Electrical‐resistance blocks were calibrated for use in soil‐moisture studies at Seabrook, N.J. Curves from successive laboratory calibrations are positioned differently because of the effects of chemical quality of the water used, drying techniques and other factors. Furthermore, the laboratory curves are displaced from the field calibration curves because of the difficulty of establishing moisture equilibrium in laboratory samples. It is believed that the results demonstrate the general unreliability of laboratory calibrations when compared with field calibrations of soil‐moisture blocks
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i005p00821","usgsCitation":"Remson, I., and Fox, G.S., 1955, The displacement of calibration curves for electrical soil‐moisture units: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 5, p. 821-826, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i005p00821.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"826","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, G. S.","contributorId":22424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216047,"text":"70216047 - 1955 - Capillary losses from ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T20:48:09.972757","indexId":"70216047","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T14:37:29","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capillary losses from ground water","docAbstract":"A method is presented for estimating the discharge of ground water by evapotranspiration of water rising from the water table by capillarity. ‘Potential capillary water loss’ is defined as a measure of the ability of the capillary interstices of a soil to raise water from the water table to the ground surface. Published equations describing soil‐moisture movement and published graphs relating capillary conductivity and capillary potential are used to derive expressions of the relation between ‘potential capillary water loss’ and depth to the water table in a given soil. On the basis of these theoretical relationships, graphs are drawn that show how the depth to the water table affects the ability of a particular soil to raise water to the ground surface under given conditions. The application of these methods is discussed in relation to the estimation of ground‐water losses by capillary rise, the determination of potential evapotranspiration, and the analysis of soil‐tank data. Their essential agreement with empirical profiles of capillary potential obtained in soil tanks demonstrates their usefulness.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i002p00304","usgsCitation":"Remson, I., and Fox, G.S., 1955, Capillary losses from ground water: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 2, p. 304-310, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i002p00304.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, G. S.","contributorId":22424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216046,"text":"70216046 - 1955 - Effect of current drought upon water supplies in Cedar City Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T20:20:35.040571","indexId":"70216046","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T14:10:46","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of current drought upon water supplies in Cedar City Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"The ground water in the pumping district in Cedar City Valley, Utah is considered by the Utah State Engineer to be fully appropriated, and he has not authorized drilling of irrigation wells there since 1942 except as replacements for wells having established rights. In spite of this regulation, the water levels in representative wells in 1954 were the lowest of record, and four to ten feet lower than the minima recorded during the drought of the 1930's. This recession is attributed in large part to the current drought in the southwestern United States. In the five years ended October 1, 1954, precipitation at Cedar City was markedly less than in any other five‐year period in the past 50 years, and stream runoff was likewise far below average. Ground‐water withdrawal has exceeded replenishment in these drought years, but it cannot yet be concluded that the ground‐water resources are overdeveloped in the sense that pumpage exceeds the long‐term average replenishment to the reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i005p00805","usgsCitation":"Waite, H., and Thomas, H., 1955, Effect of current drought upon water supplies in Cedar City Valley, Utah: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 5, p. 805-812, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i005p00805.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"812","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Cedar City Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 37.93553306183642\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 37.93553306183642\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 37.42252593456307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, H.A.","contributorId":58336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, H.E.","contributorId":243568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216045,"text":"70216045 - 1955 - Geochemistry and mineralogy of a uraniferous lignite [South Dakota]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T20:09:05.386747","indexId":"70216045","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T13:55:34","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and mineralogy of a uraniferous lignite [South Dakota]","docAbstract":"Detailed studies have been carried out on a uraniferous lignite from the Mendenhall strip mine, Harding County, S. Dak. By means of heavy-liquid separations, a mineral-free concentrate of the lignite was obtained that contained 13.8 percent ash and 0.31 percent uranium in the ash. The minerals (gypsum 69 percent, jarosite 10 percent, quartz 2 percent, kaolinite and clay minerals 19 percent, and calcite trace) contain only 7 percent of the uranium in the original coal, indicating an association of the uranium with the organic components of the lignite.Batch extractions show that 88.5 percent of the uranium can be extracted from the lignite by two consecutive treatments with boiling 1 N hydrochloric acid. Continuous extraction with hot 6 N hydrochloric acid removes 98.6 percent of the uranium.Columns of coal were treated with water, 1 N hydrochloric acid, 6 N hydrochloric acid, and a solution of lanthanum nitrate. The experiment with lanthanum nitrate indicated that only 1.2 percent of the uranium in the coal is held by ion exchange. The elutriation experiments showed that the uranium is held in the coal as an organo-uranium compound or complex that is soluble at a pH of less than 2.18.A geochemical mechanism by which the uranium may have been introduced into and retained by the lignite is discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.2.206","usgsCitation":"Breger, I., Deul, M., and Rubinstein, S., 1955, Geochemistry and mineralogy of a uraniferous lignite [South Dakota]: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 206-226, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.2.206.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Harding","otherGeospatial":"Mendenhall mine","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.9425,45.944],[-102.9445,45.8189],[-102.9439,45.7311],[-102.955,45.7318],[-102.9558,45.5584],[-102.9565,45.4711],[-102.9539,45.3852],[-102.9578,45.3851],[-102.9605,45.2982],[-102.9587,45.2128],[-103.3257,45.2124],[-103.6301,45.2139],[-103.6515,45.2139],[-103.6709,45.2139],[-103.6916,45.2134],[-103.7117,45.2139],[-103.7545,45.2137],[-103.7751,45.2132],[-103.814,45.2132],[-103.8354,45.2136],[-103.8568,45.2135],[-103.8969,45.2134],[-103.9364,45.2133],[-104.0207,45.2144],[-104.0406,45.2143],[-104.041,45.2639],[-104.0425,45.5572],[-104.0426,45.5736],[-104.0424,45.6245],[-104.0425,45.6437],[-104.0425,45.6578],[-104.0425,45.6656],[-104.0426,45.6717],[-104.0426,45.6835],[-104.0433,45.7735],[-104.0434,45.7951],[-104.0435,45.8098],[-104.0437,45.8405],[-104.0439,45.8799],[-104.0441,45.9063],[-104.0443,45.9438],[-102.9956,45.944],[-102.9425,45.944]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Harding\",\"state\":\"SD\"}}]}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":41901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deul, Maurice","contributorId":67562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deul","given":"Maurice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubinstein, Samuel","contributorId":85886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216043,"text":"70216043 - 1955 - Is Carbon dioxide an ore-forming fluid under shallow-earth conditions?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T19:25:24.264879","indexId":"70216043","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T13:18:25","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is Carbon dioxide an ore-forming fluid under shallow-earth conditions?","docAbstract":"A review of some of the physical-chemical properties of CO 2 and of the system CO 2 --H 2 O indicates that under some shallow-earth conditions CO 2 can exist as a separate phase with a density approximately that of water. The effect of dissolved neutral or acid salts on the solubility of CO 2 in H 2 O is not large. Carbonates, oxides, and silicates, through reactions with a CO 2 -saturated water phase, will eventually cause the disappearance of a CO 2 phase. The prevalence of CO 2 in the earth's crust is attested by its abundance in natural gases and fluid inclusions in minerals. Some of the characteristics of uranium ores of the Colorado Plateau are not incompatible with the assumption that deposition was from a fluid CO 2 phase.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.5.447","usgsCitation":"Garrels, R., and Richter, D., 1955, Is Carbon dioxide an ore-forming fluid under shallow-earth conditions?: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 5, p. 447-458, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.5.447.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"458","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050310/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":380088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrels, R.M.","contributorId":88804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrels","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":803859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51851,"text":"ofr55109 - 1955 - Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1954","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-13T10:32:11","indexId":"ofr55109","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-109","title":"Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1954","docAbstract":"Ground-water studies in the Missouri River Basin were begun by the United States Geological Survey during the fall of 1945 as a part of the program for development of the resources of the basin by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and other Federal Agencies. The studies of the ground-water resources in the part of Kansas that lies within the Basin have been coordinated with the cooperative program of ground-water studies already being made in Kansas by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Kansas State Geological Survey, the Division of Sanitation of the Kansas State Board of Health, and the Division of Water Resources of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
Areas in which ground-water data have been and are being collected are the following: the Almena Unit in Norton and Phillips Counties; the Bostwick Unit in Jewell, Republic, and Cloud Counties; the Cedar Bluff Unit in Ellis, Rush, and Trego Counties; the Glen Elder Unit in Mitchell County; Kanopolis unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties; Kirwin unit in Phillips, Smith, and Osborne Counties; St. Francis unit in Cheyenne County; the Webster Unit in Osborne County; and the Wilson Unit in Lincoln County. Data relating to the Ladder Creek project in Greeley, Gove, Lane, Logan, Scott, Wallace, and Wichita Counties will be published later in a separate report.
This report is the eighth of a series of annual reports on ground-water in the above-named units in Kansas and contains the data collected during 1954. The first report of the series contained the data collected prior to and through 1947. An index to the data contained in this and previous reports is given in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55109","collaboration":"Compiled in cooperation with the State Geological Survey of Kansas, the Division of Sanitation of the Kansas State Board of Health, and the Division of Water Resources of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture.","usgsCitation":"Mason, B., and Loye, L., 1955, Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1954: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-109, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55109.","productDescription":"36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr55109.jpg"},{"id":310491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0109/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, B.J.","contributorId":53029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loye, Linda","contributorId":56298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loye","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206097,"text":"70206097 - 1955 - Salt-water encroachment as induced by sea-level excavation on Angaur Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T12:58:05","indexId":"70206097","displayToPublicDate":"1955-10-22T08:48:16","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt-water encroachment as induced by sea-level excavation on Angaur Island","docAbstract":"Angaur, southwesternmost of the Palau Islands, 800 miles southwest of Guam, has an area of 3.2 square miles and consists of reef limestone of Pliocene through Recent age. In the northwestern part of the island a basin is formed by a ringlike ridge that has a maximum altitude of 150 feet. To the east and south a series of arc-shaped lower ridges and intervening depressions are concentric with the ring ridge. Beyond these, a low plain with shallow swales composes the remaining two-thirds of the island. The ridges are composed of indurated limestone, whereas the plain is underlain chiefly by unconsolidated coralline fragments. Phosphate has been mined from the three types of topographic depressions since 1908. When power equipment was introduced, excavations were extended below sea level. Lakes formed in these excavations and, despite an annual rainfall of 110 inches, contamination of fresh-water supplies and of agricultural land by salt water resulted from tidal pulsations through the fissured rock. As a result, stoppage of mining was imminent unless remedial measures could be devised. Angaur provides a model of the operations of a Ghyben-Herzberg fresh-water lens on an oceanic island. At numerous lakes, wells, and test holes, continuing observations were made on water levels; amplitude and lag of tidal fluctuations; and mineral content, pH, and temperature of the lens. These observations guided the selection of constantly adjusted remedial measures, which included partitioning of lakes, and bottom filling or back filling of compartments that failed to freshen because of fissures connecting them with the sea. © 1955 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
","language":"English ","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.7.669","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Wentworth, C., Mason, A., and Davis, D., 1955, Salt-water encroachment as induced by sea-level excavation on Angaur Island: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 7, p. 669-680, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.7.669.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"669","endPage":"680","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Palau ","state":"Angaur ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 134.11903381347656,\n 6.927108480815689\n ],\n [\n 134.12521362304688,\n 6.903591547547428\n ],\n [\n 134.1159439086914,\n 6.8920030633877145\n ],\n [\n 134.1214370727539,\n 6.884504481462231\n ],\n [\n 134.1327667236328,\n 6.884504481462231\n ],\n [\n 134.14443969726562,\n 6.892684746773648\n ],\n [\n 134.15782928466797,\n 6.904614047238085\n ],\n [\n 134.15645599365234,\n 6.917565518618452\n ],\n [\n 134.14581298828125,\n 6.9284717453722\n ],\n [\n 134.11903381347656,\n 6.927108480815689\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentworth, C.K.","contributorId":60185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, A.C.","contributorId":219911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, D.A.","contributorId":88013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220449,"text":"5220449 - 1955 - Another waterchestnut infestation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-29T17:15:06.620072","indexId":"5220449","displayToPublicDate":"1955-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Another waterchestnut infestation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3797482","usgsCitation":"Martin, A.C., 1955, Another waterchestnut infestation: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 19, no. 4, p. 504-505, https://doi.org/10.2307/3797482.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"505","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Massachusetts, New 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The coal contains gypsum (6 percent), kaolinite (1 percent), quartz (0.3 percent), calcite (trace), and limonite (trace). This suite of minerals and the absence of pyrite show that the coal has been subjected to weathering and oxidation. No uranium minerals have been found; mechanical fractionation has indicated that the uranium is associated with the organic constituents of the coal. The minerals that have been isolated contain 0.0006 percent uranium, a content that is to be expected for nonuraniferous sedimentary rocks. The organic components of the coal contain approximately 0.002 percent uranium. On the basis of material-balance calculations, the organic components carry 98 percent of the uranium in the coal. Batch extraction of the Wyoming coal with 6 N hydrochloric acid leads to the solution of almost 90 percent of its uranium. Recovery of uranium is independent of the particle size of the coal between - 4 and - 20 mesh, and is accompanied by the solution of approximately 70 percent of the inorganic constituents (ash) of the coal. The extract contains, together with uranium, a concentration of several elements such as manganese, cerium, and vanadium that are present in the coal. Fischer assays of this weathered coal from the Red Desert indicate a yield of 16.7 gallons of tar per ton. Yields of both tar and char are about 15 percent lower if the coal is first treated with 6 N hydrochloric acid to extract the uranium. It is suggested that uranium was introduced into the coal by means of ground water carrying soluble alkaline or alkaline-earth uranyl carbonate complexes. The mineral schroeckingerite-a similar complex-is found near this subbituminous coal in the Red Desert of Wyoming. These complexes, which are unstable in acid medium, release the uranyl ion (U02++), which may then react with organic constituents of the coal to form ionic uranyl-organic compounds that are insoluble above a pH of about 2.2. Preliminary data indicate that the uranium is associated with various humic components of the coal. The distribution of uranium among the components of the subbituminous coal from Wyoming is similar to the distribution in a lignite from South Dakota. There is no indication that uranium was introduced into or retained by the two coals by appreciably different geochemical processes. © 1955 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.6.610","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Breger, I.A., Deul, M., and Meyrowitz, R., 1955, Geochemistry and mineralogy of a uraniferous sub bituminous coal: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 6, p. 610-624, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.6.610.","productDescription":"15 p. 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1955 - Effects of hail storms on waterfowl populations in Alberta, Canada — 1953","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T14:42:18.462299","indexId":"70230873","displayToPublicDate":"1955-07-01T09:22:42","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hail storms on waterfowl populations in Alberta, Canada — 1953","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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It represents a partnership among Federal, State, and participial agencies that has developed during the past 60 years from the mutual desire to obtain and maintain optimum knowledge of out water resources with a minimum outlay of public funds. The program is sufficiently broad to include investigations of water from all natural sources including the chemical and physical quality of water from each of these sources.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3796876","usgsCitation":"Aldrich, J.W., and Steenis, J.H., 1955, Neck-banding and other color-marking of waterfowl; Its merits and shortcomings: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 19, no. 2, p. 317-318, https://doi.org/10.2307/3796876.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"318","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Sumner","otherGeospatial":"Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.26181584892859,\n 39.674456128679566\n ],\n [\n -93.26181584892859,\n 39.57443340227121\n ],\n [\n -93.12543604668674,\n 39.57443340227121\n ],\n [\n -93.12543604668674,\n 39.674456128679566\n ],\n [\n -93.26181584892859,\n 39.674456128679566\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldrich, John W.","contributorId":65900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steenis, John H.","contributorId":57918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51856,"text":"ofr55123 - 1955 - Reproposal for review report of survey scope, Snake River basin above Weiser, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:06:12","indexId":"ofr55123","displayToPublicDate":"1955-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-123","title":"Reproposal for review report of survey scope, Snake River basin above Weiser, Idaho","docAbstract":"This submission applies to the available waters accruing to Snake River between Milner Dam and Weiser, Idaho. For basin upstram see statement by Lynn Crandall, \"New storage on Snake River for irrigation use above Milner, Idaho\" as filed February 15 at Idaho Falls hearing.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55123","usgsCitation":"Newell, T.R., 1955, Reproposal for review report of survey scope, Snake River basin above Weiser, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-123, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55123.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr55123.jpg"},{"id":310492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0123/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 44.23732831822538\n ],\n [\n -116.8670654296875,\n 44.13097085672744\n ],\n [\n -116.94946289062499,\n 43.8899753738369\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 43.71156424665851\n ],\n [\n -116.7132568359375,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -116.3177490234375,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -115.9112548828125,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -115.4608154296875,\n 43.01268088642034\n ],\n [\n -115.08178710937499,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -114.466552734375,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -114.1754150390625,\n 42.64608143458068\n ],\n [\n -113.917236328125,\n 42.60970621339408\n ],\n [\n -113.9666748046875,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -114.76867675781249,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -115.27954101562499,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -116.20239257812499,\n 42.99259451971113\n ],\n [\n -116.93847656250001,\n 43.54058479482877\n ],\n [\n -117.10876464843749,\n 43.683763524273346\n ],\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 44.09153051045218\n ],\n [\n -116.993408203125,\n 44.19402066387343\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 44.23732831822538\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c77b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Thomas R.","contributorId":106876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13652,"text":"ofr5491 - 1955 - The relation between composition and swelling in clays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T11:56:51","indexId":"ofr5491","displayToPublicDate":"1955-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-91","title":"The relation between composition and swelling in clays","docAbstract":"The phenomenon of swelling is associated with the hydration of clays; however, all clays do not swell when hydrated. those of the kaolin group, for example, exhibit little or no swelling on hydration. Sodiwm montmoillonite, on the other hand, characteristically swells in water to many times its dry volume. Calcium and magnesium montmorillonite and the hydrous micas, or so called illites, fall between these two extremes in swelling properties, but are, in general, much closer to kaolinite than to sodium montmorillonite in their increase in volume on hydration. These differences in the swelling characteristics of different clays may be related to their chemical composition, to the kind and degree of isomorphous replacements in their structure, and to the amount and nature of their associated exchangeable cations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5491","usgsCitation":"Foster, M.D., 1955, The relation between composition and swelling in clays: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-91, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5491.","productDescription":"34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5491.jpg"},{"id":310461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0091/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Margaret D.","contributorId":21141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095687,"text":"tei298 - 1955 - Radioactivity and uranium content of some Cretaceous shales, central Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T14:06:48","indexId":"tei298","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T13:48:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"298","title":"Radioactivity and uranium content of some Cretaceous shales, central Great Plains","docAbstract":"The Sharon Springs member of the Pierre shale of Cretaceous age, a hard black organic-rich shale similar to the Chattanooga shale, is radioactive throughout central and western South Dakota, most of Nebraska, northern Kansas, and northeastern Colorado. In the Missouri River valley, thin beds of the shale contain as much as 0.01 percent uranium. Beds as much as 20 feet thick or more have a radioactivity of about 0.01 percent equivalent uranium in southwestern Nebraska according to interpretation of gamma-ray well logs. The radioactivity and uranium content is highest in the Missouri River valley in South Dakota and in southwestern Nebraska where the shale rests disconformably on the underlying Niobrara formation of Cretaceous age. Near the Black Hills, and in the area to the north, the shale of the Sharon Springs member rests on a wedge of the Gammon ferruginous member of the Pierre, which is represented by a disonformity to the east and south, and the radioactivity of the shale is low although greater than that of over-lying strata. The shale also contains a suite of trace elements in which arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and vanadium are conspicuous. Molybdenum and tin are less abundant in the Sharon Springs than in similar shales of Palezoic age and silver and selenium are more abundant.
\nIn the Great Plains region, the upper 30-50 feet of Cretaceous shales overlain unconformably by the White River group of Oligocene age has been altered to bright-colored material. This altered zone is chiefly the result of pre-Oligocene weathering although post-Oligocene ground water conditions also have affected the zone. The greatest radioactivity occurs in masses of unaltered shale measuring about 1 x 4 feet in cross section included in the lower part of the altered zone. Where the zone is developed on shale and marl of the Niobrara formation, parts of the included unaltered shale contains as much as 0.1 percent equivalent uranium and 0.03 percent uranium. The disequalibrium between equivalent uranium (radioactivity) and the uranium content of the shales is believed to be a surface feature caused by relatively recent leaching of uranium from the present outcrops. The co-extensive distribution of the altered zone of Cretaceous shales and strata of the overlying White River group suggest that most of the uranium in the small masses of unaltered marl in the altered zone has been derived from the White River group.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei298","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Tourtelot, H., 1955, Radioactivity and uranium content of some Cretaceous shales, central Great Plains: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 298, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei298.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei298.jpg"},{"id":284544,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0298/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Kansas;Nebraska;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.39,38.64 ], [ -105.39,44.82 ], [ -96.87,44.82 ], [ -96.87,38.64 ], [ -105.39,38.64 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355952fe4b0120853e8c176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tourtelot, Harry A.","contributorId":97903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourtelot","given":"Harry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185470,"text":"70185470 - 1955 - Flood control problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T12:56:46","indexId":"70185470","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5327,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood control problems","docAbstract":"Throughout the world, alluvial soils are among the most fertile and easiest cultivated. Alluvial valleys are routes for transportation either by water or by road and railroad. Rivers are sources of water, a necessity of life. But these river valleys and alluvial deposits, which have so many desirable characteristics and which have increased so greatly in population, are periodically occupied by the river in performing its task of removing the excess of precipitation from the land area and carrying away the products of erosion.
How a river behaves and how the river flood plain appears depend on the relationships between water and sediment combined with the existing topography. Thus rivers and their alluvial deposits provide an endless variety of forms which are shaped, to a large extent, by the river flow during periods of rapid removal of debris and of excessive rainfall. The mechanics of river formation are such, however, that the highest discharges are not contained within a limited channel. How much water a channel will carry depends upon the frequency of occurrence of a flow. Low flows, which occur very frequently, are not important in channel formation. Neither are the infrequent discharges of very great magnitude which, although powerful, do not occur often enough to shape the channel. Channel characteristics, are dependent on those discharges of moderate size which combine power with frequency of occurrence to modify the channel from. In the highest discharges of a stream, water rises above the confines of its banks and flows over the flood plain.
It must be considered, therefore, that floods are natural phenomena which are characteristic of all rivers. They perform a vital function in the maintenance of river forms and out of bank flow may be expected with a reasonable degree of regularity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Conservation Society of India","issn":"0022-457X","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Maddock, T., 1955, Flood control problems: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India, v. 3, p. 169-173.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d66e4b0236b68f98f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas Jr.","contributorId":14402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174094,"text":"70174094 - 1955 - Geology and ground-water resources of Webster County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:33:53.148158","indexId":"70174094","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"4","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Webster County, Iowa","docAbstract":"Webster County, comprising an area of 718 square miles just northwest of the center of Iowa, had a population of 44,241 in 1950, with 25,115 in Fort Dodge, the principal city. Some 94.4 percent of the county is in farm land; corn is the principal crop and is used in the raising of hogs and cattle, an important occupation in this part of the country. Mineral products include gypsum, clay, coal, sand, gravel and limestone.
The mean annual precipitation at Fort Dodge is 31.21 inches, of which more than 3 inches normally occurs during each of the months May, June, July, August, and September. The average number of growing days is 150. The warmest month generally is July; during December, January, and February the average temperature normally is below freezing.
The upland area, comprising over 80 percent of the county, is mostly a gently undulating, slightly eroded glacial-drift plain. Morainal hills of low relief occur in the extreme southern and northern parts of the county. The Des Moines River flows through the county from north to south and, together with its tributaries, drains the entire county except the southwestern part, which is tributary to the Raccoon River. The Des Moines River has cut a deep, narrow valley about 90 feet below the upland in the northern part of the county and about 220 feet below the upland in the southern part. The tributary streams commonly have shallow valleys more than a few miles back from the Des Moines River.
Glacial deposits of Pleistocene age, ranging in thickness from 50 feet in the north to 175 feet in the south, mantle the indurated rocks over all the upland area, but indurated rocks ranging in age from Mississippian to Cretaceous are exposed in places along the valleys of the Des Moines River and its tributaries.
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