In coastal areas, wells near bodies of tidal water frequently exhibit sinusoidal fluctuations of water level, in response to periodic changes of tidewater stage. Inland, the regulation of a surface reservoir often produces correlative changes of ground-water stage in wells adjacent either to the reservoir or to its attendant stream. As the stage of the surface water rises, the head upon the subaqueous outcrop of the aquifer increases and thereby either increases the rate of inflow to the aquifer or reduces the rate of outflow therefrom. The increase in recharge or reduction in discharge results in a general recovery of water level in the aquifer. On the subsequent falling stage this pattern is reversed. When the stage of the surface body fluctuates as a simple harmonic motion a train of sinusoidal waves is propagated shoreward through the sub-outcrop of the aquifer. With increasing distance from the sub-outcrop, the amplitude of the transmitted wave decreases and the time lag of a given maximum or minimum increases.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70133368","usgsCitation":"Ferris, J.G., 1952, Cyclic fluctuations of water level as a basis for determining aquifer transmissibility, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70133368.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":296003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70133368.PNG"},{"id":309502,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70133368/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546484aae4b0ba83040c95d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferris, John G.","contributorId":14251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175963,"text":"ofrND27 - 1952 - Geology and hydrology of the Kanopolis Unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties, Kansas, with a section on The chemical quality of the water, by R.A. Krieger","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:49:32","indexId":"ofrND27","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ND-27","title":"Geology and hydrology of the Kanopolis Unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties, Kansas, with a section on The chemical quality of the water, by R.A. Krieger","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.3133/ofrND27","usgsCitation":"Waterman, W., and Krieger, R.A., 1952, Geology and hydrology of the Kanopolis Unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties, Kansas, with a section on The chemical quality of the water, by R.A. Krieger: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report ND-27, 186 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofrND27.","productDescription":"186 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dce4b03fd6b7df2cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waterman, W.D.","contributorId":103353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waterman","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krieger, R. A.","contributorId":11202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175966,"text":"70175966 - 1952 - Ground-water resources of Pawnee Valley, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:57:08","indexId":"70175966","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water resources of Pawnee Valley, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":" University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V., 1952, Ground-water resources of Pawnee Valley, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 94, 144 p. .","productDescription":"144 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"94","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dde4b03fd6b7df2d14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224112,"text":"5224112 - 1952 - Waterfowl wintering grounds of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5224112","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:21","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3637,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl wintering grounds of Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Saunders, G., 1952, Waterfowl wintering grounds of Mexico: Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference, v. 17, p. 89-100.","productDescription":"89-100","startPage":"89","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saunders, G.B.","contributorId":51862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220824,"text":"5220824 - 1952 - Wildlife and the business of farming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:41","indexId":"5220824","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:20","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife and the business of farming","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Allen, D., 1952, Wildlife and the business of farming: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 7, no. 5, p. 223-227.","productDescription":"223-227","startPage":"223","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, D.L.","contributorId":28324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159078,"text":"tei161 - 1952 - Present and past ground-water conditions in the Morrison Formation in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T12:59:28","indexId":"tei161","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-02T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"161","title":"Present and past ground-water conditions in the Morrison Formation in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"Field and laboratory studies of ground-water conditions in the carnotite-bearing Morrison formation in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah were undertaken to determine possible relations between ground waters and the carnotite deposits.
\nThe ore-bearing sandstone consists of lenticular sandstone strata, interbedded within discontinuous layers of mudstone; these strata were deposited in a stream environment. The porosity and permeability of the ore-bearing sandstone in one area are relatively low, porosity averaging about 15 percent and permeability ranging between 30 and 3300 millidarcys. Permeability studies in this same area show that sandstone classed as favorable for ore is slightly more permeable than and has nearly twice the transmissibility of sandstone classed as semifavorable; outcrop studies also suggest a lower transmissibility for sandstone that is unfavorable.
\nSamples of water from the ore-bearing and associated strata show considerable variation in chemical charter. These water samples are generally low in uranium, vanadium, copper, and lead, most samples containing less than 1 part per million (ppm) of each metal.
\nGeneral geologic relations suggest that ground-water movement probably was active through the ore-bearing strata during their deposition and shortly afterward. Movement during this time probably occurred largely through the more permeable sand strata and in the general direction of initial dip and stream flow. During Cretaceous time, when several thousand feet of marine sediments accumulated over the Morrison, the water contained in the ore-bearing strata probably was immobile or nearly so and was protected from escape or contamination. Following Tertiary deformation and erosion, active ground-water circulation no doubt was restored, but because of the low permeability and the lenticular character and therefore low transmissibility of the ore-bearing sandstone, ground-water movement probably was slow. Faulting probably also influenced the direction and rate of ground-water movement during Tertiary time.
\nMovement and localization of ground water would permit the concentration of metal-bearing solutions during Salt Wash and early Brushy Basin time in the beds that now contain ore deposits. It is more difficult to explain the formation of these deposits, which have a wide geographic distribution at a restricted stratigraphic position, from solutions circulating through the rocks at a later date.
\nWhatever mode of origin is used to explain the deposits, geologists almost without exception, agree that the metals were transported by solutions that have migrated through the sediments for considerable distances. For this reason, a study of the horizontal and vertical transmissibility characteristics of all exposed sedimentary formations on the Colorado Plateau is planned.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tei161","usgsCitation":"Phoenix, D.A., 1952, Present and past ground-water conditions in the Morrison Formation in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 161, Report: 42 p.; 6 Plates: 31 x 21 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei161.","productDescription":"Report: 42 p.; 6 Plates: 31 x 21 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309910,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"5.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"},{"id":309909,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"1.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":309911,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"5.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 5"},{"id":309912,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"2.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 6"},{"id":309902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":309908,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"4.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":309907,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"4.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","county":"Mesa County, Montrose County, San Miguel County","otherGeospatial":"Calamity Mesa, Atkinson Mesa, Slick Rock area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.5941162109375,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -109.5941162109375,\n 39.08530414503412\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 39.08530414503412\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -109.5941162109375,\n 37.735969208590504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce93e4b06217fc478b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phoenix, D. A.","contributorId":92665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phoenix","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197598,"text":"70197598 - 1952 - Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1951","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T18:52:09.980244","indexId":"70197598","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1951","docAbstract":"Ground-water studies in the Missouri River Basin were begun by the United States Geological Survey during the fall of 1945 as a part of the program for development of the resources of the basin by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and other Federal Agencies. The studies of the ground-water resources in the part of Kansas that lies within the Basin have been coordinated with the cooperative program of ground-water studies already being made in Kansas by the U.S. Geological Survey, the State Geological Survey of Kansas, the Division of Sanitation of the Kansas State Board of Health, and the Division of Water Resources of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
Areas in which ground-water data have been collected for the Missouri Basin program include the Almena Unit in Norton and Phillips Counties; the Bostwick Unit in Jewell, Republic, and Cloud Counties; the Cedar Bluff Unit in Ellis, Rush, and Trego Counties; the Glen Elder Unit in Mitchell County; Kanopolis unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties; Kirwin unit in Phillips, Smith, and Osborne Counties; the Ladder Creek project in Greeley, Gove, Lane, Logan, Scott, Wallace, and Wichita Counties; the St. Francis unit in Cheyenne County; the Webster Unit in Osborne County; and the Wilson Unit in Lincoln County. Data relating to the Ladder Creek project will be published later in a separate report.
This report is the fifth of a series of annual reports on ground-water in the above-named units in Kansas and contains the data collected mostly during 1951. An index to the data that were collected and presented in the 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, and 1951 reports is given in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70197598","collaboration":"Compiled in cooperation with the State Geological Survey of Kansas, the Division of Sanitation of the Kansas State Board of Health, and the Division of Water Resources of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture.","usgsCitation":"Mason, B., and Berry, D.W., 1952, Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1951: Open-File Report, iv, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70197598.","productDescription":"iv, 119 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401065,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70197598/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70197598/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, B.J.","contributorId":53029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Delmar W.","contributorId":25107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Delmar","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14921,"text":"ofr53166 - 1952 - The Permian phosphorite deposits of western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-08T17:09:17.21084","indexId":"ofr53166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-166","title":"The Permian phosphorite deposits of western United States","docAbstract":"The Permian marine phosphorite deposits of the western United States were laid down in the Phosphoria formation and its partial stratigraphic equivalents over an area of about 135,000 square miles in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. The deposits in the eastern part of the field lie on the western margin of the structurally simple North American craton. The rocks there consist of a few thin, locally glauconitic, nodular phosphorites, generally containing less than 30 percent P205, interbedded with nodular limestones, calcareous mudstones, and sandstones. Eastward these marine beds tongue out into continental redbeds. The deposits in the western part of the field are a part of the complexly folded Cordilleran miogeosyncline. The facies there are of a deeper-water type and include thick phosphorite layers containing as much as 35 percent P205 black phosphatic mudstones, limestones, and well-bedded black cherts.
The phosphorite deposits are composed chiefly of colloform carbonate-fluorapatite, quartz, and clay. In addition to phosphorus, they contain several minor elements that are of potential economic interest. The most important of these are fluorine, vanadium, chromium, nickel, rare earths, zinc, and uranium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53166","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V., Swanson, R.W., and Sheldon, R.P., 1952, The Permian phosphorite deposits of western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-166, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53166.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0166/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0166/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ],\n [\n -129.9462890625,\n 55.36662484928637\n ],\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 56.145549500679074\n ],\n [\n -131.9677734375,\n 56.9449741808516\n ],\n [\n -135.3076171875,\n 59.833775202184206\n ],\n [\n -136.38427734375,\n 59.65664225341022\n ],\n [\n -136.6259765625,\n 59.23217626921806\n ],\n [\n -137.52685546875,\n 58.938673187948304\n ],\n [\n -137.65869140625,\n 59.33318942659219\n ],\n [\n -138.8232421875,\n 60.009970961180386\n ],\n [\n -139.21874999999997,\n 60.108670463036\n ],\n [\n -139.04296875,\n 60.403001945865476\n ],\n [\n -139.85595703125,\n 60.337823495982015\n ],\n [\n -140.99853515625,\n 60.337823495982015\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 69.71810669906763\n ],\n [\n -143.4375,\n 70.17020068549206\n ],\n [\n -145.1953125,\n 70.08056215839737\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 70.58341752317065\n ],\n [\n -152.40234375,\n 70.61261423801925\n ],\n [\n -152.314453125,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -157.1484375,\n 71.35706654962706\n ],\n [\n -159.9609375,\n 70.8734913192635\n ],\n [\n -162.0703125,\n 70.31873847853124\n ],\n [\n -163.916015625,\n 69.06856318696033\n ],\n [\n -166.376953125,\n 68.942606818121\n ],\n [\n -166.376953125,\n 68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -163.30078125,\n 66.86108230224609\n ],\n [\n -161.982421875,\n 66.47820814385636\n ],\n [\n -163.564453125,\n 66.08936427047088\n ],\n [\n -163.564453125,\n 66.6181218846659\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 66.40795547978848\n ],\n [\n -168.0908203125,\n 65.69447579373418\n ],\n [\n -166.55273437499997,\n 65.14611484756372\n ],\n [\n -166.904296875,\n 65.05360170595502\n ],\n [\n -166.3330078125,\n 64.41592147626879\n ],\n [\n -162.861328125,\n 64.39693778132846\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 64.90491004905083\n ],\n [\n -161.0595703125,\n 64.47279382008166\n ],\n [\n -161.4990234375,\n 64.49172504435471\n ],\n [\n -160.8837890625,\n 63.87939001720202\n ],\n [\n -161.1474609375,\n 63.470144746565424\n ],\n [\n -162.6416015625,\n 63.64625919492172\n ],\n [\n -163.212890625,\n 63.05495931065107\n ],\n [\n -164.2236328125,\n 63.37183226679281\n ],\n [\n -166.1572265625,\n 61.75233128411639\n ],\n [\n -165.3662109375,\n 60.54377524118842\n ],\n [\n -167.431640625,\n 60.326947742998414\n ],\n [\n -167.255859375,\n 59.866883195210214\n ],\n [\n -165.8935546875,\n 59.7563950493563\n ],\n [\n -162.68554687499997,\n 59.734253447591364\n ],\n [\n -162.3779296875,\n 60.174306261926034\n ],\n [\n -161.806640625,\n 59.46740794183739\n ],\n [\n -162.0263671875,\n 59.108308258604964\n ],\n [\n -161.806640625,\n 58.768200159239576\n ],\n [\n -162.20214843749997,\n 58.65408464530598\n ],\n [\n -160.83984375,\n 58.44773280389084\n ],\n [\n -159.9609375,\n 58.6769376725869\n ],\n [\n -159.08203125,\n 58.309488840677645\n ],\n [\n -156.88476562499997,\n 58.92733441827545\n ],\n [\n -157.5,\n 58.516651799363785\n ],\n [\n -157.8076171875,\n 57.61010702068388\n ],\n [\n -161.54296875,\n 56.022948079627454\n ],\n [\n -168.6181640625,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -174.9462890625,\n 52.26815737376817\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 51.83577752045248\n ],\n [\n -173.1884765625,\n 51.590722643120145\n ],\n [\n -162.5537109375,\n 54.23955053156177\n ],\n [\n -155.302734375,\n 55.52863052257191\n ],\n [\n -151.4794921875,\n 57.51582286553883\n ],\n [\n -146.9970703125,\n 60.08676274626006\n ],\n [\n -145.546875,\n 60.21799073323445\n ],\n [\n -144.228515625,\n 59.689926220143356\n ],\n [\n -142.3828125,\n 59.93300042374631\n ],\n [\n -138.3837890625,\n 58.83649009392136\n ],\n [\n -135.6591796875,\n 56.31653672211301\n ],\n [\n -133.2421875,\n 54.521081495443596\n ],\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.796875,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -67.939453125,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -82.68310546875,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -82.24365234375,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -82.41943359375,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -83.95751953125,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -84.24316406249999,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -90.76904296874999,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 48.37084770238366\n ],\n [\n -92.39501953125,\n 48.23930899024907\n ],\n [\n -92.94433593749999,\n 48.61838518688487\n ],\n [\n -93.44970703125,\n 48.63290858589535\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 48.748945343432936\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 49.23912083246698\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 49.396675075193976\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -123.24462890625,\n 48.66194284607006\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 48.32703913063476\n ],\n [\n -124.78271484375,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -124.93652343749999,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -124.93652343749999,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 41.22824901518529\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -124.03564453125,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -122.05810546875,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.491230287947594\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 31.297327991404266\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -104.9853515625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -104.47998046875,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -103.20556640625,\n 28.94086176940557\n ],\n [\n -102.65625,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -102.3486328125,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -101.49169921875,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -100.83251953125,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -100.30517578125,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -99.60205078124999,\n 27.586197857692664\n ],\n [\n -99.47021484375,\n 27.31321389856826\n ],\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.52956523826758\n ],\n [\n -98.2177734375,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -97.75634765625,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 25.93828707492375\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 27.858503954841247\n ],\n [\n -93.75732421875,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -88.22021484375,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -85.2978515625,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -82.81494140625,\n 28.555576049185973\n ],\n [\n -83.21044921875,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 25.264568475331583\n ],\n [\n -82.28759765625,\n 24.467150664739002\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 24.56710835257599\n ],\n [\n -79.78271484375,\n 25.34402602913433\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 27.27416111737468\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -80.66162109375,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 34.07086232376631\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 35.263561862152095\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -73.58642578125,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -69.63134765625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -70.3564453125,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -67.2802734375,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -67.0166015625,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -66.796875,\n 44.902577996288876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.56640625,\n 18.771115062337024\n ],\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 19.642587534013032\n ],\n [\n -156.9287109375,\n 21.453068633086783\n ],\n [\n -159.521484375,\n 22.43134015636061\n ],\n [\n -160.5322265625,\n 21.983801417384697\n ],\n [\n -159.9609375,\n 21.207458730482642\n ],\n [\n -158.291015625,\n 20.92039691397189\n ],\n [\n -156.97265625,\n 19.932041306115536\n ],\n [\n -155.9619140625,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -155.56640625,\n 18.771115062337024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, V.E.","contributorId":85161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Roger Warren","contributorId":13946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheldon, Richard Porter","contributorId":59018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheldon","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Porter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":15099,"text":"ofr52104 - 1952 - Marl deposits in the Wasilla area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T15:23:40.097263","indexId":"ofr52104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-104","title":"Marl deposits in the Wasilla area, Alaska","docAbstract":"Marl occurs in several localities in the Cook Inlet area in south-central Alaska. The most significant known deposits are found in the Wasilla area, about 30 miles north of the city of Anchorage.
In this area marl has been deposited in three fresh water lakes--Wasilla Lake, Finger Lake and Lucile Lake. The accumulation of the high-lime material (which is still in progress) has taken place in sheltered embayments and shallow marginal areas of the lakes with algae probably acting as precipitating agents. In some instances the embayments have been completely filled with marl and subsequently overlain by a layer of muskeg, effectively sealing off the deposits from the lake proper.
The marl in and adjacent to Wasilla and Finger Lakes attains a maximum thickness of about 21 feet, while the deposits in Lucile Take are generally thinner and discontinuous, but relatively widely distributed.
Some of the material probably would be of suitable composition for the manufacture of portland cement, but the amount of such material discovered to date is insufficient for this purpose.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr52104","usgsCitation":"Moxham, R.M., and Eckhart, R.A., 1952, Marl deposits in the Wasilla area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-104, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52104.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0104/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":428827,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0104/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Wasilla area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.82704127369112,\n 62.14398312964414\n ],\n [\n -151.82704127369112,\n 59.708588640655364\n ],\n [\n -148.26013187397905,\n 59.708588640655364\n ],\n [\n -148.26013187397905,\n 62.14398312964414\n ],\n [\n -151.82704127369112,\n 62.14398312964414\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c7bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moxham, Robert M.","contributorId":56210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhart, Richard A.","contributorId":23551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhart","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16326,"text":"ofr52160 - 1952 - Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr52160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-160","title":"Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Alaska-Juneau lode system for many years was one of the world\u0019s leading gold-producing areas. Total production from the years 1893 to 1946 has amounted to about 94 million dollars, with principal values in contained gold but with some silver and lead values. The principal mine is the Alaska-Juneau mine, from which the lode system takes its name.\r\n\r\nThe lode system is a part of a larger gold-bearing belt, generally referred to as the Juneau gold belt, along the western border of the Coast Range batholith.\r\n\r\nThe rocks of the Alaska-Juneau lode system consist of a monoclinal sequence of steeply northeasterly dipping volcanic, state, and schist rocks, all of which have been metamorphosed by dynamic and thermal processes attendant with the intrusion of the Coast Range batholith. The rocks form a series of belts that trend northwest parallel to the Coast Range. In addition to the Coast Range batholith lying a mile to the east of the lode system, there are numerous smaller intrusives, all of which are sill-like in form and are thus conformable to the regional structure.\r\n\r\nThe bedded rocks are Mesozoic in age; the Coast Range batholith is Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous in age. Some of the smaller intrusives pre-date the batholith, others post-date it. All of the rocks are cut by steeply dipping faults.\r\n\r\nThe Alaska-Juneau lode system is confined exclusively to the footwall portion of the Perseverance slate band. The slate band is composed of black slate and black phyllite with lesser amounts of thin-bedded quartzite. Intrusive into the slate band are many sill-like bodies of rocks generally referred to as meta-gabbro.\r\n\r\nThe gold deposits of the lode system are found both within the slate rocks and the meta-gabbro rocks, and particularly in those places where meta-gabbro bodies interfinger with slate. Thus the ore bodies are found in and near the terminations of meta-gabbro bodies.\r\n\r\nThe ore bodies are quartz stringer-lodes composed of a great number of quartz veins from 6 inches to 3 feet wide and extending along their strike and dip for several tens to hundreds of feet. In addition to quartz, the only other vein gangue mineral is ankerite. It occurs in small amounts along the borders of the quartz veins. Metallic vein minerals, in addition to native gold, are, in order of decreasing abundance, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite. In the aggregate the metallic minerals comprise only 1 to 2 percent of the total amount of vein material.\r\n\r\nThe wall rock, particularly the meta-gabbro, was profoundly altered by the vein-forming processes. The principal effects on the meta-gabbro were the addition of large amounts of soda, potash, titanium, carbon dioxide, and phosphorous, and the removal of considerable quantities of iron, magnesia, lime, and combined water. Silica also may have been decreased. The mineralogical changes involved in the alteration were the development of biotite and ankerite at the expense of original hornblende and feldspar, resulting in a brown-colored biotite- and ankerite-rich rock. The slates are relatively unaffected by the vein-forming processes.\r\n\r\nBecause of their small size, relatively low grade, and discontinuity, no attempt has been made to mine any individual vein. The prevailing practice has been to mine large blocks of ground by a system of modified block-caving, followed by hand sorting to remove the barren country rock from the gold-bearing quartz prior to milling.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"s.n.,","doi":"10.3133/ofr52160","usgsCitation":"Twenhofel, W.S., 1952, Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-160, 175 p. ill., 2 folded maps ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52160.","productDescription":"175 p. ill., 2 folded maps ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45251,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6836e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twenhofel, William Stephens","contributorId":15597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenhofel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16048,"text":"ofr52140 - 1952 - Preliminary report on the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey, July-August, 1951","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-01T19:31:59.019027","indexId":"ofr52140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-140","title":"Preliminary report on the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey, July-August, 1951","docAbstract":"In order to understand the results of the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey and the details of the method of obtaining them, it is desirable to have, in outline, a general idea of the methods and their application. In this part of the report a general account of the operation will be developed. The details will be found in subsequent parts of the report. At this point a statement of the general objective and some mention of the plans for reaching it are in order.
The purpose of the Passamaquoddy survey was to determine the submarine geology in certain areas of Passamaquoddy and Cobscook Bays--the sea-bottom topography, the bedrock topography, the thickness of sediment overlying the bedrock beneath the sea, and the type of sediment. The information is needed for the planning of major engineering structures that may be built in the area. It developed in planning the study that detailed surveys could be limited to several areas where dams may be located.
To determine bottom or bedrock topography, elevations of each were determined by sonic methods at a number of closely spaced locations (about 400 feet apart), evenly distributed on range lines 1,000 or 800 feet apart, in each of eight areas. Contour lines were then drawn to produce the desired topographic maps. Sonic soundings are necessarily referred to the existing water surface. To ascertain specific elevations in an area of large tidal variations is a complex problem. The details are discussed in the section on Vertical Control by Charles E. Knox (part 8). The basic datum is mean low water as determined by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Equally important is the accurate positioning horizontally of each sounding location or fix. All such positioning was by the use of the standard three point fix procedure, using sextants. A net of shore points tied to the first-order control net of the Coast and Geodetic Survey was set up for this purpose, and all positions were thus accurately located. These problems are discussed in a section on Horizontal Control by Norman Duckworth (part 7).
The general planning was done in conferences held in May 1951 at the Boston office of the Corps of Engineers, and in Eastport, Maine, after a brief reconnaissance of the area. A detailed account of the conferences is given in a memorandum by Herman J. Kropper of the New England Division, Corps of Engineers, reproduced in this report as part 4. Detailed survey procedures were developed on May 18, 1951, at a conference attended by P. J. A. Scott and Norman Duckworth of the Corps of Engineers and W. O. Smith of the Geological Survey.
In order to make the necessary geophysical interpretation of the sound records, adequate geologic control had to be established. A preliminary field
study of the geology was made by G. G. Parker of the Geological Survey during the period May 15-17, 1951. Subsequently Dr. T. E. Upson of the Geological Survey made the detailed geologic study required for the project.
Two sonar units were used for the survey. One was a low-frequency high-power sonar unit developed by the Edo Corp. to meet specifications established by the Geological Survey. It was used to collect the bulk of the bedrock and bottom data. The other, of higher frequency and lower power, was manufactured by Bludworth Marine, Inc., end was required for adequate determination of water depths in shoal areas. The Edo equipment is described by Dr. Charles E. Mongan, Jr., in part 6 of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr52140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New England Division Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Smith, W.O., and Upson, J., 1952, Preliminary report on the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey, July-August, 1951: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-140, Report: ii, 49 p.; Plates: 14.88 x 10.12 inches and 13.48 x 19.59 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52140.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 49 p.; Plates: 14.88 x 10.12 inches and 13.48 x 19.59 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396611,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0140/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396610,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0140/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396609,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Maine","city":"Eastport","otherGeospatial":"Passamaquoddy Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.15393066406249,\n 44.85489529604183\n ],\n [\n -66.82708740234375,\n 44.85489529604183\n ],\n [\n -66.82708740234375,\n 45.17622870105657\n ],\n [\n -67.15393066406249,\n 45.17622870105657\n ],\n [\n -67.15393066406249,\n 44.85489529604183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, William Ogden","contributorId":20337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Ogden","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":316,"text":"wsp1155 - 1952 - Surface water supply of Hawaii, 1948-49","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1155","title":"Surface water supply of Hawaii, 1948-49","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1155","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1952, Surface water supply of Hawaii, 1948-49: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1155, vi, 130 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1155.","productDescription":"vi, 130 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24878,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. G.","contributorId":96239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":789,"text":"wsp1156 - 1952 - Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1949, Part 1, Northeastern States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1156","title":"Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1949, Part 1, Northeastern States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1156","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1949, Part 1, Northeastern States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1156, vi, 427 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1156.","productDescription":"vi, 427 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25356,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":790,"text":"wsp1158 - 1952 - Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1949, Part 3, North-Central States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1158","title":"Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1949, Part 3, North-Central States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1158","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1949, Part 3, North-Central States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1158, vi, 436 p. :ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1158.","productDescription":"vi, 436 p. :ill.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":25357,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1158/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9f5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1860,"text":"wsp1110E - 1952 - Water-level fluctuations in limestone sinks in southwestern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T08:56:05","indexId":"wsp1110E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1110","chapter":"E","title":"Water-level fluctuations in limestone sinks in southwestern Georgia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. General Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1110E","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., and Goodwin, M.H., 1952, Water-level fluctuations in limestone sinks in southwestern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1110, Report: vii, 226 p.; 1 Plate: 10.32 x 8.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1110E.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 226 p.; 1 Plate: 10.32 x 8.50 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27079,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247051,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110e/plate-8.pdf","size":"545","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.957275390625,\n 30.69933500437198\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 30.69933500437198\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 31.910204597744382\n ],\n [\n -84.957275390625,\n 31.910204597744382\n ],\n [\n -84.957275390625,\n 30.69933500437198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e75c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodwin, Melvin H.","contributorId":42946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1308,"text":"wsp1134B - 1952 - Floods of July 18, 1942 in north-central Pennsylvania, with a section on descriptive details of the storm and floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-29T21:03:33.422081","indexId":"wsp1134B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1134","chapter":"B","title":"Floods of July 18, 1942 in north-central Pennsylvania, with a section on descriptive details of the storm and floods","docAbstract":"The floods of July 1942 in north-central Pennsylvania and adjacent areas in New York were record-breaking on most of the smaller streams. They followed unprecedented rains that amounted to as much as 35 inches at some points during a storm that for the most part lasted less than 12 hours at any point. In the area of heavy rainfall, peak flood discharges were much greater than for the floods of March 1936. The storm was centered over the headwaters of three major drainage basins Susquehanna, Allegheny, and Genessee with the result that flood flows in the lower reaches of those streams were not outstanding. The estimated property damage exceeded $10,000,000 and 15 persons lost their lives. Description of previous storms and floods show that quite similar conditions have occurred in other areas in the past. The isohyetal map in the report is based on more than 400 miscellaneous observations of rainfall. Gage heights and discharges during the flood period are given for 14 gaging stations, and peak discharges are given for 47 other points on streams in the flood area. The maximum discharge was 117,000 second-feet in West Branch Susquehanna River at Renovo, and the maximum in relation to drainage area was 2,100 second-feet per square mile from 11.4 square miles in Annin Creek near Turtle Point. The report also contains a table of flood-crest elevations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Notable local floods of 1942-43 (Water-Supply Paper 1134)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1134B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of New York and Pennsylvania","usgsCitation":"Eisenlohr, W.S., and Stewart, J.E., 1952, Floods of July 18, 1942 in north-central Pennsylvania, with a section on descriptive details of the storm and floods: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1134, Report: vii, 100 p.; 1 Plate: 30.00 x 33.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1134B.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 100 p.; 1 Plate: 30.00 x 33.00 inches","startPage":"59","endPage":"158","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91265,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1134b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1134b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1134b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463368,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24222.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 42.675\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 42.675\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649618","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisenlohr, W. S. Jr.","contributorId":47014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenlohr","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, James E.","contributorId":13955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2452,"text":"wsp1133 - 1952 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1948. Parts 7-14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1133","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1948. Parts 7-14","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1133","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1952, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1948. Parts 7-14: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1133, viii, 373 p. :tables ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1133.","productDescription":"viii, 373 p. :tables ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1133/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28528,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1133/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. G.","contributorId":96239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":625,"text":"wsp1141 - 1952 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part I, North Atlantic slope basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1141","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part I, North Atlantic slope basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1141","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part I, North Atlantic slope basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1141, xiv, 745 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1141.","productDescription":"xiv, 745 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":25188,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1141/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69672d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1838,"text":"wsp1110C - 1952 - Quality of water, Conchas Reservoir, New Mexico, 1939-49","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:22","indexId":"wsp1110C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1110","chapter":"C","title":"Quality of water, Conchas Reservoir, New Mexico, 1939-49","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1110C","usgsCitation":"Hem, J.D., 1952, Quality of water, Conchas Reservoir, New Mexico, 1939-49: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1110, iv, 83-127 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1110C.","productDescription":"iv, 83-127 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27043,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ae4b07f02db651578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, John David","contributorId":42577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2451,"text":"wsp1102 - 1952 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1947","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1102","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1947","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1102","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1952, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1947: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1102, xi, 651 p. :tables ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1102.","productDescription":"xi, 651 p. :tables ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28527,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. G.","contributorId":96239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":800,"text":"wsp1167 - 1952 - Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 3, North-Central States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp1167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1167","title":"Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 3, North-Central States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1167","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 3, North-Central States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1167, vi, 198 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1167.","productDescription":"vi, 198 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25367,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":41,"text":"wsp1137B - 1952 - Floods of 1950 in the Red River of the North and Winnipeg River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T13:11:12","indexId":"wsp1137B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"B","title":"Floods of 1950 in the Red River of the North and Winnipeg River basins","docAbstract":"The floods of April-July 1950 in the Red River of the North and Winnipeg River Basins were the largest that have occurred in several decades and caused the greatest damage that the flooded area has ever sustained. Five lives were lost in the United States, owing to causes directly connected with the floods. The dual peaks--on upper river and tributaries, one in April and the other in May--of nearly the same size and\" the large lake-like body of flood-water ponded between Grand Forks and Winnipeg were notable features of the flood in the Red River of the North Basin. The flood in the Winnipeg River Basin was characterized by the unusually large volume of runoff and the lateness of cresting on the Lake of the Woods.
The floods were caused by a combination of causes: high antecedent soil moisture, high antecedent runoff, heavy snowfall, delayed breakup, and heavy precipitation during breakup. Mid-March snow-surveys, made in the area by hydrographers of the United States and Canadian services, showed that the snow pack north of Fargo, N. Dak., had an unusually high water content and a runoff potential increasing from west to east. A narrow band, extending from near Grand Forks, N. Dak., east-northeastward across the basin, had a water content of 5 inches or higher. April 15 marked the beginning of rapid melting throughout the basins; most of the snow was turned into water by the end of the first melt period on April 24. A return of winter-like conditions until May 10 brought more snow and set the stage for second flood crests.
The records of stage and discharge collected on the Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak., since 1882 show that the important 1897 flood slightly exceeded the 1950 flood in both stage and discharge. Records collected by the Geological Survey and Corps of Engineers on the Red River of the North show that the 1950 flood stages exceeded any previously known from just below the mouth of Turtle River to the international boundary. Records for streams tributary to the Red River of the North between Fargo and the Roseau River show, in general, that the 1950 flood events exceeded those of any known past floods. In the storage basins of the Winnipeg River, Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake reached a stage comparable to that of 1916; and the Winnipeg River discharge at Slave Falls exceeded the highest previously recorded, maximum, which occurred in 1927. Records of floods on the Red River at Winnipeg show that the 1950 flood did not reach as high a stage as those of 1826, 1852, and 1861.
The total tabulated damage to Winnipeg, the largest urban center in the area reported on, was about $20,000,000 in the city, and $12,000,000 in surrounding suburbs. The fight against flooding in Greater Winnipeg began on April 21 in the area adjacent to the municipal hospitals and was considered ended with the reopening of Norwood Bridge on June 1. About 80, 000 people were evacuated from their homes in Greater Winnipeg during the flood, and plans were ready to evacuate a greater number had the water risen higher.
This report contains records of stage and discharge for the flood period at 70 stream-gaging stations, 21 records of mean daily discharge at stream-gaging stations, 11 records of stage at river-height gages, and 7 records of storage or elevation of reservoirs or lakes. A summary table shows crest stages and discharges at 129 points for the 1950 event compared with the highest known past stages and discharges. Also included is a discussion of concurrent meteorology and of past floods on main streams and tributaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137B","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Floods of 1950 in the Red River of the North and Winnipeg River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, Report: viii, 325 p.; 5 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137B.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 325 p.; 5 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24662,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24660,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24657,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24661,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24658,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24659,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1134,"text":"wsp1137C - 1952 - Flood of August 1950 in the Waimea area, Kauai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T00:13:36.166347","indexId":"wsp1137C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"C","title":"Flood of August 1950 in the Waimea area, Kauai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"On August 15-18, 1950, Waimea River on the island of Kauai, T. H., had one of the severest floods in its history as a result of torrential rains, caused by a storm associated with the only typhoon ever recorded in the proximity of the Hawaiian Archipelego. At one rainfall station in the basin, 50 inches of rain was recorded during a 72- hour period. Kawaikoi Stream, in the headwaters of Waimea River basin, reached a maximum discharge of 7, 980 second-feet, or 1,950 second-feet per square mile.
\nA rubble wall along the right bank of Waimea River just below the mouth of Makaweli River, constructed to contain the flow, was overtopped and the entire town of Waimea was flooded. The water was about a foot over the top of the wall at most places. No lives were lost, but damage to property was about $200, 000.
\nThis report presents detailed records of stages and discharges at four gaging stations in the basin during the flood period August 15-18 in the Waimea River basin, a summary of flood discharges at gaging stations on the principal streams on the island of Kauai, a description of the physical features of the drainage basin, a description of the two types of storms that prevail on the Hawaiian Islands, and a section on the meteorology of the storm of August 15-18. Figure 46 is a map of the island of Kauai, which shows the location of the gaging stations referred to in this report, the location of .rain gages in the area where rainfall was the greatest, and lines of equal rainfall for the period August 14-19, 1950.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Territory of Hawaii","usgsCitation":"Chun, R., 1952, Flood of August 1950 in the Waimea area, Kauai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137C.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"349","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424300,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24227.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25914,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kauai, Waimea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.85382080078125,\n 21.79775787126941\n ],\n [\n -159.85382080078125,\n 22.25859674097572\n ],\n [\n -159.17816162109372,\n 22.25859674097572\n ],\n [\n -159.17816162109372,\n 21.79775787126941\n ],\n [\n -159.85382080078125,\n 21.79775787126941\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chun, R.K.","contributorId":56629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chun","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":627,"text":"wsp1143 - 1952 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part III, Ohio River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1143","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part III, Ohio River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1143","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part III, Ohio River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1143, xiii, 731 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1143.","productDescription":"xiii, 731 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25190,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696734","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":632,"text":"wsp1180 - 1952 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part X, The Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1180","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1180","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part X, The Great Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1180","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part X, The Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1180, viii, 234 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1180.","productDescription":"viii, 234 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}