{"pageNumber":"2659","pageRowStart":"66450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184569,"records":[{"id":70057,"text":"ofr03262 - 2004 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in West Fallowfield, Upper Oxford, and Lower Oxford Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, March through July 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T10:24:56","indexId":"ofr03262","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-262","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in West Fallowfield, Upper Oxford, and Lower Oxford Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, March through July 2002","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03262","usgsCitation":"Mohammad, A., 2004, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in West Fallowfield, Upper Oxford, and Lower Oxford Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, March through July 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-262, 23.43 x 27.69 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03262.","productDescription":"23.43 x 27.69 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03262.PNG"},{"id":330305,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0262/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","otherGeospatial":"Lower Oxford Township, Upper Oxford Township, West Fallowfield Township","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.0,\n              39.8167\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0,\n              39.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9083,\n              39.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9083,\n              39.8167\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0,\n              39.8167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68741c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mohammad, Abdul","contributorId":55405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohammad","given":"Abdul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70053,"text":"ofr20041087 - 2004 - Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin Lakes, water year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:23:09","indexId":"ofr20041087","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1087","title":"Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin Lakes, water year 2003","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The locations of water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 2003 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the period October 1, 2002 through September 30, 2003 is called \"water year 2003.\"</p>\n<p>The purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical characteristics of Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measurements of in-lake water quality and lake stage. Time series of Secchi depths, surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations collected during non-frozen periods are included for all lakes. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive infor- mation for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake's watershed, period for which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published in another volume: \"Water Resources Data-Wisconsin, 2003.\"</p>\n<p>Water-resources data, including stage and discharge data at most streamflow-gaging stations, are available throught the World Wide Web on the Internet. The Wisconsin District's home page is at http://wi.water.usgs.gov/. Information on the Wisconsin District's Lakes Program is found at wi.water.usgs.gov/lake/index.html and wi.water.usgs.gov/projects/ index.html.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Society","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041087","usgsCitation":"Rose, W.J., Garn, H., Goddard, G.L., Olson, D., and Robertson, D.M., 2004, Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin Lakes, water year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1087, vi, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041087.","productDescription":"vi, 165 p.","numberOfPages":"170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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L.","contributorId":10442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, D.L.","contributorId":34943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040,"text":"ofr20041379 - 2004 - Advanced systems data for mapping Emperor Penguin habitats in Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"ofr20041379","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1379","title":"Advanced systems data for mapping Emperor Penguin habitats in Antarctica","docAbstract":"Commercial orbital sensor systems combined with other resource data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Civil Applications Program (NCAP) may offer an effective way of mapping Emperor penguin habitats and their response to regional climate change in Antarctica. This project examined these resources to determine their applicability for mapping Emperor penguin habitats to support the National Science Foundation. This work is especially significant to investigate satellite-based imaging as an alternative to intrusive in-the-field enumeration of Emperor penguins and the potential of applying these procedures to support The National Map (TNP).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041379","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, R.D., and Kooyman, G.L., 2004, Advanced systems data for mapping Emperor Penguin habitats in Antarctica: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1379, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041379.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041379.PNG"},{"id":6704,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1379/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6992b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, Richard D.","contributorId":66296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kooyman, Gerald L.","contributorId":76404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kooyman","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010,"text":"sir20045228 - 2004 - Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected chemical constituents in bottom sediment of 10 small reservoirs, Eastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:36","indexId":"sir20045228","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5228","title":"Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected chemical constituents in bottom sediment of 10 small reservoirs, Eastern Kansas","docAbstract":"Many municipalities in Kansas rely on small reservoirs as a source of drinking water and for recreational activities. Because of their significance to the community, management of the reservoirs and the associated basins is important to protect the reservoirs from degradation. Effective reservoir management requires information about water quality, sedimentation, and sediment quality. \r\n\r\nA combination of bathymetric surveying and bottom-sediment coring during 2002 and 2003 was used to investigate sediment deposition and the occurrence of selected nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), organic and total carbon, 26 trace elements, 15 organochlorine compounds, and 1 radionuclide in the bottom sediment of 10 small reservoirs in eastern Kansas. Original reservoir water-storage capacities ranged from 23 to 5,845 acre-feet. The mostly agricultural reservoir basins range in area from 0.6 to 14 square miles.\r\n\r\nThe mean annual net volume of deposited sediment, estimated separately for several of the reservoirs, ranged from about 43,600 to about 531,000 cubic feet. The estimated mean annual net mass of deposited sediment ranged from about 1,360,000 to about 23,300,000 pounds. The estimated mean annual net sediment yields from the reservoir basins ranged from about 964,000 to about 2,710,000 pounds per square mile. Compared to sediment yield estimates provided by a statewide study published in 1965, the estimates determined in this study differed substantially and were typically smaller. A statistically significant positive correlation was determined for the relation between sediment yield and mean annual precipitation.\r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations in the bottom sediment varied substantially among the 10 reservoirs. Median total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 1,400 to 3,700 milligrams per kilogram. Median total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 550 to 1,300 milligrams per kilogram. A statistically significant positive trend (that is, nutrient concentration increased toward the top of the sediment core) was indicated in one reservoir for total nitrogen and in two reservoirs for total phosphorus. Also, a possible positive trend for total nitrogen was indicated in two other reservoirs. These trends in nutrient concentrations may be related to a statewide increase in fertilizer use. Alternatively, the trends may be indicative of diagenesis (that is, postdepositional changes in the sediment caused by various processes including decomposition).\r\n\r\nNutrient loads and yields also varied substantially among the five reservoirs for which loads and yields were estimated. Estimated mean annual net loads of total nitrogen deposited in the bottom sediment ranged from 4,080 to 49,100 pounds. Estimated mean annual net loads of total phosphorus deposited in the bottom sediment ranged from 1,120 to 20,800 pounds. Estimated mean annual net yields of total nitrogen from the basins ranged from 2,210 to 6,800 pounds per square mile. Estimated mean annual net yields of total phosphorus from the basins ranged from 598 to 2,420 pounds per square mile. \r\n\r\nCompared to nonenforceable sediment-quality guidelines adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, bottom-sediment concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, and nickel in samples from all 10 reservoirs typically exceeded the threshold-effects levels (TELs) but were less than the probable-effects levels (PELs). TELs represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects occasionally occur in aquatic organisms, whereas PELs represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects usually or frequently occur. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc exceeded the TELs but were less than the PELs in sediment samples from about one-half of the reservoirs and were less than the TELs in samples from the remaining reservoirs. Mercury concentrations were less than the TEL (information only available for four reservoirs). Silver was not detected in the bottom sediment fro","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045228","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2004, Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected chemical constituents in bottom sediment of 10 small reservoirs, Eastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5228, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045228.","productDescription":"80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6243,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011,"text":"ofr20041454 - 2004 - Alaska North Slope gas hydrate energy resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:36","indexId":"ofr20041454","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1454","title":"Alaska North Slope gas hydrate energy resources","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041454","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 2004, Alaska North Slope gas hydrate energy resources (Version 1.0, online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1454, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041454.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6244,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1454/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","edition":"Version 1.0, online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026,"text":"ofr20041433 - 2004 - Digital data used to relate nutrient inputs to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, version 3.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T13:14:07.260517","indexId":"ofr20041433","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1433","title":"Digital data used to relate nutrient inputs to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, version 3.0","docAbstract":"Chesapeake Bay restoration efforts are focused on improving water quality, living resources, and ecological habitats by 2010. One aspect of the water-quality restoration is the refinement of strategies designed to implement nutrient-reduction practices within the Bay watershed. These strategies are being refined and implemented by resource managers of the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP), a partnership comprised of various Federal, State, and local agencies that includes jurisdictions within Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), an active member of the CBP, provides necessary water-quality information for these Chesapeake Bay nutrient-reduction strategy revisions and evaluations. \r\n\r\nThe formulation and revision of effective nutrient-reduction strategies requires detailed scientific information and an analytical understanding of the sources, transport, and delivery of nutrients to the Chesapeake Bay. The USGS is supporting these strategies by providing scientific information to resource managers that can help them evaluate and understand these processes. One statistical model available to resource managers is a collection of SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed (SPARROW) attributes, which uses a nonlinear regression approach to spatially relate nutrient sources and watershed characteristics to nutrient loads of streams throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Developed by the USGS, information generated by SPARROW can help resource managers determine the geographical distribution and relative contribution of nutrient sources and the factors that affect their transport to the Bay. \r\n\r\nNutrient source information representing the late 1990s time period was obtained from several agencies and used to create and compile digital spatial datasets of total nitrogen and total phosphorus contributions that served as input sources to the SPARROW models. These data represent atmospheric deposition, point-source locations, land-use, land-cover, and agricultural sources such as commercial fertilizer and manure applications. \r\n\r\nWatershed-characteristics datasets representing factors that affect the transport of nutrients also were compiled from previous applications of the SPARROW models in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Datasets include average-annual precipitation and temperature, slope, soil permeability, and hydrogeomorphic regions. \r\n\r\nNutrient-input and watershed-characteristics datasets representing conditions during the late 1990s were merged with a connected network of stream reaches and watersheds to provide the spatial detail required by SPARROW. Stream-nutrient load estimates for 125 sampling sites (87 for total nitrogen and 103 for total phosphorus) served as the dependent variables for the regressions, and were used to calibrate models of total nitrogen and total phosphorus depicting late 1990s conditions in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. \r\n\r\nSpatial data generated for the models can be used to identify the location of nutrient sources, while the models' nutrient estimates can be used to evaluate stream-nutrient load contributed locally by each source evaluated, the amount of local load generated that is transported to the Bay, and the factors that affect the nutrient transport. Applying the SPARROW methodology to late 1990s information completes three time periods (late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s) of viable data that resource managers can use to evaluate the water-quality conditions within the Bay watershed in order to refine restoration goals and nutrient-reduction strategies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041433","collaboration":"See OFR 99-60 for version 1.0; see OFR 2001-251 for version 2.0","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J.W., and Preston, S.D., 2004, Digital data used to relate nutrient inputs to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, version 3.0 (Version 3.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1433, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041433.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028,"text":"ofr20041423 - 2004 - Velocity models, first-arrival travel times, and geometries of 1991 and 1993 USGS land-based controlled-source seismic investigations in the San Francisco Bay area, California: In-line shots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:43:38.682907","indexId":"ofr20041423","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1423","title":"Velocity models, first-arrival travel times, and geometries of 1991 and 1993 USGS land-based controlled-source seismic investigations in the San Francisco Bay area, California: In-line shots","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041423","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Steedman, C., and Gandhok, G., 2004, Velocity models, first-arrival travel times, and geometries of 1991 and 1993 USGS land-based controlled-source seismic investigations in the San Francisco Bay area, California: In-line shots (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1423, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041423.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1423/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415287,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70113.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.01618269073579,\n              38.387887868528594\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01618269073579,\n              36.900273044497595\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38966267982963,\n              36.900273044497595\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38966267982963,\n              38.387887868528594\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01618269073579,\n              38.387887868528594\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6022cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steedman, C. E.","contributorId":105810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steedman","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gandhok, G.","contributorId":47423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhok","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029,"text":"ofr20041421 - 2004 - Is the extraction of thorium onto MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated filter cartridges uniform?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:38:53","indexId":"ofr20041421","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1421","title":"Is the extraction of thorium onto MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated filter cartridges uniform?","docAbstract":"<p>Large-volume (i.e., 10<sup>2</sup> - 10<sup>3</sup> L) seawater samples are traditionally required to study the partitioning of particle-reactive radionuclides between solution and size-fractionated particulate matter. One of the most frequently used methods to preconcentrate the short-lived isotopes of Th (<sup>234</sup>Th and <sup>228</sup>Th) from such large volumes of water involves the effective extraction of Th onto two MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated polypropylene cartridges. Determination of dissolved Th activities assumes that the two MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated filter cartridges extract Th uniformly (same extraction efficiency), but this assumption has not been rigorously validated. Any variability in the extraction efficiency of the two cartridges connected in series will directly introduce an error in the determination of final dissolved Th activity. In this article, we evaluated the variability in the extraction efficiency of MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated filter cartridges that were prepared under varying conditions.</p><p>Thorium-234-spiked seawater was filtered in series through a manifold consisting of six MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated cartridges. From the activities of <sup>234</sup>Th retained in each cartridge, the relative (calculated from the activities in two successive cartridges) and absolute (ratio of <sup>234</sup>Th activity retained to the activity entered) extraction efficiency for each of the cartridges was calculated. At a constant flow rate and constant KMnO<sub>4</sub> saturation, the absolute extraction efficiency varied by -40% (from 54.1 to 93.8%) within the first two filter cartridges, and over 50% (from 32.3 to 89.3%) on all six MnO<sub>2</sub> cartridges. Our results confirm that a uniform extraction efficiency using two filters connected in series is rarely achieved. Using the average extraction efficiency of all cartridges, we propose a new approach that assumes a constant extraction efficiency. This method will reduce the error introduced by the assumption of uniform extraction efficiency in the determination of dissolved Th activities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041421","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., and Baskaran, M., 2004, Is the extraction of thorium onto MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated filter cartridges uniform?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1421, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041421.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19862,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1421/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Repport"},{"id":191035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1421/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66726e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030,"text":"ofr20041414 - 2004 - Mineral production and mining trends for selected non-fuel commodities in Idaho and Montana, 1905-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"ofr20041414","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1414","title":"Mineral production and mining trends for selected non-fuel commodities in Idaho and Montana, 1905-2001","docAbstract":"Idaho and Montana state mining statistics were obtained from historical mineral production records and compiled into a continuous record from 1905 through 2001. To facilitate comparisons, the mineral production data were normalized by converting the units of measure to metric tons for all included commodities. These standardized statistical data include production rates for principal non-fuel mineral commodities from both Idaho and Montana, as well as the production rates of similar commodities for the U.S. and the world for contrast. Data are presented here in both tabular and bar chart format. Moreover, the tables of standardized mineral production data are also provided in digital format as, commodity_production.xls. Some significant historical events pertaining to the mining industry are described as well. When taken into account with the historical production data, this combined information may to help explain both specific fluctuations and general tendencies in the overall trends in the rates of mineral resource production over time.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041414","usgsCitation":"Larsen, J.C., Long, K.R., Assmus, K.C., and Zientek, M.L., 2004, Mineral production and mining trends for selected non-fuel commodities in Idaho and Montana, 1905-2001 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1414, 85 p. with Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041414.","productDescription":"85 p. with Excel file","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1414/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Jeremy C.","contributorId":13697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Keith R. 0000-0002-6457-2820 klong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-2820","contributorId":2279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Keith","email":"klong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Assmus, Kenneth C.","contributorId":17311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assmus","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033,"text":"ofr20041403 - 2004 - Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T13:42:42","indexId":"ofr20041403","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1403","title":"Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin, 2004","docAbstract":"<p>The statewide average precipitation for the 2003 water year was 27.42 inches, which was 5.22 inches less than the normal annual precipitation of 32.64 inches for water years 1971&ndash;2000. Average precipitation values affecting streamflow conditions ranged from 67 percent in southeast Wisconsin to 99 percent in northeast Wisconsin with a statewide average of 84 percent (summary tables provided by Ed Hopkins, State Climatology Office, University of Wisconsin, Madison, written commun., 2004).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041403","usgsCitation":"Bruce, J.L., Greenwood, M.M., and Jones, S.Z., 2004, Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1403, xiv, 132 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041403.","productDescription":"xiv, 132 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6698,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70037,"text":"ofr20041386 - 2004 - Alaska resource data file: Tanana quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T18:41:14.575058","indexId":"ofr20041386","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1386","title":"Alaska resource data file: Tanana quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041386","usgsCitation":"Szumigala, D.J., Graham, G.E., and Athey, J.E., 2004, Alaska resource data file: Tanana quadrangle (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1386, 310 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041386.","productDescription":"310 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486313,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1386/of2004-1386.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1386"},{"id":191111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":484199,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70414.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":484200,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6701,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1386/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanana quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              66\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68852b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szumigala, David J.","contributorId":42091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szumigala","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Garth E. 0000-0003-0657-0365 ggraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-0365","contributorId":1031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","email":"ggraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Athey, Jennifer E.","contributorId":95326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athey","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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,{"id":70054,"text":"ofr20041034 - 2004 - 2000 volcanic activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T19:08:46.527087","indexId":"ofr20041034","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1034","title":"2000 volcanic activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041034","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., McGimsey, R.G., and Chubarova, O., 2004, 2000 volcanic activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1034, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041034.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414483,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70121.htm"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kamchatka Peninsula, Kurile Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -144,\n              62.0167\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.9667,\n              62.0167\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.9667,\n              54.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              54.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              62.0167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              154.49518889483136,\n              58.4897841447181\n            ],\n            [\n              154.49518889483136,\n              49.65085752047179\n            ],\n            [\n              163.90371788130085,\n              49.65085752047179\n            ],\n            [\n              163.90371788130085,\n              58.4897841447181\n            ],\n            [\n              154.49518889483136,\n              58.4897841447181\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491de4b0b290850eee67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chubarova, Olga","contributorId":89609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chubarova","given":"Olga","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024,"text":"ofr20041437 - 2004 - Digital database of faulting accompanying the 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"ofr20041437","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1437","title":"Digital database of faulting accompanying the 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquake","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041437","usgsCitation":"Crosby, C.J., 2004, Digital database of faulting accompanying the 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquake (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1437, 1 online sheet with DOQ, DEM, GIS zip with metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041437.","productDescription":"1 online sheet with DOQ, DEM, GIS zip with metadata","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6692,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1437/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d4cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crosby, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2522-4193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-4193","contributorId":68415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034,"text":"ofr20041399 - 2004 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"ofr20041399","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1399","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2004","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041399","usgsCitation":"Blanchard, R., Seidenfeld, A., and McCulloch, D.S., 2004, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1399, 1 map ; 72 x 69 cm., on sheet 87 x 86 cm., folded to 22 x 26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041399.","productDescription":"1 map ; 72 x 69 cm., on sheet 87 x 86 cm., folded to 22 x 26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90490,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1399/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchard, R.A.","contributorId":35389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seidenfeld, A.V.","contributorId":90377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seidenfeld","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCulloch, David S. dmccullo@usgs.gov","contributorId":3100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"David","email":"dmccullo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035,"text":"ofr20041391 - 2004 - Airborne Digital Sensor System and GPS-aided inertial technology for direct geopositioning in rough terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"ofr20041391","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1391","title":"Airborne Digital Sensor System and GPS-aided inertial technology for direct geopositioning in rough terrain","docAbstract":"High-resolution airborne digital cameras with onboard data collection based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial navigation systems (INS) technology may offer a real-time means to gather accurate topographic map information by reducing ground control and eliminating aerial triangulation. Past evaluations of this integrated system over relatively flat terrain have proven successful. The author uses Emerge Digital Sensor System (DSS) combined with Applanix Corporation?s Position and Orientation Solutions for Direct Georeferencing to examine the positional mapping accuracy in rough terrain. The positional accuracy documented in this study did not meet large-scale mapping requirements owing to an apparent system mechanical failure. Nonetheless, the findings yield important information on a new approach for mapping in Antarctica and other remote or inaccessible areas of the world.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041391","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, R.D., 2004, Airborne Digital Sensor System and GPS-aided inertial technology for direct geopositioning in rough terrain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1391, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041391.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6699,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1391/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6888d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, Richard D.","contributorId":66296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036,"text":"ofr20041389 - 2004 - GPS-aided inertial technology and navigation-based photogrammetry for aerial mapping the San Andreas fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"ofr20041389","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1389","title":"GPS-aided inertial technology and navigation-based photogrammetry for aerial mapping the San Andreas fault system","docAbstract":"Aerial mapping of the San Andreas Fault System can be realized more efficiently and rapidly without ground control and conventional aerotriangulation. This is achieved by the direct geopositioning of the exterior orientation of a digital imaging sensor by use of an integrated Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and an Inertial Navigation System (INS). A crucial issue to this particular type of aerial mapping is the accuracy, scale, consistency, and speed achievable by such a system. To address these questions, an Applanix Digital Sensor System (DSS) was used to examine its potential for near real-time mapping. Large segments of vegetation along the San Andreas and Cucamonga faults near the foothills of the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains were burned to the ground in the California wildfires of October-November 2003. A 175 km corridor through what once was a thickly vegetated and hidden fault surface was chosen for this study. Both faults pose a major hazard to the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area and a near real-time mapping system could provide information vital to a post-disaster response.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041389","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, R.D., and Hudnut, K.W., 2004, GPS-aided inertial technology and navigation-based photogrammetry for aerial mapping the San Andreas fault system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1389, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041389.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6700,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1389/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, Richard D.","contributorId":66296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019,"text":"ofr20041447 - 2004 - A preliminary assessment of geologic framework and sediment thickness studies relevant to prospective US submission on extended continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:36","indexId":"ofr20041447","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1447","title":"A preliminary assessment of geologic framework and sediment thickness studies relevant to prospective US submission on extended continental shelf","docAbstract":"Under the provisions of Articles 76 and 77 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), coastal States have sovereign rights over the continental shelf territory beyond 200-nautical mile (nm) from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured if certain conditions are met regarding the geologic and physiographic character of the legal continental shelf as defined in those articles. These claims to an extended continental shelf must be supported by relevant bathymetric, geophysical and geological data according to guidelines established by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS, 1999). In anticipation of the United States becoming party to UNCLOS, Congress in 2001 directed the Joint Hydrographic Center/Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire to conduct a study to evaluate data relevant to establishing the outer limit of the juridical continental shelf beyond 200 nm and to recommend what additional data might be needed to substantiate such an outer limit (Mayer and others, 2002). The resulting report produced an impressive and sophisticated GIS database of data sources. Because of the short time allowed to complete the report, all seismic reflection data were classified together; the authors therefore recommended that USGS perform additional analysis on seismic and related data holdings. The results of this additional analysis are the substance of this report, including the status of geologic framework, sediment isopach research, and resource potential in the eight regions1 identified by Mayer and others (2002) where analysis of seismic data might be crucial for establishing an outer limit .\r\n\r\nSeismic reflection and refraction data are essential in determining sediment thickness, one of the criteria used in establishing the outer limits of the juridical continental shelf. Accordingly, the initial task has been to inventory public-domain seismic data sources, primarily those regionally extensive data held within the Department of the Interior (DOI). The numerous seismic reflection and refraction surveys collected prior to 1970 by academic and governmental institutions are generally not included in this compilation, except where they provide unique data in a region. These data sources were omitted from this report because they were deemed to be of insufficient quality (poorly navigated or low resolution) to meet the CLCS standards for a submission, or they were redundant with higher-quality, more modern data. Hence, this report attempts to identify those data sets of highest utility for establishing the outer limits of the juridical continental shelf. If there was any ambiguity or uncertainty about the relevance of a data set to a continental shelf submission, either by its quality, location, or other parameter, it was included in this compilation. This report does not summarize other geophysical data (such as marine magnetics or gravity) that might be relevant to understanding crustal provenance and geological continuity.\r\n\r\nDetailed metadata tables and maps are included to facilitate the location and utilization of these sources when a comprehensive assessment (?desktop study?) is undertaken.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041447","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Childs, J.R., Hammar-Klose, E., Dadisman, S., Edgar, N.T., and Barth, G., 2004, A preliminary assessment of geologic framework and sediment thickness studies relevant to prospective US submission on extended continental shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1447, CD-ROM only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041447.","productDescription":"CD-ROM only","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6249,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1447/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab29d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammar-Klose, Erika","contributorId":36227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammar-Klose","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn","contributorId":56735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edgar, N. Terrence","contributorId":102149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barth, Ginger A. gbarth@usgs.gov","contributorId":3595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Ginger A.","email":"gbarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021,"text":"ofr20041445 - 2004 - Initial results of a 2D burial/thermal history model, central Appalachian basin, Ohio and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"ofr20041445","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1445","title":"Initial results of a 2D burial/thermal history model, central Appalachian basin, Ohio and West Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041445","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E., Ryder, R.T., Repetski, J., Trippi, M., and Ruppert, L., 2004, Initial results of a 2D burial/thermal history model, central Appalachian basin, Ohio and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1445, 28 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041445.","productDescription":"28 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1445/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, E. L. 0000-0001-5753-6189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":34921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trippi, M.H. 0000-0002-1398-3427","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":22445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":69995,"text":"sir20045253 - 2004 - Probable effects of the proposed Sulphur Gulch Reservoir on Colorado River quantity and quality near Grand Junction, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:35","indexId":"sir20045253","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5253","title":"Probable effects of the proposed Sulphur Gulch Reservoir on Colorado River quantity and quality near Grand Junction, Colorado","docAbstract":"A 16,000 acre-foot reservoir is proposed to be located about 25 miles east of Grand Junction, Colorado, on a tributary of the Colorado River that drains the Sulphur Gulch watershed between De Beque and Cameo, Colorado. The Sulphur Gulch Reservoir, which would be filled by pumping water from the Colorado River, is intended to provide the Colorado River with at least 5,412.5 acre-feet of water during low-flow conditions to meet the East Slope\u0019s portion of the 10,825 acre-feet of water required under the December 20, 1999, Final Programmatic Biological Opinion for the Upper Colorado River. The reservoir also may provide additional water in the low-flow period and as much as 10,000 acre-feet of water to supplement peak flows when flows in the Colorado River are between 12,900 and 26,600 cubic feet per second. For this study, an annual stochastic mixing model with a daily time step and 1,500 Monte Carlo trials were used to evaluate the probable effect that reservoir operations may have on water quality in the Colorado River at the Government Highline Canal and the Grand Valley Irrigation Canal.\r\n\r\nSimulations of the divertible flow (ambient background streamflow), after taking into account demands of downstream water rights, indicate that divertible flow will range from 621,860 acre-feet of water in the driest year to 4,822,732 acrefeet of water in the wettest year. Because of pumping limitations, pumpable flow (amount of streamflow available after considering divertible flow and subsequent pumping constraints) will be less than divertible flow. Assuming a pumping capacity of 150 cubic feet per second and year round pumping, except during reservoir release periods, the simulations indicate that there is sufficient streamflow to fill a 16,000 acre-feet reservoir 100 percent of the time. Simulated pumpable flows in the driest year are 91,669 acre-feet and 109,500 acre-feet in the wettest year. Simulations of carryover storage together with year-round pumping indicate that there is generally sufficient pumpable flow available to refill the reservoir to capacity each year following peak-flow releases of as much as 10,000 acrefeet and low-flow releases of 5,412.5 acre-feet of water.\r\n\r\nIt is assumed that at least 5,412.5 acre-feet of stored water will be released during low-flow conditions irrespective of the hydrologic condition. Simulations indicate that peak-flow release conditions (flows between 12,900 and 26,600 cubic feet per second) to allow release of 10,000 acre-feet of stored water in the spring will occur only about 50 percent of the time. Under typical (5 of 10 years) to moderately dry (3 of 10 years) hydrologic conditions, the duration of the peak-flow conditions will not allow the full 10,000 acre-feet to be released from storage to supplement peak flows. During moderate to extremely dry (2 of 10 years) hydrologic conditions, the peak-flow release conditions will not occur, and there will be no opportunity to release water from storage to supplement peak flows.\r\n\r\nIn general, the simulated daily background dissolved-solids concentrations (salinity) increase due to the reservoir releases as hydrologic conditions go from wet to dry at the Government Highline Canal. For example, the simulated median concentrations during the low-flow period range from 417 milligrams per liter (wet year) to 723 milligrams per liter (dry year), whereas the simulated median concentrations observed during the peak-flow period range from 114 milligrams per liter (wet year) to 698 milligrams per liter (dry year). Background concentration values at the Grand Valley Irrigation Canal are generally only a few percent less than those at the Government Highline Canal except during dry years. \r\n\r\nLow-flow reservoir releases of 5,412.5 acre-feet and 10,825 acre-feet were simulated for a 30-day period in September, and low-flow releases of 5,412.5 acre-feet were simulated for a 78-day period in the months of August through October. In general, these low-flo","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045253","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M., 2004, Probable effects of the proposed Sulphur Gulch Reservoir on Colorado River quantity and quality near Grand Junction, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5253, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045253.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6239,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660ac8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":69986,"text":"ds114 - 2004 - Bracketing mid-pliocene sea surface temperature: maximum and minimum possible warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:35","indexId":"ds114","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"114","title":"Bracketing mid-pliocene sea surface temperature: maximum and minimum possible warming","docAbstract":"Estimates of sea surface temperature (SST) from ocean cores reveal a warm phase of the Pliocene between about 3.3 and 3.0 Mega-annum\u0019s (Ma). Pollen records from land based cores and sections, although not as well dated, also show evidence for a warmer climate at about the same time. Increased greenhouse forcing and altered ocean heat transport is the leading candidates for the underlying cause of Pliocene global warmth. However, despite being a period of global warmth, there exists considerable variability within this interval. Two new SST reconstructions have been created to provide a climatological error bar for warm peak phases of the Pliocene. These data represent the maximum and minimum possible warming recorded within the 3.3 to 3.0 Ma interval.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds114","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., 2004, Bracketing mid-pliocene sea surface temperature: maximum and minimum possible warming (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 114, 12 p. + data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds114.","productDescription":"12 p. + data files","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6238,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2004/114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb2f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry","contributorId":6138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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