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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir162","usgsCitation":"Babcock, H.M., Rapp, J.R., and Durum, W.H., 1952, Reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water resources of the Horse Creek-Bear Creek area, Laramie and Goshen Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 162, Report: ii, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 33.50 × 16.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir162.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 33.50 × 16.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31298,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0162/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31299,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":390689,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23593.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Goshen County, Laramie County","otherGeospatial":"Horse Creek - Bear Creek Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.16,\n 41.439\n ],\n [\n -104.118,\n 41.439\n ],\n [\n -104.118,\n 41.703\n ],\n [\n -105.176,\n 41.703\n ],\n [\n -105.176,\n 41.439\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a63e4b07f02db636eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, H. 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Such floods may not occur more often, on an average, than once in a hundred or pos- sibly even several thousand years. In planning sound design for structures, such as culverts or bridge·s, which may involve flood frequencies of only 10 to 50 yr, the factors of economic~ and useful life of the structure should be con- sidered. In the past, records of streamflow have been so meager and of such short duration that litt~ reliable information could be obtained on the magnitude and frequency of floods in any particular region. As a result it has been the tendency of engineers to overdesign, often causing needless expenditure. The accumulation of reliable streamflow rec- ords over a relatively long period now permits satisfactory studies of flood probabilities in many regions. This report presents a method, based on actual flood data, for obtaining the magnitude and frequency of floods at any place in the watersheds of the Youghiogheny and Kiskiminetas River basins, an area comprising 3,651 sq mi in the upper Ohio River basin of western Pennsylvania and Maryland. The data contained in this report were com- piled and prepared for publication under a cooperative agreement on water resources investigations between the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters, and the Water Re- sources Division, U. S. Geological Survey. J. W. Mangan directs the surface-water investigations in Pennsylvania for the U. S. Geological Survey. The data presented in this report were analyzed, and the text prepared, by the Pittsburgh suboffice, Max Noecker, engineer-in-charge, in collaboration with engineers of the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir204","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Floods in Youghiogheny and Kiskiminetas River basins, Pennsylvania and Maryland, frequency and magnitude: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 204, iii, 22 p. :ill., map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir204.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p. :ill., map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30965,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0204/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e20f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":637,"text":"wsp1174 - 1952 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1174","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1174","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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1952 - Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions - summer 1951","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:51","indexId":"ssrw13","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions - summer 1951","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Crissey, W.F., 1952, Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions - summer 1951 (Updates and revises Special Scientific Report-Wildlife 8 (1949)): Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 13, 240 p.","productDescription":"240 p.","numberOfPages":"240","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":112059,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015001481475?urlappend=%3Bseq=111"},{"id":164598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Updates and revises Special Scientific Report-Wildlife 8 (1949)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ba1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crissey, Walter F.","contributorId":6506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crissey","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3561,"text":"cir153 - 1952 - Geology of the northern Crystal Falls area, Iron County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:33:51","indexId":"cir153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"153","title":"Geology of the northern Crystal Falls area, Iron County, Michigan","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir153","collaboration":"Prepared with the cooperation of the Geological Survey Division, Michigan Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Pettijohn, F., 1952, Geology of the northern Crystal Falls area, Iron County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 153, Document: iii,17 p.; 8 Plates: 20.14 x 19.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir153.","productDescription":"Document: iii,17 p.; 8 Plates: 20.14 x 19.31 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30581,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30582,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30583,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30584,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30585,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30586,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30587,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30588,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30589,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0153/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Northern Crystal Falls area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.38844299316406,\n 46.099661849055984\n ],\n [\n -88.38844299316406,\n 46.13125553426864\n ],\n [\n -88.29239845275879,\n 46.13125553426864\n ],\n [\n -88.29239845275879,\n 46.099661849055984\n ],\n [\n -88.38844299316406,\n 46.099661849055984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettijohn, F.J.","contributorId":41407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettijohn","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4052,"text":"cir177 - 1952 - Water resources of the Mahoning River basin, Ohio, with special reference to the Youngstown area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"cir177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"177","title":"Water resources of the Mahoning River basin, Ohio, with special reference to the Youngstown area","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir177","usgsCitation":"Cross, W.P., Schroeder, M., and Norris, S.E., 1952, Water resources of the Mahoning River basin, Ohio, with special reference to the Youngstown area: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 177, iv, 57 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir177.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0177/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31145,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, William Perry","contributorId":21137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Perry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, M.E.","contributorId":64328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norris, Stanley Eugene","contributorId":24772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4584,"text":"wsp1152 - 1952 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part XII, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"wsp1152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1152","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part XII, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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1952 - Ground-water investigations in the Trust Territory of the Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr527","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-7","title":"Ground-water investigations in the Trust Territory of the Pacific","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr527","usgsCitation":"Arnow, T., 1952, Ground-water investigations in the Trust Territory of the Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-7, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr527.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnow, Theodore","contributorId":69642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnow","given":"Theodore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51157,"text":"ofr5299 - 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Five lives were lost in the United States, owing to causes directly connected with the floods. The dual peaks--on upper river and tributaries, one in April and the other in May--of nearly the same size and\" the large lake-like body of flood-water ponded between Grand Forks and Winnipeg were notable features of the flood in the Red River of the North Basin. The flood in the Winnipeg River Basin was characterized by the unusually large volume of runoff and the lateness of cresting on the Lake of the Woods.
The floods were caused by a combination of causes: high antecedent soil moisture, high antecedent runoff, heavy snowfall, delayed breakup, and heavy precipitation during breakup. Mid-March snow-surveys, made in the area by hydrographers of the United States and Canadian services, showed that the snow pack north of Fargo, N. Dak., had an unusually high water content and a runoff potential increasing from west to east. A narrow band, extending from near Grand Forks, N. Dak., east-northeastward across the basin, had a water content of 5 inches or higher. April 15 marked the beginning of rapid melting throughout the basins; most of the snow was turned into water by the end of the first melt period on April 24. A return of winter-like conditions until May 10 brought more snow and set the stage for second flood crests.
The records of stage and discharge collected on the Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak., since 1882 show that the important 1897 flood slightly exceeded the 1950 flood in both stage and discharge. Records collected by the Geological Survey and Corps of Engineers on the Red River of the North show that the 1950 flood stages exceeded any previously known from just below the mouth of Turtle River to the international boundary. Records for streams tributary to the Red River of the North between Fargo and the Roseau River show, in general, that the 1950 flood events exceeded those of any known past floods. In the storage basins of the Winnipeg River, Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake reached a stage comparable to that of 1916; and the Winnipeg River discharge at Slave Falls exceeded the highest previously recorded, maximum, which occurred in 1927. Records of floods on the Red River at Winnipeg show that the 1950 flood did not reach as high a stage as those of 1826, 1852, and 1861.
The total tabulated damage to Winnipeg, the largest urban center in the area reported on, was about $20,000,000 in the city, and $12,000,000 in surrounding suburbs. The fight against flooding in Greater Winnipeg began on April 21 in the area adjacent to the municipal hospitals and was considered ended with the reopening of Norwood Bridge on June 1. About 80, 000 people were evacuated from their homes in Greater Winnipeg during the flood, and plans were ready to evacuate a greater number had the water risen higher.
This report contains records of stage and discharge for the flood period at 70 stream-gaging stations, 21 records of mean daily discharge at stream-gaging stations, 11 records of stage at river-height gages, and 7 records of storage or elevation of reservoirs or lakes. A summary table shows crest stages and discharges at 129 points for the 1950 event compared with the highest known past stages and discharges. Also included is a discussion of concurrent meteorology and of past floods on main streams and tributaries.
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