Several years ago, Blank and Simard (1983) described an electronic timer, frequently referred to as a rate-of-spread (ROS) clock—a relatively simple instrument used in measuring fire spread. Although other techniques for measuring rate of spread are available (such as data loggers), the basic ROS clock remains a valuable and relatively inexpensive tool. However, several items described in the original article have changed. Therefore, we are describing an updated version of the ROS clock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Kolaks, J., Grabner, K.W., Hartman, G., Cutter, B.E., and Loewenstein, E.F., 2005, An updated rate-of-spread clock: Fire Management Today, v. 65, no. 4, p. 26-27.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/fire/fmt/fmt_pdfs/FMT65-4.pdf#anupdatedrateofspreadclock"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c5e4b0f497e78fca80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolaks, Jeremy","contributorId":176126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolaks","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabner, Keith W. kgrabner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabner","given":"Keith","email":"kgrabner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, George","contributorId":176127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartman","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cutter, Bruce E.","contributorId":176128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cutter","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loewenstein, Edward F.","contributorId":176129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loewenstein","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027312,"text":"70027312 - 2005 - Field comparison of optical and clark cell dissolved-oxygen sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027312","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field comparison of optical and clark cell dissolved-oxygen sensors","docAbstract":"Three multi-parameter water-quality monitors equipped with either Clark cell type or optical type dissolved-oxygen sensors were deployed for 30 days in a brackish (salinity <10 parts per thousand) environment to determine the sensitivity of the sensors to biofouling. The dissolved-oxygen sensors compared periodically to a hand-held dissolved oxygen sensor, but were not serviced or cleaned during the deployment. One of the Clark cell sensors and the optical sensor performed similarly during the deployment. The remaining Clark cell sensor was not aged correctly prior to deployment and did not perform as well as the other sensors. All sensors experienced substantial biofouling that gradually degraded the accuracy of the dissolved-oxygen measurement during the last half of the deployment period. Copyright ASCE 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40792(173)312","isbn":"0784407924; 9780784407929","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J., Davies, W., and Garcia, L., 2005, Field comparison of optical and clark cell dissolved-oxygen sensors, in World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, 15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)312.","startPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)312"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa7e4b0c8380cd53988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, J.M.","contributorId":27473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, W.J.","contributorId":85223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, L.","contributorId":48047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177775,"text":"70177775 - 2005 - Availability of SQGs to estimate effects of sediment-associated contaminants in laboratory toxicity tests or in benthic community assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T15:39:49","indexId":"70177775","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Availability of SQGs to estimate effects of sediment-associated contaminants in laboratory toxicity tests or in benthic community assessments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Use of sediment quality guidelines and related tools for the assessment of contaminated sediments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC Press","isbn":"978-1-880611-71-5","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C., Bay, S., Crane, J., Field, L., Gries, T.H., Hyland, J.L., Long, E., MacDonald, D., and O’Connor, T., 2005, Availability of SQGs to estimate effects of sediment-associated contaminants in laboratory toxicity tests or in benthic community assessments, chap. of Use of sediment quality guidelines and related tools for the assessment of contaminated sediments, p. 497-556.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"556","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330272,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://setac.site-ym.com/store/ViewProduct.aspx?id=1038039&hhSearchTerms=Use+and+of+and+Sediment+and+Quality+and+Guidelines"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c5e4b0f497e78fca7d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wenning, R. J.","contributorId":176147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenning","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651758,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batley, G. E.","contributorId":176148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batley","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651759,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651760,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, D. W.","contributorId":93431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651761,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bay, S.M.","contributorId":91281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bay","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crane, J.L.","contributorId":47947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, L.J.","contributorId":103836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gries, T. H.","contributorId":176145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hyland, J. L.","contributorId":176146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Long, E.R.","contributorId":83695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’Connor, T.P.","contributorId":74478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70027305,"text":"70027305 - 2005 - Ice elevations and surface change on the Malaspina Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027305","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice elevations and surface change on the Malaspina Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"Here we use Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)-derived elevations and surface characteristics to investigate the Malaspina Glacier of southern Alaska. Although there is significant elevation variability between ICESat tracks on this glacier, we were able to discern general patterns in surface elevation change by using a regional digital elevation model (DEM) as a reference surface. Specifically, we report elevation differences between ICESat Laser 1-3 observations (February 2003 - November 2004) and a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)-derived DEM from February 2000. Elevation decreases of up to 20-25 m over a 3-4 year time period were observed across the folded loop moraine on the southern portion of the Malaspina Glacier. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023943","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Sauber, J., Molnia, B., Carabajal, C., Luthcke, S., and Muskett, R., 2005, Ice elevations and surface change on the Malaspina Glacier, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 23, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023943.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477851,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023943","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023943"},{"id":235104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37ebe4b0c8380cd612a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauber, J.","contributorId":31540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molnia, B.","contributorId":49605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carabajal, C.","contributorId":46846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carabajal","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthcke, S.","contributorId":52464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthcke","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muskett, R.","contributorId":56121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muskett","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027313,"text":"70027313 - 2005 - Eolian deposits in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group, San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-19T06:57:45","indexId":"70027313","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eolian deposits in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group, San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Strata interpreted to be eolian are recognized in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, USA. The strata consist of medium- to large-scale (30 cm to > 6 m) cross-stratified quartzite considered to be eolian dune deposits and interstratified thinly laminated quartzite that are problematically interpreted as either eolian translatent climbing ripple laminae, or as tidal-flat deposits. High index ripples and adhesion structures considered to be eolian are associated with the thinly laminated and cross-stratified strata. The eolian strata are in a succession that is characterized by flaser bedding, aqueous ripple marks, mudcracks, and interstratified small-scale cross-strata that are suggestive of a tidal environment containing local fluvial deposits. The eolian strata may have formed in a near-shore environment inland of a tidal flat. The Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group is unusual in the western United States and may represent a remnant of strata that were originally more widespread and part of the hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent of Rodinia. The Big Bear Group perhaps is preserved only in blocks that were downdropped along Neoproterozoic extensional faults. The eolian deposits of the Big Bear Group may have been deposited during arid conditions that preceded worldwide glacial events in the late Neoproterozoic. Possibly similar pre-glacial arid events are recognized in northern Mexico, northeast Washington, Australia, and northwest Canada.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.012","issn":"00128252","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., 2005, Eolian deposits in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group, San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 73, no. 1-4, p. 47-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.012.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Bernardino Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.03117370605467,\n 34.114647030728655\n ],\n [\n -116.72218322753906,\n 34.114647030728655\n ],\n [\n -116.72218322753906,\n 34.32132236979802\n ],\n [\n -117.03117370605467,\n 34.32132236979802\n ],\n [\n -117.03117370605467,\n 34.114647030728655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09ffe4b0c8380cd5214b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027307,"text":"70027307 - 2005 - Mapping standardised test scores with other variables using GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T21:03:03.289473","indexId":"70027307","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2087,"text":"International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping standardised test scores with other variables using GIS","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10382040508668356","usgsCitation":"Kerski, J., Linn, S., and Gindele, R., 2005, Mapping standardised test scores with other variables using GIS: International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, v. 14, no. 3, p. 231-236, https://doi.org/10.1080/10382040508668356.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5075e4b0c8380cd6b6d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerski, J.","contributorId":76526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerski","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linn, S.","contributorId":15806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linn","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gindele, R.","contributorId":11808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gindele","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027315,"text":"70027315 - 2005 - Material contrast does not predict earthquake rupture propagation direction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027315","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Material contrast does not predict earthquake rupture propagation direction","docAbstract":"Earthquakes often occur on faults that juxtapose different rocks. The result is rupture behavior that differs from that of an earthquake occurring on a fault in a homogeneous material. Previous 2D numerical simulations have studied simple cases of earthquake rupture propagation where there is a material contrast across a fault and have come to two different conclusions: 1) earthquake rupture propagation direction can be predicted from the material contrast, and 2) earthquake rupture propagation direction cannot be predicted from the material contrast. In this paper we provide observational evidence from 70 years of earthquakes at Parkfield, CA, and new 3D numerical simulations. Both the observations and the numerical simulations demonstrate that earthquake rupture propagation direction is unlikely to be predictable on the basis of a material contrast. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023941","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., and Day, S., 2005, Material contrast does not predict earthquake rupture propagation direction: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 23, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023941.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477838,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023941","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209035,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023941"},{"id":235205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5275e4b0c8380cd6c41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, S.M.","contributorId":41425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027309,"text":"70027309 - 2005 - Nesting ecology and behavior of Broad-winged Hawks in moist karst forests of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027309","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology and behavior of Broad-winged Hawks in moist karst forests of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The Puerto Rican Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus brunnescens) is an endemic and endangered subspecies inhabiting upland montane forests of Puerto Rico. The reproductive ecology, behavior, and nesting habitat of the Broad-winged Hawk were studied in Ri??o Abajo Forest, Puerto Rico, from 2001-02. We observed 158 courtship displays by Broad-winged Hawks. Also, we recorded 25 territorial interactions between resident Broad-winged Hawks and intruding Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis). Broad-winged Hawks displaced intruding Red-tailed Hawks from occupied territories (P = 0.009). Mayfield nest survival was 0.67 across breeding seasons (0.81 in 2001, N = 6; 0.51 in 2002, N = 4), and pairs averaged 1.1 young per nest (years combined). The birds nested in mixed species timber plantations and mature secondary forest. Nests were placed in the upper reaches of large trees emerging from the canopy. Nest tree DBH, understory stem density, and distance to karst cliff wall correctly classified (77.8%) nest sites. ?? 2005 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Hengstenberg, D., and Vilella, F., 2005, Nesting ecology and behavior of Broad-winged Hawks in moist karst forests of Puerto Rico: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 39, no. 4, p. 404-416.","startPage":"404","endPage":"416","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64bae4b0c8380cd72a43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hengstenberg, D.W.","contributorId":42404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hengstenberg","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vilella, F. 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Annual report 2003","docAbstract":"This report summarizes results of research activities conducted in 2002 and years previous to aid in the management and recovery of fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Columbia River basin. The report is divided into self-standing chapters. For detailed summaries, we refer the reader to the abstracts given on the second page of each chapter. The Annual Reporting section includes information provided to fishery managers in-season and post-season, and it contains a detailed summary of life history and survival statistics on wild Snake River fall chinook salmon juveniles for the years 1992-2002. Peer-review publication remains a high priority of this research project, and it insures that our work meets high scientific standards. The Bibliography of Published Journal Articles section provides citations for peer-reviewed papers coauthored by personnel of project 199102900 that were written or published from 1998 to 2003.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibian declines: The conservation status of United States species","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","isbn":"9780520235922","usgsCitation":"Semlitsch, R.D., and Bridges, C., 2005, Amphibian ecotoxicology, chap. of Amphibian declines: The conservation status of United States species, p. 241-243.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520235922"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c5e4b0f497e78fca84","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lannoo, Michael J.","contributorId":46482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651658,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179574,"text":"70179574 - 2005 - Three-dimensional behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids at The Dalles Dam, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T15:03:45","indexId":"70179574","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Three-dimensional behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids at The Dalles Dam, 2004","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ","usgsCitation":"Cash, K., Faber, D., Hatton, T., Jones, E., Magie, R., Swyers, N., Burns, R., Sholtis, M., Zimmerman, S., Hughes, J., Gilbride, T., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2005, Three-dimensional behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids at The Dalles Dam, 2004.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1862e4b0f5ce109fcb61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cash, K.M","contributorId":178009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cash","given":"K.M","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faber, D.M","contributorId":178013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faber","given":"D.M","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatton, T.W","contributorId":178014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatton","given":"T.W","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, E.C.","contributorId":177747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Magie, R.J.","contributorId":6676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magie","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swyers, N.M.","contributorId":178015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swyers","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burns, R.K.","contributorId":178016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sholtis, M.D","contributorId":178017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sholtis","given":"M.D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zimmerman, S.A.","contributorId":178018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hughes, J.S.","contributorId":178019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gilbride, T.L.","contributorId":178020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbride","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70179567,"text":"70179567 - 2005 - Lower Methow tributaries effectiveness monitoring study: Study plan 2004-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T14:10:19","indexId":"70179567","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Lower Methow tributaries effectiveness monitoring study: Study plan 2004-2008","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 2005, Lower Methow tributaries effectiveness monitoring study: Study plan 2004-2008.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Methow tributaries","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.43624877929688,\n 48.167917284047974\n ],\n [\n -120.43624877929688,\n 48.63381615956248\n ],\n [\n -119.8883056640625,\n 48.63381615956248\n ],\n [\n -119.8883056640625,\n 48.167917284047974\n ],\n [\n -120.43624877929688,\n 48.167917284047974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1863e4b0f5ce109fcb65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027311,"text":"70027311 - 2005 - The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:19:05","indexId":"70027311","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems","docAbstract":"It is evident when the resilience of a system has been exceeded and the system qualitatively changed. However, it is not clear how to measure resilience in a system prior to the demonstration that the capacity for resilient response has been exceeded. We argue that self-organizing human and natural systems are structured by a relatively small set of processes operating across scales in time and space. These structuring processes should generate a discontinuous distribution of structures and frequencies, where discontinuities mark the transition from one scale to another. Resilience is not driven by the identity of elements of a system, but rather by the functions those elements provide, and their distribution within and across scales. A self-organizing system that is resilient should maintain patterns of function within and across scales despite the turnover of specific elements (for example, species, cities). However, the loss of functions, or a decrease in functional representation at certain scales will decrease system resilience. It follows that some distributions of function should be more resilient than others. We propose that the determination of discontinuities, and the quantification of function both within and across scales, produce relative measures of resilience in ecological and other systems. We describe a set of methods to assess the relative resilience of a system based upon the determination of discontinuities and the quantification of the distribution of functions in relation to those discontinuities. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.R., Gunderson, L., and Johnson, A., 2005, The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 8, p. 958-966, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x.","startPage":"958","endPage":"966","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb165e4b08c986b325307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance","contributorId":30797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, A.R.","contributorId":72176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179755,"text":"70179755 - 2005 - Assessment of low-level water chemistry in selected streams of the Washougal, Lewis, and Winder River watersheds, 2003 final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T12:15:48","indexId":"70179755","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assessment of low-level water chemistry in selected streams of the Washougal, Lewis, and Winder River watersheds, 2003 final report","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Lower Columbia Fish Enhancement Group and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M., and Magie, C., 2005, Assessment of low-level water chemistry in selected streams of the Washougal, Lewis, and Winder River watersheds, 2003 final report.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3dbbe4b0d96de2564575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magie, C.M","contributorId":178335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magie","given":"C.M","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027300,"text":"70027300 - 2005 - Regulation of landslide motion by dilatancy and pore pressure feedback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T10:03:19","indexId":"70027300","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regulation of landslide motion by dilatancy and pore pressure feedback","docAbstract":"A new mathematical model clarifies how diverse styles and rates of landslide motion can result from regulation of Coulomb friction by dilation or contraction of water‐saturated basal shear zones. Normalization of the model equations shows that feedback due to coupling between landslide motion, shear zone volume change, and pore pressure change depends on a single dimensionless parameter α, which, in turn, depends on the dilatancy angle ψ and the intrinsic timescales for pore pressure generation and dissipation. If shear zone soil contracts during slope failure, then α < 0, and positive pore pressure feedback and runaway acceleration are inevitable. If the shear zone dilates, then α > 0, and negative feedback permits slow, steady landslide motion to occur while positive pore pressure is supplied by rain infiltration. Steady state slip velocities v0 obey v0 = −(K/ψ) p*e, where K is the hydraulic conductivity and p*e is the normalized (dimensionless) negative pore pressure generated by dilation. If rain infiltration and attendant pore pressure growth continue unabated, however, their influence ultimately overwhelms the stabilizing influence of negative p*e. Then, unbounded landslide acceleration occurs, accentuated by an instability that develops if ψ diminishes as landslide motion proceeds. Nonetheless, numerical solutions of the model equations show that slow, nearly steady motion of a clay‐rich landslide may persist for many months as a result of negative pore pressure feedback that regulates basal Coulomb friction. Similarly stabilized motion is less likely to occur in sand‐rich landslides that are characterized by weaker negative feedback.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JF000268","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R., 2005, Regulation of landslide motion by dilatancy and pore pressure feedback: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 110, no. 2, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000268.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477700,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jf000268","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000268"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5f7e4b0e8fec6cdc039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1004049,"text":"1004049 - 2005 - USGS/National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T14:01:09","indexId":"1004049","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS/National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lemanski, C., Converse, K., Sohn, R., and McLaughlin, G., 2005, USGS/National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 41, no. 2, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemanski, C.","contributorId":9611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemanski","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, K.","contributorId":40157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohn, R.","contributorId":8042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, G.","contributorId":38506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015295,"text":"1015295 - 2005 - Hybridization of Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (saltcedars) with T. aphylla (athel) (tamaricaceae) in the southwestern USA dertermined from DNA sequence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:19:00","indexId":"1015295","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Hybridization of i>Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (saltcedars) with T. aphylla (athel) (tamaricaceae) in the southwestern USA dertermined from DNA sequence data","title":"Hybridization of Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (saltcedars) with T. aphylla (athel) (tamaricaceae) in the southwestern USA dertermined from DNA sequence data","docAbstract":"Morphological intermediates between Tamarix ramosissima or T. chinensis (saltcedars) and T. aphylla (athel) were found recently in three locations in the southwestern USA, and were assumed to be hybrids or a previously unreported species. We sequenced chloroplast and nuclear DNA from putative parental and hybrid morphotypes and hybrid status of morphological intermediates was supported. Chloroplast data suggest that the seed source for these hybrids is T. aphylla. Invasive T. aphylla genotypes found in Australia match those found in the USA. Seed was collected from one of the hybrids, and a low percentage of it was viable. This hybrid combination has not been previously reported in the USA or the native ranges of the species. Although populations of this novel Tamarix hybrid appear to be uncommon at present, both parental species are considered invasive (saltcedars in North America; athel in Australia), and it is possible that more aggressive hybrid genotypes could be produced. Therefore, natural resource managers concerned with the potential spread of non-native species should be aware of the existence of these plants and monitor their future spread.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","doi":"10.3120/0024-9637(2005)52[1:HOTRAT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gaskin, J.F., and Shafroth, P.B., 2005, Hybridization of Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (saltcedars) with T. aphylla (athel) (tamaricaceae) in the southwestern USA dertermined from DNA sequence data: Madroño, v. 52, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637(2005)52[1:HOTRAT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a39a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaskin, John F.","contributorId":39307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaskin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015298,"text":"1015298 - 2005 - Core competencies for natural resource negotiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T17:22:12","indexId":"1015298","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1559,"text":"Environmental Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Core competencies for natural resource negotiation","docAbstract":"Elevated water temperatures have been implicated as a factor limiting the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin. This article reviews evidence of a multidecade trend of increasing temperatures in the lower main-stem Klamath River above the ocean and, based on model simulations, finds a high probability that water temperature has been increasing by approximately 0.5°C/decade (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.60°C/decade) since the early 1960s. The season of high temperatures that are potentially stressful to salmonids has lengthened by about 1 month over the period studied, and the average length of main-stem river with cool summer temperatures has declined by about 8.2 km/decade. Water temperature trends seem unrelated to any change in main-stem water availability but are consistent with measured basinwide air temperature increases. Main-stem warming may be related to the cyclic Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but if this trend continues it might jeopardize the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M04-007.1","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 2005, Recent water temperature trends in the Lower Klamath River, California: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 1, p. 152-162, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-007.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015261,"text":"1015261 - 2005 - Resilience of willow stems after release from intense elk browsing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T10:13:11","indexId":"1015261","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resilience of willow stems after release from intense elk browsing","docAbstract":"The resilience of willow (Salix monticola Bebb, Salix geyeriana Anderss., Salix planifolia Pursh) stems released from intense elk (Cervus elaphus) browsing in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, was quantified in 1998 with a retrospective study that compared biomass, number, and length of segments on willow stems located inside (protected) and outside (browsed) elk exclosures. Segment biomass increased each year after protection by about 3–12 g year−1 on browsed stems and 10–27 g year−1 on protected stems. The number of segments on stems was similar for browsed and protected stems in the first 2 years after exclusion but differed in the next 3 years, when they increased exponentially on protected stems. Nearly 80% of segments on browsed stems were < 5 cm in length in 1994–1997, which caused stems to develop a short-hedged morphology. Protected stems had more long segments and fewer short segments than browsed stems for the first 3 years, but then increased their number of short segments as stems became tall and bushy. Thus, evidence suggests short-hedged willow stems are highly resilient and can rapidly recover height and vigor after protection from intense elk browsing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/05-043R.1","usgsCitation":"Baker, B., Peinetti, H., and Coughenour, M., 2005, Resilience of willow stems after release from intense elk browsing: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 58, no. 6, p. 575-581, https://doi.org/10.2111/05-043R.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"581","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643383","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629eae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, B.W.","contributorId":18707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peinetti, H.R.","contributorId":38115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peinetti","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coughenour, M.B.","contributorId":46473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coughenour","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003992,"text":"1003992 - 2005 - Pathology and proposed pathophysiology of diclofenac poisoning in free-living and experimentally exposed oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T14:18:10.068639","indexId":"1003992","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Pathology and proposed pathophysiology of diclofenac poisoning in free-living and experimentally exposed oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis)","title":"Pathology and proposed pathophysiology of diclofenac poisoning in free-living and experimentally exposed oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis)","docAbstract":"Oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis; OWBVs) died of renal failure when they ingested diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in tissues of domestic livestock. Acute necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules in these vultures was severe. Glomeruli, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting tubules were relatively spared in the vultures that had early lesions. In most vultures, however, lesions became extensive with large urate aggregates obscuring renal architecture. Inflammation was minimal. Extensive urate precipitation on the surface and within organ parenchyma (visceral gout) was consistently found in vultures with renal failure. Very little is known about the physiologic effect of NSAIDs in birds. Research in mammals has shown that diclofenac inhibits formation of prostaglandins. We propose that the mechanism by which diclofenac induces renal failure in the OWBV is through the inhibition of the modulating effect of prostaglandin on angiotensin II-mediated adrenergic stimulation. Renal portal valves open in response to adrenergic stimulation, redirecting portal blood to the caudal vena cava and bypassing the kidney. If diclofenac removes a modulating effect of prostaglandins on the renal portal valves, indiscriminant activation of these valves would redirect the primary nutrient blood supply away from the renal cortex. Resulting ischemic necrosis of the cortical proximal convoluted tubules would be consistent with our histologic findings in these OWBVs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-41.4.707","usgsCitation":"Meteyer, C.U., Rideout, B.A., Gilbert, M., Shivaprasad, H.L., and Oaks, J.L., 2005, Pathology and proposed pathophysiology of diclofenac poisoning in free-living and experimentally exposed oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 41, no. 4, p. 707-716, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-41.4.707.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.7589/0090-3558-41.4.707","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan","state":"Punjab Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 74.68505859374999,\n 31.531726144517158\n ],\n [\n 72.037353515625,\n 33.4039312002347\n ],\n [\n 68.84033203125,\n 29.46829664171322\n ],\n [\n 69.334716796875,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n 69.93896484375,\n 27.945886221761945\n ],\n [\n 70.86181640625,\n 27.751607687549384\n ],\n [\n 72.0703125,\n 28.13981591275445\n ],\n [\n 73.32275390625,\n 29.621221113784504\n ],\n [\n 73.992919921875,\n 30.467614102257855\n ],\n [\n 74.68505859374999,\n 31.531726144517158\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688af3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rideout, Bruce A","contributorId":259231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rideout","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":38792,"text":"San Diego Zoo Global","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":314858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilbert, Martin","contributorId":93179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shivaprasad, H. L.","contributorId":101616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shivaprasad","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oaks, J. Lindsay","contributorId":147286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oaks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lindsay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008483,"text":"1008483 - 2005 - Critical literature review of the evidence for unpalatability of amphibian eggs and larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T14:42:53.657428","indexId":"1008483","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical literature review of the evidence for unpalatability of amphibian eggs and larvae","docAbstract":"We examined 142 papers, which contained 603 separate predator-prey trials, to investigate whether unpalatability is an important defense against predation for amphibian eggs and larvae. Although unpalatability is often cited as an antipredator defense, it was rarely demonstrated that 89% of the trials that we reviewed found prey to be palatable. The most extensively studied taxa, the genera Bufo and Rana, were diagnosed unpalatable at rates comparable to all other taxa. Diagnoses of unpalatability were not always consistent for a prey species across different predators and were influenced by experimental method. Despite these limitations and our conservative definition of unpalatability, several patterns emerged. First, across all taxonomic groups, eggs and hatchlings were unpalatable more often than mobile larval stages. Second, species that breed in temporary ponds were more likely to be palatable to fish predators than those that breed in permanent habitats. Third, fish and caudates were more likely to find amphibian prey unpalatable than insect predators. We conclude that unpalatability is rare, but when it occurs, it is a property of an ensemble (predator, prey, and alternative prey) and a life-history stage in a particular circumstance but is not a species-specific attribute. We suggest methods of experimentation that could strengthen future research on the palatability of amphibian eggs and larvae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/1-05A.1","usgsCitation":"Gunzburger, M.S., and Travis, J., 2005, Critical literature review of the evidence for unpalatability of amphibian eggs and larvae: Journal of Herpetology, v. 39, p. 547-571, https://doi.org/10.1670/1-05A.1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"571","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunzburger, Margaret S.","contributorId":43449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunzburger","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Travis, Joseph","contributorId":196667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Travis","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029400,"text":"70029400 - 2005 - Can diet-dependent factors help explain fish-to-fish variation in thiamine-dependent early mortality syndrome?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T16:33:50","indexId":"70029400","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can diet-dependent factors help explain fish-to-fish variation in thiamine-dependent early mortality syndrome?","docAbstract":"To provide insight into the reasons why offspring of certain salmonine females exhibit early mortality syndrome (EMS) in the Great Lakes whereas others do not, we measured the egg concentrations of potential biochemical markers (stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon, fatty acid signatures, and lipid-soluble carotenoids and vitamins) that are indicative of differing food web and trophic structure. To corroborate the presence of EMS, we also measured the egg content of thiamine vitamers. For all the stocks of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha we studied, there was a very high correspondence between EMS and low concentrations of unphosphorylated thiamine in unfertilized eggs. For salmonine stocks in the Platte River, Thompson Creek, and the Swan River, Michigan, small but significant shifts occurred in measures of egg carotenoids, retinoids, ??15N depletion, and fatty acid profiles of fish producing normal offspring relative to those exhibiting EMS. Egg thiamine concentrations in Chinook salmon from the Little Manistee River, Michigan, in the low-EMS group were only marginally above the threshold for EMS induction. Along with this small thiamine differential, there was no evidence of differing food web or dietary factors between EMS-positive and normal Chinook salmon from the Little Manistee River. Further investigations are required to determine the potential dietary sources for the observed differences in biochemical markers between EMS-positive and normal fish. These findings are generally consistent with the hypothesis that a more diverse forage base may help to limit overall dietary content of species that contain thiaminase, such as alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, and may lead to improved embryonic survival for feral salmonids. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/H03-072.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Brown, S., Arts, M., Brown, L., Brown, M., Moore, K., Villella, M., Fitzsimons, J., Honeyfield, D., Tillitt, D.E., Zajicek, J., Wolgamood, M., and Hnath, J., 2005, Can diet-dependent factors help explain fish-to-fish variation in thiamine-dependent early mortality syndrome?: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 17, no. 1, p. 36-47, https://doi.org/10.1577/H03-072.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f333e4b0c8380cd4b663","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, S.B.","contributorId":107636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arts, M.T.","contributorId":12685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arts","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, M.","contributorId":7655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, K.","contributorId":64432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villella, M.","contributorId":91673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villella","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fitzsimons, J.D.","contributorId":50845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzsimons","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zajicek, J.L.","contributorId":87086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wolgamood, M.","contributorId":65790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolgamood","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hnath, J.G.","contributorId":34852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hnath","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ]}