{"pageNumber":"2640","pageRowStart":"65975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68827,"records":[{"id":51864,"text":"ofr55149 - 1955 - An electrical device for computing theoretical draw-downs of ground-water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:10:09","indexId":"ofr55149","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-149","title":"An electrical device for computing theoretical draw-downs of ground-water levels","docAbstract":"<p>The construction, calibration and use of an electrical \"slide rule\" for computing theoretical drawdowns of ground-water levels are described. The instrument facilitates the computation of drawdowns under given conditions of discharge or recharge by means of the Theis nonequilibrium equation. It is simple to construct and use and can be a valuable aid in ground-water studies. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55149","usgsCitation":"Remson, I., and Halstead, M., 1955, An electrical device for computing theoretical draw-downs of ground-water levels: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-149, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55149.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr55149.jpg"},{"id":310497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0149/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, M.H.","contributorId":37412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010777,"text":"70010777 - 1955 - Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T15:01:33.415683","indexId":"70010777","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks","docAbstract":"A rapid and simple method for the determination of total water in silicate rocks has been developed by modifying the Penfield procedure. In this method, the time required for a single determination has been reduced to less than 10 minutes. Comparison of the data obtained by this modification and the Penfield method indicates the same degree of accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60100a020","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, L., and Brannock, W.W., 1955, Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 4, p. 560-562, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60100a020.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d2e4b0c8380cd8162e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Leonard","contributorId":61406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannock, W. W.","contributorId":74504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010694,"text":"70010694 - 1955 - Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T20:12:59.472605","indexId":"70010694","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium","docAbstract":"Microgram amounts of phosphate are usually determined by the molybdenum blue reaction, but this reaction is not specific for phosphorus. The research established the range of conditions under which phosphate, arsenate, silicate, and germanate give the molybdenum blue reaction for differentiating these elements, and developed a method for the determination of phosphate in waters containing up to 10 p.p.m. of the oxides of germanium, arsenic(V), and silicon. With stannous chloride or 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid as the reducing agent no conditions were found for distinguishing silicate from germanate and phosphate from arsenate. In the recommended procedure the phosphate is concentrated by coprecipitation on aluminum hydroxide, and coprecipitated arsenic, germanium, and silicon are volatilized by a mixture of hydrofluoric, hydrochloric, and hydrobromic acids prior to the determination of phosphate. The authors are able to report that the total phosphorus content of several samples of sea water from the Gulf of Mexico ranged from 0.018 to 0.059 mg. of phosphorus pentoxide per liter of water.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60098a022","usgsCitation":"Levine, H., Rowe, J., and Grimaldi, F.S., 1955, Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 258-262, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60098a022.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d2ee4b0c8380cd701f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, H.","contributorId":39513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, J.J.","contributorId":29460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70010723,"text":"70010723 - 1955 - Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70010723","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks","docAbstract":"Gelatinous silica and aluminum ions retard the distillation of fluorine in the Willard and Winter distillation method. A generally applicable, simple method for the determination of fluorine in rocks containing aluminum or silicon or both as major constituents was desired. In the procedure developed, the sample is fused with a mixture of sodium carbonate and zinc oxide, leached with water, and filtered. The residue is granular and retains nearly all of the silica. The fluorine in the filtrate is distilled directly from a perchloric acid-phosphoric acid mixture. Phosphoric acid permits the quantitative distillation of fluorine in the presence of much aluminum at the usual distillation temperature and without the collection of large volumes of distillate. The fluorine is determined either by microtitration with thorium nitrate or colorimetrically with thoron. The procedure is rapid and has yielded excellent results on silicate rocks and on samples from the aluminum phosphate (leached) zone of the Florida phosphate deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Grimaldi, F.S., Ingram, B., and Cuttitta, F., 1955, Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 6, p. 918-921.","startPage":"918","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc7e4b0c8380cd4f3c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingram, B.","contributorId":20891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuttitta, F.","contributorId":33837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuttitta","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011002,"text":"70011002 - 1955 - Determination of boron in silicates after ion exchange separation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T16:58:49.310965","indexId":"70011002","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of boron in silicates after ion exchange separation","docAbstract":"Existing methods for the determination of boron in silicates are not entirely satisfactory. Separation as the methyl ester is lengthy and frequently erratic. An accurate and rapid method applicable to glass, mineral, ore, and water samples uses ion exchange to remove interfering cations, and boron is determined titrimetrically in the presence of mannitol, using a pH meter to indicate the end point.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60097a049","usgsCitation":"Kramer, H., 1955, Determination of boron in silicates after ion exchange separation: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 1, p. 144-145, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60097a049.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff98e4b0c8380cd4f296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, Henry","contributorId":98587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047728,"text":"70047728 - 1955 - Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T10:21:58","indexId":"70047728","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-19T16:06:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains results of sediment-transport investigations on the Platte River near Overton,. Nebr. from January 1950 to September 1953. The basic data of suspended-sediment studies, results of bed-material analyses, and determinations of water-surface slopes from staff readings are given.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The data indicate that a reliable determination of suspended sediment, hence total load, is difficult. Because of the nature of the river at the station and the limited scope of the investigations, the suspended-sediment data may not be representative. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Platte River is characterized by a wide braided channel, a small hydraulic radius, low banks, and a wide flood plain. (See figs. 1 and 2.,) The river bed is composed of coarse to fine sands. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Near Overton, natural flow of the river is controlled or modified by diversions, storage reservoirs, power development, return flow from irrigation, and withdrawals of ground water. A temporary jetty was extended into the river below the bridge during the summer of 1952 as part of commercial sand pumping operations. Beavers carry on active construction in the narrows and shallows, particularly upstream from the sampling section. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Daily fluctuations in water discharge at the gaging station at the bridge are caused by regulation of the flow, mainly from the generation of power by release of water from a reservoir The water discharge at the station begins increasing about 9:30 a.m., reaches a crest about 2:00 p.m and then immediately recede. Weekly water-discharge measurements of alternate high and low stages indicate a daily variation from 200 to more than 1,000 cfs. During spring summer, and fall increases in water dis charge are also caused by thunderstorm activity in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources","doi":"10.3133/70047728","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a program of the Department of the Interior for development of the Missouri River basin","usgsCitation":"Albert, C., and Guy, H., 1955, Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047728.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"40","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"1953-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047728/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279946,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047728/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.7838,40.6372 ], [ -99.7838,40.7742 ], [ -99.1901,40.7742 ], [ -99.1901,40.6372 ], [ -99.7838,40.6372 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52148fe5e4b06d85e08fb51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albert, C.D.","contributorId":23923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, H.P.","contributorId":73571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185545,"text":"70185545 - 1954 - Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-28T18:34:56.155825","indexId":"70185545","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":130,"text":"Progress Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The area covered by this report comprises a square which measures three townships on a side and enclose 318 square miles in southeastern Oakland County. The investigation of the ground-water resources of this area was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Detroit Metropolitan Area Regional Planning Commission, the Michigan Department of Conservation, and the Michigan Water Resources Commission.</p><p>In 1950 the population of this nine-township area exceeded 341,000, or more than 86 percent of the total population of Oakland County. This county ranks third in the state in number of industrial establishments and workers and is fifteenth in agricultural importance. Its numerous lakes and rolling uplands contribute to its top rank in the state in the number of recreational enterprises in rural or suburban areas.</p><p>The climate is moderately humid. The average annual precipitation is 30 inches and the mean air temperature is 47.2° F. Snowfall averages 38 inches in the November-April interval. The growing season averages 151 days.</p><p>The regional land surface slopes from northwest to southeast and has a total relief of 360 feet. Pitted outwash plains and morainal hills that are more than 1,000 feet above sea level in the northwest corner of the area give way southeastward to a sequence of terminal moraines and intervening till plains in the middle part. These give way to the broad lake plains that cover the southeastern third of the area.</p><p>The area lies on the southeast edge of the Michigan Basin and the bedrock is composed of northwest dipping strata of the Devonian and Mississippian systems. The Antrim shale, of Lake Devonian and early Mississippian age, is the oldest formation cropping out beneath the mantle of glacial Berea sandstone, and Sunbury shale overlie the Antrim and are overlain by the Coldwater shale, their areas of outcrop beneath the drift lying successively farther northwest. These formations are of early Mississippian age.</p><p>Throughout the area the bedrock is covered by glacial drift which ranges in thickness from 25 to more than 350 feet. The drift increases in thickness from southeast to northwest, but considerable relief on the underlying bedrock surface greatly modifies this trend. Extensive moraines, till plains, lake plains, and gravel outwash plains cover the area. In the northwestern third of the area an extensive upland of gravel plains is dotted with lakes ranging from a few feet to more than 100 feet in depth.</p><p>Precipitation is the perennial source of all water in this area, whether on the surface of underground. The average annual rainfall on the nine-townships is equivalent to a continuous supply of 450 m.g.d. or&nbsp; 9 times the combined annual withdrawal from all wells in the area.</p><p>About 53 percent of the area is drained by the Clinton River, 44 percent by the River Rouge, and the remaining 3 percent by the Huron River. Less than one-third of the annual precipitation reappears as surface discharge from the watersheds of this area.</p><p>About two-thirds of the annual precipitation on the area is lost by evaporation from water and land surfaces and by transpirations from vegetative cover. A substantial part of this large annual water loss is from the many lakes and other exposed water surfaces and from contiguous lands where the depth to the water table is slight. Average annual water losses by evapotranspiration are equivalent to about 280 m.g.d. or nearly 6 times the combined withdrawal from all ground-water supplies in the area.</p><p>The principal aquifers are the alluvial deposits bordering streams and the buried outwash deposits which represent alluvial fills in preglacial or interglacial stream channels. Intensive well developments in the urban areas have greatly lowered ground-water levels in the buried outwash deposits, have brought localized problems of declining well yield, and have induced migration of mineralized waters from the underlying consolidated formations. During 1952, withdrawals of ground water in the nine township area averages about 50 m.g.d., most of this quantity being pumped from municipal wells. This annual pumpage was distributed as follows: 60 percent in Pontiac and environs; 20 percent in Birmingham, Royal Oak and Troy Township; and the remaining 20 percent throughout the suburban and rural areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ferris, J., Burt, E., Stramel, G., and Crosthwaite, E., 1954, Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan: Progress Report, 74 p.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-PR16_216200_7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":338196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oakland County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.44047546386717,\n              42.449301428414955\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0841064453125,\n              42.449301428414955\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0841064453125,\n              42.685463935766094\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.44047546386717,\n              42.685463935766094\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.44047546386717,\n              42.449301428414955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df19e4b05ec79911d20f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferris, J.G.","contributorId":12453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burt, E.M.","contributorId":189751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stramel, G.J.","contributorId":47768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stramel","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175976,"text":"70175976 - 1954 - Geology and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley Counties, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:19:24","indexId":"70175976","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley Counties, Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the geography, geology, and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley counties in western Kansas. The area consists of a flat to gently rolling plain, which slopes eastward [at] about 15 feet per mile. A short reach of Ladder Creek (Beaver) is the only perennially flowing stream in the two counties. Ephemeral streams, which flow only during and after heavy rains, are White Woman and Sand Creeks and the western reach of Ladder Creek. The climate is semiarid, the normal annual precipitation being about 17 inches in Wichita County and 16 inches in Greeley County. Agriculture is the principal occupation in the area, and wheat is the most important crop. A considerable area is irrigated; sugar beets and sorghums are the principal irrigated crops.</p><p>The outcropping rocks range in age from late Cretaceous to Recent; the Smoky Hill chalk member of the Niobrara formation, which is exposed along White Woman Creek in western Greeley County, is the oldest. The Niobrara is almost everywhere overlain by the Ogallala formation of Pliocene age. Generally the Ogallala is overlain by windblown silt of the Pleistocene Sanborn formation, but in places it is exposed along streams. The most recent deposits are dune sand and the alluvium along the streams. The Dakota formation, which is an important aquifer in parts of Kansas, is 300 to 450 feet beneath the Niobrara formation.</p><p>The ground water that is available to wells in Wichita and Greeley counties is derived entirely from precipitation in the area or in areas immediately west and north. Ground water moves in a generally easterly direction with a gradient that varies inversely with the permeability of the water-bearing beds. The ground-water reservoir is recharged principally by precipitation within the area or within adjacent areas, Ground-water discharge takes place principally by pumping from wells, subsurface outflow, and evaporation and transpiration. Most of the domestic, stock, public, and irrigation supplies are obtained from wells. It is estimated that probably more than 2 billion gallons of water is pumped annually from wells in the area. Since 1947, ground-water recharge has been about equal to ground-water discharge.</p><p>The use of ground water for irrigation has increased greatly since 1946 and indications are that many more wells may be drilled and pumped without dangerously lowering the water table. Approximately 11,000 to 12,000 acres were irrigated in 1951. A map showing the thickness of water-bearing materials indicates that although much of the area has enough water-bearing material to support irrigation wells, parts of Wichita and Greeley counties have little or none.</p><p>The Ogallala is the principal water-bearing formation in the area. Small amounts of water may also be obtained locally from alluvial deposits and from cracks in the Niobrara formation. Two deep test wells to the Dakota formation have been drilled but, because of the poor quality of the water, have never been used.</p><p>The ground water in Wichita and Greeley counties, though hard, is suitable for most purposes. Water from the Ogallala is generally high in fluoride and in some cases may be injurious to the teeth of children. Water from the Dakota, though soft, is unfit for irrigation because of a high content of sodium.</p><p>The field data upon which most of this report is based are given in tables; they include records of 417 wells, chemical analyses of 31 samples of water, and logs of 57 test holes and wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Prescott, G., Branch, J., and Wilson, W., 1954, Geology and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley Counties, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 108, 134 p. .","productDescription":"134 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"108","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dbe4b03fd6b7df2ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, G.C. Jr.","contributorId":103352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"G.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Branch, J.R.","contributorId":173971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branch","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, W.W.","contributorId":6396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160581,"text":"70160581 - 1954 - Infectious diseases of Pacific salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:28:25.353372","indexId":"70160581","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious diseases of Pacific salmon","docAbstract":"<p>Investigations on infectious diseases of Pacific salmon due to micro-organisms other than viruses are reviewed. The etiological agents include trematodes, fungi, protozoa and bacteria. Bacteria have been found to be the most important agents of disease in the several species of Pacific salmon. Kidney disease, due to a small, unnamed Gram-positive diplobacillus, causes serious mortalities in young salmon reared in hatcheries. The disease has also been found in wild fish. Aquatic myxobacteria are important agents of disease both in the hatchery and in the natural habitat. One of the myxobacteria, <i>Chondrococcus columnaris</i>, causes disease at relatively high water temperatures. The problem of the taxonomy of this organism is discussed. Another myxobacterium, <i>Cytophaga psychrophila</i>, has been found responsible for epizootics in coho salmon at lower water temperatures, i.e., in the range of 40° to 55° F. In outbreaks of gill disease in young salmon, myxobacteria of several kinds have been implicated.</p><p class=\"last\">A variety of bacteria has been found responsible for outbreaks of disease in salmon in sea water. The most important of these is a species of <i>Vibrio</i>. Tuberculosis has been found in adult chinook salmon and the evidence indicates that the disease was contracted at sea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1953)83[297:IDOPS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rucker, R.R., Earp, B.J., and Ordal, E.J., 1954, Infectious diseases of Pacific salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 83, no. 1, p. 297-312, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1953)83[297:IDOPS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567bd3b9e4b0a04ef491a1e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rucker, Robert R.","contributorId":69615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucker","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earp, B. J.","contributorId":150825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Earp","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ordal, E. J.","contributorId":150767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ordal","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160618,"text":"70160618 - 1954 -  A virus disease of sockeye salmon: Interim report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T08:43:05","indexId":"70160618","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"138","title":" A virus disease of sockeye salmon: Interim report","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1951 a disease, usually occurring in late spring or early summer, has caused severe losses in 3- to 12-month-old fingerling sockeye salmon in hatcheries in the State of Washington. The disease is characterized by an explosive outbreak, mortality usually 80 percent or greater, and a residual spinal deformity in a small percentage of the surviving fish, and its specificity for the one species of salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. (The anadromous strain of this species is commonly known as sockeye, blueback, or red salmon, while the fresh-water strain is called kokanee or silver trout.) The etiological agent is believed to be a virus.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Watson, S., Guenther, R., and Rucker, R., 1954,  A virus disease of sockeye salmon: Interim report: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 138, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/SSRF/SSRF138.pdf","text":"pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56826b39e4b0a04ef4925b06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, S.W.","contributorId":150802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guenther, R.W.","contributorId":150801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guenther","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rucker, R.R.","contributorId":104000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucker","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175975,"text":"70175975 - 1954 - Geology and ground-water resources of Marshall County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:28:51","indexId":"70175975","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Marshall County, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Walters, K., 1954, Geology and ground-water resources of Marshall County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 106, 116 p. .","productDescription":"116 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"106","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dbe4b03fd6b7df2cdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, K.L.","contributorId":173879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047536,"text":"70047536 - 1954 - Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51214,"text":"ofr5320 - 1953 - Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin, New York","indexId":"ofr5320","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047536,"text":"70047536 - 1954 - Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin","indexId":"70047536","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-08T15:29:35","indexId":"70047536","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin","docAbstract":"This report incorporates the data obtained in a study of the chemical quality of the water resources in the Conewango Creek basin, New York. The study was made during the period October 1951 to September 1952.","language":"English","publisher":"New York Department of Commerce","publisherLocation":"Albany, New York","collaboration":"Prepared cooperatively by the geological survey United States Department of Interior and the New York State Department of Commerce","usgsCitation":"Beetem, W., 1954, Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin: Bulletin 1, v, 58 p.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276240,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://onlinepubs.usgs.gov/djvu/Misc/nydc_bull_1.djvu"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Conewango Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.833333,41.833333 ], [ -78.833333,42.333333 ], [ -79.583333,42.333333 ], [ -79.583333,41.833333 ], [ -78.833333,41.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5204bde3e4b0403aa62629d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beetem, W.A.","contributorId":19173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beetem","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047645,"text":"70047645 - 1954 - Summary of geology and ground-water resources of the Eastern Shore peninsula, Virginia: a preliminary report","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51759,"text":"ofr54287 - 1954 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Eastern Shore Peninsula, Virginia","indexId":"ofr54287","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Eastern Shore Peninsula, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047645,"text":"70047645 - 1954 - Summary of geology and ground-water resources of the Eastern Shore peninsula, Virginia: a preliminary report","indexId":"70047645","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of geology and ground-water resources of the Eastern Shore peninsula, Virginia: a preliminary report"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:09:24","indexId":"70047645","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:21:38","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":123,"text":"Virginia Division of Geology Mineral Resources Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"Summary of geology and ground-water resources of the Eastern Shore peninsula, Virginia: a preliminary report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Virginia Division of Geology (Virginia Division of Mineral Resources), conducted an investigation of the geology and ground-water resources of the Coastal Plain of Virginia. This report summarizes preliminary findings from exploratory test drilling done to ascertain whether there are any satisfactory water-bearing zones deeper than those in general use.","language":"English","publisher":"Virginia Division of Geology","publisherLocation":"Charlottesville, VA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of the United States Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Sinnott, A., and Tibbitts, G.C., 1954, Summary of geology and ground-water resources of the Eastern Shore peninsula, Virginia: a preliminary report: Virginia Division of Geology Mineral Resources Circular 2, ii, 18 p.","productDescription":"ii, 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276674,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dmme.virginia.gov/commerce/ProductDetails.aspx?productID=2421"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Shore Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.0,37.075 ], [ -78.0,39.324 ], [ -75.225,39.324 ], [ -75.225,37.075 ], [ -78.0,37.075 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f49e8e4b0fc50304bc510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sinnott, Allen","contributorId":15995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinnott","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, G. Chase Jr.","contributorId":30601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chase","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043353,"text":"70043353 - 1954 - Geology of the Starr molybdenum mine, Okanogan County, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55492,"text":"ofr4574 - 1945 - Geology of the Starr molybdenum mine, Okanogan County, Washington","indexId":"ofr4574","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Starr molybdenum mine, Okanogan County, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043353,"text":"70043353 - 1954 - Geology of the Starr molybdenum mine, Okanogan County, Washington","indexId":"70043353","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Starr molybdenum mine, Okanogan County, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T14:21:37","indexId":"70043353","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"18","title":"Geology of the Starr molybdenum mine, Okanogan County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Starr molybdenum mine, Okanogan County, Wash., is about 5 airline miles west of Tonasket in the north-central part of the State. The mineralized zone has been explored to a depth of 250 feet by means of three adit levels, one sublevel, and a raise which connects two of the adits and the sublevel. In all, there are about 2,700 feet of underground workings. The mine has neither machinery nor a developed water supply adequate for any work other than a small exploratory program.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molybdenum occurrences of Washington (Report of Investigations 18)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"State Printing Plant","publisherLocation":"Olympia, WA","usgsCitation":"Creasey, S., 1954, Geology of the Starr molybdenum mine, Okanogan County, Washington, chap. <i>of</i> Molybdenum occurrences of Washington (Report of Investigations 18), p. 51-62.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267286,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/ger_ri18_molybdenum_of_wa.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Okanogan County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.89,47.94 ], [ -120.89,49.0 ], [ -118.84,49.0 ], [ -118.84,47.94 ], [ -120.89,47.94 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511b7280e4b0e3ef7b6f1e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Creasey, S.C.","contributorId":36109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasey","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042869,"text":"70042869 - 1954 - Progress report on selected ground-water basins in Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15512,"text":"ofr74352 - 1974 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the southern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"ofr74352","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the southern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042869,"text":"70042869 - 1954 - Progress report on selected ground-water basins in Utah","indexId":"70042869","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on selected ground-water basins in Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T10:24:10","indexId":"70042869","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Progress report on selected ground-water basins in Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This technical publication consists essentially of the interpretation of data collected in connection with a detailed inventory of ground-water pumpage and water-level trends in four irrigation districts in southern Utah. Much of this information was assembled in a preliminary report entitled \"Inventory of ground-water pumpage in three irrigation districts in southern Utah,\" by H. A. Waite and others, and was used by the State Engineer in a court hearing in Parowan in February 1954.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Waite, H., Nelson, W., Lofgren, B.E., and Feth, J.H., 1954, Progress report on selected ground-water basins in Utah: Technical Publication 9, 128 p.","productDescription":"128 p.","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-230"},{"id":331499,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w9200088.pdf"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51050923e4b091226576ea17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, H.A.","contributorId":58336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, W.B.","contributorId":30282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lofgren, B. E.","contributorId":42579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lofgren","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feth, John Henry Frederick","contributorId":37310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040301,"text":"70040301 - 1954 - The ground-water resources of Greene County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"70040301","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:50:43","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"GW-34","title":"The ground-water resources of Greene County, New York","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Power and Control Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Berdan, J., 1954, The ground-water resources of Greene County, New York: Bulletin GW-34, 61 p., 3 Plates.","productDescription":"61 p., 3 Plates","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5072ee4b0e8fec6ce9efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berdan, J.M.","contributorId":27913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berdan","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220058,"text":"5220058 - 1954 - Water chestnut menaces upper section of Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:38","indexId":"5220058","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:22","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2691,"text":"Maryland Sportsman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water chestnut menaces upper section of Chesapeake Bay","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Sportsman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Uhler, F., 1954, Water chestnut menaces upper section of Chesapeake Bay: Maryland Sportsman, v. 12, no. 9, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"4-5","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uhler, F.M.","contributorId":81965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhler","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220620,"text":"5220620 - 1954 - Haemoproteus infections in waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:35","indexId":"5220620","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:22","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3156,"text":"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Haemoproteus infections in waterfowl","docAbstract":"It is proposed that Haemoproteus nettionis (Johnston and Cleland, 1909) Coatney, 1936 be accepted as the correct name for the Haemoproteus of Anatidae. A list of synonyms and amended description of the parasite is given. Infections are reported from wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and from domestic ducks and geese, the last representing a new host record. Natural transmission was demonstrated at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, Maryland. Possible seasonal variation is suggested with active carriers present as early as mid-April among adult wood ducks and most active transmission occurring in June and early July with limited transmission earlier or later.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Herman, C.M., 1954, Haemoproteus infections in waterfowl: Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, v. 21, no. 1, p. 37-42.","productDescription":"37-42","startPage":"37","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, C. M.","contributorId":101335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048368,"text":"tei467 - 1954 - Uranium-bearing lignite and its relation to the White River and Arikaree formations in northwestern South Dakota and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-07T14:53:38","indexId":"tei467","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-13T09:13:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"467","title":"Uranium-bearing lignite and its relation to the White River and Arikaree formations in northwestern South Dakota and adjacent states","docAbstract":"In northwestern South Dakota and adjacent areas uranium-bearing lignite beds occur at many horizons in the Hell Creek formation of late Cretaceous age and the overlying Ludlow, Tongue River, and Sentinel Butte members of the Fort Union formation of Paleocene age. Uranium analyses of 275 surface and auger samples and about 1,000 core samples show that many of the lignite beds contain 0. 005 to 0. 02 percent uranium with concentrations of 0. 05 to 0.10 percent uranium in the lignite ash. Analytical data indicate that the region contains an aggregate of at least 47,500, 000 tons of lignite with an average grade of slightly more than .0. 008 percent containing 3, 900 tons of uranium. Almost a fifth of the estimated reserves are adapted to strip mining and are in beds averaging about 4 feet in thickness. Uranium concentrations of this magnitude in lignite indicate that these deposits upon the development of proper utilization techniques and processes may be an important future source of uranium. Recent discoveries of ore-grade deposits of autunite-bearing lignite and secondary uranium minerals in carbonaceous sandstone at Cave Hills and Slim Buttes indicate that northwestern South Dakota and adjacent areas may containimportant reserves of uranium-ore. The stratigraphic units containing the uraniferous lignite beds have a combined thickness of about 1, 500 feet and are unconformably overlapped by 300 feet or more of tuffaceous sandstone and bentonitic claystone of the White River and Arikaree formations of Oligocene and Miocene age. The stratigraphically highest lignite beds in the local sequence have the greatest concentration of uranium,, and the uranium content is greatest at the top of thick lignite beds, diminishing progressively downward to a vanishing point in their lower parts. Variations in permeability of the rock overlying the mineralized lignite beds seem to be reflected in the intensity of uranium mineralization. Most of the known uranium-bearing lignite deposits in the region are closely overlain by the White River and Arikaree formations. Field evidence indicates that the uranium in the lignite is independent of the age of the formation in which the lignite occurs and that the uranium has been concentrated by downward and laterally moving ground water from the overlying mildly radioactive, tuffaceous rocks. The White River and Arikaree formations have about 1.2 times more uranium than the average sedimentary rock. The uranium content of spring water from these formations is 30 times as great or greater than that of normal ground water. Field relations suggest that the uranium is of secondary origin and has been introduced subsequent to the accumulation and marked regional warping of the lignite beds and associated rocks. During the transportation of the uranium-bearing volcanic materials from their place of origin to the site of deposition in South Dakota, the uranium is believed to have been held as a finely disseminated constituent in volcanic ash. Subsequent release or displacement of the uranium is thought to have resulted from weathering and chemical breakdown, thus freeing and allowing the transportation of the uranium, probably in ionic form, to the lignite by downward and laterally moving groundwaters 0 Gar bonaceous material in the path of these uranium-bearing waters is believed to have acted as a receptor that extracted the uranium as a result of an ion exchange mechanism or by the formation of organo-metallic compounds Geologic factors that seem most significant in controlling the distribution and concentration of uranium in Dakota lignites are as follows: 1) stratlgraphic proximity of the lignite to the base of the White River formation; 2) permeability of the rocks overlying the lignites; 3) adsorptive properties and porosities of the lignitic constituents; 4) present and past position of the groundwater table; and 5) the amount of uranium in\nthe original White River and Arikaree sediments. Individual maps showing the extent, thickness, and variations in mineral content of the important deposits in the Table Mountain, Cave Hills, Slim Buttes, Lodgepole, and Medicine Pole areas are included. Conditions controlling the concentration of uranium are described and their application as guides to finding additional reserves by the presently held concepts are explained and illustrated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei467","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Denson, N., Bachman, G., and Zeller, H.D., 1954, Uranium-bearing lignite and its relation to the White River and Arikaree formations in northwestern South Dakota and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 467, Report: 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei467.","productDescription":"Report: 97 p.","numberOfPages":"100","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei467.jpg"},{"id":285870,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0467/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;North Dakota;South Dakota;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.7324,44.0718 ], [ -105.7324,46.4227 ], [ -102.7881,46.4227 ], [ -102.7881,44.0718 ], [ -105.7324,44.0718 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5242b467e4b096ee6246420e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denson, N.M.","contributorId":79458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denson","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachman, G.O.","contributorId":55858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"G.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeller, H. 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