This report presents the results of the first known integrated study of long-term average ground-water recharge to shallow aquifers (generally less than 100 feet deep) in the United States and Canada for the Great Lakes, upper St. Lawrence, and Ottawa River Basins. The approach used was consistent throughout the study area and allows direct comparison of recharge rates in disparate parts of the study area. Estimates of recharge are based on base-flow estimates for streams throughout the Great Lakes Basin and the assumption that base flow in a given stream is equal to the amount of shallow ground-water recharge to the surrounding watershed, minus losses to evapotranspiration. Base-flow estimates were developed throughout the study area using a single model based on an empirical relation between measured base-flow characteristics at streamflow-gaging stations and the surficial-geologic materials, which consist of bedrock, coarse-textured deposits, fine-textured deposits, till, and organic matter, in the surrounding surface-water watershed. Model calibration was performed using base-flow index (BFI) estimates for 959 stations in the U.S. and Canada using a combined 28,784 years of daily streamflow record determined using the hydrograph-separation software program PART.
Results are presented for watersheds represented by 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC, U.S.) and tertiary (Canada) watersheds. Recharge values were lowest (1.6-4.0 inches/year) in the eastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan; southwest of Green Bay, Wisconsin; in northwestern Ohio; and immediately south of the St. Lawrence River northeast of Lake Ontario. Recharge values were highest (12-16.8 inches/year) in snow shadow areas east and southeast of each Great Lake. Further studies of deep aquifer recharge and the temporal variability of recharge would be needed to gain a more complete understanding of ground-water recharge in the Great Lakes Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055284","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada National Assessment of Water Availability and Use Program","usgsCitation":"Neff, B., Piggott, A., and Sheets, R.A., 2006, Estimation of shallow ground-water recharge in the Great Lakes basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5284, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055284.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7738,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5284/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes 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-74.794921875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, B.P.","contributorId":92759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piggott, A.R.","contributorId":34600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piggott","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheets, R. A.","contributorId":43381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76676,"text":"sir20055281 - 2006 - Sinkhole flooding in Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, Tennessee, 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:17","indexId":"sir20055281","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5281","title":"Sinkhole flooding in Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, Tennessee, 2001-02","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, conducted an investigation from January 2001 through April 2002 to delineate sinkholes and sinkhole watersheds in the Murfreesboro area and to characterize the hydrologic response of sinkholes to major rainfall events. Terrain analysis was used to define sinkholes and delineate the sinkhole drainage areas. Flooding in 78 sinkholes in three focus areas was identified and tracked using aerial photography following three major storms in February 2001, January 2002, and March 2002. The three focus areas are located to the east, north, and northwest of Murfreesboro and are underlain primarily by the Ridley Limestone with some outcrops of the underlying Pierce Limestone.\r\n\r\nThe observed sinkhole flooding is controlled by water inflow, water outflow, and the degree of the hydraulic connection (connectivity) to a ground-water conduit system. The observed sinkholes in the focus areas are grouped into three categories based on the sinkhole morphology and the connectivity to the ground-water system as indicated by their response to flooding. The three types of sinkholes described for these focus areas are pan sinkholes with low connectivity, deep sinkholes with high connectivity, and deep sinkholes with low connectivity to the ground-water conduit system.\r\n\r\nShallow, broad pan sinkholes flood as water inflow from a storm inundates the depression at land surface. Water overflow from one pan sinkhole can flow downgradient and become inflow to a sinkhole at a lower altitude. Land-surface modifications that direct more water into a pan sinkhole could increase peak-flood altitudes and extend flood durations. Land-surface modifications that increase the outflow by overland drainage could decrease the flood durations. Road construction or alterations that reduce flow within or between pan sinkholes could result in increased flood durations.\r\n\r\nFlood levels and durations in the deeper sinkholes observed in the three focus areas are primarily affected by the connectivity with the ground-water conduit system. Deep sinkholes with a relatively high connectivity to the ground-water system fill quickly after a storm, and drain rapidly after the storm ends, and water levels decline as much as 3 to 5 feet per day in the first 2 to 3 days after a major storm. These sinkholes store the initial floodwater and then rapidly transmit water to the ground-water conduit system (high outflow). Land-surface changes that direct more water into the sinkhole may increase the flood peaks, but may not have a substantial effect on the flood durations.\r\n\r\nDeep sinkholes that have low connectivity to the ground-water conduit system may have a delayed peak water level and may drain slowly, only about 2 to 3 feet in 10 days. Outflow from these sinkholes is limited or restricted by low connectivity to the ground-water conduit system. Land-surface alterations that increase the inflow to the sinkholes can result in high flood levels or increased flood durations. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055281","collaboration":"Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., and Hileman, G.E., 2006, Sinkhole flooding in Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, Tennessee, 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5281, vi, 38 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055281.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"44","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Mike 0000-0002-2979-265X mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hileman, Gregg Edward","contributorId":60337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hileman","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184344,"text":"70184344 - 2006 - Effects of spatially variable resolution on field-scale estimates of tracer concentration from electrical inversions using Archie's law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T17:48:02","indexId":"70184344","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spatially variable resolution on field-scale estimates of tracer concentration from electrical inversions using Archie's law","docAbstract":"Two important mechanisms affect our ability to estimate solute concentrations quantitatively from the inversion of field-scale electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data: (1) the spatially variable physical processes that govern the flow of current as well as the variation of physical properties in space and (2) the overparameterization of inverse models, which requires the imposition of a smoothing constraint (regularization) to facilitate convergence of the inverse solution. Based on analyses of field and synthetic data, we find that the ability of ERT to recover the 3D shape and magnitudes of a migrating conductive target is spatially variable. Additionally, the application of Archie's law to tomograms from field ERT data produced solute concentrations that are consistently less than 10% of point measurements collected in the field and estimated from transport modeling. Estimates of concentration from ERT using Archie's law only fit measured solute concentrations if the apparent formation factor is varied with space and time and allowed to take on unreasonably high values. Our analysis suggests that the inability to find a single petrophysical relation in space and time between concentration and electrical resistivity is largely an effect of two properties of ERT surveys: (1) decreased sensitivity of ERT to detect the target plume with increasing distance from the electrodes and (2) the smoothing imprint of regularization used in inversion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2194900","usgsCitation":"Singha, K., and Gorelick, S.M., 2006, Effects of spatially variable resolution on field-scale estimates of tracer concentration from electrical inversions using Archie's law: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 3, p. G83-G91, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2194900.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"G83","endPage":"G91","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4fde4b014cc3a3ba527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":8784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76668,"text":"sir20065062 - 2006 - Evaluation of hydrologic conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2002-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065062","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5062","title":"Evaluation of hydrologic conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2002-03","docAbstract":"A ground-water quality study to define the potential sources and concentration of nitrate in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer was conducted between January 2002 and March 2003. The study area covers about 3,600 hectares of the coastal plain within the municipality of Salinas in southern Puerto Rico, extending from the foothills to the Caribbean Sea. Agriculture is the principal land use and includes cultivation of diverse crops, turf grass, bioengineered crops for seed production, and commercial poultry farms.\r\n\r\nGround-water withdrawal in the alluvial fan was estimated to be about 43,500 cubic meters per day, of which 49 percent was withdrawn for agriculture, 42 percent for public supply, and 9 percent for industrial use. Ground-water flow in the study area was primarily to the south and toward a cone of depression within the south-central part of the alluvial fan. The presence of that cone of depression and a smaller one located in the northeastern quadrant of the study area may contribute to the increase in nitrate concentration within a total area of about 545 hectares by 'recycling' ground water used for irrigation of cultivated lands.\r\n\r\nIn an area that covers about 405 hectares near the center of the Salinas alluvial fan, nitrate concentrations increased from 0.9 to 6.7 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in 1986 to 8 to 12 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in 2002. Principal sources of nitrate in the study area are fertilizers (used in the cultivated farmlands) and poultry farm wastes. The highest nitrogen concentrations were found at poultry farms in the foothills area. In the area of disposed poultry farm wastes, nitrate concentrations in ground water ranged from 25 to 77 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Analyses for the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen-15/nitrogen-14 in nitrate were used to distinguish the source of nitrate in the coastal plain alluvial fan aquifer.\r\n\r\nPotential nitrate loads from areas under cultivation were estimated for the principal crops in the area. The load estimates ranged from 18 kilograms per hectare per year as nitrogen for sorghum crops to 430 kilograms per hectare per year as nitrogen for turf-grass farms. Potential nitrate load from poultry farm wastes and from communities with septic tanks were estimated at about 580 and 47 kilograms per hectare per year as nitrogen, respectively. Results obtained from the analyses of the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen-15/nitrogen-14 in nitrate samples indicated that the high nitrate concentrations are from poultry wastes near the foothills, whereas artificial fertilizers were estimated to contribute between 39 to 97 percent of the total nitrate in the central part of the alluvial fan. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065062","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., 2006, Evaluation of hydrologic conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2002-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5062, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065062.","productDescription":"38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":538,"text":"Puerto Rico Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7719,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.03333333333333,18.55 ], [ -66.03333333333333,18 ], [ -66.05,18 ], [ -66.05,18.55 ], [ -66.03333333333333,18.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76674,"text":"sir20065016 - 2006 - Suspended-sediment yields and stream-channel processes on Judy's Branch watershed in the St. Louis Metro East region in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065016","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5016","title":"Suspended-sediment yields and stream-channel processes on Judy's Branch watershed in the St. Louis Metro East region in Illinois","docAbstract":"Judy's Branch watershed, a small basin (8.64 square miles) in the St. Louis Metro East region in Illinois, was selected as a pilot site to determine suspended-sediment yields and stream-channel processes in the bluffs and American Bottoms (expansive low-lying valley floor in the region). Suspended-sediment and stream-chan-nel data collected and analyzed for Judy's Branch watershed are presented in this report to establish a baseline of data for water-resource managers to evaluate future stream rehabilitation and manage-ment alternatives. The sediment yield analysis determines the amount of sediment being delivered from the watershed and two subwatersheds: an urban tributary and an undeveloped headwater (pri-marily agricultural). The analysis of the subwater-sheds is used to compare the effects of urbanization on sediment yield to the river. The stream-channel contribution to sediment yield was determined by evaluation of the stream-channel processes operat-ing on the streambed and banks of Judy's Branch watershed. Bank stability was related to hydrologic events, bank stratigraphy, and channel geometry through model development and simulation.\r\n\r\nThe average suspended-sediment yield from two upland subwatersheds (drainage areas of 0.23 and 0.40 sq.mi. was 1,163 tons per square mile per year (tons/sq.mi.-year) between July 2000 and June 2004. The suspended-sediment yield at the Route 157 station was 2,523 tons/sq.mi.-year, near the outlet of Judy's Branch watershed (drainage area = 8.33 sq.mi.). This is approximately 1,360 tons/sq.mi.-year greater than the average at the upland stations for the same time period. This result is unexpected in that, generally, the suspended-sediment yield decreases as the watershed area increases because of sediment stored in the channel and flood plain. The difference indicates a possible increase in yield from a source, such as bank retreat, and supports the concept that land-use changes increase stream-flows that may in turn result in higher rates of bank retreat. Utilizing both bank-rod data and resurveyed cross-section data, it was determined that approxi-mately half of the suspended- sediment yield at Route 157 during July 2000-June 2004 came from bank retreat.\r\n\r\nGiven that bank retreat can be a substantial portion of the sediment yield, understanding bank stability processes is important. Bank stability can be assessed mathematically by computing the factor of safety, which is defined by the ratio of the shear strength (resisting force) along the failure surface and the shear stress (driving gravitational force). Once the factor of safety falls below one, the bank theoretically becomes unstable. Bank-stability conditions were related to hydrologic events, bank type, and channel geometry through model develop-ment and simulation. The most common type of bank in the watershed consists of cohesive alluvial soil deposits overlying a stiff glacial till. A stabil-ity chart for different bank types was developed using a bank-stability analysis. Banks steeper than 70 degrees and higher than from 10 to 11.5 feet (depending on bank type) become at risk for mass failure in the watershed under conditions that pro-mote saturation of the bank and a sudden drop in the river level. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065016","usgsCitation":"Straub, T., Johnson, G.P., Roseboom, D., and Sierra, C.R., 2006, Suspended-sediment yields and stream-channel processes on Judy's Branch watershed in the St. Louis Metro East region in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5016, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065016.","productDescription":"51 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7727,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,39 ], [ -90,39.333333333333336 ], [ -90.5,39.333333333333336 ], [ -90.5,39 ], [ -90,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68803c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Straub, Timothy D. 0000-0002-5896-0851 tdstraub@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-0851","contributorId":2273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Timothy D.","email":"tdstraub@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Gary P. 0000-0003-0363-9873 gjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-9873","contributorId":2959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"gjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":287581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roseboom, Donald P.","contributorId":94747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseboom","given":"Donald P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sierra, Carlos R.","contributorId":9365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sierra","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":76673,"text":"sir20055270 - 2006 - Continuous hydrologic simulation and flood-frequency, hydraulic, and flood-hazard analysis of the Blackberry Creek watershed, Kane County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20055270","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5270","title":"Continuous hydrologic simulation and flood-frequency, hydraulic, and flood-hazard analysis of the Blackberry Creek watershed, Kane County, Illinois","docAbstract":"Results of hydrologic model, flood-frequency, hydraulic model, and flood-hazard analysis of the Blackberry Creek watershed in Kane County, Illinois, indicate that the 100-year and 500-year flood plains range from approximately 25 acres in the tributary F watershed (a headwater subbasin at the northeastern corner of the watershed) to almost 1,800 acres in Blackberry Creek main stem. Based on 1996 land-cover data, most of the land in the 100-year and 500-year flood plains was cropland, forested and wooded land, and grassland. A relatively small percentage of urban land was in the flood plains.\r\n\r\nThe Blackberry Creek watershed has undergone rapid urbanization in recent decades. The population and urbanized lands in the watershed are projected to double from the 1990 condition by 2020. Recently, flood-induced damage has occurred more frequently in urbanized areas of the watershed. There are concerns about the effect of urbanization on flood peaks and volumes, future flood-mitigation plans, and potential effects on the water quality and stream habitats. This report describes the procedures used in developing the hydrologic models, estimating the flood-peak discharge magnitudes and recurrence intervals for flood-hazard analysis, developing the hydraulic model, and the results of the analysis in graphical and tabular form.\r\n\r\nThe hydrologic model, Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF), was used to perform the simulation of continuous water movements through various patterns of land uses in the watershed. Flood-frequency analysis was applied to an annual maximum series to determine flood quantiles in subbasins for flood-hazard analysis. The Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydraulic model was used to determine the 100-year and 500-year flood elevations, and to determine the 100-year floodway. The hydraulic model was calibrated and verified using high water marks and observed inundation maps for the July 17-18, 1996, flood event. Digital maps of the 100-year and 500-year flood plains and the 100-year floodway for each tributary and the main stem of Blackberry Creek were compiled.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055270","usgsCitation":"Soong, D., Straub, T., and Murphy, E., 2006, Continuous hydrologic simulation and flood-frequency, hydraulic, and flood-hazard analysis of the Blackberry Creek watershed, Kane County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5270, 78 p.; 1 map plate, 38 x 42 in.; 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055270.","productDescription":"78 p.; 1 map plate, 38 x 42 in.; 1 CD-ROM","numberOfPages":"78","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":21,"text":"Referenced Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5270/pdf/hydraulictable.pdf","size":"1280","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":7726,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5270/pdf/plate.pdf","size":"160000","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":7724,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,41 ], [ -89,42 ], [ -88,42 ], [ -88,41 ], [ -89,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, Timothy D. 0000-0002-5896-0851 tdstraub@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-0851","contributorId":2273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Timothy D.","email":"tdstraub@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76664,"text":"ofr20061043 - 2006 - Chlorophyll a and inorganic suspended solids in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River system: Backwater lake effects and their associations with selected environmental predictors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"ofr20061043","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1043","title":"Chlorophyll a and inorganic suspended solids in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River system: Backwater lake effects and their associations with selected environmental predictors","docAbstract":"The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) uses a stratified random sampling design to obtain water quality statistics within selected study reaches of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). LTRMP sampling strata are based on aquatic area types generally found in large rivers (e.g., main channel, side channel, backwater, and impounded areas). For hydrologically well-mixed strata (i.e., main channel), variance associated with spatial scales smaller than the strata scale is a relatively minor issue for many water quality parameters. However, analysis of LTRMP water quality data has shown that within-strata variability at the strata scale is high in off-channel areas (i.e., backwaters). A portion of that variability may be associated with differences among individual backwater lakes (i.e., small and large backwater regions separated by channels) that cumulatively make up the backwater stratum. The objective of the statistical modeling presented here is to determine if differences among backwater lakes account for a large portion of the variance observed in the backwater stratum for selected parameters. If variance associated with backwater lakes is high, then inclusion of backwater lake effects within statistical models is warranted. Further, lakes themselves may represent natural experimental units where associations of interest to management may be estimated.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061043","collaboration":"Product of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program","usgsCitation":"Rogala, J.T., and Gray, B.R., 2006, Chlorophyll a and inorganic suspended solids in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River system: Backwater lake effects and their associations with selected environmental predictors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1043, 2 p.: ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061043.","productDescription":"2 p.: ill.","startPage":"0","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e252c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76662,"text":"sir20065091 - 2006 - Interactive effects of dissolved zinc and orthophosphate on phytoplankton from Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T12:02:38","indexId":"sir20065091","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5091","title":"Interactive effects of dissolved zinc and orthophosphate on phytoplankton from Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho","docAbstract":"Within the longitudinal chemical-concentration gradient in Coeur d'Alene Lake, generated by inputs from the St. Joe and Coeur d'Alene Rivers, two dominant algal species, Chlorella minutissima and Asterionella formosa, were isolated and cultured in chemically defined media to examine growth response to a range of dissolved orthophosphate concentrations and zinc-ion activities representative of the region within- and up-gradient of the Coeur d'Alene River inlet to the lake. Although zinc is an essential micronutrient, the toxicity of algal species to elevated concentrations of uncomplexed zinc has been demonstrated, and affects the metabolism of phosphorus (Kuwabara, 1985a; Kuwabara and others, 1986), the limiting nutrient in the lake. This interaction between solutes could be of management interest. As an extension of field work conducted in August, 1999 (Kuwabara and others, 2003b), the water column and benthos of Coeur d'Alene Lake were sampled in August 2001, June 2004 and June 2005 (Fig. 1; Table 1) to provide the biological characterization in terms of phytoplankton community composition, benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and benthic chlorophyll concentrations, as well as chemical characterizations at six sites (three depths per site) within the lake. This work, in support of the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality and regional tribal organizations, provides the first phytoplankton response models in a format that may be incorporated into a process-interdependent water-quality model like CAEDYM (Fig. 2; Brookes and others, 2004; Centre for Water Research, 2006) as a management tool for the lake.\r\n\r\nThis study provides information in support of developing process-interdependent solute-transport models for the watershed (that is, models integrating physical, geochemical and biological processes), and hence in support of subsequent evaluation of remediation or load-allocation strategies. The following two questions are posed: Are dissolved zinc and orthophosphate concentrations interactively associated with growth parameters of dominant phytoplankton species within the longitudinal concentration gradient of Coeur d'Alene Lake? If so, can these interactions be quantitatively incorporated into a water-quality model for the lake?","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065091","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Woods, P.F., Carter, J.L., and Hager, S.W., 2006, Interactive effects of dissolved zinc and orthophosphate on phytoplankton from Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5091, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065091.","productDescription":"47 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":633,"text":"Water Resources National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7710,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/solutetransport/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.97418212890625,\n 47.301584511330795\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 47.301584511330795\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 47.73562905149295\n ],\n [\n -116.97418212890625,\n 47.73562905149295\n ],\n [\n -116.97418212890625,\n 47.301584511330795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hager, Stephen W.","contributorId":48935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":76643,"text":"sir20065003 - 2006 - Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics and water-quality characteristics in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2001 through 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"sir20065003","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5003","title":"Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics and water-quality characteristics in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2001 through 2003","docAbstract":"Beaver Lake is a large, deep-storage reservoir located in the upper White River Basin in northwestern Arkansas. The purpose of this report is to describe the ambient hydrologic and water-quality conditions in Beaver Lake and its inflows and describe a two-dimensional model developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality of Beaver Lake from 2001 through 2003.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples were collected at the three main inflows to Beaver Lake; the White River near Fayetteville, Richland Creek at Goshen, and War Eagle Creek near Hindsville. Nutrient concentrations varied among the tributaries because of land use and contributions of nutrients from point sources. The median concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen were greater for the White River than Richland and War Eagle Creeks. The greatest concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate and total nitrogen, however, were observed at War Eagle Creek. Phosphorus concentrations were relatively low, with orthophosphorus and dissolved phosphorus concentrations mostly below the laboratory reporting limit at the three sites. War Eagle Creek had significantly greater median orthophosphorus and total phosphorus concentrations than the White River and Richland Creek. Dissolved organic-carbon concentrations were significantly greater at the White River than at War Eagle and Richland Creeks. The White River also had significantly greater turbidity than War Eagle Creek and Richland Creek.\r\n\r\nThe temperature distribution in Beaver Lake exhibits the typical seasonal cycle of lakes and reservoirs located within similar latitudes. Beaver Lake is a monomictic system, in which thermal stratification occurs annually during the summer and fall and complete mixing occurs in the winter. Isothermal conditions exist throughout the winter and early spring.\r\n\r\nNitrogen concentrations varied temporally, longitudinally, and vertically in Beaver Lake for 2001 through 2003. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations generally decreased from the upstream portion of Beaver Lake to the downstream portion and generally were greater in the hypolimnion. Total ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations also decreased from the upstream end of Beaver Lake to the downstream end and were substantially greater in the hypolimnion of Beaver Lake. Phosphorus concentrations mostly were near or below laboratory detection limits in the epilimnion and metalimnion in Beaver Lake and were substantially greater in the hypolimnion in the upstream and middle parts of the reservoir. Measured total and dissolved organic carbon in Beaver Lake was relatively uniform spatially, longitudinally, and vertically in the reservoir from January 2001 through December 2003. Chlorophyll a concentrations measured at sites in the upstream portion of the lake were significantly greater than at the other sites in the downstream portion of Beaver Lake.\r\n\r\nDuring the study period, water clarity in Beaver Lake was significantly greater at the downstream end of the reservoir than at the upstream end. The greatest Secchi depths at the downstream end of the reservoir generally were observed in 2001 compared to 2002 and 2003, but did not have a seasonal pattern as observed at sites in the middle and upstream portion of the reservoir. Similar to Secchi depth results, turbidity results indicated greater water clarity in the downstream portion of Beaver Lake compared to the upstream portion. Turbidity also was greater in the hypolimnion than in the epilimnion in the reservoir during the stratification season.\r\n\r\nA two-dimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic, and water-quality model using CE-QUAL-W2 Version 3.1 was developed for Beaver Lake and calibrated based on vertical profiles of temperature and dissolved oxygen, and water-quality constituent concentrations collected at various depths at four sites in the reservoir from April 2001 to April 2003. Simulated temperatures and dissolved-oxygen concentrations compared reasonably well with measured t","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065003","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., and Green, W.R., 2006, Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics and water-quality characteristics in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2001 through 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5003, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065003.","productDescription":"64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,35 ], [ -94,36.6 ], [ -93.66666666666667,36.6 ], [ -93.66666666666667,35 ], [ -94,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76641,"text":"fs20053126 - 2006 - The U.S. Geological Survey and City of Atlanta water-quality and water-quantity monitoring network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:06:51","indexId":"fs20053126","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3126","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey and City of Atlanta water-quality and water-quantity monitoring network","docAbstract":"Population growth and urbanization affect the landscape, and the quality and quantity of water in nearby rivers and streams, as well as downstream receiving waters (Ellis, 1999). Typical impacts include: (1) disruption of the hydrologic cycle through increases in the extent of impervious surfaces (e.g., roads, roofs, sidewalks) that increase the velocity and volume of surface-water runoff; (2) increased chemical loads to local and downstream receiving waters from industrial sources, nonpoint-source runoff, leaking sewer systems, and sewer overflows; (3) direct or indirect soil contamination from industrial sources, power-generating facilities, and landfills; and (4) reduction in the quantity and quality of aquatic habitats.\r\n\r\nThe City of Atlanta's monitoring network consists of 21 long-term sites. Eleven of these are 'fully instrumented' to provide real-time data on water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, turbidity (intended as a surrogate for suspended sediment concentration), water level (gage height, intended as a surrogate for discharge), and precipitation. Data are transmitted hourly and are available on a public Web site (http://ga.water.usgs.gov/). Two sites only measure water level and rainfall as an aid to stormwater monitoring. The eight remaining sites are used to assess water quality.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053126","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., and Hughes, W.B., 2006, The U.S. Geological Survey and City of Atlanta water-quality and water-quantity monitoring network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3126, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053126.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3126.jpg"},{"id":7686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87,30 ], [ -87,37 ], [ -83,37 ], [ -83,30 ], [ -87,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6731ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, W. Brian","contributorId":84353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76633,"text":"tm6A15 - 2006 - Use of the Multi-Node Well (MNW) package when simulating solute transport with the MODFLOW ground-water transport process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T12:12:09","indexId":"tm6A15","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A15","title":"Use of the Multi-Node Well (MNW) package when simulating solute transport with the MODFLOW ground-water transport process","docAbstract":"This report describes modifications to a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) three-dimensional solute-transport model (MODFLOW-GWT), which is incorporated into the USGS MODFLOW ground-water model as the Ground-Water Transport (GWT) Process. The modifications were made to create compatibility between the Multi-Node Well (MNW) Package for MODFLOW and the MODFLOW-GWT model. This compatibility improves the capability of MODFLOW-GWT to represent accurately solute transport in simulations that include multi-node wells because long-screen wells or long open boreholes that extend through multiple model layers can provide fast pathways for solutes to move from one location to another in a ground-water flow system. For nonpumping multi-node wells (used to simulate open boreholes or observation wells, for example), a simple routing and local mixing model was developed to calculate nodal concentrations within the borehole. A depth-averaged concentration is calculated for such nonpumping wells. For pumping multi-node wells (either withdrawal or injection) in which the flow between the well and the ground-water system is in the same direction at all nodes, the average concentration in the well is calculated as a flux-based mean assuming complete and instantaneous mixing in the wellbore of all inflows. For pumping multi-node wells (either withdrawal or injection) in which the flow between the well and the ground-water system is not unidirectional, the concentration distribution within the well is calculated using the same routing and local mixing model used for a nonpumping multi-node well, with the added assumption that the flux pumped in or out of the well is added or removed above the first well node.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Book 6: Modeling techniques, Section A. Ground-water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A15","collaboration":"Code and documentation for other water models are available at http://water.usgs.gov/software/ground_water.html .","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Hornberger, G., 2006, Use of the Multi-Node Well (MNW) package when simulating solute transport with the MODFLOW ground-water transport process (Version 1.9): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A15, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A15.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/mf2k_gwt/mf2k_gwt.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76580,"text":"sir20065010 - 2006 - Hydrology, water chemistry, and revised water budgets for Tracy Segment hydrographic area, Storey, Washoe, and Lyon Counties, west-central Nevada, 1998-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"sir20065010","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5010","title":"Hydrology, water chemistry, and revised water budgets for Tracy Segment hydrographic area, Storey, Washoe, and Lyon Counties, west-central Nevada, 1998-2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065010","usgsCitation":"Thodal, C.E., and Tumbusch, M.L., 2006, Hydrology, water chemistry, and revised water budgets for Tracy Segment hydrographic area, Storey, Washoe, and Lyon Counties, west-central Nevada, 1998-2002 (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5010, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065010.","productDescription":"66 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thodal, Carl E. 0000-0003-0782-3280 cethodal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-3280","contributorId":2292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"Carl","email":"cethodal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tumbusch, Mary L.","contributorId":37377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tumbusch","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76567,"text":"ofr20061100 - 2006 - Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Somerset County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:14","indexId":"ofr20061100","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1100","title":"Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Somerset County, Maine","docAbstract":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Maine Water Science Center as the deliverable for scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Somerset County, Maine, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency Agreement Number HSFE01-05-X-0018. This section of the report explains the objective of the task and the purpose of the report. \r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine State Planning Office Floodplain Management Program, began scoping work in 2005 for Somerset County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Somerset County (efforts were made to not duplicate those of pre-scoping completed in March 2005), documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) Database or its successor with information gathered during the scoping process. \r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA floodplain maps in Somerset County, Maine is 18.1 years. Most of these studies were in the late 1970's to the mid 1980s. However, in the ensuing 20-30 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed with time. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights. \r\n\r\nThe following is the scope of work as defined in the FEMA/USGS Statement of Work: \r\n\r\nTask 1: Collect data from a variety of sources including community surveys, other Federal and State Agencies, National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) State Coordinators, Community Assistance Visits (CAVs) and FEMA archives. Lists of mapping needs will be obtained from the MNUSS database, community surveys, and CAVs, if available. FEMA archives will be inventoried for effective FIRM panels, FIS reports, and other flood-hazard data or existing study data. Best available base map information, topographic data, flood-hazard data, and hydrologic and hydraulic data will be identified. Data from the Maine Floodplain Management Program database also will be utilized. \r\n\r\nTask 2: Contact communities in Somerset County to notify them that FEMA and the State have selected them for a map update, and that a project scope will be developed with their input. Topics to be reviewed with the communities include (1) Purpose of the Flood Map Project (for example, the update needs that have prompted the map update); (2) The community's mapping needs; (3) The community's available mapping, hydrologic, hydraulic, and flooding information; (4) target schedule for completing the project; and (5) The community's engineering, planning, and geographic information system (GIS) capabilities. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of the collected information from Task 1 and community contacts/meetings in Task 2, the USGS will develop a Draft Project Scope for the identified mapping needs of the communities in Somerset County. The following items will be addressed in the Draft Project Scope: review of available information, determine if and ho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061100","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Schalk, C.W., 2006, Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Somerset County, Maine (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1100, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061100.","productDescription":"131 p.","numberOfPages":"131","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7524,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69768c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76569,"text":"ofr20061098 - 2006 - Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Cumberland County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ofr20061098","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1098","title":"Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Cumberland County, Maine","docAbstract":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Maine Water Science Center as the deliverable for scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Cumberland County, Maine, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency Agreement Number HSFE01-05-X-0018. This section of the report explains the objective of the task and the purpose of the report. \r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine State Planning Office Floodplain Management Program, began scoping work in 2005 for Cumberland County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Cumberland County, documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) Database or its successor with information gathered during the scoping process.\r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA floodplain maps in Cumberland County, Maine is 21 years. Most of these studies were in the early to mid 1980s. However, in the ensuing 20-25 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed with time. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights. \r\n\r\nThe following is the scope of work as defined in the FEMA/USGS Statement of Work: \r\n\r\nTask 1: Collect data from a variety of sources including community surveys, other Federal and State Agencies, National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) State Coordinators, Community Assistance Visits (CAVs) and FEMA archives. Lists of mapping needs will be obtained from the MNUSS database, community surveys, and CAVs, if available. FEMA archives will be inventoried for effective FIRM panels, FIS reports, and other flood-hazard data or existing study data. Best available base map information, topographic data, flood-hazard data, and hydrologic and hydraulic data will be identified. Data from the Maine Floodplain Management Program database also will be utilized. \r\n\r\nTask 2: Contact communities in Cumberland County to notify them that FEMA and the State have selected them for a map update, and that a project scope will be developed with their input. Topics to be reviewed with the communities include (1) Purpose of the Flood Map Project (for example, the update needs that have prompted the map update); (2) The community's mapping needs; (3) The community's available mapping, hydrologic, hydraulic, and flooding information; (4) target schedule for completing the project; and (5) The community's engineering, planning, and geographic information system (GIS) capabilities. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of the collected information from Task 1 and community contacts/meetings in Task 2, the USGS will develop a Draft Project Scope for the identified mapping needs of the communities in Cumberland County. The following items will be addressed in the Draft Project Scope: review of available information, determine if and how effective FIS data can be used in new project, and identify other data needed to ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061098","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Schalk, C.W., 2006, Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Cumberland County, Maine (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1098, 267 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061098.","productDescription":"267 p.","numberOfPages":"267","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7194,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcdf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76568,"text":"ofr20061099 - 2006 - Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Kennebec County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ofr20061099","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1099","title":"Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Kennebec County, Maine","docAbstract":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Maine Water Science Center as the deliverable for scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Kennebec County, Maine, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency Agreement Number HSFE01-05-X-0018. This section of the report explains the objective of the task and the purpose of the report. \r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine State Planning Office Floodplain Management Program, began scoping work in 2005 for Kennebec County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Kennebec County (efforts were made to not duplicate those of pre-scoping completed in March 2005), documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) Database or its successor with information gathered during the scoping process. \r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA floodplain maps in Kennebec County, Maine is 16 years. Most of these studies were in the late 1970's to the mid 1980s. However, in the ensuing 20-30 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed with time. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights. \r\n\r\nThe following is the scope of work as defined in the FEMA/USGS Statement of Work:\r\n\r\nTask 1: Collect data from a variety of sources including community surveys, other Federal and State Agencies, National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) State Coordinators, Community Assistance Visits (CAVs) and FEMA archives. Lists of mapping needs will be obtained from the MNUSS database, community surveys, and CAVs, if available. FEMA archives will be inventoried for effective FIRM panels, FIS reports, and other flood-hazard data or existing study data. Best available base map information, topographic data, flood-hazard data, and hydrologic and hydraulic data will be identified. Data from the Maine Floodplain Management Program database also will be utilized. \r\n\r\nTask 2: Contact communities in Kennebec County to notify them that FEMA and the State have selected them for a map update, and that a project scope will be developed with their input. Topics to be reviewed with the communities include (1) Purpose of the Flood Map Project (for example, the update needs that have prompted the map update); (2) The community's mapping needs; (3) The community's available mapping, hydrologic, hydraulic, and flooding information; (4) target schedule for completing the project; and (5) The community's engineering, planning, and geographic information system (GIS) capabilities. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of the collected information from Task 1 and community contacts/meetings in Task 2, the USGS will develop a Draft Project Scope for the identified mapping needs of the communities in Kennebec County. The following items will be addressed in the Draft Project Scope: review of available information, determine if and how e","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061099","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Schalk, C.W., 2006, Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Kennebec County, Maine (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1099, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061099.","productDescription":"120 p.","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7193,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76552,"text":"sir20065064 - 2006 - Evaluation of the ground-water flow model for northern Utah Valley, Utah, updated to conditions through 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T10:27:22","indexId":"sir20065064","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5064","title":"Evaluation of the ground-water flow model for northern Utah Valley, Utah, updated to conditions through 2002","docAbstract":"This report evaluates the performance of a numerical model of the ground-water system in northern Utah Valley, Utah, that originally simulated ground-water conditions during 1947-1980 and was updated to include conditions estimated for 1981-2002. Estimates of annual recharge to the ground-water system and discharge from wells in the area were added to the original ground-water flow model of the area.
The files used in the original transient-state model of the ground-water flow system in northern Utah Valley were imported into MODFLOW-96, an updated version of MODFLOW. The main model input files modified as part of this effort were the well and recharge files. Discharge from pumping wells in northern Utah Valley was estimated on an annual basis for 1981-2002. Although the amount of average annual withdrawals from wells has not changed much since the previous study, there have been changes in the distribution of well discharge in the area. Discharge estimates for flowing wells during 1981-2002 were assumed to be the same as those used in the last stress period of the original model because of a lack of new data. Variations in annual recharge were assumed to be proportional to changes in total surface-water inflow to northern Utah Valley. Recharge specified in the model during the additional stress periods varied from 255,000 acre-feet in 1986 to 137,000 acre-feet in 1992.
The ability of the updated transient-state model to match hydrologic conditions determined for 1981-2002 was evaluated by comparing water-level changes measured in wells to those computed by the model. Water-level measurements made in February, March, or April were available for 39 wells in the modeled area during all or part of 1981-2003. In most cases, the magnitude and direction of annual water-level change from 1981 to 2002 simulated by the updated model reasonably matched the measured change. The greater-than-normal precipitation that occurred during 1982-84 resulted in period-of-record high water levels measured in many of the observation wells in March 1984. The model-computed water levels at the end of 1982-84 also are among the highest for the period. Both measured and computed water levels decreased during the period representing ground-water conditions from 1999 to 2002. Precipitation was less than normal during 1999-2002.
The ability of the model to adequately simulate climatic extremes such as the wetter-than-normal conditions of 1982-84 and the drier-than-normal conditions of 1999-2002 indicates that the annual variation of recharge to the ground-water system based on streamflow entering the valley, which in turn is primarily dependent upon precipitation, is appropriate but can be improved. The updated transient-state model of the ground-water system in northern Utah Valley can be improved by making revisions on the basis of currently available data and information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/sir20065064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District; Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District representing Draper City; Highland Water Company; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and the municipalities of Alpine, American Fork, Cedar Hills, Eagle Mountain, Highland, Lehi, Lindon, Orem, Pleasant Grove, Provo, Saratoga Springs, and Vineyard","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 2006, Evaluation of the ground-water flow model for northern Utah Valley, Utah, updated to conditions through 2002 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5064, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065064.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7256,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Northern Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 40.04023218690451\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 40.65563874006118\n ],\n [\n -111.4617919921875,\n 40.65563874006118\n ],\n [\n -111.4617919921875,\n 40.04023218690451\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 40.04023218690451\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76518,"text":"wdrUT051 - 2006 - Water resources data, Utah, water year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:50:23","indexId":"wdrUT051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"UT-05-1","title":"Water resources data, Utah, water year 2005","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2005 water year for Utah consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 165 gaging stations; stage and contents for 8 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 22 hydrologic stations, and 57 wells; water levels for 65 observation wells; and precipitation for 3 stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Utah.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wdrUT051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah and other cooperators and agencies","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, D., Tibbetts, J., Enright, M., Burden, C., Smith, C., and Angeroth, C., 2006, Water resources data, Utah, water year 2005 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report UT-05-1, xxxvi, 719 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrUT051.","productDescription":"xxxvi, 719 p.","numberOfPages":"735","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-ut-05/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0ae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":60215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbetts, J.R.","contributorId":63470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbetts","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enright, Michael","contributorId":99979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burden, C.B.","contributorId":63843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Cynthia","contributorId":93139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Angeroth, C.E.","contributorId":55084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeroth","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":76520,"text":"ds168 - 2006 - Water-Quality Data for the Lower Russian River Basin, Sonoma County, California, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ds168","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"168","title":"Water-Quality Data for the Lower Russian River Basin, Sonoma County, California, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sonoma County Water Agency, began a study to determine the chemical, microbiological, and isotopic composition of the surface water and ground water in selected areas of the Lower Russian River Basin, Sonoma County, California. This report is a compilation of the hydrologic and water-quality data collected from 10 Russian River sites, 1 gravel-terrace pit site, 12 ground-water sites, 11 tributary sites including Mark West Creek, and 2 estuary sites between the city of Healdsburg and the Pacific Ocean, for the period August 2003 to September 2004. \r\n\r\nField measurements made included streamflow, barometric pressure, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity. Water samples were analyzed for nutrients, major ions, total and dissolved organic carbon, trace elements, mercury, wastewater compounds, total coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Discharge measurements and sampling techniques were modified to accommodate the very low summer flows at most of the tributaries, and discharge measurements were made with an acoustic Doppler velocity meter at the estuary river site to overcome the complexities associated with tidal influences.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sonoma County Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., Davidek, K., and Koczot, K.M., 2006, Water-Quality Data for the Lower Russian River Basin, Sonoma County, California, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 168, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds168.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-08-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7242,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,37.5 ], [ -124,39.5 ], [ -122,39.5 ], [ -122,37.5 ], [ -124,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, Robert 0000-0002-2363-9072 randers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-9072","contributorId":1210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"randers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidek, Karl","contributorId":103372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidek","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76523,"text":"ds165 - 2006 - Concentration of selected herbicides, herbicide degradation products, and nutrients in the lower Mississippi River, Louisiana, April 1991 through December 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T11:32:35","indexId":"ds165","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"165","title":"Concentration of selected herbicides, herbicide degradation products, and nutrients in the lower Mississippi River, Louisiana, April 1991 through December 2003","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds165","usgsCitation":"Scribner, E.A., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Meyer, M.T., and Thurman, E., 2006, Concentration of selected herbicides, herbicide degradation products, and nutrients in the lower Mississippi River, Louisiana, April 1991 through December 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 165, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds165.","productDescription":"83 p.","numberOfPages":"83","temporalStart":"1991-04-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7245,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 29.017748018496047\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 30.56226095049944\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 30.789036751261136\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 31.109388560814963\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 31.522361470421437\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 33.08233672856376\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 33.00866349457558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a636c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Elisabeth A.","contributorId":80265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":76383,"text":"tm5B1 - 2006 - Chapter 1. Determination of elements in natural-water, biota, sediment, and soil samples using collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T11:59:40","indexId":"tm5B1","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B1","title":"Chapter 1. Determination of elements in natural-water, biota, sediment, and soil samples using collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Professor Wakita co-founded the Laboratory for Earthquake Chemistry in 1978 and served as its director from 1988 until his retirement from the university in 1997. He has made the laboratory a leading world center for studying earthquakes and volcanic activities by means of geochemical and hydrological methods. Together with his research team and a number of foreign guest researchers that he attracted, he has made many significant contributions in the above-mentioned scientific fields of interest. This achievement is a testimony to not only his scientific talent, but also his enthusiasm, his open mindedness, and his drive in obtaining both human and financial support.
Growth of the United States has been facilitated, in part, by hard-rock mining in the Rocky Mountains. Abandoned and inactive mines cause many significant environmental concerns in hundreds of watersheds. Those who have responsibility to address these environmental concerns must have a basic level of scientific information about mining and mine wastes in a watershed prior to initiating remediation activities. To demonstrate what information is needed and how to obtain that information, the U.S. Geological Survey implemented the Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) Initiative from 1997 to 2002 with demonstration studies in the Boulder River watershed in Montana and the Animas River watershed in Colorado. The AML Initiative included collection and analysis of geologic, hydrologic, geochemical, geophysical, and biological data. The synergy of this interdisciplinary analysis produced a perspective of the environmental concerns that could not have come from a single discipline. Two examples of these perspectives include (1) the combination of hydrological tracer techniques, structural geology, and geophysics help to understand the spatial distribution of loading to the streams in a way that cannot be evaluated by monitoring at a catchment outlet, and (2) the combination of toxicology and hydrology combine to illustrate that seasonal variability of toxicity conditions occurs. Lessons have been learned by listening to and collaborating with land-management agencies to understand their needs and by applying interdisciplinary methods to answer their questions.
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