Gold (Au) is ubiquitous in the environment and mined commercially at numerous locations worldwide. It is also an allergen that induces dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Gold concentrations were comparatively elevated in samples collected near gold mining and processing facilities, although no data were found for birds and non-human mammals. Maximum gold concentrations reported in abiotic materials were 0.001 μg L-1 in rainwater; 0.0015 μgL-1 in seawater near hydrothermal vents vs. <0.00004–0.0007 μg L-1 elsewhere; 5.0 μg kg-1 dry weight (DW) in the Earth's crust; 19.0 μg L-1 in a freshwater stream near a gold mining site; 440 μg kg-1 DW in atmospheric dust near a high traffic road; 843 μg kg-1 DW in alluvial soil near a Nevada gold mine vs. <29 μg kg-1 DW premining; 2.53 mg kg-1 DW in snow near a Russian smelter vs. <0.35 mg kg-1 DW at a reference site; 4.5 mg kg-1 DW in sewage sludge; 28.7 mg kg-1 DW in polymetallic sulfides from the ocean floor; and 256.0 mg kg-1 DW in freshwater sediments near a gold mine tailings pile vs. <5 μg kg-1 DW prior to mining. In plants, elevated concentrations of 19 μg Au kg-1 DW were reported in terrestrial vegetation near gold mining operations vs. <4 μg kg-1 DW at a reference site; 37 μg kg-1 DW in aquatic bryophytes downstream from a gold mine; 150 μg Au kg-1 DW in leaves of beans grown in soil containing 170 μg kg-1 DW; up to 1.06 mg kg-1 DW in algal mats of rivers receiving gold mine wastes; and 0.1–100 mg kg-1 DW in selected gold accumulator plants. Fish and aquatic invertebrates contained 0.1–38.0 μg Au kg-1 DW. In humans, gold concentrations up to 1.1 μg L-1 were documented in urine of dental technicians vs. 0.002–0.85 μg L-1 in reference populations; 2.1 μg L-1 in breast milk, attributed to gold dental fillings and jewelry of mothers; 1.4 mg kg-1 DW in hair of goldsmiths vs. a normal range of 6–880 μg kg-1 DW; 2.39 mg L-1 in whole blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving gold thiol drugs to reduce inflammation (chrysotherapy) vs. a normal range of 0.2–2.0 μg L-1; and 60.0 to 233.0 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW) in kidneys of rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing active chrysotherapy vs. <42.0 mg kg-1 FW kidney 140 months posttreatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:EMAS.0000003567.66682.d8","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 2004, Gold concentrations in abiotic materials, plants, and animals: A synoptic review: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 90, no. 1-3, p. 73-88, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000003567.66682.d8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"88","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224777,"text":"5224777 - 2004 - Book review: Handbook of the birds of the world, Volume 8, Broadbills to Tapaculos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:54:07","indexId":"5224777","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Handbook of the birds of the world, Volume 8, Broadbills to Tapaculos","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Review info: Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 8, Broadbills to Tapaculos. Edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, and David Christie. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. 2003: 845 pp., 81 color plates, over 470 color photographs, 672 maps. ISBN: 8487334504, $195.00 (cloth)
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0368:HOTBOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gustafson, M., 2004, Book review: Handbook of the birds of the world, Volume 8, Broadbills to Tapaculos: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 116, no. 4, p. 368-369, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0368:HOTBOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd2c6e4b08c986b32f9f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustafson, Mary","contributorId":175186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustafson","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224327,"text":"5224327 - 2004 - Peru: The ecotravellers' wildlife guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T14:00:33.501981","indexId":"5224327","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peru: The ecotravellers' wildlife guide","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0116:BR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 2004, Peru: The ecotravellers' wildlife guide: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 116, no. 1, p. 116-117, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0116:BR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47bae4b07f02db4a2d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew 0000-0001-6452-9534 mperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":179173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew","email":"mperry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224485,"text":"5224485 - 2004 - Improving the Christmas Bird Count: report of a review panel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224485","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the Christmas Bird Count: report of a review panel","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6410_Francis.pdf","usgsCitation":"Francis, C., Dunn, E.H., Blancher, P., Drennan, S., Howe, M., Lepage, D., Robbins, C., Rosenberg, K., Sauer, J., and Smith, K.G., 2004, Improving the Christmas Bird Count: report of a review panel: American Birds, v. 58, no. 104th Christmas Bird, p. 34-43.","productDescription":"34-43","startPage":"34","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17087,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.audubon.org/bird/cbc/pdf/104_034-43REPORTfeature.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"58","issue":"104th Christmas Bird","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunn, Erica H.","contributorId":35841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blancher, P.J.","contributorId":58730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blancher","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drennan, S.R.","contributorId":93588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drennan","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lepage, D.","contributorId":7389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lepage","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenberg, K.V.","contributorId":8198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Kimberly G.","contributorId":47720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":5224484,"text":"5224484 - 2004 - Christmas Bird Count provides insights into population change in land birds that breed in the boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224484","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Christmas Bird Count provides insights into population change in land birds that breed in the boreal forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6409_Niven.pdf","usgsCitation":"Niven, D., Sauer, J., Butcher, G., and Link, W., 2004, Christmas Bird Count provides insights into population change in land birds that breed in the boreal forest: American Birds, v. 58, no. 104th Christmas Bird, p. 10-20.","productDescription":"10-20","startPage":"10","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17086,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.audubon.org/bird/cbc/pdf/104_BOREALpp10-20-lr.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"58","issue":"104th Christmas Bird","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niven, D.K.","contributorId":21247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niven","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butcher, G.S.","contributorId":94759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224455,"text":"5224455 - 2004 - Stream salamanders as indicators of stream quality in Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224455","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":837,"text":"Applied Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream salamanders as indicators of stream quality in Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"Biological indicators are critical to the protection of small, headwater streams and the ecological values they provide. Maryland and other state monitoring programs have determined that fish indicators are ineffective in small streams, where stream salamanders may replace fish as top predators. Because of their life history, physiology, abundance, and ubiquity, stream salamanders are likely representative of biological integrity in these streams. The goal of this study was to determine whether stream salamanders are effective indicators of ecological conditions across biogeographic regions and gradients of human disturbance. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, we intensively surveyed for stream salamanders at 76 stream sites located west of the Maryland Coastal Plain, sites also monitored by the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) and City of Gaithersburg. We found 1,584 stream salamanders, including all eight species known in Maryland, using two 15 ? 2 m transects and two 4 m2 quadrats that spanned both stream bank and channel. We performed removal sampling on transects to estimate salamander species detection probabilities, which ranged from 0.67-0.85. Stepwise regressions identified 15 of 52 non-salamander variables, representing water quality, physical habitat, land use, and biological conditions, which best predicted salamander metrics. Indicator development involved (1) identifying reference (non-degraded) and degraded sites (using percent forest, shading, riparian buffer width, aesthetic rating, and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish indices of biotic integrity); (2) testing 12 candidate salamander metrics (representing species richness and composition, abundance, species tolerance, and reproductive function) for their ability to distinguish reference from degraded sites; and (3) combining metrics into an index that effectively discriminated sites according to known stream conditions. Final indices for Highlands, Piedmont, and Non-Coastal Plain regions comprised four metrics: number of species, number of salamanders, number of intolerant salamanders, and number of adult salamanders, producing classification efficiencies between 87% and 90%. Partial validation of these indices was obtained when a test of the number of salamanders metric produced an 82% correct classification of 618 MBSS sites surveyed in 1995-97. This study supports the use of stream salamander monitoring and a composite stream salamander index of biotic integrity (SS-IBI) to determine stream quality in Maryland.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1163/1570754041231596","collaboration":"6399_Southerland.pdf","usgsCitation":"Southerland, M., Jung, R., Baxter, D., Chellman, I., Mercurio, G., and Volstad, J., 2004, Stream salamanders as indicators of stream quality in Maryland, USA: Applied Herpetology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 23-46, https://doi.org/10.1163/1570754041231596.","productDescription":"23-46","startPage":"23","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17084,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570754041231596","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southerland, M.T.","contributorId":59154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southerland","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, R.E.","contributorId":66213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baxter, D.P.","contributorId":74486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chellman, I.C.","contributorId":15740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chellman","given":"I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mercurio, G.","contributorId":77636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercurio","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Volstad, J.H.","contributorId":50260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volstad","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224300,"text":"5224300 - 2004 - A passion for wildlife: The history of the Canadian Wildlife Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T21:17:00.147079","indexId":"5224300","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A passion for wildlife: The history of the Canadian Wildlife Service","docAbstract":"This intimate historical account was contracted in 1996 by Environment Canada to naturalist-writer Burnett, who interviewed more than 120 present and former Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) employees of the 1947–1997 period. Each of the 10 chapters addresses a major topic, followed by a brief account of the chief activities of a five-year period. For example, chapter 1 is on “The Genesis of the Canadian Wildlife Service,” followed by highlights of the 1947–1952 period: “Setting the Wildlife Agenda.” The other nine chapters cover the history of enforcement; work with birds, mammals, and fish; habitats; education; toxicology; endangered species; and legislation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/121.1.273","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 2004, A passion for wildlife: The history of the Canadian Wildlife Service: The Auk, v. 121, no. 1, p. 273-275, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.1.273.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.1.273","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":195917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dd902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224798,"text":"5224798 - 2004 - N-mixture models for estimating population size from spatially replicated counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-09T14:48:16.426439","indexId":"5224798","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"N-mixture models for estimating population size from spatially replicated counts","docAbstract":"Spatial replication is a common theme in count surveys of animals. Such surveys often generate sparse count data from which it is difficult to estimate population size while formally accounting for detection probability. In this article, I describe a class of models (n-mixture models) which allow for estimation of population size from such data. The key idea is to view site-specific population sizes, n, as independent random variables distributed according to some mixing distribution (e.g., Poisson). Prior parameters are estimated from the marginal likelihood of the data, having integrated over the prior distribution for n. Carroll and Lombard (1985, Journal of American Statistical Association 80, 423-426) proposed a class of estimators based on mixing over a prior distribution for detection probability. Their estimator can be applied in limited settings, but is sensitive to prior parameter values that are fixed a priori. Spatial replication provides additional information regarding the parameters of the prior distribution on n that is exploited by the n-mixture models and which leads to reasonable estimates of abundance from sparse data. A simulation study demonstrates superior operating characteristics (bias, confidence interval coverage) of the n-mixture estimator compared to the Caroll and Lombard estimator. Both estimators are applied to point count data on six species of birds illustrating the sensitivity to choice of prior on p and substantially different estimates of abundance as a consequence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00142.x","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2004, N-mixture models for estimating population size from spatially replicated counts: Biometrics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 108-115, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00142.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341x.2004.00142.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b492c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224483,"text":"5224483 - 2004 - Statistical analyses make the Christmas Bird Count relevant for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224483","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analyses make the Christmas Bird Count relevant for conservation","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6408_Sauer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Link, W., and Niven, D., 2004, Statistical analyses make the Christmas Bird Count relevant for conservation: American Birds, v. 58, no. 104th Christmas Bird, p. 21-25.","productDescription":"21-25","startPage":"21","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17085,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.audubon.org/bird/cbc/pdf/104_021-25ANALYSISfeature.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"58","issue":"104th Christmas Bird","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e281b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niven, D.K.","contributorId":21247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niven","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224486,"text":"5224486 - 2004 - Sex Determination of Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224486","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex Determination of Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"I identified sexual dimorphism in wing length (unflattened chord) of Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) within the central Mississippi Alluvial Valley (northeast Louisiana and west-central Mississippi) and used this difference to assign a sex to captured wrens. Wrens were identified as female when wing length was less than 57.5 mm or male when wing length was greater than 58.5 mm. Verification of predicted sex was obtained from recaptures of banded individuals where sex was ascertained from the presence of a cloacal protuberance or brood patch. Correct prediction of sex was 81% for adult females and 95% for adult males. An alternative model, which categorized wrens with wing lengths of 58 and 59 mm as birds of unknown sex, increased correct prediction of females to 93% but reduced the number of individuals to which sex was assigned. These simple, predictive, wing-length-based models also correctly assigned sex for more than 88% of young (hatching-year) birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Bird Bander","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6414_Twedt.pdf","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., 2004, Sex Determination of Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: North American Bird Bander, v. 29, no. 4, p. 171-174.","productDescription":"171-174","startPage":"171","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224609,"text":"5224609 - 2004 - Testing life history predictions in a long-lived seabird: A population matrix approach with improved parameter estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T15:51:07","indexId":"5224609","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing life history predictions in a long-lived seabird: A population matrix approach with improved parameter estimation","docAbstract":"Life history theory and associated empirical generalizations predict that population growth rate (λ) in long-lived animals should be most sensitive to adult survival; the rates to which λ is most sensitive should be those with the smallest temporal variances; and stochastic environmental events should most affect the rates to which λ is least sensitive. To date, most analyses attempting to examine these predictions have been inadequate, their validity being called into question by problems in estimating parameters, problems in estimating the variability of parameters, and problems in measuring population sensitivities to parameters. We use improved methodologies in these three areas and test these life-history predictions in a population of red-tailed tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda). We support our first prediction that λ is most sensitive to survival rates. However the support for the second prediction that these rates have the smallest temporal variance was equivocal. Previous support for the second prediction may be an artifact of a high survival estimate near the upper boundary of 1 and not a result of natural selection canalizing variances alone. We did not support our third prediction that effects of environmental stochasticity (El Niño) would most likely be detected in vital rates to which λ was least sensitive and which are thought to have high temporal variances. Comparative data-sets on other seabirds, within and among orders, and in other locations, are needed to understand these environmental effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13119.x","usgsCitation":"Doherty, P., Schreiber, E., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Link, W., Schenk, G., and Schreiber, R., 2004, Testing life history predictions in a long-lived seabird: A population matrix approach with improved parameter estimation: Oikos, v. 105, no. 3, p. 606-618, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13119.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"618","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiber, E.A.","contributorId":84472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schenk, G.A.","contributorId":37446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schreiber, R.W.","contributorId":92782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5224776,"text":"5224776 - 2004 - Mortality of Mississippi Sandhill Crane chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:54:09","indexId":"5224776","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2191,"text":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality of Mississippi Sandhill Crane chicks","docAbstract":"Mississippi sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pulla) are a highly endangered species that live in the wild in 1 county in Mississippi. As part of a large effort to restore these endangered cranes, we are conducting a project to look at the causes of mortality in crane chicks on the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge in Gautier, MS, USA. This includes surgically implanting miniature radio transmitters in crane chicks to gather data on mortality. This article describes some of the practical difficulties in conducting this type of project in a savannah and swamp location along the Gulf Coast of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 2004, Mortality of Mississippi Sandhill Crane chicks: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v. 18, no. 4, p. 269-272.","productDescription":"269-272","startPage":"269","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17091,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1647%2F1082-6742(2004)018[0269%3AMOMSCC]2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224614,"text":"5224614 - 2004 - Modeling abundance effects in distance sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-29T15:57:28.992797","indexId":"5224614","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling abundance effects in distance sampling","docAbstract":"Distance-sampling methods are commonly used in studies of animal populations to estimate population density. A common objective of such studies is to evaluate the relationship between abundance or density and covariates that describe animal habitat or other environmental influences. However, little attention has been focused on methods of modeling abundance covariate effects in conventional distance-sampling models. In this paper we propose a distance-sampling model that accommodates covariate effects on abundance. The model is based on specification of the distance-sampling likelihood at the level of the sample unit in terms of local abundance (for each sampling unit). This model is augmented with a Poisson regression model for local abundance that is parameterized in terms of available covariates. Maximum-likelihood estimation of detection and density parameters is based on the integrated likelihood, wherein local abundance is removed from the likelihood by integration. We provide an example using avian point-transect data of Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) collected using a distance-sampling protocol and two measures of habitat structure (understory cover and basal area of overstory trees). The model yields a sensible description (positive effect of understory cover, negative effect on basal area) of the relationship between habitat and Ovenbird density that can be used to evaluate the effects of habitat management on Ovenbird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-3127","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., Dawson, D., and Bates, S., 2004, Modeling abundance effects in distance sampling: Ecology, v. 85, no. 6, p. 1591-1597, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-3127.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1591","endPage":"1597","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Frederick County","otherGeospatial":"Catoctin Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5579833984375,\n 39.457402514270825\n ],\n [\n -77.40692138671875,\n 39.457402514270825\n ],\n [\n -77.40692138671875,\n 39.68605343225986\n ],\n [\n -77.5579833984375,\n 39.68605343225986\n ],\n [\n -77.5579833984375,\n 39.457402514270825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bates, S.","contributorId":44271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224775,"text":"5224775 - 2004 - Book review: Oklahoma Breeding Bird Atlas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T10:56:18","indexId":"5224775","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Oklahoma Breeding Bird Atlas","docAbstract":"The first North American breeding bird atlases were initiated during the 1970s. With atlases completed or ongoing in more than 40 U.S. states and most Canadian provinces, these projects are now familiar to professional ornithologists and amateur birders. This book provides the results of the Oklahoma Breeding Bird Atlas, the data for which were collected during 1997–2001. Its appearance less than 3 years after completing fieldwork is remarkable and everyone associated with its timely publication should be congratulated for their efforts.
Review info: Oklahoma Breeding Bird Atlas. By Dan L. Reinking, 2004. ISBN: 0806136146, 528 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0281:LR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B.G., 2004, Book review: Oklahoma Breeding Bird Atlas: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3, p. 281-282, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0281:LR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47bbe4b07f02db4a3362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, Bruce G. bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"Bruce","email":"bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":342647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224774,"text":"5224774 - 2004 - Voices of New World Parrots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T13:59:30.370451","indexId":"5224774","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Voices of New World Parrots","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0193:BR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gustafson, M., 2004, Voices of New World Parrots: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 116, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0193:BR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"193","numberOfPages":"193","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b9e4b07f02db4a2388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustafson, Mary","contributorId":175186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustafson","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224599,"text":"5224599 - 2004 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5224599,"text":"5224599 - 2004 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"5224599","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224416,"text":"5224416 - 2004 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003","indexId":"5224416","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5224416,"text":"5224416 - 2004 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003","indexId":"5224416","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:55:23","indexId":"5224599","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","docAbstract":"The most notable finding at this station in 2003 was the sharp decline in recaptures of previously banded birds and most especially a Crash in the chickadee and titmouse populations. In the autumn of 2001, I recaptured 36 birds banded in previous autumns, but I caught only 24 returns in 2002 and 17 in 2003, a 33% drop each year. In 2002, Tufted Titmouse was my fourth most common species (19 caught) and Carolina Chickadee (15)was in seventh place. This year, I had only four titmice and six chickadees, declines of 79% and 60%. Until now, only the migratory species have been of concern. We suspect West Nile virus is responsible. However, the oldest bird we recaptured this year was Blue Jay 723-42798, banded as HY in 1993, a species known to be especially vulnerable to West Nile. Half of this year's returns were cardinals, the oldest of which was only four years of age. My birds/100nh continues to drop each year without any noticeable change in surrounding habitat.
The only banded migrant known to have remained here for more than a week was a Swainson's Thrush that weighed 31.9 g on 4 Oct and 41.6 g nine days later, an increase of 30%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 2004, Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765): North American Bird Bander, v. 29, no. 3, p. 126-126.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337259,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's County","city":"Laurel","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224395,"text":"5224395 - 2004 - Estimation of sex-specific survival from capture-recapture data when sex is not always known","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-13T16:05:38.772379","indexId":"5224395","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of sex-specific survival from capture-recapture data when sex is not always known","docAbstract":"Many animals lack obvious sexual dimorphism, making assignment of sex difficult even for observed or captured animals. For many such species it is possible to assign sex with certainty only at some occasions; for example, when they exhibit certain types of behavior. A common approach to handling this situation in capture-recapture studies has been to group capture histories into those of animals eventually identified as male and female and those for which sex was never known. Because group membership is dependent on the number of occasions at which an animal was caught or observed (known sex animals, on average, will have been observed at more occasions than unknown-sex animals), survival estimates for known-sex animals will be positively biased, and those for unknown animals will be negatively biased. In this paper, we develop capture-recapture models that incorporate sex ratio and sex assignment parameters that permit unbiased estimation in the face of this sampling problem. We demonstrate the magnitude of bias in the traditional capture-recapture approach to this sampling problem, and we explore properties of estimators from other ad hoc approaches. The model is then applied to capture-recapture data for adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) at Falkner Island, Connecticut, 1993-2002. Sex ratio among adults in this population favors females, and we tested the hypothesis that this population showed sex-specific differences in adult survival. Evidence was provided for higher survival of adult females than males, as predicted. We recommend use of this modeling approach for future capture-recapture studies in which sex cannot always be assigned to captured or observed animals. We also place this problem in the more general context of uncertainty in state classification in multistate capture-recapture models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-0578","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Kendall, W., Hines, J., and Spendelow, J., 2004, Estimation of sex-specific survival from capture-recapture data when sex is not always known: Ecology, v. 85, no. 12, p. 3192-3201, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0578.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3192","endPage":"3201","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Falkner Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.65443325042725,\n 41.21288373722492\n ],\n [\n -72.65529155731201,\n 41.21217349004246\n ],\n [\n -72.65477657318114,\n 41.21152780409429\n ],\n [\n -72.65529155731201,\n 41.21052697828058\n ],\n [\n -72.65408992767334,\n 41.21059154814995\n ],\n [\n -72.65318870544434,\n 41.21152780409429\n ],\n [\n -72.65280246734618,\n 41.21201206915286\n ],\n [\n -72.65288829803467,\n 41.21327114152892\n ],\n [\n -72.6537036895752,\n 41.2136585435387\n ],\n [\n -72.65413284301756,\n 41.21352940979034\n ],\n [\n -72.65443325042725,\n 41.21288373722492\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224462,"text":"5224462 - 2004 - Marsupials from Argentina: Comments on Ojeda and Monjeau (1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T15:20:09","indexId":"5224462","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2694,"text":"Mastozoologia Neotropical","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marsupials from Argentina: Comments on Ojeda and Monjeau (1995)","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pinto, M., and Gardner, A.L., 2004, Marsupials from Argentina: Comments on Ojeda and Monjeau (1995): Mastozoologia Neotropical, v. 11, no. 2, p. 257-260.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinto, M.C.","contributorId":73309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinto","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Afred L.","contributorId":111665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Afred","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224430,"text":"5224430 - 2004 - Computing and software","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T12:02:10","indexId":"5224430","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computing and software","docAbstract":"The reality is that the statistical methods used for analysis of data depend upon the availability of software. Analysis of marked animal data is no different than the rest of the statistical field. The methods used for analysis are those that are available in reliable software packages. Thus, the critical importance of having reliable, up–to–date software available to biologists is obvious. Statisticians have continued to develop more robust models, ever expanding the suite of potential analysis methods
available. But without software to implement these newer methods, they will languish in the abstract, and not be applied to the problems deserving them.
In the Computers and Software Session, two new software packages are described, a comparison of implementation of methods for the estimation of nest survival is provided, and a more speculative paper about how the next generation of software might be structured is presented.
Rotella et al. (2004) compare nest survival estimation with different software packages: SAS logistic regression, SAS non–linear mixed models, and Program MARK. Nests are assumed to be visited at various, possibly infrequent, intervals. All of the approaches described compute nest survival with the same likelihood, and require that the age of the nest is known to account for nests that eventually hatch. However, each approach offers advantages and disadvantages, explored by Rotella et al. (2004).
Efford et al. (2004) present a new software package called DENSITY. The package computes population abundance and density from trapping arrays and other detection methods with a new and unique approach. DENSITY represents the first major addition to the analysis of trapping arrays in 20 years.
Barker & White (2004) discuss how existing software such as Program MARK require that each new model’s likelihood must be programmed specifically for that model. They wishfully think that future software might allow the user to combine pieces of likelihood functions together to generate estimates. The idea is interesting, and maybe some bright young statistician can work out the specifics to implement the procedure.
Choquet et al. (2004) describe MSURGE, a software package that implements the multistate capture–recapture models. The unique feature of MSURGE is that the design matrix is constructed with an interpreted language called GEMACO. Because MSURGE is limited to just multistate models, the special requirements of these likelihoods can be provided.
The software and methods presented in these papers gives biologists and wildlife managers an expanding range of possibilities for data analysis. Although ease–of–use is generally getting better, it does not replace the need for understanding of the requirements and structure of the models being computed. The internet provides access to many free software packages as well as user–discussion groups to share knowledge and ideas. (A starting point for wildlife–related applications is (http://www.phidot.org).
The EURING meetings and the scientists who have attended them have contributed substantially to the growth of knowledge in the field of estimating parameters of animal populations. The contributions of David R. Anderson to process modeling, parameter estimation and decision analysis are briefly reviewed. Metrics are considered for assessing individual contributions to a field of inquiry, and it is concluded that Anderson’s contributions have been substantial. Important characteristics of Anderson and his career are the ability to identify and focus on important topics, the premium placed on dissemination of new methods to prospective users, the ability to assemble teams of complementary researchers, and the innovation and vision that characterized so much of his work. The paper concludes with a list of interesting current research topics for consideration by EURING participants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Ciencies Natural de Barcelona","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., 2004, Evolution of quantitative methods for the study and management of avian populations: on the importance of individual contributions: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 3-19.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16748,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://abc.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-27-1-2004-abc/evolution-of-quantitative-methods-for-the-study-and-management-of-avian-populations-on-the-importance-of-individual-contributions/?lang=en","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224432,"text":"5224432 - 2004 - DENSITY: software for analysing capture-recapture data from passive detector arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:58:47","indexId":"5224432","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DENSITY: software for analysing capture-recapture data from passive detector arrays","docAbstract":"A general computer-intensive method is described for fitting spatial detection functions to capture-recapture data from arrays of passive detectors such as live traps and mist nets. The method is used to estimate the population density of 10 species of breeding birds sampled by mist-netting in deciduous forest at Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, Maryland, U.S.A., from 1961 to 1972. Total density (9.9 ? 0.6 ha-1 mean ? SE) appeared to decline over time (slope -0.41 ? 0.15 ha-1y-1). The mean precision of annual estimates for all 10 species pooled was acceptable (CV(D) = 14%). Spatial analysis of closed-population capture-recapture data highlighted deficiencies in non-spatial methodologies. For example, effective trapping area cannot be assumed constant when detection probability is variable. Simulation may be used to evaluate alternative designs for mist net arrays where density estimation is a study goal.","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona","usgsCitation":"Efford, M., Dawson, D., and Robbins, C., 2004, DENSITY: software for analysing capture-recapture data from passive detector arrays: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 217-228.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16749,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://abc.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-27-1-2004-abc/density-software-for-analysing-capture-recapture-data-from-passive-detector-arrays/?lang=en"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Efford, M.G.","contributorId":13352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Efford","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224447,"text":"5224447 - 2004 - Effectiveness of a confinement strategy for reducing campsite impacts in Shenandoah National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-18T17:05:25.964757","indexId":"5224447","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1531,"text":"Environmental Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of a confinement strategy for reducing campsite impacts in Shenandoah National Park","docAbstract":"The expansion and proliferation of backcountry campsites is a persistent problem in many parks and protected areas. Shenandoah National Park (SNP) has one of the highest backcountry overnight use densities in the USA national parks system. SNP managers implemented a multi-option backcountry camping policy in 2000 that included camping containment with established campsites. These actions were intended to reduce the number of campsites and the area of camping disturbance at each site. This paper describes a longitudinal adaptive management assessment of the new campsite policies, applying quantitative measures of campsite conditions to evaluate the efficacy of management interventions. Physical campsite measurements combined with qualitative visitor interviews indicated SNP had successfully reduced the number of campsites and aggregate measures of camping-related disturbance in the Park, while minimizing the use of regulations, site facilities and staff resources. Implications for managers of other protected areas are that an established site camping policy can minimize camping disturbance, including the number and size of campsites, provided managers can sustain rehabilitation efforts to close and restore unneeded campsites. Experiential attributes, such as the potential for solitude, can also be manipulated through control over the selection of established campsites. Integrating resource and social science methods also provided a more holistic perspective on management policy assessments. Adaptive management research provided a timely evaluation of management success while facilitating effective modifications in response to unforeseen challenges. Conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a visitor impact containment strategy involving an established site camping option are offered.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0376892904001602","usgsCitation":"Reid, S.E., and Marion, J., 2004, Effectiveness of a confinement strategy for reducing campsite impacts in Shenandoah National Park: Environmental Conservation, v. 31, no. 4, p. 274-282, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892904001602.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"282","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001602","text":"External Repository"},{"id":201747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.59069824218749,\n 38.39979663000095\n ],\n [\n -78.33251953125,\n 38.39979663000095\n ],\n [\n -78.33251953125,\n 38.53849850597664\n ],\n [\n -78.59069824218749,\n 38.53849850597664\n ],\n [\n -78.59069824218749,\n 38.39979663000095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, S. E.","contributorId":88847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224437,"text":"5224437 - 2004 - Occupancy as a surrogate for abundance estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T12:03:33","indexId":"5224437","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy as a surrogate for abundance estimation","docAbstract":"In many monitoring programmes it may be prohibitively expensive to estimate the actual abundance of a bird species in a defined area, particularly at large spatial scales, or where birds occur at very low densities. Often it may be appropriate to consider the proportion of area occupied by the species as an alternative state variable. However, as with abundance estimation, issues of detectability must be taken into account in order to make accurate inferences: the non?detection of the species does not imply the species is genuinely absent. Here we review some recent modelling developments that permit unbiased estimation of the proportion of area occupied, colonization and local extinction probabilities. These methods allow for unequal sampling effort and enable covariate information on sampling locations to be incorporated. We also describe how these models could be extended to incorporate information from marked individuals, which would enable finer questions of population dynamics (such as turnover rate of nest sites by specific breeding pairs) to be addressed. We believe these models may be applicable to a wide range of bird species and may be useful for investigating various questions of ecological interest. For example, with respect to habitat quality, we might predict that a species is more likely to have higher local extinction probabilities, or higher turnover rates of specific breeding pairs, in poor quality habitats.","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D., and Nichols, J., 2004, Occupancy as a surrogate for abundance estimation: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 461-467.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16754,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://abc.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-27-1-2004-abc/occupancy-as-a-surrogate-for-abundance-estimation/?lang=en","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224435,"text":"5224435 - 2004 - Abundance estimation and conservation biology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T12:06:27","indexId":"5224435","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance estimation and conservation biology","docAbstract":"Abundance is the state variable of interest in most population–level ecological research and in most programs involving management and conservation of animal populations. Abundance is the single parameter of interest in capture–recapture models for closed populations (e.g., Darroch, 1958; Otis et al., 1978; Chao, 2001). The initial capture–recapture models developed for partially (Darroch, 1959) and completely (Jolly, 1965; Seber, 1965) open populations represented efforts to relax the restrictive assumption of population closure for the purpose of estimating abundance. Subsequent emphases in capture–recapture work were on survival rate estimation in the 1970’s and 1980’s (e.g., Burnham et al., 1987; Lebreton et al.,1992), and on movement estimation in the 1990’s (Brownie et al., 1993; Schwarz et al., 1993). However, from the mid–1990’s until the present time, capture–recapture investigators have expressed a renewed interest in abundance and related parameters (Pradel, 1996; Schwarz & Arnason, 1996; Schwarz, 2001). The focus of this session was abundance, and presentations covered topics ranging from estimation of abundance and rate of change in abundance, to inferences about the demographic processes underlying changes in abundance, to occupancy as a surrogate of abundance. The plenary paper by Link & Barker (2004) is provocative and very interesting, and it contains a number of important messages and suggestions. Link & Barker (2004) emphasize that the increasing complexity of capture–recapture models has resulted in large numbers of parameters and that a challenge to ecologists is to extract ecological signals from this complexity. They offer hierarchical models as a natural approach to inference in which traditional parameters are viewed as realizations of stochastic processes. These processes are governed by hyperparameters, and the inferential approach focuses on these hyperparameters. Link & Barker (2004) also suggest that our attention should be focused on relationships between demographic processes such as survival and recruitment, the two quantities responsible for changes in abundance, rather than simply on the magnitudes of these quantities. They describe a type of Jolly–Seber capture–recapture model that permits inference about the underlying relationship between per capita recruitment rates and survival rates (Link & Barker, this volume). Implementation used Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and appeared to work well, yielding inferences about the relationship between recruitment and survival that were robust to selection of prior distribution. We believe that readers will find their arguments compelling, and we expect to see increased use of hierarchical modeling approaches in capture–recapture and related fields. Otto (presentation without paper) also recommended use of hierarchical models in analysis of multiple data sources dealing with population dynamics of North American mallards. He integrated survival inferences from ringing data, abundance information from aerial survey data, and recruitment information based on age ratios from a harvest survey. He used a Leslie matrix population projection model as an integrating framework and obtained estimates of breeding population size using all data.Otto’s approach also permitted inference about biases in estimated quantities. As with the work of Link & Barker (2004), we find Otto’s recommendation to use hierarchical models to integrate data from multiple sources to be very compelling. Alisauskas et al. (2004) report results of an analysis of capture–recapture data for a askatchewan population of white–winged scoters. They used the approach of Pradel (1996) to estimate population growth rate (See the PDF) directly. Estimates for 1975–1985 were quite low, but estimates for the recent period, 2000–2003,increased to values > 1. Parameter estimates for seniority, survival and per capita recruitment (Pradel, 1996) led to the inference that increased recruitment was largely responsible for the improvements in population status and growth. However, various data sources also indicated that this increase in recruitment was likely a result of increased immigration rather than improved reproduction on the area. This latter inference is important from a conservation perspective in indicating the importance of birds in other locations to growth and health of the study population. Lukacs and Burnham presented material to be published elsewhere that dealt with the use of genetic markers in capture–recapture studies. The data sources for such studies are samples of hair or feces, which are then analyzed using molecular genetic techniques in order to determine individual genotypes with respect to a usually small number of loci. Two types of classification error can arise in such analyses. First, if only a small number of loci is examined, then there may be nonnegligible probabilities that multiple individual animals will have the same genotypes. The second type of error arises during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process and can result from failure of alleles to amplify (allelic dropout) or from PCR inhibitors in hair and feces that produce the appearance of false alleles or misprinting (Creel et al., 2003). Lukacs and Burnham developed models that formally incorporate possible misclassification of samples resulting from these errors. These models permit estimation of parameters such as abundance and survival in a manner that properly incorporates this uncertainty of individual identity. We anticipate that noninvasive sampling based on molecular genetic analyses of hair or feces will become extremely important for some species, and that the models of Lukacs and Burnham will become very popular for such analyses. MacKenzie & Nichols (2004) discuss the use of occupancy (proportion of patches or habitat area that is occupied) as a surrogate for abundance. In cases of territorial species and where birds occur at low densities, the number of occupied patches may provide a reasonable estimate of abundance. In other cases, occupancy can be viewed as providing information about one tail of the abundance distribution, P (N = 0). The motivation for considering occupancy as a surrogate for abundance is that occupancy is based on so–called presence–absence surveys that are frequently less expensive of time and effort than methods that estimate abundance directly. We describe one set of models that can be used to estimate occupancy for a single season and another that can be used to estimate parameters such as local probabilities of extinction and colonization that are associated with occupancy dynamics. We outline a possible hybrid approach that combines occupancy data with data on marked individuals in order to betterexplore the mechanisms underlying occupancy dynamics. These five presentations made for an interesting session containing useful information and recommendations for future work. A number of themes connecting these presentations could be emphasized. For example, two of the presentations considered alternatives to standard capture–recapture sampling that can be used to draw inferences about abundance, or a portion of the abundance distribution, with field methods that should be less expensive than usual capture–recapture approaches of handling animals. We believe that the most important theme of the session was the emphasis on the processes responsible for changes in abundance. In particular, we are excited by the potential for using hierarchical models as a means of investigating relationships among vital rates and as a means of combining multiple sources of data relevant to system dynamics. Indeed, we expect the importance of this session theme to be reflected in the content and presentations of the next EURING meeting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and MacKenzie, D., 2004, Abundance estimation and conservation biology: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 437-439.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16752,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://abc.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-27-1-2004-abc/abundance-estimation-and-conservation-biology/?lang=en","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224434,"text":"5224434 - 2004 - Generalized estimators of avian abundance from count survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T12:08:11","indexId":"5224434","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized estimators of avian abundance from count survey data","docAbstract":"I consider modeling avian abundance from spatially referenced bird count data collected according to common protocols such as capture?recapture, multiple observer, removal sampling and simple point counts. Small sample sizes and large numbers of parameters have motivated many analyses that disregard the spatial indexing of the data, and thus do not provide an adequate treatment of spatial structure. I describe a general framework for modeling spatially replicated data that regards local abundance as a random process, motivated by the view that the set of spatially referenced local populations (at the sample locations) constitute a metapopulation. Under this view, attention can be focused on developing a model for the variation in local abundance independent of the sampling protocol being considered. The metapopulation model structure, when combined with the data generating model, define a simple hierarchical model that can be analyzed using conventional methods. The proposed modeling framework is completely general in the sense that broad classes of metapopulation models may be considered, site level covariates on detection and abundance may be considered, and estimates of abundance and related quantities may be obtained for sample locations, groups of locations, unsampled locations. Two brief examples are given, the first involving simple point counts, and the second based on temporary removal counts. Extension of these models to open systems is briefly discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2004, Generalized estimators of avian abundance from count survey data: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 375-386.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://abc.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-27-1-2004-abc/generalized-estimators-of-avian-abundance-from-count-survey-data/?lang=en","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6afca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}