One of the limitations of deformation measurements made with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is that an interferogram only measures one component of the surface deformation — in the satellite's line of sight. We investigate strategies for mapping surface deformation in three dimensions by using multiple interferograms, with different imaging geometries. Geometries for both current and future missions are evaluated, and their abilities to resolve the displacement vector are compared. The north component is always the most difficult to determine using data from near-polar orbiting satellites. However, a satellite with an inclination of about 60°/120° would enable all three components to be well resolved. We attempt to resolve the 3D displacements for the 23 October 2002 Nenana Mountain (Alaska) Earthquake. The north component's error is much larger than the signal, but proxies for eastward and vertical motion can be determined if the north component is assumed negligible. Inversions of hypothetical coseismic interferograms demonstrate that earthquake model parameters can be well recovered from two interferograms, acquired on ascending and descending tracks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018827","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.J., Parsons, B.E., and Lu, Z., 2004, Toward mapping surface deformation in three dimensions using InSAR: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 1, L01607: 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018827.","productDescription":"L01607: 5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b9e4b08c986b326867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Tim J.","contributorId":84959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, Barry E.","contributorId":36344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":412614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027166,"text":"70027166 - 2004 - The relationship between gorgonian coral (Cnidaria: Gorgonacea) diseases and African dust storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027166","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between gorgonian coral (Cnidaria: Gorgonacea) diseases and African dust storms","docAbstract":"The number of reports of coral diseases has increased throughout the world in the last 20 years. Aspergillosis, which primarily affects Gorgonia ventalina and G. flabellum, is one of the few diseases to be characterized. This disease is caused by Aspergillus sydowii, a terrestrial fungus with a worldwide distribution. Upon infection, colonies may lose tissue, and ultimately, mortality may occur if the infection is not sequestered. The spores of A. sydowii are <5 ??m, small enough to be easily picked up by winds and dispersed over great distances. Aspergillosis is prevalent in the Caribbean, and it appears that this primarily terrestrial fungus has adapted to a marine environment. It has been proposed that dust storms originating in Africa may be one way in which potential coral pathogens are distributed and deposited into the marine environments of the Caribbean. To test the hypothesis that African dust storms transport and deposit pathogens, we collected air samples from both dust storms and periods of nondust in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Because we focused on fungal pathogens and used A. sydowii as a model, we isolated and cultured fungi on various types of media. Fungi including Aspergillus spp. were isolated from air samples taken from dust events and non-dust events. Twenty-three separate cultures and seven genera were isolated from dust event samples whereas eight cultures from five genera were isolated from non-dust air samples. Three isolates from the Virgin Islands dust event samples morphologically identified as Aspergillus spp. produced signs of aspergillosis in seafans, and the original pathogens were re-isolated from those diseased seafans fulfilling Koch's Postulates. This research supports the hypothesis that African dust storms transport across the Atlantic Ocean and deposit potential coral pathogens in the Caribbean.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:AERO.0000032949.14023.3a","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Weir-Brush, J.R., Garrison, V., Smith, G., and Shinn, E., 2004, The relationship between gorgonian coral (Cnidaria: Gorgonacea) diseases and African dust storms: Aerobiologia, v. 20, no. 2, p. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000032949.14023.3a.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000032949.14023.3a"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf16e4b08c986b324538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weir-Brush, J. R.","contributorId":23734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir-Brush","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, G.W.","contributorId":6561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027165,"text":"70027165 - 2004 - Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T15:58:38.188055","indexId":"70027165","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake","docAbstract":"Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) increased dramatically in North America during the 1990s, providing the opportunity to study the effects of an increase of a top predator on an existing predator-prey system. In Oneida Lake, New York, USA, Double-crested Cormorants were first observed nesting in 1984 and had increased to over 360 nesting pairs by 2000. Concomitant with this increase in piscivorous birds was a decrease in the adult walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations. Analysis of a 40-yr data series shows higher mortality of subadults (age 1-2 yr perch and age 1-3 yr walleye) for both species in the 1990s compared to the previous three decades. Cormorant diet was investigated from 1995 to 2000 using a combination of cast pellets, regurgitants, and stomach analysis. Walleye and yellow perch were a major portion of the cormorant diet during these years (40-82% by number). The number of subadult walleye and yellow perch consumed by cormorants suggests that the increase in subadult mortality can be explained by predation from cormorants. Mean mortality rates of adult percids attributed to cormorant predation were 1.1% per year for walleye and 7.7% per year for yellow perch. Our analysis suggests that predation by cormorants on subadult percids is a major factor contributing to the decline in both the walleye and the yellow perch populations in Oneida Lake. Other ecosystem changes (zebra mussels, lower nutrient loading, decrease in alternate prey) are not likely explanations because the potential mechanisms involved are not consistent with auxiliary data from the lake and would not affect subadult mortality. The likely impact of bird predation on percid populations in Oneida Lake occurs because cormorants feed on larger fish that are beyond the size range where compensatory mechanisms are important.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5010","usgsCitation":"Rudstam, L.G., VanDeValk, A., Adams, C., Coleman, J., Forney, J., and Richmond, M.E., 2004, Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 1, p. 149-163, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5010.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.14898681640625,\n 43.23319741022136\n ],\n [\n -76.12701416015624,\n 43.2151850073567\n ],\n [\n -76.03363037109374,\n 43.167125915000284\n ],\n [\n -75.8770751953125,\n 43.13907396889933\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 43.153101551466385\n ],\n [\n -75.71502685546875,\n 43.19916951473751\n ],\n [\n -75.7232666015625,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -75.80841064453125,\n 43.2432020009995\n ],\n [\n -75.92926025390625,\n 43.257205668363206\n ],\n [\n -76.15447998046875,\n 43.257205668363206\n ],\n [\n -76.14898681640625,\n 43.23319741022136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc1ce4b0c8380cd4e10f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudstam, L. G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanDeValk, A.J.","contributorId":51071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeValk","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, C.M.","contributorId":36483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, J.T.H.","contributorId":86156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"J.T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forney, J.L.","contributorId":47133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richmond, M. E.","contributorId":22729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027098,"text":"70027098 - 2004 - Use of medium-range numerical weather prediction model output to produce forecasts of streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T15:27:56.250143","indexId":"70027098","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of medium-range numerical weather prediction model output to produce forecasts of streamflow","docAbstract":"This paper examines an archive containing over 40 years of 8-day atmospheric forecasts over the contiguous United States from the NCEP reanalysis project to assess the possibilities for using medium-range numerical weather prediction model output for predictions of streamflow. This analysis shows the biases in the NCEP forecasts to be quite extreme. In many regions, systematic precipitation biases exceed 100% of the mean, with temperature biases exceeding 3°C. In some locations, biases are even higher. The accuracy of NCEP precipitation and 2-m maximum temperature forecasts is computed by interpolating the NCEP model output for each forecast day to the location of each station in the NWS cooperative network and computing the correlation with station observations. Results show that the accuracy of the NCEP forecasts is rather low in many areas of the country. Most apparent is the generally low skill in precipitation forecasts (particularly in July) and low skill in temperature forecasts in the western United States, the eastern seaboard, and the southern tier of states. These results outline a clear need for additional processing of the NCEP Medium-Range Forecast Model (MRF) output before it is used for hydrologic predictions. Techniques of model output statistics (MOS) are used in this paper to downscale the NCEP forecasts to station locations. Forecasted atmospheric variables (e.g., total column precipitable water, 2-m air temperature) are used as predictors in a forward screening multiple linear regression model to improve forecasts of precipitation and temperature for stations in the National Weather Service cooperative network. This procedure effectively removes all systematic biases in the raw NCEP precipitation and temperature forecasts. MOS guidance also results in substantial improvements in the accuracy of maximum and minimum temperature forecasts throughout the country. For precipitation, forecast improvements were less impressive. MOS guidance increases he accuracy of precipitation forecasts over the northeastern United States, but overall, the accuracy of MOS-based precipitation forecasts is slightly lower than the raw NCEP forecasts. Four basins in the United States were chosen as case studies to evaluate the value of MRF output for predictions of streamflow. Streamflow forecasts using MRF output were generated for one rainfall-dominated basin (Alapaha River at Statenville, Georgia) and three snowmelt-dominated basins (Animas River at Durango, Colorado: East Fork of the Carson River near Gardnerville, Nevada: and Cle Elum River near Roslyn, Washington). Hydrologic model output forced with measured-station data were used as \"truth\" to focus attention on the hydrologic effects of errors in the MRF forecasts. Eight-day streamflow forecasts produced using the MOS-corrected MRF output as input (MOS) were compared with those produced using the climatic Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) technique. MOS-based streamflow forecasts showed increased skill in the snowmelt-dominated river basins, where daily variations in streamflow are strongly forced by temperature. In contrast, the skill of MOS forecasts in the rainfall-dominated basin (the Alapaha River) were equivalent to the skill of the ESP forecasts. Further improvements in streamflow forecasts require more accurate local-scale forecasts of precipitation and temperature, more accurate specification of basin initial conditions, and more accurate model simulations of streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"AMS Publications","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0015:UOMNWP>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., and Hay, L., 2004, Use of medium-range numerical weather prediction model output to produce forecasts of streamflow: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 15-32, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0015:UOMNWP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0015:uomnwp>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n 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-116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf3de4b08c986b329a3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027056,"text":"70027056 - 2004 - Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:33:36","indexId":"70027056","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge","docAbstract":"Dissolved helium and bromide tracers were used to evaluate trapped gas during an infiltration pond experiment. Dissolved helium preferentially partitioned into trapped gas bubbles, or other pore air, because of its low solubility in water. This produced observed helium retardation factors of as much as 12 relative to bromide. Numerical simulations of helium breakthrough with both equilibrium and kinetically limited advection/dispersion/retardation did not match observed helium concentrations. However, better fits were obtained by including a decay term representing the diffusive loss of helium through interconnected, gas-filled pores. Calculations indicate that 7% to more than 26% of the porosity beneath the pond was filled with gas. Measurements of laboratory hydraulic properties indicate that a 10% decrease in saturation would reduce the hydraulic conductivity by at least one order of magnitude in the well-sorted sandstone, but less in the overlying soils. This is consistent with in situ measurements during the experiment, which show steeper hydraulic gradients in sandstone than in soil. Intrinsic permeability of the soil doubled during the first six months of the experiment, likely caused by a combination of dissolution and thermal contraction of trapped gas. Managers of artificial recharge basins may consider minimizing the amount of trapped gas by using wet, rather than dry, tilling to optimize infiltration rates, particularly in well-sorted porous media in which reintroduced trapped gas may cause substantial reductions in permeability. Trapped gas may also inhibit the amount of focused infiltration that occurs naturally during ephemeral flood events along washes and playas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02627.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V., Solomon, D.K., Perkins, K., and Ellett, K., 2004, Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 4, p. 589-600, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02627.x.","startPage":"589","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02627.x"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14dfe4b0c8380cd54be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, K. S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":77557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellett, K. M.","contributorId":49439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellett","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027049,"text":"70027049 - 2004 - Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027049","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of trends in population size are critical to effective management of landbirds. We propose a standard for considering that landbird populations are adequately monitored: 80% power to detect a 50% decline occuning within 20 years, using a 2-tailed test and a significance level of 0.10, and incorporating effects of potential bias. Our standard also requires that at least two-thirds of the target region be covered by the monitoring program. We recommend that the standard be achieved for species' entire ranges or for any area one-third the size of the temperate portions of Canada and the United States, whichever is smaller. We applied our approach to North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. At present, potential annual bias for the BBS is estimated at ??0.008. Further, the BBS achieves the monitoring standard for only about 42% of landbirds for which the BBS is considered the most effective monitoring approach. Achieving the proposed monitoring target for ???80% of these species would require increasing the number of BBS - or similar survey - routes by several-fold, a goal that probably is impractical. We suggest several methods for reducing potential bias and argue that if our methods are implemented, potential bias would fall to ??0.003. The required number of BBS or similar routes would then be 5,106, about 40% more than in the current BBS program. Most of the needed increases are in 15 states or provinces. Developing a comprehensive land-bird monitoring program will require increased support for coordination of the BBS (currently 2 people) and new programs for species that are poorly covered at present. Our results provide a quantitative goal for long-term land-bird monitoring and identify the sample sizes needed, within each state and province, to achieve the monitoring goal for most of the roughly 300 landbird species that are well suited to monitoring with the BBS and similar surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Burnham, K., Dunn, E.H., Francis, C., and John, R.C., 2004, Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 3, p. 611-626, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"611","endPage":"626","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209221,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2972e4b0c8380cd5a96c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunn, Erica H.","contributorId":35841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"John, Ralph C.","contributorId":26492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027033,"text":"70027033 - 2004 - Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027033","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000)","docAbstract":"The ratio of snow to total precipitation (S/P) is a hydrologic indicator that is sensitive to climate variability and can be used to detect and monitor hydrologic responses to climatic change. Changes in S/P ratio over time could influence the magnitude and timing of spring runoff and recession to summer baseflow. The S/P ratio for 21 U.S. Historical Climatology Network sites in New England was examined. Eleven out of twenty-one sites in New England had significant decreasing annual S/P ratios from 1949 to 2000. Annual trends in S/P are predominantly a result of decreasing snowfall, and to a lesser extent, increasing rainfall. The most consistent trends were in northernmost New England where all four sites had decreasing ratios, and in the coastal and near-coastal areas where five out of eight sites had significantly decreasing ratios. The four sites in northernmost New England, which had the strongest and most coherent trends, showed an average decrease in annual S/P ratio from about 0.30 in 1949 to 0.23 in 2000. Trends in winter S/P ratio were less geographically consistent. Seven out of 21 sites had significantly decreasing winter S/P ratios. Most northern New England and coastal to near-coastal sites had statistically significant trends (p < 0.05) or weak, but not significant trends (p < 0.2). When trends in S/P were analyzed on a monthly basis for the northernmost sites, it was evident that decreasing S/P trends were significant for March and December only. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios in northern New England and the timing of spring runoff, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the Pacific-North American (PNA) index. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios averaged for all of New England and the NAO and PNA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T., Hodgkins, G., Keim, B., and Dudley, R.W., 2004, Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000): Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 13, p. 2626-2636, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"2626","endPage":"2636","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478138,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:citpop>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f434e4b0c8380cd4bbda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keim, B.D.","contributorId":72988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026983,"text":"70026983 - 2004 - Nutrient reserves of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) during spring migration in the Mississippi Flyway: A test of the spring condition hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:57:40","indexId":"70026983","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient reserves of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) during spring migration in the Mississippi Flyway: A test of the spring condition hypothesis","docAbstract":"The continental scaup population (Lesser [Aythya affinis] and Greater [A. marila] combined) has declined markedly since 1978. One hypothesis for the population decline states that reproductive success has decreased because female scaup are arriving on breeding areas in poorer body condition than they did historically (i.e. spring condition hypothesis). We tested one aspect of that hypothesis by comparing body mass and nutrient reserves (lipid, protein, and mineral) of Lesser Scaup at four locations (Louisiana, Illinois, Minnesota, and Manitoba) between the 1980s and 2000s. We found that mean body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of females were 80.0, 52.5, and 3.0 g higher, respectively, in the 2000s than in the 1980s in Louisiana; similarly, body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of males were 108.8, 72.5, and 2.5 g higher, respectively. In Illinois, mean body mass and lipid reserves of females were 88.6 and 56.5 g higher, respectively, in the 2000s than in the 1980s; similarly, body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of males were 80.6, 76.0, and 2.7 g higher, respectively. Mean body mass of females were 58.5 and 58.9 g lower in the 2000s than in the 1980s in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively; mean body mass of males, similarly, were 40.7 g lower in Minnesota. Mean lipid reserves of females in the 2000s were 28.8 and 27.8 g lower than those in the 1980s in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively. Mean mineral reserves of females in the 2000s were 3.2 g lower than those in the 1980s in Manitoba. Consequently, females arriving to breed in Manitoba in the 2000s had accumulated lipid reserves for 4.1 fewer eggs and mineral reserves for 0.8 fewer eggs than those arriving to breed there in the 1980s. Accordingly, our results are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis and suggest that female body condition has declined, as reflected by decreases in body mass, lipids, and mineral reserves that could cause reductions in reproductive success and ultimately a population decline.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0917:NROLSA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., and Afton, A., 2004, Nutrient reserves of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) during spring migration in the Mississippi Flyway: A test of the spring condition hypothesis: The Auk, v. 121, no. 3, p. 917-929, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0917:NROLSA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"917","endPage":"929","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0917:nrolsa]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6994e4b0c8380cd73dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026946,"text":"70026946 - 2004 - Fine-scale structure of the San Andreas fault zone and location of the SAFOD target earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T15:42:40.236072","indexId":"70026946","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale structure of the San Andreas fault zone and location of the SAFOD target earthquakes","docAbstract":"We present results from the tomographic analysis of seismic data from the Parkfield area using three different inversion codes. The models provide a consistent view of the complex velocity structure in the vicinity of the San Andreas, including a sharp velocity contrast across the fault. We use the inversion results to assess our confidence in the absolute location accuracy of a potential target earthquake. We derive two types of accuracy estimates, one based on a consideration of the location differences from the three inversion methods, and the other based on the absolute location accuracy of “virtual earthquakes.” Location differences are on the order of 100–200 m horizontally and up to 500 m vertically. Bounds on the absolute location errors based on the “virtual earthquake” relocations are ∼50 m horizontally and vertically. The average of our locations places the target event epicenter within about 100 m of the SAF surface trace.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL019398","usgsCitation":"Thurber, C., Roecker, S., Zhang, H., Baher, S., and Ellsworth, W., 2004, Fine-scale structure of the San Andreas fault zone and location of the SAFOD target earthquakes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 12, L12S02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019398.","productDescription":"L12S02, 4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl019398","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.6353759765625,\n 35.337533782800946\n ],\n [\n -119.38568115234374,\n 35.337533782800946\n ],\n [\n -119.38568115234374,\n 36.26531407324164\n ],\n [\n -120.6353759765625,\n 36.26531407324164\n ],\n [\n -120.6353759765625,\n 35.337533782800946\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1028e4b0c8380cd53b5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurber, C.","contributorId":107046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roecker, S.","contributorId":10173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roecker","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baher, S.","contributorId":36710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baher","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.","contributorId":59967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026943,"text":"70026943 - 2004 - Preservation of water samples for arsenic(III/V) determinations: An evaluation of the literature and new analytical results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T17:21:24","indexId":"70026943","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preservation of water samples for arsenic(III/V) determinations: An evaluation of the literature and new analytical results","docAbstract":"Published literature on preservation procedures for stabilizing aqueous inorganic As(III/V) redox species contains discrepancies. This study critically evaluates published reports on As redox preservation and explains discrepancies in the literature. Synthetic laboratory preservation experiments and time stability experiments were conducted for natural water samples from several field sites. Any field collection procedure that filters out microorganisms, adds a reagent that prevents dissolved Fe and Mn oxidation and precipitation, and isolates the sample from solar radiation will preserve the As(III/V) ratio. Reagents that prevent Fe and Mn oxidation and precipitation include HCl, H 2SO4, and EDTA, although extremely high concentrations of EDTA are necessary for some water samples high in Fe. Photo-catalyzed Fe(III) reduction causes As(III) oxidation; however, storing the sample in the dark prevents photochemical reactions. Furthermore, the presence of Fe(II) or SO 4 inhibits the oxidation of As(III) by Fe(III) because of complexation reactions and competing reactions with free radicals. Consequently, fast abiotic As(III) oxidation reactions observed in the laboratory are not observed in natural water samples for one or more of the following reasons: (1) the As redox species have already stabilized, (2) most natural waters contain very low dissolved Fe(III) concentrations, (3) the As(III) oxidation caused by Fe(III) photoreduction is inhibited by Fe(II) or SO4.","language":"English","publisher":"Elseiver","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Maest, A., 2004, Preservation of water samples for arsenic(III/V) determinations: An evaluation of the literature and new analytical results: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 7, p. 995-1009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1009","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.003"}],"volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b52e4b0c8380cd7e1fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maest, A.S.","contributorId":86364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maest","given":"A.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026923,"text":"70026923 - 2004 - Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70026923","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods","docAbstract":"Two novel methods of in situ isotope analysis, ion microprobe and microdigestion, were used for 230Th/U and 234U/238U dating of finely laminated opal hemispheres formed in unsaturated felsic tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, proposed site for a high-level radioactive waste repository. Both methods allow analysis of layers as many as several orders of magnitude thinner than standard methods using total hemisphere digestion that were reported previously. Average growth rates calculated from data at this improved spatial resolution verified that opal grew at extremely slow rates over the last million years. Growth rates of 0.58 and 0.69 mm/m.y. were obtained for the outer 305 and 740 ??m of two opal hemispheres analyzed by ion microprobe, and 0.68 mm/m.y. for the outer 22 ??m of one of these same hemispheres analyzed by sequential microdigestion. These Pleistocene growth rates are 2 to 10 times slower than those calculated for older secondary calcite and silica mineral coatings deposited over the last 5 to 10 m.y. dated by the U-Pb method and may reflect differences between Miocene and Pleistocene seepage flux. The microdigestion data also imply that opal growth rates may have varied over the last 40 k.y. These data are the first indication that growth rates and associated seepage in the proposed repository horizon may correlate with changes in late Pleistocene climate, involving faster growth during wetter, cooler climates (glacial maximum), slower growth during transition climates, and no growth during the most arid climate (modern). Data collected at this refined spatial scale may lead to a better understanding of the hydrologic variability expected within the thick unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain over the time scale of interest for radioactive waste isolation. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Paces, J., Neymark, L., Wooden, J.L., and Persing, H., 2004, Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 7, p. 1591-1606, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022.","startPage":"1591","endPage":"1606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3965e4b0c8380cd618e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Persing, H.M.","contributorId":108275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persing","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026868,"text":"70026868 - 2004 - Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026868","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"A regional terrane map of the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement was constructed using seismic, drilling, gravity and magnetic data. The Brompton-Cameron and Central Maine terranes were coalesced as one volcanic island arc terrane before obducting onto Laurentian, Grenville age, continental crust in the Taconian orogeny [Rankin, D.W., 1994. Continental margin of the eastern United States: past and present. In: Speed, R.C., (Ed.), Phanerozoic Evolution of North American Continent-Ocean Transitions. DNAG Continent-Ocean Transect Volume. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 129-218]. Volcanic island-arc rocks of the Avalon terrane are in contact with Central Maine terrane rocks in southern Connecticut where the latter are overthrust onto the Brompton-Cameron terrane, which is thrust over Laurentian basement. Similarities of these allochthonous island arc terranes (Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, Avalon) in lithology, fauna and age suggest that they are faulted segments of the margin of one major late Precambrian to early Paleozoic, high latitude peri-Gondwana island arc designated as \"Avalonia\", which collided with Laurentia in the early to middle Paleozoic. The Brompton Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes are projected as the basement under the eastern New Jersey Coastal Plain based on drill core samples of metamorphic rocks of active margin/magmatic arc origin. A seismic reflection profile across the New York Bight traces the gentle dipping (approximately 20 degrees) Cameron's Line Taconian suture southeast beneath allochthonous Avalon and other terranes to a 4 sec TWTT depth (approximately 9 km) where the Avalonian rocks are over Laurentian crust. Gentle up-plunge (approximately 5 degrees) projections to the southwest bring the Laurentian Grenville age basement and the drift-stage early Paleozoic cover rocks to windows in Burlington Co. at approximately 1 km depth and Cape May Co. at approximately 2 km depths. The antiformal Shellburne Falls and Chester domes and Chain Lakes-Pelham dome-Bronson Hill structural trends, and the synformal Connecticut Valley-Gaspe structural trend can be traced southwest into the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement. A Mesozoic rift basin, the \"Sandy Hook basin\", and associated eastern boundary fault is identified, based upon gravity modeling, in the vicinity of Sandy Hook, New Jersey. The thickness of the rift-basin sedimentary rocks contained within the \"Sandy Hook basin\" is approximately 4.7 km, with the basin extending offshore to the east of the New Jersey coast. Gravity modeling indicates a deep rift basin and the magnetic data indicates a shallow magnetic basement caused by magnetic diabase sills and/or basalt flows contained within the rift-basin sedimentary rocks. The igneous sills and/or flows may be the eastward continuation of the Watchung and Palisades bodies. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Maguire, T., Sheridan, R.E., and Volkert, R., 2004, Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 37, no. 3-5, p. 457-485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016.","startPage":"457","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016"},{"id":235467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2863e4b0c8380cd5a0a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maguire, T.J.","contributorId":82512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026866,"text":"70026866 - 2004 - Geologic history of natural coal-bed fires, Powder River basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026866","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of natural coal-bed fires, Powder River basin, USA","docAbstract":"Coal-bed fires ignited by natural processes have baked and fused overlying sediments to form clinker, a hard red or varicolored rock, through much of the northern Great Plains of the United States (USA). The gently dipping coal beds in the region burn when regional downwasting brings them above the local water table. The resulting clinker forms a rim along the exposed edge of the coal bed in an ongoing process through geologic time. The resistant clinker is left capping buttes and ridges after the softer unbaked strata erode away. Clinker outcrops cover more than 4100 km2 in the Powder River basin (PRB), which lies in Wyoming (WY) and Montana (MT). The clinker in place records tens of billions of tons of coal that have burned, releasing gases into the atmosphere. The amount of clinker that has eroded away was at least an order of magnitude greater than the clinker that remains in place. Fission-track and uranium-thorium/ helium ages of detrital zircon crystals in clinker, and paleomagnetic ages of clinker, show that coal beds have burned naturally during at least the past 4 million years (Ma). The oldest in-place clinker that has been dated, collected from a high, isolated, clinker-capped ridge, has a fission track age of 2.8??0.6 Ma. Evidence of erosion and downcutting is also preserved by clinker clasts in gravel terraces. One clinker boulder in a terrace 360 m above the Yellowstone River has a fission track age of 4.0??0.7 Ma. Coal-bed fires are caused by lightning, wildfires, spontaneous combustion, or human activity on coal outcrops and in mines. Miners, government agencies, and ranchers have extinguished thousands of coal bed fires, but natural ignition continues where fresh coal has access to air. At any given time, hundreds of fires, mostly small, are burning. In the Powder River basin, the total amount of coal burned by natural fires in the last 2 Ma is one to two orders of magnitude greater than the total amount of coal removed by mining in the past century. However, current annual rates of coal mining are three to four orders of magnitude greater than estimated prehistoric annual rates of coal consumption by natural fires. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Heffern, E., and Coates, D.A., 2004, Geologic history of natural coal-bed fires, Powder River basin, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 25-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.002.","startPage":"25","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209187,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.002"},{"id":235430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a197ce4b0c8380cd559e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heffern, E.L.","contributorId":76400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heffern","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, D. A.","contributorId":63096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"D.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026861,"text":"70026861 - 2004 - Multi-stage origin of the Coast Range ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T16:41:39.681989","indexId":"70026861","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-stage origin of the Coast Range ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites","docAbstract":"The Coast Range ophiolite of California is one of the most extensive ophiolite terranes in North America, extending over 700 km from the northernmost Sacramento Valley to the southern Transverse Ranges in central California. This ophiolite, and other ophiolite remnants with similar mid-Jurassic ages, represent a major but short-lived episode of oceanic crust formation that affected much of western North America. The history of this ophiolite is important for models of the tectonic evolution of western North America during the Mesozoic, and a range of conflicting interpretations have arisen. Current petrologic, geochemical, stratigraphic, and radiometric age data all favor the interpretation that the Coast Range ophiolite formed to a large extent by rapid extension in the forearc region of a nascent subduction zone. Closer inspection of these data, however, along with detailed studies of field relationships at several locales, show that formation of the ophiolite was more complex, and requires several stages of formation. Our work shows that exposures of the Coast Range ophiolite preserve evidence for four stages of magmatic development. The first three stages represent formation of the ophiolite above a nascent subduction zone. Rocks associated with the first stage include ophiolite layered gabbros, a sheeted complex, and volcanic rocks vith arc tholeiitic or (roore rarely) low-K calc-alkaline affinities. The second stage is characterized by intrusive wehrlite-clinopyroxenite complexes, intrusive gabbros, Cr-rich diorites, and volcanic rocks with high-Ca boninitic or tholeiitic ankaramite affinities. The third stage includes diorite and quartz diorite plutons, felsic dike and sill complexes, and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. The first three stages of ophiolite formation were terminated by the intrusion of mid-ocean ridge basalt dikes, and the eruption of mid-ocean ridge basalt or ocean-island basalt volcanic suites. We interpret this final magmatic event (MORB dikes) to represent the collision of an active spreading ridge. Subsequent reorganization of relative plate motions led to sinistral transpression, along with renewed subduction and accretion of the Franciscan Complex. The latter event resulted in uplift and exhumation of the ophiolite by the process of accretionary uplift.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.46.4.289","usgsCitation":"Shervais, J., Kimbrough, D., Renne, P., Hanan, B., Murchey, B., Snow, C., Zoglman, S., and Beaman, J., 2004, Multi-stage origin of the Coast Range ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites: International Geology Review, v. 46, no. 4, p. 289-315, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.46.4.289.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"315","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley, Transverse Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -120.76171875,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc9e4b0c8380cd71133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shervais, J.W.","contributorId":14867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shervais","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimbrough, D.L.","contributorId":25332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renne, P.","contributorId":48744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renne","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanan, B.B.","contributorId":33475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanan","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murchey, B.","contributorId":11772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snow, C.A.","contributorId":37130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zoglman, Schuman","contributorId":14174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoglman","given":"Schuman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beaman, J.","contributorId":12666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026837,"text":"70026837 - 2004 - An alternative approach to detection of length-related biases in standard weight equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026837","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An alternative approach to detection of length-related biases in standard weight equations","docAbstract":"We propose a new method for assessing length-related biases in standard weight (Ws) equations computed by the regression-line-percentile method. We evaluated the performance of the new method relative to two previous methods for assessing length-related biases using 15 data sets from which W s equations have been computed. The new method detected potentially serious length-related biases in 10 Ws equations, whereas one of the previously used methods failed to detect any biologically significant biases and the other method detected biases in only one equation. The new method can detect curvilinear relationships between Ws and length, so it provides insight that is not available from previous methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-035.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Gerow, K., Hubert, W., and Anderson-Sprecher, R.C., 2004, An alternative approach to detection of length-related biases in standard weight equations: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 3, p. 903-910, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-035.1.","startPage":"903","endPage":"910","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209255,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-035.1"},{"id":235535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9ebe4b0c8380cd4851e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerow, K.G.","contributorId":17003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerow","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson-Sprecher, R. C.","contributorId":18553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson-Sprecher","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026834,"text":"70026834 - 2004 - Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026834","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","docAbstract":"In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) collected refraction and low-fold reflection data along a 150-km-long corridor extending from the Santa Monica Mountains northward to the Sierra Nevada. This profile was part of the second phase of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE II). Chief imaging targets included sedimentary basins beneath the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys and the deep structure of major faults along the transect, including causative faults for the 1971 M 6.7 San Fernando and 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquakes, the San Gabriel Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. Tomographic modeling of first arrivals using the methods of Hole (1992) and Lutter et al. (1999) produces velocity models that are similar to each other and are well resolved to depths of 5-7.5 km. These models, together with oil-test well data and independent forward modeling of LARSE II refraction data, suggest that regions of relatively low velocity and high velocity gradient in the San Fernando Valley and the northern Santa Clarita Valley (north of the San Gabriel Fault) correspond to Cenozoic sedimentary basin fill and reach maximum depths along the profile of ???4.3 km and >3 km , respectively. The Antelope Valley, within the western Mojave Desert, is also underlain by low-velocity, high-gradient sedimentary fill to an interpreted maximum depth of ???2.4 km. Below depths of ???2 km, velocities of basement rocks in the Santa Monica Mountains and the central Transverse Ranges vary between 5.5 and 6.0 km/sec, but in the Mojave Desert, basement rocks vary in velocity between 5.25 and 6.25 km/sec. The San Andreas Fault separates differing velocity structures of the central Transverse Ranges and Mojave Desert. A weak low-velocity zone is centered approximately on the north-dipping aftershock zone of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and possibly along the deep projection of the San Gabriel Fault. Modeling of gravity data, using densities inferred from the velocity model, indicates that different velocity-density relationships hold for both sedimentary and basement rocks as one crosses the San Andreas Fault. The LARSE II velocity model can now be used to improve the SCEC Community Velocity Model, which is used to calculate seismic amplitudes for large scenario earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030058","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lutter, W.J., Fuis, G., Ryberg, T., Okaya, D.A., Clayton, R., Davis, P., Prodehl, C., Murphy, J., Langenheim, V., Benthien, M., Godfrey, N.J., Christensen, N., Thygesen, K., Thurber, C., Simila, G., and Keller, G.R., 2004, Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 619-632, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030058.","startPage":"619","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478165,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121001-131459133","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030058"},{"id":235501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd53e4b08c986b328f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clayton, R.W.","contributorId":63413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Benthien, M.L.","contributorId":20780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthien","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Godfrey, N. J.","contributorId":12866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thygesen, K.","contributorId":56840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thygesen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Simila, G.","contributorId":18151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simila","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70026745,"text":"70026745 - 2004 - The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026745","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Storms are one of the most important controls on the cycle of erosion and accretion on beaches. Current meters placed in shoreface locations of Saco Bay and Wells Embayment, ME, recorded bottom currents during the winter months of 2000 and 2001, while teams of volunteers profiled the topography of nearby beaches. Coupling offshore meteorological and beach profile data made it possible to determine the response of nine beaches in southern Maine to various oceanographic and meteorological conditions. The beaches selected for profiling ranged from pristine to completely developed and permitted further examination of the role of seawalls on the response of beaches to storms. Current meters documented three unique types of storms: frontal passages, southwest storms, and northeast storms. In general, the current meter results indicate that frontal passages and southwest storms were responsible for bringing sediment towards the shore, while northeast storms resulted in a net movement of sediment away from the beach. During the 1999-2000 winter, there were a greater percentage of frontal passages and southwest storms, while during the 2000-2001 winter, there were more northeast storms. The sediment that was transported landward during the 1999-2000 winter was reworked into the berm along moderately and highly developed beaches during the next summer. A northeast storm on March 5-6, 2001, resulted in currents in excess of 1 m s-1 and wave heights that reached six meters. The storm persisted over 10 high tides and caused coastal flooding and property damage. Topographic profiles made before and after the storm demonstrate that developed beaches experienced a loss of sediment volume during the storm, while sediment was redistributed along the profile on moderately developed and undeveloped beaches. Two months after the storm, the profiles along the developed beaches had not reached their pre-storm elevation. In comparison, the moderately developed and undeveloped beaches reached and exceeded their pre-storm elevation and began to show berm buildup characteristic of the summer months. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hill, H., Kelley, J.T., Belknap, D.F., and Dickson, S., 2004, The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA: Marine Geology, v. 210, no. 1-4, p. 149-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008.","startPage":"149","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008"},{"id":233958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab9fe4b08c986b322f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, H.W.","contributorId":62379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickson, S.M.","contributorId":74905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026739,"text":"70026739 - 2004 - Age structure and mortality of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs: Use of mortality caps to establish realistic management objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026739","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age structure and mortality of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs: Use of mortality caps to establish realistic management objectives","docAbstract":"Age structure, total annual mortality, and mortality caps (maximum mortality thresholds established by managers) were investigated for walleye Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) populations sampled from eight Kansas reservoirs during 1991-1999. We assessed age structure by examining the relative frequency of different ages in the population; total annual mortality of age-2 and older walleyes was estimated by use of a weighted catch curve. To evaluate the utility of mortality caps, we modeled threshold values of mortality by varying growth rates and management objectives. Estimated mortality thresholds were then compared with observed growth and mortality rates. The maximum age of walleyes varied from 5 to 11 years across reservoirs. Age structure was dominated (???72%) by walleyes age 3 and younger in all reservoirs, corresponding to ages that were not yet vulnerable to harvest. Total annual mortality rates varied from 40.7% to 59.5% across reservoirs and averaged 51.1% overall (SE = 2.3). Analysis of mortality caps indicated that a management objective of 500 mm for the mean length of walleyes harvested by anglers was realistic for all reservoirs with a 457-mm minimum length limit but not for those with a 381-mm minimum length limit. For a 500-mm mean length objective to be realized for reservoirs with a 381-mm length limit, managers must either reduce mortality rates (e.g., through restrictive harvest regulations) or increase growth of walleyes. When the assumed objective was to maintain the mean length of harvested walleyes at current levels, the observed annual mortality rates were below the mortality cap for all reservoirs except one. Mortality caps also provided insight on management objectives expressed in terms of proportional stock density (PSD). Results indicated that a PSD objective of 20-40 was realistic for most reservoirs. This study provides important walleye mortality information that can be used for monitoring or for inclusion into population models; these results can also be combined with those of other studies to investigate large-scale differences in walleye mortality. Our analysis illustrates the utility of mortality caps for monitoring walleye populations and for establishing realistic management goals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-193.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., Stephen, J., Guy, C., and Schultz, R., 2004, Age structure and mortality of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs: Use of mortality caps to establish realistic management objectives: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 3, p. 990-1002, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-193.1.","startPage":"990","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-193.1"},{"id":233956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f4e4b0c8380cd47fde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephen, J.L.","contributorId":84126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultz, R.D.","contributorId":66889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026691,"text":"70026691 - 2004 - Terrestrial microorganisms at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026691","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial microorganisms at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere","docAbstract":"A joint effort between the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Global Desert Dust and NASA's Stratospheric and Cosmic Dust Programs identified culturable microbes from an air sample collected at an altitude of 20,000 m. A total of 4 fungal (Penicillium sp.) and 71 bacteria colonyforming units (70 colonies of Bacillus luciferensis believed to have originated from a single cell collected at altitude and one colony of Bacillus sphaericus) were enumerated, isolated and identified using a morphological key and 16S rDNA sequencing respectively. All of the isolates identified were sporeforming pigmented fungi or bacteria of terrestrial origin and demonstrate that the presence of viable microorganisms in Earth's upper atmosphere may not be uncommon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:AERO.0000032948.84077.12","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D., 2004, Terrestrial microorganisms at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: Aerobiologia, v. 20, no. 2, p. 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000032948.84077.12.","startPage":"135","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000032948.84077.12"},{"id":234182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba55fe4b08c986b3209dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026682,"text":"70026682 - 2004 - Nutrient mass balance and trends, Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T16:05:35.330058","indexId":"70026682","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient mass balance and trends, Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi","docAbstract":"A nutrient mass balance - accounting for nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, crop nitrogen fixation, and point source effluents; and nutrient outputs, including crop harvest and storage - was calculated for 18 subbasins in the Mobile River Basin, and trends (1970 to 1997) were evaluated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Agricultural nonpoint nitrogen and phosphorus sources and urban nonpoint nitrogen sources are the most important factors associated with nutrients in this system. More than 30 percent of nitrogen yield in two basins and phosphorus yield in eight basins can be attributed to urban point source nutrient inputs. The total nitrogen yield (1.3 tons per square mile per year) for the Tombigbee River, which drains a greater percentage of agricultural (row crop) land use, was larger than the total nitrogen yield (0.99 tons per square mile per year) for the Alabama River. Decreasing trends of total nitrogen concentrations in the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers indicate that a reduction occurred from 1975 to 1997 in the nitrogen contributions to Mobile Bay from the Mobile River. Nitrogen concentrations also decreased (1980 to 1995) in the Black Warrior River, one of the major tributaries to the Tombigbee River. Total phosphorus concentrations increased from 1970 to 1996 at three urban influenced sites on the Etowah River in Georgia. Multiple regression analysis indicates a distinct association between water quality in the streams of the Mobile River drainage basin and agricultural activities in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb04458.x","usgsCitation":"Harned, D., Atkins, J., and Harvill, J., 2004, Nutrient mass balance and trends, Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 3, p. 765-793, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb04458.x.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"793","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mobile River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 33.797408767572485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a698be4b0c8380cd73dab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harned, D.A.","contributorId":20331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkins, J.B.","contributorId":63842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvill, J.S.","contributorId":30408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvill","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026653,"text":"70026653 - 2004 - Evaluation of multidimensional transport through a field-scale compacted soil liner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T15:28:28.748357","indexId":"70026653","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of multidimensional transport through a field-scale compacted soil liner","docAbstract":"A field-scale compacted soil liner was constructed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Illinois State Geological Survey in 1988 to investigate chemical transport rates through low permeability compacted clay liners (CCLs). Four tracers (bromide and three benzoic acid tracers) were each added to one of four large ring infiltrometers (LRIs) while tritium was added to the pond water (excluding the infiltrometers). Results from the long-term transport of
In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated NO3− uptake and denitrification in Green Creek by analyzing small‐scale microbial mat dynamics in mesocosms and reach‐scale nutrient cycling in two whole‐stream NO3− enrichment experiments. Nitrate uptake results indicated that microbial mats were nitrogen (N)‐limited, with NO3− uptake rates as high as 16 nmol N cm−2 h−1. Denitrification potentials associated with microbial mats were also as high as 16 nmol N cm−2 h−1. During two whole‐stream NO3−−enrichment experiments, a simultaneous pulse of NO2− was observed in the stream water. The one‐dimensional solute transport model with inflow and storage was modified to simulate two storage zones: one to account for short time scale hydrologic exchange of stream water into and out of the benthic microbial mat, the other to account for longer time scale hydrologic exchange with the hyporheic zone. Simulations indicate that injected NO3− was removed both in the microbial mat and in the hyporheic zone and that as much as 20% of the NO3− that entered the microbial mat and hyporheic zone was transformed to NO2− by dissimilatory reduction. Because of the rapid hydrologic exchange in microbial mats, it is likely that denitrification is limited either by biotic assimilation, reductase limitation, or transport limitation (reduced NO2− is transported away from reducing microbes).