The purpose of this field trip is to explore the relationships between local geology, coastal hazards, and human influences in the northern Monterey Bay, which is a tectonically active high wave energy coastal environment. Seacliffs, shore platforms, pocket beaches and a headland/embayment morphology characterize this rocky coastline. Many studies of the onshore and offshore geology and geophysics, the local wave climate, and the effects of large storm events and earthquakes on the coastline have been conducted in this region (see Related Reading section).
This field trip summarizes many of the findings of these research investigations, and also considers the relationship between the rates and styles of seacliff erosion and the variations in the local geology. The field trip stops allow the participant to examine seacliff sites of different geological lithologies, geographic orientations, and varying protection from wave attack, and consider how these variables affect not only the rate or magnitude of seacliff retreat but also the styles of retreat. In general the two primary forcing factors in the retreat of seacliffs are marine and terrestrial processes. At the various field trip stops, the relative importance of these processes in shaping the coastline at that particular location will be explored. Where beaches have developed, whether naturally or by emplacement of man-made structures, field trip stops are designed to look at the occurrence of the beaches (why they exist where they do) and to understand the response of the beaches to large storm events. Finally, this trip focuses on the various coastline protection structures that have been built in the area, and their effectiveness in protecting development on the beaches or at the tops of the seacliffs.
The first stop of the trip is the Long Marine Lab facility where the seacliffs are composed of the most resistant geological unit in the area, the Miocene Santa Cruz Mudstone. This stop also includes discussion of some of the interesting geological features associated with this part of the Bay, including the arches at Natural Bridges State Beach. The field trip stops are progressively east and south, moving into the inner Monterey Bay, as well as into the less resistant lithologies of the late Miocene to Pliocene Purisima Formation, and finally the Pleistocene Aromas Sand. The route will follow the coast wherever possible so participants can get a full perspective of the northern Monterey Bay coastline, even where stops have not been planned.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000438","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C., 2000, Geology and coastal hazards in the northern Monterey Bay, California: Field trip guidebook, November 4, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-438, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000438.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400598,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34356.htm"},{"id":281968,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0438/pdf/of00-438.pdf"},{"id":1413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0438/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1137237548828,\n 36.898292702118674\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 36.898292702118674\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 36.98774548156736\n ],\n [\n -122.1137237548828,\n 36.98774548156736\n ],\n [\n -122.1137237548828,\n 36.898292702118674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl","contributorId":89846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31171,"text":"ofr00359 - 2000 - Geologic map and digital database of the Apache Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, Ventura and Kern counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:34:05.744952","indexId":"ofr00359","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-359","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the Apache Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, Ventura and Kern counties, California","docAbstract":"The Apache Canyon 7.5-minute quadrangle is located in southwestern California about 55 km northeast of Santa Barbara and 65 km southwest of Bakersfield. This report presents the results of a geologic mapping investigation of the Apache Canyon quadrangle that was carried out in 1997-1999 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Southern California Areal Mapping Project. This quadrangle was chosen for study because it is in an area of complex, incompletely understood Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of potential importance for regional tectonic interpretations, particularly those involving the San Andreas fault located just northwest of the quadrangle and the Big Pine fault about 10 km to the south. In addition, the quadrangle is notable for its well-exposed sequences of folded Neogene nonmarine strata including the Caliente Formation of Miocene age from which previous workers have collected and described several biostratigraphically significant land-mammal fossil assemblages. During the present study, these strata were mapped in detail throughout the quadrangle to provide an improved framework for possible future paleontologic investigations. The Apache Canyon quadrangle is in the eastern part of the Cuyama 30-minute by 60-minute quadrangle and is largely part of an erosionally dissected terrain known as the Cuyama badlands at the east end of Cuyama Valley. Most of the Apache Canyon quadrangle consists of public lands in the Los Padres National Forest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00359","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., and Cossette, P., 2000, Geologic map and digital database of the Apache Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, Ventura and Kern counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-359, Pamphlet: PDF, 22 p.; Pamphlet: TXT; Metadata; Digital database; Map: 20.37 x 33.33 inches; Cross-section: 26.72 x 20.68 inches; Map: PostScript file; Cross-section: PostScript file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00359.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: PDF, 22 p.; Pamphlet: TXT; Metadata; Digital database; Map: 20.37 x 33.33 inches; Cross-section: 26.72 x 20.68 inches; Map: PostScript file; Cross-section: PostScript file","numberOfPages":"22","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00359.gif"},{"id":281694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/apache1.ps.gz"},{"id":281695,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/apache2.ps"},{"id":110126,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33762.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"33762"},{"id":2678,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281692,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/pdf/of00-359.pdf"},{"id":281693,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/pdf/xsect00-359.pdf"},{"id":281690,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/apache_met.txt"},{"id":281688,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/pdf/apache_expl.pdf"},{"id":281689,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/apache_expl.txt"},{"id":281691,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0359/apache.tar.gz"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County, Ventura County","otherGeospatial":"Apache Canyon, Cuyama Valley, Los Padres National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.375,34.75 ], [ -119.375,34.875 ], [ -119.25,34.875 ], [ -119.25,34.75 ], [ -119.375,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cossette, P. M. 0000-0002-9608-6595","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-6595","contributorId":36586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cossette","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24907,"text":"ofr00322 - 2000 - Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured near the peak of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for 42 water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-25T20:57:54","indexId":"ofr00322","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-322","title":"Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured near the peak of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for 42 water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency within the Spokane River Basin of northern Idaho and eastern Washington included extensive data-collection activities to determine the nature and extent of trace-element contamination within the basin. The U.S. Geological Survey designed and implemented synoptic sampling of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff event at 42 water- quality stations during the 1999 water year. The distribution of the 42 stations was as follows: North Fork Coeur d’Alene River and tributaries, 4 stations; South Fork Coeur d’Alene River, 13 stations; Canyon, Ninemile, and Pine Creeks, 4 stations each; other tributaries to South Fork Coeur d’Alene River, 10 stations; and main stem Coeur d’Alene River, 3 stations. The objective was to synoptically collect discharge and water-quality data in order to significantly improve the estimation of trace-element loads from multiple contributing source areas during the snowmelt-runoff event. Discharge and water-quality data were collected near the peak discharge during late May 1999. Each station was sampled for whole-water recoverable and dissolved concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc.\nThree general concentration levels of cadmium, lead, and zinc were noted among the 42 stations. Dissolved cadmium concentrations were less than 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) at 26 stations, exceeded 10 μg/L at 1 station, and ranged from 1 to 10 μg/L at the remaining 15 stations. Whole-water recoverable cadmium concentrations were less than 1 μg/L at 23 stations, exceeded 10 μg/L at 4 stations, and ranged from 1 to 10 μg/L at the remaining 15 stations. Dissolved lead concentrations were less than 1 μg/L at 22 stations, exceeded 10 μg/L at 7 stations, and ranged from 1 to 10 μg/L at the remaining 13 stations. Whole-water recoverable lead concentrations were less than 10 μg/L at 13 stations, exceeded 500 μg/L at 20 stations, and ranged from 10 to 500 μg/L at the remaining 9 stations. Dis- solved zinc concentrations were less than 10 μg/L at 14 stations, exceeded 500 μg/L at 6 stations, and ranged from 10 to 500 μg/L at the remaining 22 stations. Whole-water recoverable zinc concentrations were less than 10 μg/L at 9 stations, exceeded 500 μg/L at 15 stations, and ranged from 10 to 500 μg/L at the remaining 18 stations.\nThe accounting of tributary loads between two South Fork stations at O’Brien Gulch and Pinehurst revealed differences between dissolved and whole-water recoverable loads, as well as differences among the three trace elements. Tributary loads accounted for an average of 29 percent (range of 27 to 31.6 percent) of the differences in whole-water recoverable loads of the three trace elements between the O’Brien Gulch and Pinehurst stations. This result implies that the main stem of the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River is an important source of sediment-associated trace elements under elevated streamflows. In the case of dissolved loads of cadmium and zinc, the tributary loads accounted for about one-half (range of 47.3 to 55 percent) of the differences between the two South Fork stations. As with whole-water recoverable loads, this result indicates an important source of dissolved cadmium and zinc within the main stem. The picture is much different for dissolved lead loads: About 94 percent of the load difference between the O’Brien Gulch and Pinehurst stations was accounted for by loads from the 13 tributaries.\nThe Coeur d’Alene River near Harrison transported 924 pounds of dissolved lead per day, of which 82.8 pounds came from the South Fork and 11.7 pounds from the North Fork. Only 10.2 percent of the load at Harrison was measured at the Pinehurst and Enaville stations; therefore, a substantial load of dissolved lead is being contributed downstream from the confluence of the North and South Forks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00322","isbn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 2000, Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured near the peak of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for 42 water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-322, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00322.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"67","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262318,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0322/report.pdf"},{"id":262319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0322/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Coeur D'alene River;South Fork Coeur D'alene River;Canyon Creek;Ninemile Creek;Pine Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.9695,47.3499 ], [ -116.9695,47.8014 ], [ -115.4985,47.8014 ], [ -115.4985,47.3499 ], [ -116.9695,47.3499 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23469,"text":"ofr00506 - 2000 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:32:55.643478","indexId":"ofr00506","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-506","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"In April 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established 211 gravity stations in the Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat area of west-central Nevada (see figure 1). The stations were located about 15 miles north of Reno, Nevada, southwest of Dogskin Mountain, and east of Petersen Mountain, concentrated in Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat (figure 2). The ranges in this area primarily consist of normal-faulted Cretaceous granitic rocks, with some volcanic and metavolcanic rocks.\n\nThe purpose of the survey was to characterize the hydrogeologic framework of Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat in support of future hydrologic investigations. The information developed during this study can be used in groundwater models.\n\nGravity data were collected between latitude 39°37.5' and 40°00' N and longitude 119°37.5' and 120°00' W. The stations were located on the Seven Lakes Mountain, Dogskin Mountain, Granite Peak, Bedell Flat, Fraser Flat, and Reno NE 7.5 minute quadrangles. All data were tied to secondary base station RENO-A located on the campus of the University of Nevada at Reno (UNR) in Reno, Nevada (latitude 39°32.30' N, longitude 119°48.70' W, observed gravity value 979674.69 mGal). The value for observed gravity was calculated by multiple ties to the base station RENO (latitude 39°32.30' N, longitude 119°48.70' W, observed gravity value 979674.65 mGal), also on the UNR campus. The isostatic gravity map (figure 3) includes additional data sets from the following sources: 202 stations from a Geological Survey digital data set (Ponce, 1997), and 126 stations from Thomas C. Carpenter (written commun., 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00506","usgsCitation":"Jewel, E.B., Ponce, D.A., and Morin, R.L., 2000, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-506, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00506.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/pdf/of00-506.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34762.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley, Bedell Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -119.625,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -119.625,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 39.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jewel, Eleanore B.","contributorId":91787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewel","given":"Eleanore","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22725,"text":"ofr00472 - 2000 - Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-25T21:45:08","indexId":"ofr00472","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-472","title":"Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency within the Spokane River Basin of northern Idaho and eastern Washington included extensive data-collection activities to determine the nature and extent of trace-element contamination within the basin. As part of the investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey designed and implemented a sampling program to assess sediment transport in the Coeur d’Alene River Basin. Suspended and bedload sediments were sampled at four stations at or near base flow and at eight stations during low, moderate, and high discharge conditions between February 1999 and April 2000.\nThe concentrations and loads of suspended and bedload sediment at all stations were directly related to stream discharge. To quantify these relationships, a power function was used to develop sediment-transport curves at all stations. Although the transport curves for most of the stations indicate a good log-log relationship between stream discharge and suspended- and bedload-sediment discharge, there was a fair amount of scatter about the best-fit regression at most stations. For suspended-sediment discharge, the scatter can be primarily attributed to a hysteresis effect in the concentration of suspended sediment as stream discharge rises and falls. The effects of hysteresis on bedload-sediment discharge were difficult to assess because of a paucity of samples collected over the stream hydrograph.\nAt most of the stations, and at the stream discharges sampled, the transport characteristics for fine- and sand-sized suspended sediment were similar. However, at the two main-stem Coeur d’Alene River stations, Rose Lake and Harrison, the suspended-sediment load was primarily composed of fine-grained sediment at stream discharges of less than 15,000 cubic feet per second. These two stations are characterized by relatively slow water velocities, which appear to be insufficient to transport sand-sized sediment at lower stream discharge.\nAt most of the stations, and at the stream discharges sampled, the bedload was primarily composed of material greater than 2 millimeters in diameter, the break between sand and gravel. A predominance of sand-sized bedload was noted at only a few stations, and generally only during low stream discharge. The particle-size distribution of bedload sediment at most stations became proportionately coarser as stream discharge increased. During the peak of snowmelt runoff for water years 1999 and 2000, gravel-sized material between 2 and 64 millimeters in diameter comprised more than 70 percent of the bedload transport at most stations. However, at the station on the Coeur d’Alene River at Rose Lake, the bedload was predominantly composed of fine-grained material of less than 1 millimeter in diameter for all measured stream discharges. The slow water velocities at Rose Lake accounted for the predominance of fine-grained sediment transport.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00472","isbn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., and Woods, P.F., 2000, Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-472, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00472.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262314,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0472/report.pdf"},{"id":262315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0472/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Harrison","otherGeospatial":"Rose Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.9914,47.0794 ], [ -116.9914,47.9947 ], [ -115.493,47.9947 ], [ -115.493,47.0794 ], [ -116.9914,47.0794 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626b8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Greg M.","contributorId":75185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6748,"text":"fs02900 - 2000 - Nitrate concentrations in ground water in the Henrys Fork Basin, eastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-25T18:59:17","indexId":"fs02900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"029-00","title":"Nitrate concentrations in ground water in the Henrys Fork Basin, eastern Idaho","docAbstract":"In 1998 and 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed comprehensive studies of nitrate concentrations in ground water in the Henrys Fork Basin in eastern Idaho (fig. 1A). These studies were done in cooperation with the following agencies or groups: Idaho Division of Environmental Quality (DEQ), District 7 Health Department, Idaho Department of Water Resources (IDWR), Idaho Department of Agriculture (IDAG), Bureau of Reclamation, Henrys Fork Foundation, Fremont County, and Madison County. This Fact Sheet presents selected results of these investigations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs02900","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., 2000, Nitrate concentrations in ground water in the Henrys Fork Basin, eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 029-00, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02900.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34118,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Teton;Madison;Fremont","city":"Menan Buttes;Ashton;Rexburg","otherGeospatial":"Fall River;Teton River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.9987,43.504 ], [ -111.9987,44.5011 ], [ -111.0565,44.5011 ], [ -111.0565,43.504 ], [ -111.9987,43.504 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31155,"text":"ofr00222 - 2000 - Geologic map database of the El Mirage Lake area, San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:30:44.132683","indexId":"ofr00222","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-222","title":"Geologic map database of the El Mirage Lake area, San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties, California","docAbstract":"This geologic map database for the El Mirage Lake area describes geologic materials for the dry lake, parts of the adjacent Shadow Mountains and Adobe Mountain, and much of the piedmont extending south from the lake upward toward the San Gabriel Mountains. This area lies within the western Mojave Desert of San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties, southeastern California. The area is traversed by a few paved highways that service the community of El Mirage, and by numerous dirt roads that lead to outlying properties. An off-highway vehicle area established by the Bureau of Land Management encompasses the dry lake and much of the land north and east of the lake. The physiography of the area consists of the dry lake, flanking mud and sand flats and alluvial piedmonts, and a few sharp craggy mountains.\n\nThis digital geologic map database, intended for use at 1:24,000-scale, describes and portrays the rock units and surficial deposits of the El Mirage Lake area. The map database was prepared to aid in a water-resource assessment of the area by providing surface geologic information with which deepergroundwater-bearing units may be understood. The area mapped covers the Shadow Mountains SE and parts of the Shadow Mountains, Adobe Mountain, and El Mirage 7.5-minute quadrangles. The map includes detailed geology of surface and bedrock deposits, which represent a significant update from previous bedrock geologic maps by Dibblee (1960) and Troxel and Gunderson (1970), and the surficial geologic map of Ponti and Burke (1980); it incorporates a fringe of the detailed bedrock mapping in the Shadow Mountains by Martin (1992). The map data were assembled as a digital database using ARC/INFO to enable wider applications than traditional paper-product geologic maps and to provide for efficient meshing with other digital data bases prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey's Southern California Areal Mapping Project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00222","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., and Bedford, D., 2000, Geologic map database of the El Mirage Lake area, San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-222, Report: PDF, 27 p., TXT file, EPS file; 6 Metadata files; Complete digital package; 3 Plates: 40.03 x 50.03 inches and smaller; 3 EPS.GZ files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00222.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 27 p., TXT file, EPS file; 6 Metadata files; Complete digital package; 3 Plates: 40.03 x 50.03 inches and smaller; 3 EPS.GZ files","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00222.gif"},{"id":281570,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/pdf/of00-222_5c.pdf"},{"id":281569,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/pdf/of00-222_5b.pdf"},{"id":281568,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/pdf/of00-222_5a.pdf"},{"id":281567,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/of00-222_3i.tar.gz"},{"id":281566,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/of00-222_4e.xml"},{"id":281565,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/of00-222_4d.sgml"},{"id":281564,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/of00-222_4b.html"},{"id":281563,"rank":8,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/of00-222_4c.html"},{"id":281562,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/of00-222_4a.txt"},{"id":281561,"rank":10,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/of00-222revs1.txt"},{"id":281560,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/pdf/of00-222_2c.pdf"},{"id":281559,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0222/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County;Los Angeles County","otherGeospatial":"El Mirage Lake Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.691,34.5 ], [ -117.691,34.734 ], [ -117.5,34.734 ], [ -117.5,34.5 ], [ -117.691,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26811,"text":"wri004279 - 2000 - Shoals and valley plugs in the Hatchie River watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri004279","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4279","title":"Shoals and valley plugs in the Hatchie River watershed","docAbstract":"Agricultural land use and gully erosion have historically contributed more sediment to the streams of the Hatchie River watershed than those streams can carry. In 1970, the main sedimentation problem in the watershed occurred in the tributary flood plains. This problem motivated channelization projects (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1970). By the mid-1980's, concern had shifted to sedimentation in the Hatchie River itself where channelized tributaries were understood to contribute much of the sediment. The Soil Conservation Service [Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) since 1996] estimated that 640,000 tons of bedload (sand) accumulates in the Hatchie River each year and identified roughly the eastern two-thirds of the watershed, where loess is thin or absent, as the main source of sand (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1986a). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the West Tennessee River Basin Authority (WTRBA), conducted a study of sediment accumulation in the Hatchie River and its tributaries. This report identifies the types of tributaries and evaluates sediment, shoal formation, and valley-plug problems. The results presented here may contribute to a better understanding of similar problems in West Tennessee and the rest of the southeastern coastal plain. This information also will help the WTRBA manage sedimentation and erosion problems in the Hatchie River watershed.The source of the Mississippi section of the Hatchie River is in the sand hills southwest of Corinth, Mississippi (fig. 1). This section of the Hatchie River flows northward in an artificial drainage canal, gathering water from tributary streams that also are channelized. The drainage canal ends 2 miles south of the Tennessee State line. The Tennessee section of the Hatchie River winds north and west in a meandering natural channel to the Mississippi River. Although most of the Hatchie River tributaries are also drainage canals, the river's main stem has kept most of its natural character. The Hatchie River flows through a wide valley bottom occupied mostly by riverine wetland. Historically, the valley bottom has supported hardwood forests. Since publication of the first Hatchie River report (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1970), the channel of the river has become shallower, and flooding has increased (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1986b). These wetter conditions inhibit growth of hardwoods and lead to premature hardwood mortality. The NRCS has predicted that despite efforts to control erosion in the uplands, most of the valley-bottom forest will die. '...swamping may be so prevalent as to change most of the Hatchie River Basin flood plain into a marsh condition, with the only remnants of the present bottomland hardwood timber remaining. (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1986b) Loss of channel depth has been concentrated in short reaches near tributary mouths. At the mouths of Richland, Porters, Clover, and Muddy Creeks, navigation has become difficult for recreational users (Johnny Carlin, West Tennessee River Basin Authority, oral commun., 1998).As the low-gradient alluvial system of the Hatchie River accumulates sediment, another common outcome has been the formation of valley plugs, areas where 'channels are filled with sediment, and all the additional bedload brought downstream is then spread out over the flood plain until a new channel has been formed' (Happ, 1975). Valley plugs typically form where the slope of a sand-laden tributary decreases downstream, or where the tributary joins its parent stream (Happ and others, 1940; Diehl, 1994, 1997; Smith and Diehl, 2000). ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004279","usgsCitation":"Diehl, T.H., 2000, Shoals and valley plugs in the Hatchie River watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4279, 1 folded sheet; 8 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004279.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet; 8 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004279","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diehl, Timothy H. 0000-0001-9691-2212 thdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-2212","contributorId":546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Timothy","email":"thdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27720,"text":"wri004116 - 2000 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and stormwater-sediment chemistry of the Grande Wash area, Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, Maricopa County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T07:14:01","indexId":"wri004116","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4116","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and stormwater-sediment chemistry of the Grande Wash area, Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, Maricopa County, Arizona","docAbstract":"Grande Wash is a tributary of the Verde River and drains an area of 13 square miles within the\nMcDowell Mountains and the Town of Fountain Hills in Central Arizona. The wash enters the\nFort McDowell Indian Reservation at the eastern boundary of Fountain Hills and is incised in coarse-grained\nalluvium that is contiguous with the alluvial aquifer along the Verde River. The aquifer is used by\nthe Fort McDowell Indian Community and the City of Phoenix for municipal water supplies. Episodic\nflows in Grande Wash, in response to storms, carry potentially hazardous runoff from Fountain Hills onto\nthe reservation. Additional potential hazards to ground water include contamination from a wastewater-treatment\nplant located less than 1 mile upstream from the reservation boundary, and from a landfill and a\ncement-processing plant immediately adjacent to the main channel of the wash.
\nCoarse-grained deposits in Grande Wash also include recent stream-channel deposits, soil backfill,\nlandfill material, and the upper coarse-grained layer of basin-fill sediments. Surface-geophysical surveys\nand drilling indicated that the coarse-grained deposits are less than 60-feet thick along the wash and in\nadjacent areas within the reservation, and are underlain by a thick clay and silt unit, the base of which is\nbelow the bottom of the deepest monitor well (317 feet below land surface). The coarse-grained deposits\nform the alluvial aquifer beneath Grande Wash.
\nGround water in the alluvial aquifer beneath the wash is shallow and mounded above a less permeable\nclay and silt unit. Depth to water in the aquifer ranges from 1 to 22 feet below land surface. Saturation of\nthe coarse-grained deposits does not extend laterally for more than about 1,000 feet from the main\nchannel of Grande Wash; the extent varies in response to recharge amounts.
\nFlux of ground water through the alluvial aquifer beneath the wash is toward the Verde River and is\nestimated to be about 8,000 cubic feet per day (about 0.2 acre-feet per day). The flow rate is four orders of\nmagnitude less than the flow rate in the Verde River. Vertical flux of ground water through the underlying\nclay and silt unit is estimated to be 7,000 cubic feet per day (0.17 acre-feet per day). The volume of\nground water in storage in the alluvial aquifer beneath Grande Wash is estimated to be about 5.6 million\ncubic feet (129 acre-feet).
\nConcentrations of dissolved inorganic constituents in ground water and surface water are high relative\nto concentrations found in the regional aquifer in surrounding areas and are indicative of salts that can be\nexpected to be mobilized by runoff in the drainage area. Concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and sulfate\nare near U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Primary or Secondary Drinking-Water Regulations. Concentrations of arsenic, antimony, and\nstrontium are below drinking-water standards but\ncan be attributed to geologic deposits in and near\nthe study area.
\nLow concentrations of anthropogenic\ncompounds, including chloroform and\ndichlorobromomethane, were detected. These\ncompounds are disinfection by-products of\nchlorinated water.
\nEight pesticide compounds were detected in\nthe surface water, and two pesticide compounds\nwere detected in the ground water. Pesticide\nconcentrations were below U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency Maximum Contaminant\nLevels. Several other organic anthropogenic\ncompounds that probably originated from\ncommercial activities in the area were detected but\nat concentrations below laboratory calibration\nstandards.
\nConcentrations of trace metals in the\nstormwater sediment collected from the sediment\nretention basin in the lowest part of the wash were\nlow and several were below the laboratory’s\ndetection limits. Concentrations of most organic\ncompounds in the stormwater sediment were\nbelow detection limits. Organic compounds\npresent at concentrations above detection limits\nwere p-cresol and two phthalate esters—bis\n(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate.\nP-cresol is used in pesticides or in disinfectants\nand deodorizers, and phthalate esters are\ncommonly used in plastics, hydraulic fluid, and\nelectric capacitors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri004116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J.P., 2000, Hydrogeology, water quality, and stormwater-sediment chemistry of the Grande Wash area, Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, Maricopa County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4116, iv, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004116.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288389,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4116/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Mcdowell Indian Reservation;Grande Wash","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.75,33.583333 ], [ -111.75,33.833333 ], [ -111.5,33.833333 ], [ -111.5,33.583333 ], [ -111.75,33.583333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6147dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27983,"text":"wri004219 - 2000 - Monthly variability and possible sources of nitrate in ground water beneath mixed agricultural land use, Suwannee and Lafayette Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:24:51","indexId":"wri004219","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4219","title":"Monthly variability and possible sources of nitrate in ground water beneath mixed agricultural land use, Suwannee and Lafayette Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"In an area of mixed agricultural land use in Suwannee and Lafayette Counties of northern Florida, water samples were collected monthly from 14 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 1998 through June 1999 to assess hydrologic and land-use factors affecting the variability in nitrate concentrations in ground water. Unusually high amounts of rainfall in September and October 1998 (43.5 centimeters total for both months) resulted in an increase in water levels in all wells in October 1998. This was followed by unusually low amounts of rainfall during November 1998 through May 1999, when rainfall was 40.7 centimeters below 30-year mean monthly values. The presence of karst features (sinkholes, springs, solution conduits) and the highly permeable sands that overlie the Upper Floridan aquifer provide for rapid movement of water containing elevated nitrate concentrations to the aquifer. Nitrate was the dominant form of nitrogen in ground water collected at all sites and nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.02 to 22 milligrams per liter (mg/L), as nitrogen. Water samples from most wells showed substantial monthly or seasonal fluctuations in nitrate concentrations. Generally, water samples from wells with nitrate concentrations higher than 10 mg/L showed the greatest amount of monthly fluctuation. For example, water samples from six of eight wells had monthly nitrate concentrations that varied by at least 5 mg/L during the study period. Water from most wells with lower nitrate concentrations (less than 6 mg/L) also showed large monthly fluctuations. For instance, nitrate concentrations in water from four sites showed monthly variations of more than 50 percent. Large fluctuations in nitrate concentrations likely result from seasonal agricultural practices (fertilizer application and animal waste spreading) at a particular site. For example, an increase in nitrate concentrations observed in water samples from seven sites in February or March 1999 most likely results from application of synthetic fertilizers during the late winter months. Lower nitrate concentrations were detected in water samples from five of eight wells sampled during high-flow conditions for the Suwannee River in March 1998 compared to low-flow conditions in November 1998. Evidence for reduction of nitrate due to denitrification reactions was observed at one site (AC-1), as indicated by elevated concentrations of nitrogen gas and a corresponding increase in nitrogen isotope (d15N-NO3) values with a decrease in nitrate concentrations. Denitrification is unlikely at other sites based on the presence of dissolved oxygen concentrations greater than 2 mg/L in ground water and no observed trend between nitrate concentrations and values d15N-NO3 values. Nitrate was the dominant nitrogen species in most monthly rainfall samples; however, ammonium concentrations were similar or greater than nitrate during November and December 1998. During February through May 1999, both nitrate and ammonium concentrations were substantially higher in monthly rainfall samples collected at the study area compared to mean monthly concentrations at the Bradford Forest site located east of the study area, which is part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network. Also, higher nitrogen deposition rates in the study area compared to those at Bradford Forest could indicate that substantial amounts of ammonia are volatilized from fertilizers and animal wastes, released to the atmosphere, and incorporated as nitrate and ammonium in rainfall deposited in the middle Suwannee River Basin. Ground-water samples from most sites had d15N-NO3 values that indicated a mixture of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen, which corresponded to multiple land uses where both synthetic fertilizers and manure are used on fields near these sites. Distinct d15N-NO3 signatures, however, were observed at some sites. For example, water samples from areas of row-crop farmin","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004219","usgsCitation":"Katz, B.G., and Böhlke, J., 2000, Monthly variability and possible sources of nitrate in ground water beneath mixed agricultural land use, Suwannee and Lafayette Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4219, iv, 28 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004219.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Suwannee County, Lafayette County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.8803,29.8868],[-82.8772,29.8858],[-82.8751,29.8808],[-82.8774,29.8716],[-82.8758,29.8666],[-82.878,29.862],[-82.8887,29.8498],[-82.8938,29.826],[-82.9038,29.8243],[-82.9107,29.8207],[-82.9185,29.8239],[-82.9206,29.8244],[-82.9427,29.8242],[-82.9553,29.8243],[-82.9553,29.8252],[-82.9811,29.825],[-83.0011,29.8252],[-83.1889,29.8235],[-83.2352,29.823],[-83.2562,29.8231],[-83.2804,29.8228],[-83.3135,29.8226],[-83.3193,29.8226],[-83.3346,29.8227],[-83.353,29.8223],[-83.3529,29.8311],[-83.353,29.8878],[-83.3714,29.8879],[-83.3708,29.8957],[-83.3708,29.9012],[-83.3706,29.9209],[-83.3705,29.9452],[-83.3702,29.9836],[-83.3703,30.0331],[-83.3697,30.0422],[-83.368,30.1969],[-83.3668,30.2147],[-83.3671,30.2413],[-83.367,30.2605],[-83.3553,30.2604],[-83.3046,30.2606],[-83.2501,30.2602],[-83.2396,30.2602],[-83.2369,30.262],[-83.2405,30.267],[-83.2314,30.2853],[-83.2335,30.2908],[-83.2302,30.2971],[-83.2249,30.3021],[-83.2132,30.3066],[-83.21,30.3116],[-83.2147,30.319],[-83.2146,30.3227],[-83.2082,30.3299],[-83.2108,30.3359],[-83.2134,30.3446],[-83.2096,30.3501],[-83.2043,30.3509],[-83.1985,30.3482],[-83.19,30.3517],[-83.1942,30.3573],[-83.192,30.365],[-83.193,30.3696],[-83.1919,30.3751],[-83.178,30.3841],[-83.1711,30.3855],[-83.1658,30.3914],[-83.1663,30.3946],[-83.1636,30.4023],[-83.1588,30.405],[-83.1598,30.4114],[-83.1538,30.4183],[-83.1475,30.42],[-83.1427,30.4241],[-83.1395,30.425],[-83.1342,30.4218],[-83.1283,30.429],[-83.1155,30.4331],[-83.1023,30.4352],[-83.0874,30.4374],[-83.08,30.4415],[-83.0753,30.4309],[-83.0706,30.4263],[-83.0562,30.4303],[-83.0398,30.4315],[-83.0276,30.43],[-83.0145,30.423],[-83.0081,30.4239],[-83.0043,30.4298],[-82.9995,30.4302],[-82.9879,30.4274],[-82.98,30.4214],[-82.9716,30.4208],[-82.9616,30.4157],[-82.9516,30.4106],[-82.9453,30.4028],[-82.9379,30.4008],[-82.9327,30.3953],[-82.928,30.3907],[-82.9164,30.3874],[-82.9085,30.3832],[-82.9032,30.3854],[-82.8973,30.3885],[-82.8899,30.3857],[-82.89,30.3807],[-82.8906,30.3725],[-82.8748,30.3664],[-82.8686,30.3613],[-82.8606,30.3594],[-82.8533,30.3547],[-82.8502,30.3469],[-82.8429,30.3432],[-82.836,30.3435],[-82.8291,30.3467],[-82.8238,30.3434],[-82.8175,30.3411],[-82.8101,30.3392],[-82.8053,30.3437],[-82.7984,30.3422],[-82.7948,30.3367],[-82.7944,30.0781],[-82.7941,29.9861],[-82.7852,29.9865],[-82.782,29.9865],[-82.7783,29.9864],[-82.7641,29.9867],[-82.7604,29.9867],[-82.7594,29.9798],[-82.759,29.9752],[-82.7623,29.9647],[-82.7735,29.9589],[-82.7792,29.9585],[-82.783,29.9549],[-82.7856,29.9549],[-82.7899,29.9481],[-82.7894,29.9467],[-82.7921,29.9444],[-82.7916,29.9422],[-82.7991,29.9363],[-82.8007,29.9322],[-82.8096,29.9318],[-82.8187,29.9255],[-82.8273,29.916],[-82.8347,29.9128],[-82.8473,29.9134],[-82.8579,29.9122],[-82.8642,29.9081],[-82.867,29.8985],[-82.8729,29.8927],[-82.8803,29.8868]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lafayette\",\"state\":\"FL\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22053,"text":"ofr00403 - 2000 - Preliminary report on geophysics of the Verde River headwaters region, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:29:21.339322","indexId":"ofr00403","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-403","title":"Preliminary report on geophysics of the Verde River headwaters region, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the acquisition, data processing, and preliminary interpretation of a high-resolution aeromagnetic and radiometric survey near the confluence of the Big and Little Chino basins in the headwaters of the Verde River, Arizona. The goal of the aeromagnetic study is to improve understanding of the geologic framework as it affects groundwater flow, particularly in relation to the occurrence of springs in the upper Verde River headwaters region. Radiometric data were also collected to map surficial rocks and soils, thus aiding geologic mapping of the basin fill. Additional gravity data were collected to enhance existing coverage. \n\nBoth aeromagnetic and gravity data indicate a large gradient along the Big Chino fault, a fault with Quaternary movement. Filtered aeromagnetic data show other possible faults within the basin fill and areas where volcanic rocks are shallowly buried. Gravity lows associated with Big Chino and Williamson Valleys indicate potentially significant accumulations of low-density basin fill. The absence of a gravity low associated with Little Chino Valley indicates that high-density rocks are shallow. \n\nThe radiometric maps show higher radioactivity associated with the Tertiary latites and with the sediments derived from them. The surficial materials on the eastern side of the Big Chino Valley are significantly lower in radioactivity and reflect the materials derived from the limestone and basalt east of the valley. The dividing line between the low radioactivity materials to the east and the higher radioactiviy materials to the west coincides approximately with the major drainage system of the valley, locally known as Big Chino Wash. This feature is remarkably straight and is approximately parallel to the Big Chino Fault. The uranium map shows large areas with concentrations greater than 5 ppm eU, and we expect that these areas will have a significantly higher risk potential for indoor radon.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00403","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Duval, J.S., Wirt, L., and DeWitt, E., 2000, Preliminary report on geophysics of the Verde River headwaters region, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-403, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00403.","productDescription":"28 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51510,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0403/pdf/of00-403n.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0403/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0403/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.800407,34.606650 ], [ -112.800407,35.159775 ], [ -112.200279,35.159775 ], [ -112.200279,34.606650 ], [ -112.800407,34.606650 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duval, J. S.","contributorId":15200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28736,"text":"wri004026 - 2000 - Simulation of ground-water flow in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer at Marathon, Cortland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:51:32","indexId":"wri004026","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4026","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer at Marathon, Cortland County, New York","docAbstract":"The Village of Marathon, in Cortland County, N.Y., has three municipal wells that tap a relatively thin (25 to 40 feet thick) and narrow (less than 0.25 mile wide) unconfined sand and gravel aquifer in the Tioughnioga River valley. Only one of the wells is in use because water from one well has been contaminated by petroleum chemicals from a leaking storage tank, and water from the other well contains high concentrations of manganese. The operating well pumps about 0.1 million gallons per day and supplies about 1,000 people.
A three-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water-flow model was used to (1) compute hydraulic heads in the aquifer under steady-state conditions, (2) develop a water budget, and (3) delineate the areas contributing recharge to two simulated wells that represent two of the municipal wells: one 57 feet east of the Tioughnioga River, the other 4,000 feet to the south and 75 feet from a man-made pond. The water budget for simulated long-term average, steady-state conditions with two simulated pumping wells indicates that the principal sources of recharge to the unconfined aquifer are unchanneled runoff and ground-water inflow from the uplands (41 percent of total recharge), precipitation that falls directly on the aquifer (34 percent), and stream leakage (23 percent). Only 2 percent of the recharge to the aquifer is from ground-water underflow into the northern end of the modeled area. Most of the simulated groundwater discharge from the modeled area (78 percent of total discharge) is to the Tioughnioga River; the rest discharges to the two simulated wells (19 percent) and as underflow at the southern end of the modeled area (3 percent).
Results of a particle-tracking analysis indicate that the aquifer contributing area of the northern (simulated) well is 0.10 mile wide and 0.15 mile long and encompasses 0.015 square miles; the contributing area of the southern (simulated) well is 0.20 mile wide and 0.11 mile long and encompasses 0.022 square miles. The average traveltime of ground water from the valley wall to either simulated well is about 1.5 years, calculated on the basis of an assumed aquifer porosity of 0.3. The flowpath analysis indicates that both contributing areas contain surface-water sources of recharge; the Tioughnioga River and Hunts Creek contribute water to the northern well, and a pond and a small tributary contribute water to the southern well.
Ground-water temperature in an observation well between the Tioughnioga River and the municipal well fluctuated several degrees Fahrenheit in response to pumping of the municipal well. This temperature fluctuation, in conjunction with the pumping well causing a ground-water gradient from the Tioughnioga River to the pumping well (ground-water levels in the pumping well were generally greater than 3 ft lower than that of the Tioughnioga River), indicate that there is a hydraulic connection between the river and aquifer at this site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cortland County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.S., 2000, Simulation of ground-water flow in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer at Marathon, Cortland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4026, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004026.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4026/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2301,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4026/wri20004026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4026"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"United States Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00358","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., and Polloni, C.F., 2000, USGS East-Coast sediment analysis: Procedures, database, and georeferenced displays: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-358, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00358.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34837.htm"},{"id":154420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1332,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-358/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.02734375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 24.686952411999155\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 42.94033923363181\n ],\n [\n -67.1484375,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -68.02734375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":187762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Polloni, C. F.","contributorId":13618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polloni","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29968,"text":"wri004130 - 2000 - Trends in precipitation and streamflow and changes in stream morphology in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 1939-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T18:37:44.271355","indexId":"wri004130","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4130","title":"Trends in precipitation and streamflow and changes in stream morphology in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 1939-99","docAbstract":"The Fountain Creek watershed, located in and along the eastern slope of the Front Range section of the southern Rocky Mountains, drains approximately 930 square miles of parts of Teller, El Paso, and Pueblo Counties in eastern Colorado. Streamflow in the watershed is dominated by spring snowmelt runoff and storm runoff during the summer monsoon season. Flooding during the 1990?s has resulted in increased streambank erosion. Property loss and damage associated with flooding and bank erosion has cost area residents, businesses, utilities, municipalities, and State and Federal agencies millions of dollars. Precipitation (4 stations) and streamflow (6 stations) data, aerial photographs, and channel reconnaissance were used to evaluate trends in precipitation and streamflow and changes in channel morphology. Trends were evaluated for pre-1977, post-1976, and period-of-record time periods. Analysis revealed the lack of trend in total annual and seasonal precipitation during the pre-1977 time period. In general, the analysis also revealed the lack of trend in seasonal precipitation for all except the spring season during the post-1976 time period. Trend analysis revealed a significant upward trend in long-term (period of record) total annual and spring precipitation data, apparently due to a change in total annual precipitation throughout the Fountain Creek watershed. During the pre-1977 time period, precipitation was generally below average; during the post- 1976 time period, total annual precipitation was generally above average. During the post- 1976 time period, an upward trend in total annual and spring precipitation was indicated at two stations. Because two of four stations evaluated had upward trends for the post-1976 period and storms that produce the most precipitation are isolated convection storms, it is plausible that other parts of the watershed had upward precipitation trends that could affect trends in streamflow. Also, because of the isolated nature of convection storms that hit some areas of the watershed and not others, it is difficult to draw strong conclusions on relations between streamflow and precipitation. Trends in annual instantaneous peak streamflow, 70th percentile, 90th percentile, maximum daily-mean streamflow (100th percentile), 7-, 14-, and 30-day high daily-mean stream- flow duration, minimum daily-mean streamflow (0th percentile), 10th percentile, 30th percentile, and 7-, 14-, 30-day low daily-mean streamflow duration were evaluated. In general, instantaneous peak streamflow has not changed significantly at most of the stations evaluated. Trend analysis revealed the lack of a significant upward trend in streamflow at all stations for the pre-1977 time period. Trend tests indicated a significant upward trend in high and low daily-mean streamflow statistics for the post-1976 period. Upward trends in high daily-mean streamflow statistics may be an indication that changes in land use within the watershed have increased the rate and magnitude of runoff. Upward trends in low daily-mean 2 Trends in Precipitation and Streamflow and Changes in Stream Morphology in the Fountain Creek Watershed, Colorado, 1939-99 streamflow statistics may be related to changes in water use and management. An analysis of the relation between streamflow and precipitation indicated that changes in water management have had a marked effect on streamflow. Observable change in channel morphology and changes in distribution and density of vegetation varied with magnitude, duration, and frequency of large streamflow events, and increases in the magnitude and duration of low streamflows. Although more subtle, low stream- flows were an important component of day-to-day channel erosion. Substantial changes in channel morphology were most often associated with infrequent large or catastrophic streamflow events that erode streambed and banks, alter stream course, and deposit large amounts of sediment in the flood plain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004130","usgsCitation":"Stogner, 2000, Trends in precipitation and streamflow and changes in stream morphology in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 1939-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4130, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004130.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33858.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4130","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fountain Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 38.264\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 38.264\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 39.083\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 39.083\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 38.264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31170,"text":"ofr00356 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:31:21.339206","indexId":"ofr00356","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-356","title":"Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"The Wildcat Lake quadrangle lies in the forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone, about 20-km east of the Cascadia accretionary complex exposed in the Olympic Mountains (Tabor and Cady, 1978),and about 100-km west of the axis of the Cascades volcanic arc. The quadrangle lies near the middle of the Puget Lowland, which typically has elevations less than 600 feet (183 m), but on Gold Mountain, in the center of the quadrangle, the elevation rises to 1761 feet (537 m). This anomalously high topography also provides a glimpse of the deeper crust beneath the Lowland. Exposed on Green and Gold Mountains are rocks related to the Coast Range basalt terrane. This terrane consists of Eocene submarine and subaerial tholeiitic basalt of the Crescent Formation, which probably accreted to the continental margin in Eocene time (Snavely and others, 1968). The Coast Range basalt terrane may have originated as an oceanic plateau or by oblique marginal rifting (Babcock and others, 1992), but its subsequent emplacement history is complex (Wells and others, 1984). In southern Oregon, onlapping strata constrain the suturing to have occurred by 50 Ma; but on southern Vancouver Island where the terrane-bounding Leech River fault is exposed, Brandon and Vance (1992) concluded suturing to North America occurred in the broad interval between 42 and 24 Ma. After emplacement of the Coast Range basalt terrane, the Cascadia accretionary complex,exposed in the Olympic Mountains west of the quadrangle,developed by frontal accretion and underplating (e.g., Clowes and others, 1987). The Seattle basin, part of which lies to the north of Green Mountain, also began to develop in late Eocene time due to forced flexural subsidence along the Seattle fault zone (Johnson and others, 1994). Domal uplift of the accretionary complex beneath the Olympic Mountains occurred after approximately 18 million years ago (Brandon and others, 1998). Ice-sheet glaciation during Quaternary time reshaped the topography of the quadrangle, and approximately two-thirds of the map area is covered with Quaternary deposits related to the last glaciation. Geophysical studies and regional mapping indicate the Seattle fault lies north of Green Mountain. This fault produced a large earthquake about 1000 years ago and may pose a significant earthquake hazard (Bucknam and others, 1992; Atwater and Moore, 1992; Karlin and Abella,1992; Schuster and others, 1992; Jacoby and others, 1992). We found no evidence of Holocene faulting in the Wildcat Lake quadrangle.
Geologic mapping within and marginal to the quadrangle began with Willis (1898), who described glacial deposits in Puget Sound. Weaver (1937) correlated volcanic rocks in the quadrangle to the Eocene Metchosin Volcanics on Vancouver Island. Sceva (1957), Garling and Moleenar (1965), and Deeter (1978) all focused on mapping and understanding the Quaternary stratigraphy of the Kitsap Peninsula, but they also examined bedrock in the quadrangle. Reeve (1979) was the first to examine the igneous rocks on Green and Gold Mountains in some detail, and Clark (1989) significantly improved Reeve's (1979) mapping. Clark's (1989) mapping was conducted soon after extensive logging on the mountains. A surficial geologic map of the Seattle 1:100,000-scale quadrangle, which includes the Wildcat Lake 1:24,000-scale quadrangle, was published by Yount and others (1993). Yount and Gower (1991) also published a bedrock geologic map of the Seattle quadrangle. Geologic mapping for this report was conducted by Haeussler in the spring and summer of 1998 and in the winter of 1999. We could not substantially improve upon the bedrock mapping of Clark (1989) and thus it is incorporated into this map. Well data in the southeastern corner of the map area also helped to constrain the surficial mapping (Geomatrix Consultants, 1997). In addition, 1995 vintage 1:12,000-scale aerial photographs were used in mapping Quaternary deposits. Geologic time scale is that of Berggeren and others (1995).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00356","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., and Clark, K.P., 2000, Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-356, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 37.89 x 34.67 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00356.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 37.89 x 34.67 inches; Metadata","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2000_356.jpg"},{"id":391428,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34290.htm"},{"id":2677,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/of00-356.ps"},{"id":281617,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/pdf/of00-356.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"1927 North American datum","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County, Mason County","otherGeospatial":"Gold Mountain, Olympic Mountains, Wildcat Lake quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.875,47.5 ], [ -122.875,47.625 ], [ -122.75,47.625 ], [ -122.75,47.5 ], [ -122.875,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4823e4b07f02db4e25ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Kenneth P.","contributorId":65513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25907,"text":"wri20004150 - 2000 - Use of borehole geophysical logs for improved site characterization at Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Dallas, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T16:06:23","indexId":"wri20004150","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4150","title":"Use of borehole geophysical logs for improved site characterization at Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Dallas, Texas","docAbstract":"A shallow alluvial aquifer at the Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant near Dallas, Texas, has been contaminated by organic solvents used in the fabrication and assembly of aircraft and aircraft parts. Natural gamma-ray and electromagnetic-induction log data collected during 1997 from 162 wells were integrated with existing lithologic and cone-penetrometer test log data to improve characterization of the subsurface alluvium at the site. The alluvium, consisting of mostly fine-grained, low-permeability sediments, was classified into low, intermediate, and high clay-content sediments on the basis of the gamma-ray logs. Low clay-content sediments were interpreted as being relatively permeable, whereas high clay-content sediments were interpreted as being relatively impermeable. Gamma-ray logs, cone-penetrometer test logs, and electromagnetic-induction logs were used to develop a series of intersecting sections to delineate the spatial distribution of low, intermediate, and high clay-content sediments and to delineate zones of potentially contaminated sediments.
The sections indicate three major sedimentary units in the shallow alluvial aquifer at NWIRP. The lower unit consists of relatively permeable, low clay-content sediments and is absent over the southeastern and northwestern part of the site. Permeable zones in the complex, discontinuous middle unit are present mostly in the western part of the site. In the eastern and southeastern part of the site, the upper unit has been eroded away and replaced by fill material. Zones of potentially contaminated sediments are generally within the uppermost clay layer or fill material. In addition, the zones tend to be local occurrences.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southern Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"Anaya, R., Braun, C.L., and Kuniansky, E.L., 2000, Use of borehole geophysical logs for improved site characterization at Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Dallas, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4150, HTNL Document; Report: iv, 10 p.; 3 Plates: 36 x 20.5 inches or less, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004150.","productDescription":"HTNL Document; Report: iv, 10 p.; 3 Plates: 36 x 20.5 inches or less","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri20004150.JPG"},{"id":12062,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333144,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004150/pdf/00-4150.pdf","text":"Report","size":"533 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":333145,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004150/pdf/pl2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"534 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":333146,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004150/pdf/pl3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"661 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":333143,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004150/pdf/pl1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"348 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","otherGeospatial":"Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,32.71666666666667 ], [ -97,32.75 ], [ -96.96666666666667,32.75 ], [ -96.96666666666667,32.71666666666667 ], [ -97,32.71666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anaya, Roberto","contributorId":10827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anaya","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27948,"text":"wri004177 - 2000 - Estimation and comparison of potential runoff-contributing areas in Kansas using topographic, soil, and land-use information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri004177","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4177","title":"Estimation and comparison of potential runoff-contributing areas in Kansas using topographic, soil, and land-use information","docAbstract":"Digital topographic, soil, and land-use information was used to estimate potential runoff-contributing areas in Kansas. The results were used to compare 91 selected subbasins representing slope, soil, land-use, and runoff variability across the State. Potential runoff-contributing areas were estimated collectively for the processes of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess overland flow using a set of environmental conditions that represented, in relative terms, very high, high, moderate, low, very low, and extremely low potential for runoff. Various rainfall-intensity and soil-permeability values were used to represent the threshold conditions at which infiltration-excess overland flow may occur. Antecedent soil-moisture conditions and a topographic wetness index (TWI) were used to represent the threshold conditions at which saturation-excess overland flow may occur. Land-use patterns were superimposed over the potential runoff-contributing areas for each set of environmental conditions. Results indicated that the very low potential-runoff conditions (soil permeability less than or equal to 1.14 inches per hour and TWI greater than or equal to 14.4) provided the best statewide ability to quantitatively distinguish subbasins as having relatively high, moderate, or low potential for runoff on the basis of the percentage of potential runoff-contributing areas within each subbasin. The very low and (or) extremely low potential-runoff conditions (soil permeability less than or equal to 0.57 inch per hour and TWI greater than or equal to 16.3) provided the best ability to qualitatively compare potential for runoff among areas within individual subbasins. The majority of subbasins with relatively high potential for runoff are located in the eastern half of the State where soil permeability is generally less and precipitation is typically greater. The ability to distinguish subbasins as having relatively high, moderate, or low potential for runoff was possible mostly due to the variability of soil permeability across the State. The spatial distribution of potential contributing areas, in combination with the superimposed land-use patterns, may be used to help identify and prioritize subbasin areas for the implementation of best-management practices to manage runoff and meet Federally mandated total maximum daily load requirements. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004177","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2000, Estimation and comparison of potential runoff-contributing areas in Kansas using topographic, soil, and land-use information: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4177, iv, 55 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004177.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004177","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4177/report.pdf","size":"24458","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4177/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31169,"text":"ofr00351 - 2000 - Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T20:18:19.696676","indexId":"ofr00351","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-351","title":"Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","docAbstract":"The Salem East and Turner 7.5-minute quadrangles are situated in the center of the Willamette Valley near the western margin of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) distribution. The terrain within the area is of low to moderate relief, ranging from about 150 to almost 1,100-ft elevation. Mill Creek flows northward from the Stayton basin (Turner quadrangle) to the northern Willamette Valley (Salem East quadrangle) through a low that dissects the Columbia River basalt that forms the Salem Hills on the west and the Waldo Hills to the east. Approximately eight flows of CRBG form a thickness of up to 700 in these two quadrangles. The Ginkgo intracanyon flow that extends from east to west through the south half of the Turner quadrangle is exposed in the hills along the southeast part of the quadrangle.
Previous geologic mapping by Thayer (1939) and Bela (1981) while providing the general geologic framework did not subdivide the CRBG which limited their ability to delineate structural elements. Reconnaissance mapping of the CRBG units in the Willamette Valley indicated that these stratigraphic units could serve as a series of unique reference horizons for identifying post-Miocene folding and faulting (Beeson and others, 1985,1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990). Crenna, et al. (1994) compiled previous mapping in the Willamette Valley in a study of the tectonics of the Salem area.
The major emphasis of this study was to identify and map CRBG units within the Salem East and Turner Quadrangles and to utilize this detailed CRBG stratigraphy to identify and characterize structural features. Water well logs were used to provide better subsurface stratigraphic control. Three other quadrangles (Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE) in the Willamette Valley have been mapped in this way (Tolan and Beeson, 1999).
This area was a lowland area of weathered and eroded marine sedimentary when the Columbia River basalts encroached on this area approximately 15-16 m.y. ago. An incipient Coast Range apparently stopped or diverted the fluid lava flows from moving much farther westward toward the coast at this latitude. It is assumed also that an ancestral Willamette River flowed northward through this low-lying area so that water was present as streams and ponds along the flood plain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00351","usgsCitation":"Tolan, T.L., Beeson, M.H., and DuRoss, C., 2000, Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-351, 2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00351.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00351.gif"},{"id":2676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281611,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351ps.tar.gz"},{"id":281612,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.tar.gz"},{"id":281613,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.zip"},{"id":281614,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/README.PDF"},{"id":281610,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/tnrfinal.pdf"},{"id":281615,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/slmfinal.pdf"},{"id":110130,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34045.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34045"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Marion County","otherGeospatial":"Mill Creek, Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,44.75 ], [ -123.0,45.0 ], [ -122.875,45.0 ], [ -122.875,44.75 ], [ -123.0,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tolan, Terry L.","contributorId":31029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeson, Marvin H.","contributorId":67937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher B.","contributorId":64298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29329,"text":"wri20004102 - 2000 - Suspended sediment in the Indiana Harbor Canal and the Grand Calumet River, northwestern Indiana, May 1996-June 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T19:38:06.047806","indexId":"wri20004102","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4102","title":"Suspended sediment in the Indiana Harbor Canal and the Grand Calumet River, northwestern Indiana, May 1996-June 1998","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment samples and streamflow data were collected from May 1996 through June 1998 at three sites in the Grand Calumet River Basin - Indiana Harbor Canal at East Chicago, the east branch of the Grand Calumet River at Gary, and the west branch of the Grand Calumet River at Hammond. Sample analysis allowed for retention of sediments of 0.0015 millimeters or larger.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the US Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Renn, D.E., 2000, Suspended sediment in the Indiana Harbor Canal and the Grand Calumet River, northwestern Indiana, May 1996-June 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4102, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004102.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","startPage":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-05-01","temporalEnd":"1998-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410642,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34801.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri00-4102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Harbor Canal, Grand Calumet River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.563,\n 41.583\n ],\n [\n -87.563,\n 41.6667\n ],\n [\n -87.25,\n 41.6667\n ],\n [\n -87.25,\n 41.583\n ],\n [\n -87.563,\n 41.583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renn, Danny E.","contributorId":14808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renn","given":"Danny","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29355,"text":"wri004135 - 2000 - Methods for estimating low-flow statistics for Massachusetts streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri004135","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4135","title":"Methods for estimating low-flow statistics for Massachusetts streams","docAbstract":"Methods and computer software are described in this report for determining flow duration, low-flow frequency statistics, and August median flows. These low-flow statistics can be estimated for unregulated streams in Massachusetts using different methods depending on whether the location of interest is at a streamgaging station, a low-flow partial-record station, or an ungaged site where no data are available. Low-flow statistics for streamgaging stations can be estimated using standard U.S. Geological Survey methods described in the report. The MOVE.1 mathematical method and a graphical correlation method can be used to estimate low-flow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations. The MOVE.1 method is recommended when the relation between measured flows at a partial-record station and daily mean flows at a nearby, hydrologically similar streamgaging station is linear, and the graphical method is recommended when the relation is curved. Equations are presented for computing the variance and equivalent years of record for estimates of low-flow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations when either a single or multiple index stations are used to determine the estimates. The drainage-area ratio method or regression equations can be used to estimate low-flow statistics for ungaged sites where no data are available. The drainage-area ratio method is generally as accurate as or more accurate than regression estimates when the drainage-area ratio for an ungaged site is between 0.3 and 1.5 times the drainage area of the index data-collection site. Regression equations were developed to estimate the natural, long-term 99-, 98-, 95-, 90-, 85-, 80-, 75-, 70-, 60-, and 50-percent duration flows; the 7-day, 2-year and the 7-day, 10-year low flows; and the August median flow for ungaged sites in Massachusetts. Streamflow statistics and basin characteristics for 87 to 133 streamgaging stations and low-flow partial-record stations were used to develop the equations. The streamgaging stations had from 2 to 81 years of record, with a mean record length of 37 years. The low-flow partial-record stations had from 8 to 36 streamflow measurements, with a median of 14 measurements. All basin characteristics were determined from digital map data. The basin characteristics that were statistically significant in most of the final regression equations were drainage area, the area of stratified-drift deposits per unit of stream length plus 0.1, mean basin slope, and an indicator variable that was 0 in the eastern region and 1 in the western region of Massachusetts. The equations were developed by use of weighted-least-squares regression analyses, with weights assigned proportional to the years of record and inversely proportional to the variances of the streamflow statistics for the stations. Standard errors of prediction ranged from 70.7 to 17.5 percent for the equations to predict the 7-day, 10-year low flow and 50-percent duration flow, respectively. The equations are not applicable for use in the Southeast Coastal region of the State, or where basin characteristics for the selected ungaged site are outside the ranges of those for the stations used in the regression analyses. A World Wide Web application was developed that provides streamflow statistics for data collection stations from a data base and for ungaged sites by measuring the necessary basin characteristics for the site and solving the regression equations. Output provided by the Web application for ungaged sites includes a map of the drainage-basin boundary determined for the site, the measured basin characteristics, the estimated streamflow statistics, and 90-percent prediction intervals for the estimates. An equation is provided for combining regression and correlation estimates to obtain improved estimates of the streamflow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations. An equation is also provided for combining regression and drainage-area ratio estimates to obtain improved e","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004135","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., and Friesz, P.J., 2000, Methods for estimating low-flow statistics for Massachusetts streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4135, v, 81 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004135.","productDescription":"v, 81 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004135","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a1ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friesz, Paul J. 0000-0002-4660-2336 pfriesz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-2336","contributorId":1075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesz","given":"Paul","email":"pfriesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30868,"text":"wri004152 - 2000 - Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the Galena-Platteville aquifer in the vicinity of the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund Site, Belvidere, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T20:47:44.065881","indexId":"wri004152","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4152","displayTitle":"Geology, Hydrology, and Ground-Water Quality of the Galena-Platteville Aquifer in the Vicinity of the Parson’s Casket Hardware Superfund Site, Belvidere, Illinois","title":"Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the Galena-Platteville aquifer in the vicinity of the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund Site, Belvidere, Illinois","docAbstract":"The geology, hydrology, and distribution of contaminants in the Galena-Platteville aquifer in the vicinity of the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site in northeastern Belvidere, Ill., were characterized on the basis of data collected from boreholes using geophysical logging and packer assemblies. Horizontal flow in the Galena-Platteville aquifer is affected by a network of subhorizontal fractures that are concentrated in the weathered part of the bedrock, vugs and fractures present from the bottom of the weathered bedrock to the top of a shaley layer at about 662 ft (feet) above sea level, and through a widespread subhorizontal fracture at about 524 ft. Inclined fractures provide pathways for vertical flow within the Galena-Platteville aquifer. Some fractures and flow pathways appear to be affected by the stratigraphy of the Galena-Platteville deposits.
Water-level data indicate the potential for downward flow within the Galena-Platteville aquifer. During periods when pumping in nearby municipal-supply wells is minimal or absent, the direction of flow through the fracture at about 524 ft above sea level is south toward two industrial-supply wells. Flow through the fracture is toward the municipal-supply wells when they are being pumped. Flow in the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer does not appear to be affected by pumping in nearby water-supply wells.
Chlorinated ethenes were the volatile organic compounds detected most often and at the highest concentration in the Galena-Platteville aquifer beneath northeastern Belvidere. Volatile organic compounds are migrating primarily to the southeast toward the Kishwaukee River, with components of movement to the north, east, and west. Volatile organic compound and monitored natural attenuation parameter data indicate reductive dechlorination of some chlorinated ethene compounds is occurring under either nitrate or iron-reducing conditions in the unconsolidated deposits and possibly the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer near the center of the plume. Oxidizing conditions appear to be present at least in the upper part of the aquifer beneath most of the study area, and the occurrence of reductive dechlorination in the Galena-Platteville aquifer beneath most of the area of investigation is not clearly indicated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., 2000, Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the Galena-Platteville aquifer in the vicinity of the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund Site, Belvidere, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4152, v., 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004152.","productDescription":"v., 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37088.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2779,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4152/wrir00_4152.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00–4152"},{"id":161375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4152/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Belvidere","otherGeospatial":"Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.83942963287024,\n 42.27140090664139\n ],\n [\n -88.83942963287024,\n 42.264209787102345\n ],\n [\n -88.82460978475213,\n 42.264209787102345\n ],\n [\n -88.82460978475213,\n 42.27140090664139\n ],\n [\n -88.83942963287024,\n 42.27140090664139\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
In June 1993, the Department of the Navy, Southern Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command (SOUTHDIV), began a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility Investigation (RFI) of the Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant (NWIRP) in north-central Texas. The RFI has found trichloroethene, dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, as well as chromium, lead, and other metallic residuum in the shallow alluvial aquifer underlying NWIRP.
These findings and the possibility of on-site or off-site migration of contaminants prompted the need for a ground-water-flow model of the NWIRP area. The resulting U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) model: (1) defines aquifer properties, (2) computes water budgets, (3) delineates major flowpaths, and (4) simulates hydrologic effects of remediation activity. In addition to assisting with particle-tracking analyses, the calibrated model could support solute-transport modeling as well as help evaluate the effects of potential corrective action. The USGS model simulates steadystate and transient conditions of ground-water flow within a single model layer.
The alluvial aquifer is within fluvial terrace deposits of Pleistocene age, which unconformably overlie the relatively impermeable Eagle Ford Shale of Late Cretaceous age. Over small distances and short periods, finer grained parts of the aquifer are separated hydraulically; however, most of the aquifer is connected circuitously through randomly distributed coarser grained sediments. The top of the underlying Eagle Ford Shale, a regional confining unit, is assumed to be the effective lower limit of ground-water circulation and chemical contamination.
The calibrated steady-state model reproduces long-term average water levels within +5.1 or –3.5 feet of those observed; the standard error of the estimate is 1.07 feet with a mean residual of 0.02 foot. Hydraulic conductivity values range from 0.75 to 7.5 feet per day, and average about 4 feet per day. Specific yield values range from 0.005 to 0.15 and average about 0.08. Simulated infiltration rates range from 0 to 2.5 inches per year, depending mostly on local patterns of ground cover.
Computer simulation indicates that, as of December 31, 1998, remediation systems at NWIRP were removing 7,375 cubic feet of water per day from the alluvial aquifer, with 3,050 cubic feet per day coming from aquifer storage. The resulting drawdown prevented 1,800 cubic feet per day of ground water from discharging into Cottonwood Bay, as well as inducing another 1,325 cubic feet per day into the aquifer from the bay. An additional 1,200 cubic feet of water per day (compared to pre-remediation conditions) was prevented from discharging into the west lagoon, east lagoon, Mountain Creek Lake, and Mountain Creek swale.
Particle-tracking simulations, assuming an aquifer porosity of 0.15, were made to delineate flowpath patterns, or contaminant “capture zones,” resulting from 2.5- and 5-year periods of remediation activity at NWIRP. The resulting flowlines indicate three such zones, or areas from which ground water is simulated to have been removed during July 1996–December 1998, as well as extended areas from which ground water would be removed during the next 2.5 years (January 1999– June 2001).
Simulation indicates that, as of December 31, 1998, the recovery trench was intercepting about 827 cubic feet per day of ground water that—without the trench—would have discharged into Cottonwood Bay. During this time, the trench is simulated to have removed about 3,221 cubic feet per day of water from the aquifer, with about 934 cubic feet per day (29 percent) coming from the south (Cottonwood Bay) side of the trench.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004197","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Department of the Navy, Southern Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"Barker, R.A., and Braun, C.L., 2000, Computer-model analysis of ground-water flow and simulated effects of contaminant remediation at Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Dallas, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4197, HTML Document; Report: v, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 36.5 x 28 inches and 18 x 18.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004197.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: v, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 36.5 x 28 inches and 18 x 18.5 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004197.JPG"},{"id":2782,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333097,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004197/pdf/00-4197.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":333098,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004197/pdf/pl2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"617 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":333099,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004197/pdf/pl1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"578 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.73187255859375,\n 32.560703522325156\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 32.56764789050999\n ],\n [\n -97.5,\n 32.6\n ],\n [\n -97.53387451171875,\n 32.80112754111693\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 32.99484290420988\n ],\n [\n -96.86920166015625,\n 33.23639027157906\n ],\n [\n -96.59454345703125,\n 33.24098472320831\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -96.52313232421875,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -96.73187255859375,\n 32.560703522325156\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a75be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, Rene A.","contributorId":82669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Rene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27166,"text":"wri004110 - 2000 - Estimating the probability of elevated nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) concentrations in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T19:33:39.924408","indexId":"wri004110","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4110","displayTitle":"Estimating the probability of elevated nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) concentrations in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, Washington","title":"Estimating the probability of elevated nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) concentrations in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, Washington","docAbstract":"Logistic regression was used to relate anthropogenic (man-made) and natural factors to the occurrence of elevated concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, eastern Washington. Variables that were analyzed included well depth, depth of well casing, ground-water recharge rates, presence of canals, fertilizer application amounts, soils, surficial geology, and land-use types. The variables that best explain the occurrence of nitrate concentrations above 3 milligrams per liter in wells were the amount of fertilizer applied annually within a 2-kilometer radius of a well and the depth of the well casing; the variables that best explain the occurrence of nitrate above 10 milligrams per liter included the amount of fertilizer applied annually within a 3-kilometer radius of a well, the depth of the well casing, and the mean soil hydrologic group, which is a measure of soil infiltration rate. Based on the relations between these variables and elevated nitrate concentrations, models were developed using logistic regression that predict the probability that ground water will exceed a nitrate concentration of either 3 milligrams per liter or 10 milligrams per liter. Maps were produced that illustrate the predicted probability that ground-water nitrate concentrations will exceed 3 milligrams per liter or 10 milligrams per liter for wells cased to 78 feet below land surface (median casing depth) and the predicted depth to which wells would need to be cased in order to have an 80-percent probability of drawing water with a nitrate concentration below either 3 milligrams per liter or 10 milligrams per liter. Maps showing the predicted probability for the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations indicate that the irrigated agricultural regions are most at risk. The predicted depths to which wells need to be cased in order to have an 80-percent chance of obtaining low nitrate ground water exceed 600 feet in the irrigated agricultural regions, whereas wells in dryland agricultural areas generally need a casing in excess of 400 feet. The predicted depth to which wells need to be cased to have at least an 80-percent chance to draw water with a nitrate concentration less than 10 milligrams per liter generally did not exceed 800 feet, with a 200-foot casing depth typical of the majority of the area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004110","usgsCitation":"Frans, L.M., 2000, Estimating the probability of elevated nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) concentrations in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4110, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004110.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33855.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 46.26\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 46.26\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24829,"text":"ofr00390 - 2000 - Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the Central and Eastern United States; minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T11:02:51","indexId":"ofr00390","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-390","title":"Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the Central and Eastern United States; minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is updating and revising its 1996 national seismic-hazard maps for release in 2001. Part of this process is the convening of four regional workshops with earth scientists and other users of the maps. The second of these workshops was sponsored by the USGS and the Mid-America Earthquake Center, and was hosted by Saint Louis University on June 13-14, 2000.
The workshop concentrated on the central and eastern U.S. (CEUS) east of the Rocky Mountains. The tasks of the workshop were to (1) evaluate new research findings that are relevant to seismic hazard mapping, (2) discuss modifications in the inputs and methodology used in the national maps, (3) discuss concerns by engineers and other users about the scientific input to the maps and the use of the hazard maps in building codes, and (4) identify needed research in the CEUS that can improve the seismic hazard maps and reduce their uncertainties.
These minutes summarize the workshop discussions. This is not a transcript; some individual remarks and short discussions of side issues and logistics were omitted. Named speakers were sent a draft of the minutes with a request for corrections of any errors in remarks attributed to them. Nine people returned corrections, amplifications, or approvals of their remarks as reported. The rest of this document consists of the meeting agenda, discussion summaries, and a list of the 60 attendees.
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Geologic raster data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:28:41.577101","indexId":"ofr00495","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-495","title":"Geologic datasets for weights of evidence analysis in northeast Washington: 1. Geologic raster data","docAbstract":"This dataset contains the combination of geology data (geologic units, faults, folds, and dikes) from 6 1:100,000 scale digital coverages in eastern Washington (Chewelah, Colville, Omak, Oroville, Nespelem, Republic). The data was converted to an Arc grid in ArcView using the Spatial Analyst extension.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00495","usgsCitation":"Boleneus, D.E., and Causey, J.D., 2000, Geologic datasets for weights of evidence analysis in northeast Washington: 1. 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