The acute toxicities of four trace inorganics associated with placer mining were determined, individually and in environmentally relevant mixtures, to early life stages of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) from Alaska and Montana, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kitsutch) from Alaska and Washington, and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Montana. The descending rank order of toxicity to all species and life stages was copper > zinc > lead > arsenic. For each of the three species, sensitivity to the inorganics was greater in juveniles than in alvenins or in swim-up fry. Arctic grayling from Alaska were more sensitive than the other species tested, including Arctic grayling from Montana. For Arctic grayling, sensitivity to all four inorganics was significantly greater in swim-up fry from Alaska than in alevins from Montana, and sensitivity to arsenic and copper was significantly greater in juveniles from Alaska than in juveniles from Montana. In tests with environmentally relevant mixtures (based on ratios of concentrations measured in streams with placer mining) of these four inorganics, copper was identified as the major toxic component because it accounted for ⩾97% of the summed toxic units of the mixture, and an equitoxic mixture of these inorganics showed less-than-additive toxicity. Total and total recoverable copper concentrations reported in five Alaskan streams with active placer mines were higher than the acutely toxic concentrations, either individually or in mixtures, that the authors found to be acutely toxic to Arctic grayling and coho salmon from Alaska. However, caution should be used when comparing our results obtained in “clear” water to field situations, because speciation and toxicity of these inorganics may be altered in the presence of sediments suspended by placer mining activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0147-6513(90)90010-3","usgsCitation":"Buhl, K.J., and Hamilton, S., 1990, Comparative toxicity of inorganic contaminants released by placer mining to early life stages of salmonids: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 20, no. 3, p. 325-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(90)90010-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"342","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ee4b0dee4cc90cbff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210578,"text":"70210578 - 1990 - The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T17:16:45.077452","indexId":"70210578","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-10T11:58:30","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys","docAbstract":"Regional magnetotelluric surveys recently completed across the central and eastern Alaska Range of Alaska provide evidence for large volumes of conductive rocks beneath the core of the range. These conductive rocks may represent a formerly extensive, but now collapsed, Mesozoic flysch basin formed on the leading edge of the Talkeetna superterrane (amalgamated Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Alexander terranes). The docking of the Talkeetna superterrane caused large-scale oblique thrusting, folding, and metamorphism in the flysch basin, and formation of a megasuture along which the Cenozoic strike-slip Denali fault system developed. The deep magnetotelluric soundings and seismic reflection data suggest the possibility that the highly conductive rocks were tectonically emplaced beneath the thin crystalline sheet constituting the southern Yukon-Tanana terrane over a broad region of the Alaska Range. The conductive rocks are locally correlated with surface outcrops of Mesozoic black shales that are part of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous flysch but may be composed of Paleozoic carbonaceous shales as well. In either case, their extremely low resistivities make them a valuable marker horizon for tectonic studies. The conductive rocks are interpreted to extend to depths of greater than 20 km and were mapped north and northeast of the Denali fault for more than 50 km. The magnetotelluric surveys represent the first large-scale surveys done in Alaska, but the structures mapped are similar to those observed in large, compressed flysch basins in the eastern Alps and Carpathian Mountains of Europe. The results of these surveys bear on several key tectonic questions, including development of the ancestral Denali fault, and collapse and possible underplating of an extensive Mesozoic flysch system and associated igneous arc.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0160:TDFSAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stanley, W.D., Labson, V.F., Nokleberg, W.J., Csejtey, B., and Fisher, M.A., 1990, The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys: GSA Bulletin, v. 102, no. 2, p. 160-173, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0160:TDFSAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 54.826007999094955\n ],\n [\n -131.8359375,\n 54.826007999094955\n ],\n [\n -131.8359375,\n 63.31268278043484\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 63.31268278043484\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 54.826007999094955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241947,"text":"70241947 - 1990 - Geophysics at Katmai: Geophysical expedition to Novarupta Volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T18:38:52.461726","indexId":"70241947","displayToPublicDate":"1990-05-29T13:20:08","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysics at Katmai: Geophysical expedition to Novarupta Volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"The great eruption of 1912 in the Aleutian Range of Alaska (Figure 1) is exceptional for both its size and relative simplicity. It was the largest eruption of this century and the largest rhyolitic outburst in almost 20 centuries. The 60-hour, 30-km3 (ejecta volume) eruption produced extensive fallout deposits, an ash-flow sheet that gave rise to the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, and the 3-km-diameter Mt. Katmai caldera. Because magma reached the surface through uniform nonvolcanic basement and the vent underwent little or no collapse (unusual for such a large event), the site provides an ideal target for surface geophysical and subsurface coring exploration of structures and conditions produced by explosive volcanism [Panel on Volcanic Studies at Katmai, 1989]. A project to investigate upper crustal magmatic processes at Katmai is part of the U.S. Continental Scientific Drilling Program [Eichelberger and Hildreth, 1986]. The surface studies phase of this project was undertaken last summer and preliminary results are now emerging.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO071i022p00733","usgsCitation":"Eichelberger, J.C., Ballard, S., Carrigan, C.R., Goodliffe, A., Hildreth, W., Iwatsubo, E., Kasameyer, P.W., Keith, T.E., Kienle, J., Papike, J.J., Pollard, D.D., Stone, D., Wallmann, P.C., Ward, P., Wilt, M., and Yount, M., 1990, Geophysics at Katmai: Geophysical expedition to Novarupta Volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 71, no. 22, p. 733-736, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO071i022p00733.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"736","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park, Novarupta Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.16332495519723,\n 58.261533312221474\n ],\n [\n -155.15708347222153,\n 58.261073649085915\n ],\n [\n -155.1493440333316,\n 58.26238695651321\n ],\n [\n -155.14085561648469,\n 58.26678618179582\n ],\n [\n -155.14172942410127,\n 58.275254793980054\n ],\n [\n -155.1493440333316,\n 58.27768340219393\n ],\n [\n -155.1635746145163,\n 58.27558299401039\n ],\n [\n -155.1681933119183,\n 58.267836662273595\n ],\n [\n -155.16332495519723,\n 58.261533312221474\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eichelberger, John C.","contributorId":64971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, S.","contributorId":303871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrigan, Charles R.","contributorId":7515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carrigan","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodliffe, A.","contributorId":303872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodliffe","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iwatsubo, E.Y.","contributorId":20753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"E.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kasameyer, P. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Barnes, P.W., and Harper, J., 1990, A review of beach nourishment from ice transport of shoreface materials, Beaufort Sea, Alaska: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 6, no. 2, p. 439-470.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4297694"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.96548323940317,\n 68.82173144082046\n ],\n [\n -132.76016913205854,\n 68.68450254003685\n ],\n [\n -127.14169595797765,\n 70.02006857053703\n ],\n [\n -123.40376494787796,\n 73.7809216414004\n ],\n [\n -124.661245354573,\n 74.38149734625247\n ],\n [\n -132.66681531036735,\n 76.29476635640921\n ],\n [\n -156.02069629179937,\n 75.82442560070757\n ],\n [\n -161.70687797295713,\n 73.8351935536549\n ],\n [\n -162.0040309773941,\n 70.08174362354353\n ],\n [\n -159.30023232543053,\n 70.58732363569138\n ],\n [\n -157.68385452779037,\n 70.66993124323218\n ],\n [\n -149.55482646799453,\n 70.20972517938853\n ],\n [\n -144.39520303099985,\n 69.7027644338022\n ],\n [\n -143.3117325317516,\n 69.89443374130533\n ],\n [\n -140.76308300140784,\n 69.32225196907422\n ],\n [\n -139.6909043031447,\n 69.40898078316812\n ],\n [\n -134.42768094833963,\n 68.47067015894211\n ],\n [\n -134.96548323940317,\n 68.82173144082046\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, P. W.","contributorId":8819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, J. R.","contributorId":304220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242783,"text":"70242783 - 1990 - Eocene diatom chert from Adak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T20:53:19.124184","indexId":"70242783","displayToPublicDate":"1990-03-01T15:38:14","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eocene diatom chert from Adak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Bedded quartz cherts that contain recognizable diatoms are rare in the geologic record and are described here for the first time. The Eocene Andrew Lake Formation on Adak Island, Alaska consists of about 800 m of sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks. Quartz cherts containing diatoms occur in the upper part of the Andrew Lake Formation and crop out on the northern part of the island. The quartz chert formed at about 70 degrees C as determined by its oxygen isotopic composition. The diatoms were preserved in the chert because early and rapid alteration of ubiquitous volcanic glass in the section released silica and saturated the pore waters with respect to opal-A. Then, temperature rapidly increased with burial and the pore waters became undersaturated with respect to opal-A (biogenic silica), which occurred at a temperature greater than that needed to convert opal-CT to quartz. At this stage, delicate species of diatoms dissolved and quartz precipitated around the remaining more robust diatoms, forming diatom theft. Subsequently, grain-growth occurred and quartz replaced the frustules on a very fine scale.
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Hseuh-Wen","contributorId":304219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeh","given":"Hseuh-Wen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242735,"text":"70242735 - 1990 - Thermal regime of permafrost in Alaska and predicted global warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T15:32:48.383532","indexId":"70242735","displayToPublicDate":"1990-03-01T10:18:32","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2221,"text":"Journal of Cold Regions Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal regime of permafrost in Alaska and predicted global warming","docAbstract":"The mean surface temperature of permafrost in Alaska has warmed locally as much as 4° C during the last century although some areas show little or no indication of a warming or cooling. There is evidence for a recent cooling, since 1983, south of Prudhoe Bay to the Brooks Range. South of the Yukon River drainage and on the south side of the Seward Peninsula, permafrost temperatures are generally within a few degree's of thawing. There is a general consensus among scientists for a climatic warming of several degrees in surface air temperatures by the middle of the next century. If this warming occurs, there will be widespread thawing of the permafrost south of the Yukon River drainage and on the south side of the Seward Peninsula in Alaska. In general, thawing of warm discontinuous permafrost would also be expected in other areas of the polar regions. This potential thawing of the permafrost could create severe environmental and engineering problems.
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\"}}]}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, T.E.","contributorId":68959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242608,"text":"70242608 - 1990 - Development of slope valleys in the glacimarine environment of a complex subduction zone, Northern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T22:07:51.756827","indexId":"70242608","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T16:59:29","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":11125,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of London","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Development of slope valleys in the glacimarine environment of a complex subduction zone, Northern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Morphological, seismic-reflection, and sedimentological evidence indicates that glacial ice tongues cut large sea valleys into the Gulf of Alaska continental shelf during the Pleistocene. During the Holocene, glacially-derived sediments from the Copper River and other meltwater streams have been prograding seaward across the shelf, covering the glacial and glacimarine upper Yakataga diamicts that blanketed the shelf and accumulated on the upper slope seaward of the sea valleys during the Pleistocene. GLORIA imagery near Middleton Island provides a new perspective on the glacimarine depositional environment on the continental slope in a collision zone between the Pacific and North American plates. Southwest of Middleton Island, along the subduction margin, sinuous valleys funnel sediment around shelf-edge-parallel, subduction-created, anticlinal ridges that have deflected and locally trapped glacimarine sediment. The slope south and southeast of Middleton Island where oblique convergence occurs, is incised by dendritic, erosional gulley systems, contains no compressional ridges, and thus, the apparently active sediment pathways to the trench are unrestricted. However, below the sea valley mouths, apparently both glacial and glacimarine sediments blanket the upper slope, covering any dendritic gulley systems that may have formed during or since the Pleistocene low stands of sea level.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Glacimarine environments: Processes and sediments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.08","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., Bruns, T.R., and Fisher, M.A., 1990, Development of slope valleys in the glacimarine environment of a complex subduction zone, Northern Gulf of Alaska, chap. of Glacimarine environments: Processes and sediments: Special Papers of the Geological Society of London, v. 53, p. 139-153, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.08.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.46333784578474,\n 55.99380039699838\n ],\n [\n -157.72071305438067,\n 54.20933212108787\n ],\n [\n -146.06460588664132,\n 56.68751606289206\n ],\n [\n -139.06166845421927,\n 60.00240797235887\n ],\n [\n -141.17277564509777,\n 60.28930417358964\n ],\n [\n -143.90997414424692,\n 60.39453079706706\n ],\n [\n -147.37320093646488,\n 61.440839169936226\n ],\n [\n -149.08221676136833,\n 61.05217541228859\n ],\n [\n -150.21613702671002,\n 61.589144149275086\n ],\n [\n -151.83309591621628,\n 61.1531161634305\n ],\n [\n -154.6135005061479,\n 59.17719595692938\n ],\n [\n -153.94277210007465,\n 58.75481140488384\n ],\n [\n -159.46333784578474,\n 55.99380039699838\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dowdeswell, Julian A.","contributorId":304056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dowdeswell","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869097,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scourse, James","contributorId":279722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scourse","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57351,"text":"Centre for Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869098,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruns, Terry R.","contributorId":29420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":869096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241921,"text":"70241921 - 1990 - Development of slope valleys in the glacimarine environment of a complex subduction zone, Northern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-30T19:53:15.946894","indexId":"70241921","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T14:39:01","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":11125,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of London","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Development of slope valleys in the glacimarine environment of a complex subduction zone, Northern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Morphological, seismic-reflection, and sedimentological evidence indicates that glacial ice tongues cut large sea valleys into the Gulf of Alaska continental shelf during the Pleistocene. During the Holocene, glacially-derived sediments from the Copper River and other meltwater streams have been prograding seaward across the shelf, covering the glacial and glacimarine upper Yakataga diamicts that blanketed the shelf and accumulated on the upper slope seaward of the sea valleys during the Pleistocene. GLORIA imagery near Middleton Island provides a new perspective on the glacimarine depositional environment on the continental slope in a collision zone between the Pacific and North American plates. Southwest of Middleton Island, along the subduction margin, sinuous valleys funnel sediment around shelf-edge-parallel, subduction-created, anticlinal ridges that have deflected and locally trapped glacimarine sediment. The slope south and southeast of Middleton Island where oblique convergence occurs, is incised by dendritic, erosional gulley systems, contains no compressional ridges, and thus, the apparently active sediment pathways to the trench are unrestricted. However, below the sea valley mouths, apparently both glacial and glacimarine sediments blanket the upper slope, covering any dendritic gulley systems that may have formed during or since the Pleistocene low stands of sea level.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Glacimarine environments: Processes and sediments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.08","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., Bruns, T.R., and Fisher, M.A., 1990, Development of slope valleys in the glacimarine environment of a complex subduction zone, Northern Gulf of Alaska, chap. of Glacimarine environments: Processes and sediments: Special Papers of the Geological Society of London, v. 53, p. 139-153, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.08.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska, Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.51063585535928,\n 59.53369695538194\n ],\n [\n -146.51063585535928,\n 59.33022597265119\n ],\n [\n -146.14027962132684,\n 59.33022597265119\n ],\n [\n -146.14027962132684,\n 59.53369695538194\n ],\n [\n -146.51063585535928,\n 59.53369695538194\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruns, Terry R.","contributorId":29420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":868231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186211,"text":"70186211 - 1990 - Seasonal movements of adult female polar bears in the Bering and Chukchi seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:03:59","indexId":"70186211","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":978,"text":"Bears: Their Biology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements of adult female polar bears in the Bering and Chukchi seas","docAbstract":"Ten adult female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were fitted with satellite telemetry collars during March 1986 in the Kotzebue Sound area of the Chukchi Sea. During March-April 1987, 2 of these bears were refitted with satellite telemetry collars and an additional 10 adult females were collared in the northern Bering and eastern Chukchi seas. Data for 1,560 point locations recorded through May 1988 indicated that female polar bears in the Bering and Chukchi seas were resident in western Alaskan waters from November through March, then moved northward with the receding pack ice during April and May. They remained in the northern and northwestern Chukchi Sea during June through September, often adjacent to the Soviet coastline. Satellite telemetry data indicated that 4 females marked in Alaskan waters of the Chukchi Sea apparently denned in the vicinity of Wrangel Island during winter 1987/1988. Denning in American territory of bears marked in the Chukchi and Bering seas has not been documented using satellite telemetry data. Some polar bears moved from the Chukchi Sea into the western Beaufort Sea during summer and fall, then returned to the Chukchi and Bering seas the following winter. Movements of bears from the Chukchi Sea into the central or eastern Beaufort Sea were not documented through spring 1988. These data document that polar bears occuring in the Bering and Chukchi seas are shared internationally between the United States and the Soviet Union.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"A selection of papers from the eighth international conference on bear research and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management","conferenceDate":"February 1989","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, BC","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","doi":"10.2307/3872922","usgsCitation":"Garner, G.W., Knick, S.T., and Douglas, D., 1990, Seasonal movements of adult female polar bears in the Bering and Chukchi seas: Bears: Their Biology and Management, v. 8, p. 219-226, https://doi.org/10.2307/3872922.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering sea, Chukchi sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -183.603515625,\n 58.26328705248601\n ],\n [\n -152.9296875,\n 58.26328705248601\n ],\n [\n -152.9296875,\n 72.65958846878621\n ],\n [\n -183.603515625,\n 72.65958846878621\n ],\n [\n -183.603515625,\n 58.26328705248601\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6acbe4b02ff32c6aeaa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187454,"text":"70187454 - 1990 - Monitoring St. Lawrence Island and Cape Thompson seabird populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T17:25:23","indexId":"70187454","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring St. Lawrence Island and Cape Thompson seabird populations","docAbstract":"About 1.8 million seabirds of 12 species breed on St. Lawrence Island (Figure 1) - one of the largest aggregations of breeding seabirds in the subarctic Pacific. Colonies of least and crested auklets alone, totaling 1.5 million birds, contain a substantial proportion (perhaps 20%) of these species’ world populations. Large seabird colonies occur also at Cape Thompson (Figure 2), where thick-billed and common murres (ea. 360,000) and black-legged kittiwakes (ea. 26,000) are the numerically dominant species. Although critical nesting and foraging habitats of Cape Thompson and St, Lawrence Island seabirds have so far remained mostly free from disturbance or alteration, there is a possibility of adverse effects on either or both components of the birds’ environment from the exploration, production, or transport of oil and gas in the region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska OCS region third information transfer meeting: Conference proceedings (OCS Study MMS 90-0041)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Alaska OCS Region Third Information Transfer Meeting","conferenceDate":"January 30 to February 1, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Department of the Interior: Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., Piatt, J.F., Fadely, B.S., and Roberts, B.D., 1990, Monitoring St. Lawrence Island and Cape Thompson seabird populations, in Alaska OCS region third information transfer meeting: Conference proceedings (OCS Study MMS 90-0041), Anchorage, AK, January 30 to February 1, 1990, p. 105-111.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/ESPIS/2/2752.pdf#page=116"}],"publicComments":"OCS Study MMS 90-0041, Contract No. 14-12-0001-30297","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590aec4de4b0fc4e4492abb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fadely, Brian S.","contributorId":184042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fadely","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, Bay D.","contributorId":181868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185106,"text":"70185106 - 1990 - Individual variation in behavior and breeding success of Northern Fulmars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T09:26:14","indexId":"70185106","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual variation in behavior and breeding success of Northern Fulmars","docAbstract":"In a sample of breeding Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) observed in 4-5 years, up to 43% of the variability in 13 attributes of breeding behavior was consistent among individuals or pairs. Sample means for most attributes were correlated in a predictable way with annual levels of breeding success. Except for laying dates, there was little evidence that individual differences in these attributes contributed to variation in breeding success. A test of breeding experience as a contributing factor revealed an interaction between individual and annual components of variation. During years when the whole population did relatively poorly, pairs with no previous breeding experience were affected disproportionately. Late-nesting fulmars were more successful than early layers, possibly because delayed breeding ensured that food availability was adequate for successful incubation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088007","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 1990, Individual variation in behavior and breeding success of Northern Fulmars: The Auk, v. 107, no. 4, p. 750-755, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088007.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"750","endPage":"755","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4088007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.917724609375,\n 55.95842604865925\n ],\n [\n -156.56890869140625,\n 55.95842604865925\n ],\n [\n -156.56890869140625,\n 56.24182370942394\n ],\n [\n -156.917724609375,\n 56.24182370942394\n ],\n [\n -156.917724609375,\n 55.95842604865925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185105,"text":"70185105 - 1990 - Immediate impact of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill on marine birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T10:05:47","indexId":"70185105","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immediate impact of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill on marine birds","docAbstract":"On 24 March 1989, the oil tanker 'Exxon Valdez' spilled 260,000 barrels of crude oil in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Oil eventually drifted over $30,000\\ {\\rm km}^{2}$ of coastal and offshore waters occupied by approximately one million marine birds. More than 30,000 dead birds of 90 species were retrieved from polluted areas by 1 August 1989. Of those identified, murres (74%), other alcids (7.0%), and sea ducks (5.3%) suffered the highest mortality from oil, and most (88%) birds were killed outside of Prince William Sound. A colony of 129,000 murres at the Barren Islands was probably devastated. Another 7,000 birds were retrieved between 1 August and 13 October, but most of those birds appeared to have died from natural causes. This later die-off was composed largely of shearwaters and other procellariids (51%), gulls (22%), and puffins (14%). Based on aerial and ship-based surveys for populations at risk, and extrapolating from the number of dead birds recovered, we estimate that the total kill from oil pollution was from 100,000 to 300,000 birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4087623","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Lensink, C.J., Butler, W., Kendziorek, M., and Nysewander, D.R., 1990, Immediate impact of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill on marine birds: The Auk, v. 107, no. 2, p. 387-397, https://doi.org/10.2307/4087623.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"397","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4087623","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 56.0965557505683\n ],\n [\n -146.3818359375,\n 56.0965557505683\n ],\n [\n -146.3818359375,\n 61.14323525084058\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 61.14323525084058\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 56.0965557505683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lensink, Calvin J.","contributorId":99612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lensink","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33810,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, William","contributorId":189279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendziorek, Marshal","contributorId":189280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendziorek","given":"Marshal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nysewander, David R.","contributorId":23036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nysewander","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188994,"text":"70188994 - 1990 - Identification of a herpes-like virus in sea otters during rehabilitation after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T14:12:45","indexId":"70188994","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5441,"text":"Biological Report","printIssn":"0895-1926","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"90(12)","displayTitle":"Identification of a herpes-like virus in sea otters during rehabilitation after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill","title":"Identification of a herpes-like virus in sea otters during rehabilitation after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"During implantation of radiotelemetry devices in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) at the Seward Otter Rehabilitation Center, surgical team members noted ulcers in the oral cavity of each of five animals examined. Oral lesions were identified in 25 of 27 otters examined at the center. Histological evaluation of the lesions revealed focal areas of mucosal epithelial necrosis with associated intranuclear viral inclusion bodies. A herpes-like virus was subsequently identified ultrastructurally. The concern of releasing a virus of unknown origin and virulence into a naive wild otter population prompted management decisions restricting the movement of otters and jeopardizing the scheduled release of the otters on 27 July 1989. A team of veterinarians and otter capture personnel captured and examined 12 free-living adult otters off the coast of the southern Kenai Peninsula. Viral-induced oral lesions were identified in many of these animals establishing that the virus was indigenous to sea otters living in Alaskan waters; rehabilitated otters were released back into the wild.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea otter symposium: Proceedings of a symposium to evaluate the response effort on behalf of sea otters after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill into Prince William Sound (Biological Reports 90[12])","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Sea Otter Symposium: Symposium to evaluate the response effort on behalf of sea otters after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill into Prince William Sound","conferenceDate":"April 17-19, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.5962/bhl.title.45854","issn":"0895-1926","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., Moeller, R., Lipscomb, T., Pletcher, J., Haebler, R., Tuomi, P., McCormick, C., DeGange, A.R., Mulcahy, D.M., and Williams, T., 1990, Identification of a herpes-like virus in sea otters during rehabilitation after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill, in Sea otter symposium: Proceedings of a symposium to evaluate the response effort on behalf of sea otters after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill into Prince William Sound (Biological Reports 90[12]), Anchorage, AK, April 17-19, 1990, p. 366-368, https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45854.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45854","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965f9c4e4b0d1f9f05cae6a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bayha, 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rationale for marking sea otters captured and treated during the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"Four methods were used for marking sea otters (Enhydra lutris) captured and treated during the response to the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill. Colored and numbered flipper tags were placed on each sea otter that was brought to the otter treatment centers. These tags allowed individual recognition and permitted the tracking of individuals through the treatment and holding processes. Recovery of tagged carcasses may provide a crude measure of the fates of rehabilitated otters. Seven sea otters were instrumented with radio transmitters attached to flipper tags as part of a pilot release program. The results of that study were inconclusive. Forty-five sea otters were implanted with radio transmitters as part of a study to assess the fate of rehabilitated sea otters. Specific objectives of the study include estimating survived rates and monitoring the reproductive success of the sample of rehabilitated sea otters and comparing the results with similar variables in a control population. Transponder chips were injected in the perianal region of all but seven of the instrumented sea otters, and all were tagged with red flipper tags. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of tag are discussed.
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The primary objective of this operation was to capture live, oiled sea otters for cleaning and rehabilitation. Between 30 March and 29 May 1989, 139 live sea otters were captured in the sound and transported to rehabilitation centers in Valdez, Alaska. Within the first 15 days of capture operations, 122 (88%) otters were captured. Most sea otters were captured near Knight, Green, and Evans islands in the western sound. The primary capture method consisted of dipnetting otters out of water and off beaches. While capture rates declined over time, survival of captured otters increased as the interval from spill date to capture date increased. The relative degree of oiling observed for each otter captured declined over time. Declining capture rates led to the use of tangle nets. The evidence suggests the greatest threat to sea otters in Prince William Sound occurred within the first 3 weeks after the spill. Thus, in the future, the authors believe rescue efforts should begin as soon as possible after an oil spill in sea otter habitat. Further, preemptive capture and relocation of sea otters in Prince William Sound may have increased the number of otters that could have survived this event.
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Outlines research directed towards defining the deformation that occurs between great earthquakes (interseismic part of the seismic cycle) and the longterm history of deformation over repeated seismic cycles in the earthquake-affected region, emphasizing work in progress. An understanding of this record of deformation is basic for evaluating how frequently 1964-type events recur in this same region, for improved understanding for the earthquake cycle in great subduction-zone seismotectonic events, and for predicting future great earthquakes in this and tectonically similar regions elsewhere. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., 1990, Regional vertical tectonic displacement of shorelines in south- central Alaska during and between great earthquakes: Northwest Science, v. 64, no. 5, p. 250-258.","startPage":"250","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a59de4b0e8fec6cdbe99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015752,"text":"70015752 - 1990 - Seismic anisotropy due to preferred mineral orientation observed in shallow crustal rocks in southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T01:32:44.810044","indexId":"70015752","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic anisotropy due to preferred mineral orientation observed in shallow crustal rocks in southern Alaska","docAbstract":"Laboratory velocity measurements and structural field relations explain the observation of a significant seismic anisotropy within highly foliated rocks in southern Alaska. The orientation of the principal compressive stress indicates that this anisotropy is not related to extensive dilatancy, but can be satisfactorily explained by the foliation of the metasedimentary rocks. Laboratory measurements indicate a significant anisotropy within these rocks even at pressures well above those thought to close microcracks. These observations document that anisotropy related to preferred mineral orientation may be widespread in continental rocks. Thus, pervasive foliation can play a more important role in causing anisotropy than dilatancy, and inferences of principal stress orientations solely from anisotropy may be erroneous.