In 1996, a field-scale phytoremediation demonstration project was initiated and managed by the U.S. Air Force at a site in western Fort Worth, Texas, using a plantation of 1-year-old stems harvested from branches of eastern cottonwoods during the dormant season (whips) and a plantation of 1-year-old eastern cottonwood seedlings (calipers). The primary objective of the demonstration project was to determine the effectiveness of eastern cottonwoods at reducing the mass of dissolved trichloroethene transported within an alluvial aquifer. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, to determine water-level variations and their effects on tree growth and mortality and on the biogeochemical system at the phytoremediation site. As part of the study, water-level and water-quality data were collected throughout the duration of the project.
This report presents water-level variations at periodic sampling events; data from August 1996 to January 2003 are presented in this report. Water levels are affected by aquifer properties, precipitation, drawdown attributable to the trees in the study area, and irrigation. This report also evaluates the effects of ground-water depth on tree growth and mortality rates and on the biogeochemical system including subsurface oxidation-reduction processes.
Overall, both whips and calipers showed a substantial increase in height, canopy diameter, and trunk diameter over the first 3 years of the study. By the fifth growing season (September 2000), the height of the calipers varied predictably with height decreasing with increasing depth to ground water. Percent mortality was relatively constant at about 25 percent in the whip plantation in January 2003 where ground-water levels were less than 10 feet below land surface during the drought in September 2000. The mortality rate increased where the ground-water levels were greater than 10 feet below land surface and approached 90 percent where ground-water levels were between 12 and 13 feet.
A decrease in molar ratio of trichloroethene to cis-dichloroethene was measured in ground water within and downgradient from the planted area over time. Decreases in these ratios appeared to be related to ground-water depth. The molar ratios of trichloroethene to cis-dichloroethene during the third growing season were relatively constant, between 3.0 and 4.0, in samples collected from wells across the site. By the end of the fifth growing season the lowest ratio was measured in areas where ground-water depth was less than 10 feet below land surface; these same areas had the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations (0.93 to 1.7 milligrams per liter) and the highest dissolved organic carbon concentrations (1.6 to 1.8 milligrams per liter). This indicates that between the third and fifth growing seasons, a labile fraction of dissolved organic carbon had been introduced into the aquifer by the planted trees that was capable of stimulating reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045107","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., Eberts, S., Jones, S.A., and Harvey, G.J., 2004, Water-level variations and their effects on tree growth and mortality and on the biogeochemical system at the phytoremediation demonstration site in Fort Worth, Texas, 1996-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5107, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045107.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6277,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":338771,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5107/pdf/sir2004-5107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.46,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -97.4,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -97.4,\n 32.79\n ],\n [\n -97.46,\n 32.79\n ],\n [\n -97.46,\n 32.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Gregory J.","contributorId":48640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69921,"text":"sir20045111 - 2004 - Evaluation of pier-scour equations for coarse-bed streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:23","indexId":"sir20045111","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5111","title":"Evaluation of pier-scour equations for coarse-bed streams","docAbstract":"Streambed scour at bridge piers is among the leading causes of bridge failure in the United States. Several pier-scour equations have been developed to calculate potential scour depths at existing and proposed bridges. Because many pier-scour equations are based on data from laboratory flumes and from cohesionless silt- and sand-bottomed streams, they tend to overestimate scour for piers in coarse-bed materials. Several equations have been developed to incorporate the mitigating effects of large particle sizes on pier scour, but further investigations are needed to evaluate how accurately pier-scour depths calculated by these equations match measured field data.\r\n\r\nThis report, prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Transportation, describes the evaluation of five pier-scour equations for coarse-bed streams. Pier-scour and associated bridge-geometry, bed-material, and streamflow-measurement data at bridges over coarse-bed streams in Montana, Alaska, Maryland, Ohio, and Virginia were selected from the Bridge Scour Data Management System. Pier scour calculated using the Simplified Chinese equation, the Froehlich equation, the Froehlich design equation, the HEC-18/Jones equation and the HEC-18/Mueller equation for flood events with approximate recurrence intervals of less than 2 to 100 years were compared to 42 pier-scour measurements. Comparison of results showed that pier-scour depths calculated with the HEC-18/Mueller equation were seldom smaller than measured pier-scour depths. In addition, pier-scour depths calculated using the HEC-18/Mueller equation were closer to measured scour than for the other equations that did not underestimate pier scour. However, more data are needed from coarse-bed streams and from less frequent flood events to further evaluate pier-scour equations.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045111","usgsCitation":"Chase, K.J., and Holnbeck, S.R., 2004, Evaluation of pier-scour equations for coarse-bed streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5111, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045111.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6273,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.81722222222223,25.50138888888889 ], [ -168.81722222222223,71.83555555555554 ], [ -66.95222222222222,71.83555555555554 ], [ -66.95222222222222,25.50138888888889 ], [ -168.81722222222223,25.50138888888889 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ede4b07f02db556bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5796-4148 kchase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-4148","contributorId":454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Katherine","email":"kchase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69928,"text":"sir20045105 - 2004 - Pesticide compounds in streamwater in the Delaware River Basin, December 1998-August 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T21:06:09.331211","indexId":"sir20045105","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5105","title":"Pesticide compounds in streamwater in the Delaware River Basin, December 1998-August 2001","docAbstract":"During 1998-2001, 533 samples of streamwater at 94 sites were collected in the Delaware River Basin in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and Delaware as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Of these samples, 531 samples were analyzed for dissolved concentrations of 47 pesticide compounds (43 pesticides and 4 pesticide degradation products); 70 samples were analyzed for an additional 6 pesticide degradation products.
Of the 47 pesticide compounds analyzed for in 531 samples, 30 were detected. The most often detected compounds were atrazine (90.2 percent of samples), metolachlor (86.1 percent), deethylatrazine (82.5 percent), and simazine (78.9 percent). Atrazine, metolachlor, and simazine are pesticides; deethylatrazine is a degradation product of atrazine.
Relations between concentrations of pesticides in samples from selected streamwater sites and characteristics of the subbasins draining to these sites were evaluated to determine whether agricultural uses or nonagricultural uses appeared to be the more important sources. Concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, and pendimethalin appear to be attributable more to agricultural uses than to nonagricultural uses; concentrations of prometon, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, tebuthiuron, trifluralin, and carbaryl appear to be attributable more to nonagricultural uses.
In general, pesticide concentrations during the growing season (April-October) were greater than those during the nongrowing season (November-March). For atrazine, metolachlor, and acetochlor, the greatest concentrations generally occurred during May, June, and July.
Concentrations of pesticide compounds rarely (in only 7 out of 531 samples) exceeded drinking-water standards or guidelines, indicating that, when considered individually, these compounds present little hazard to the health of the public through consumption of the streamwater. The combined effects of more than one pesticide compound in streamwater were not considered.
Diazinon appeared to be the pesticide compound most likely to adversely affect aquatic life in the streams of the Delaware River Basin; concentrations of diazinon exceeded guidelines (designed to protect aquatic life) in 19 samples, the most of any pesticide compound. Concentrations of as many as 5 compounds exceeded guidelines in 29 of 531 samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045105","usgsCitation":"Hickman, R.E., 2004, Pesticide compounds in streamwater in the Delaware River Basin, December 1998-August 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5105, viii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045105.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6279,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414260,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70972.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -74.3333,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -74.3333,\n 42.4167\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 42.4167\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ce4b07f02db4e844c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69930,"text":"sir20045170 - 2004 - Surface- and ground-water relations on the Portneuf river, and temporal changes in ground-water levels in the Portneuf Valley, Caribou and Bannock Counties, Idaho, 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:35","indexId":"sir20045170","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5170","title":"Surface- and ground-water relations on the Portneuf river, and temporal changes in ground-water levels in the Portneuf Valley, Caribou and Bannock Counties, Idaho, 2001-02","docAbstract":"The State of Idaho and local water users are concerned that streamflow depletion in the Portneuf River in Caribou and Bannock Counties is linked to ground-water withdrawals for irrigated agriculture. A year-long field study during 2001\u0013 02 that focused on monitoring surface- and ground-water relations\r\nwas conducted, in cooperation with the Idaho Department\r\nof Water Resources, to address some of the water-user concerns. The study area comprised a 10.2-mile reach of the Portneuf River downstream from the Chesterfield Reservoir in the broad Portneuf Valley (Portneuf River Valley reach) and a 20-mile reach of the Portneuf River in a narrow valley downstream\r\nfrom the Portneuf Valley (Pebble-Topaz reach). During the field study, the surface- and ground-water relations were dynamic. A losing river reach was delineated in the middle of the Portneuf River Valley reach, centered approximately 7.2 miles downstream from Chesterfield Reservoir.\r\nTwo seepage studies conducted in the Portneuf Valley during regulated high flows showed that the length of the losing river reach increased from 2.6 to nearly 6 miles as the irrigation season progressed.Surface- and ground-water relations in the Portneuf Valley\r\nalso were characterized from an analysis of specific conductance\r\nand temperature measurements. In a gaining reach, stratification of specific conductance and temperature across the channel of the Portneuf River was an indicator of ground water seeping into the river.An evolving method of using heat as a tracer to monitor surface- and ground-water relations was successfully conducted\r\nwith thermistor arrays at four locations. Heat tracing monitored a gaining reach, where ground water was seeping into the river, and monitored a losing reach, where surface water was seeping down through the riverbed (also referred to as a conveyance loss), at two locations.Conveyance losses in the Portneuf River Valley reach were greatest, about 20 cubic feet per second, during the mid-summer regulated high flows. Conveyance losses in the Pebble-Topaz reach were greatest, about 283 cubic feet per second, during the spring regulated high flows and were attributed\r\nto a hydroelectric project.Comparison of water levels in 30 wells in the Portneuf Valley during September and October 1968 and 2001 indicated long-term declines since 1968; the median decline was 3.4 feet. September and October were selected for characterizing long-term ground-water-level fluctuations because declines associated with irrigation reach a maximum at the end of the irrigation season. The average annual snowpack in the study area has declined significantly; 1945\u0013 85 average annual snowpack\r\nwas 16.1 inches, whereas 1986 through 2002 average annual snowpack was 11.6 inches. Water-level declines during 1998 \u0013 2002 may be partially attributable to the extended dry climatic conditions. It is unclear whether the declines could be partially attributed to increases in ground-water withdrawals.\r\nBetween 1968 and 1980, water rights for ground-water withdrawals nearly doubled from 23,500 to 46,000 acre-feet per year. During this period, ground-water levels were relatively\r\nconstant and did not exhibit a declining trend that could be related to increased ground-water withdrawal rights. However,\r\nground-water withdrawals are not measured in the valley; thus, the amount of water pumped is not known. Since the 1990s, there have been several years when the Chesterfield Reservoir has not completely refilled, and the water in storage behind the reservoir has been depleted by the middle of the irrigation season. In this situation, surface-water diversions for irrigation were terminated before the end of the irrigation season, and irrigators, who were relying in part on diversions from the Portneuf River, had to rely solely on ground water as an alternate supply. Smaller volumes of water in the Chesterfield Reservoir since the 1990s indicate a growing\r\ndemand for ground-water supplies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045170","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., 2004, Surface- and ground-water relations on the Portneuf river, and temporal changes in ground-water levels in the Portneuf Valley, Caribou and Bannock Counties, Idaho, 2001-02 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5170, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045170.","productDescription":"59 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6281,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5170/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":187913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b4f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69923,"text":"sir20045141 - 2004 - Water quality, hydrology, and the effects of changes in phosphorus loading to Pike Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T22:11:41.276988","indexId":"sir20045141","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5141","title":"Water quality, hydrology, and the effects of changes in phosphorus loading to Pike Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting","docAbstract":"Pike Lake is a 459-acre, mesotrophic to eutrophic dimictic lake in southeastern Wisconsin. Because of concern over degrading water quality in the lake associated with further development in its watershed, a study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1998 to 2000 to describe the water quality and hydrology of the lake, quantify sources of phosphorus including the effects of short-circuiting of inflows, and determine how changes in phosphorus loading should affect the water quality of the lake. Measuring all significant water and phosphorus sources and estimating lesser sources was the method used to construct detailed water and phosphorus budgets. The Rubicon River, ungaged near-lake surface inflow, precipitation, and ground water provide 55, 20, 17, and 7 percent of the total inflow, respectively. Water leaves the lake through the Rubicon River outlet (87 percent) or by evaporation (13 percent). Total input of phosphorus to the lake was about 3,500 pounds in 1999 and 2,400 pounds in 2000. About 80 percent of the phosphorus was from the Rubicon River, about half of which came from the watershed and half from a waste-water treatment plant in Slinger, Wisconsin. Inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting of phosphorus is facilitated by a meandering segment of the Rubicon River channel through a marsh at the north end of the lake. It is estimated that 77 percent of phosphorus from the Rubicon River in monitoring year 1999 and 65 percent in monitoring year 2000 was short-circuited to the outlet without entering the main body of the lake.
\nSimulations using water-quality models within the Wisconsin Lake Model Suite (WiLMS) indicated Pike Lake's response to 13 different phosphorus-loading scenarios. These scenarios included a base 'normal' year (2000) for which lake water quality and loading were known, six different percentage increases or decreases in phosphorus loading from controllable sources, and six different loading scenarios corresponding to specific management actions. Model simulations indicate that a 50-percent reduction in controllable loading sources would be needed to achieve a mesotrophic classification with respect to phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depth (an index of water clarity). Model simulations indicated that short-circuiting of phosphorus from the inlet to the outlet was the main reason the water quality of the lake is good relative to the amount of loading from the Rubicon River and that changes in the percentage of inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting have a significant influence on the water quality of the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045141","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Pike Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District","usgsCitation":"Rose, W., Robertson, D.M., and Mergener, E.A., 2004, Water quality, hydrology, and the effects of changes in phosphorus loading to Pike Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5141, viii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045141.","productDescription":"viii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409833,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70328.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":311357,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5141/pdf/SIR_2004-5141.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Pike Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.36629867553711,\n 43.27395582552914\n ],\n [\n -88.36629867553711,\n 43.35202067305005\n ],\n [\n -88.25437545776366,\n 43.35202067305005\n ],\n [\n -88.25437545776366,\n 43.27395582552914\n ],\n [\n -88.36629867553711,\n 43.27395582552914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f98dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mergener, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":43442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mergener","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69915,"text":"wdrAK031 - 2004 - Water resources data, Alaska, water year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T09:43:09","indexId":"wdrAK031","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AK-03-1","title":"Water resources data, Alaska, water year 2003","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2003 water year for Alaska consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stages of lakes; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This volume contains records for water discharge at 118 gaging stations; stage or contents only at 4 gaging stations; water quality at 28 gaging stations; and water levels for 53 observation wells. Also included are data for 66 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. Some data collected during 2003 will be published in subsequent reports. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/wdrAK031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Alaska and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., Bartu, D., Eash, J., and Swenson, W., 2004, Water resources data, Alaska, water year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AK-03-1, xxx, 445 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAK031.","productDescription":"xxx, 445 p.","numberOfPages":"477","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2003-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6268,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartu, D.P.","contributorId":83613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartu","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eash, J.D.","contributorId":68410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swenson, W.A.","contributorId":26363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69919,"text":"ds69G - 2004 - Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic framework of upper Campanian strata (Neslen and Mount Garfield formations, Bluecastle Tongue of the Castlegate Sandstone, and Mancos Shale), Eastern Book Cliffs, Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T19:21:41.093007","indexId":"ds69G","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"G","title":"Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic framework of upper Campanian strata (Neslen and Mount Garfield formations, Bluecastle Tongue of the Castlegate Sandstone, and Mancos Shale), Eastern Book Cliffs, Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"Facies and sequence-stratigraphic analysis identifies six high-resolution sequences within upper Campanian strata across about 120 miles of the Book Cliffs in western Colorado and eastern Utah. The six sequences are named after prominent\r\nsandstone units and include, in ascending order, upper Sego sequence, Neslen sequence, Corcoran sequence, Buck Canyon/lower Cozzette sequence, upper Cozzette sequence, and Cozzette/Rollins sequence. A seventh sequence, the Bluecastle\r\nsequence, is present in the extreme western part of the study area. Facies analysis documents deepening- and shallowing-\r\nupward successions, parasequence stacking patterns, downlap in subsurface cross sections, facies dislocations, basinward shifts in facies, and truncation of strata.All six sequences display major incision into shoreface deposits of the Sego Sandstone and sandstones of the Corcoran\r\nand Cozzette Members of the Mount Garfield Formation. The incised surfaces represent sequence-boundary unconformities\r\nthat allowed bypass of sediment to lowstand shorelines that are either attached to the older highstand shorelines or are detached from the older highstand shorelines and located southeast of the main study area. The sequence boundary unconformities represent valley incisions that were cut during\r\nsuccessive lowstands of relative sea level. The overlying valley-fill deposits generally consist of tidally influenced strata deposited during an overall base level rise. Transgressive\r\nsurfaces can be traced or projected over, or locally into, estuarine deposits above and landward of their associated shoreface deposits. Maximum flooding surfaces can be traced or projected landward from offshore strata into, or above, coastal-plain deposits. With the exception of the Cozzette/Rollins\r\nsequence, the majority of coal-bearing coastal-plain strata was deposited before maximum flooding and is therefore within the transgressive systems tracts. Maximum flooding was followed by strong progradation of parasequences and low preservation potential of coastal-plain strata within the highstand systems tract. The large incised valleys, lack of transgressive retrogradational parasequences, strong progradational\r\nnature of highstand parasequences, and low preservation of coastal-plain strata in the highstand systems tracts argue for relatively low accommodation space during deposition of the Sego, Corcoran, and Cozzette sequences. The Buck Canyon/Cozzette and Cozzette/Rollins sequences contrast with other sequences in that the preservation\r\nof retrogradational parasequences and the development of large estuaries coincident with maximum flooding indicate a relative increase in accommodation space during deposition of these strata. Following maximum flooding, the Buck Canyon/Cozzette sequence follows the pattern of the other sequences, but the Cozzette/Rollins sequence exhibits a contrasting offlapping pattern with development of offshore clinoforms that downlap and eventually parallel its maximum flooding surface. This highstand systems tract preserves a thick coal-bearing section where the Rollins Sandstone Member of the Mount Garfield Formation parasequences prograde out of the study area, stepping up as much as 800 ft stratigraphically over a distance of about 90 miles. This progradational stacking pattern indicates a higher accommodation space and increased sedimentation rate compared to the previous sequences.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds69G","isbn":"0607908645","usgsCitation":"Kirschbaum, M.A., and Hettinger, R.D., 2004, Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic framework of upper Campanian strata (Neslen and Mount Garfield formations, Bluecastle Tongue of the Castlegate Sandstone, and Mancos Shale), Eastern Book Cliffs, Colorado and Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69G.","productDescription":"46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110545,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70219.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"70219"},{"id":6272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.0833,\n 39.00\n ],\n [\n -107.86667,\n 39.00\n ],\n [\n -107.8667,\n 39.5500\n ],\n [\n -110.0833,\n 39.5500\n ],\n [\n -110.0833,\n 39.00\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f88bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschbaum, Mark A.","contributorId":25112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hettinger, Robert D.","contributorId":102486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hettinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69917,"text":"sir20045249 - 2004 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia river, Oregon and Washington, 2004: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T20:59:44.776402","indexId":"sir20045249","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5249","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia river, Oregon and Washington, 2004: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"When water is released through the spillways of dams, air is entrained in the water, increasing the downstream concentration of total dissolved gas. Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have adverse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), collected total-dissolved-gas (TDG) and water-temperature data at eight sites on the lower Columbia River in 2004. Significant findings from the data include:
\nNo abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1689","usgsCitation":"Whitney, J.W., and Taylor, E.M., 2004, Quaternary paleoseismology and stratigraphy of the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1689, Report: xi, 206 p.; 26 Plates: 41.63 x 8.67 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1689.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 206 p.; 26 Plates: 41.63 x 8.67 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110542,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70090.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"70090"},{"id":6189,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1689","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.68853759765626,\n 35.77994251888403\n ],\n [\n -115.43060302734375,\n 35.77994251888403\n ],\n [\n -115.43060302734375,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -116.68853759765626,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -116.68853759765626,\n 35.77994251888403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Keefer, William R.","contributorId":74083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747058,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":1240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69869,"text":"sir20045223 - 2004 - Estimated water use in Montana in 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T11:11:48","indexId":"sir20045223","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5223","title":"Estimated water use in Montana in 2000","docAbstract":"The future health and economic welfare of Montana's population is dependent on a continuing supply of fresh water. Montana's finite water resources are being stressed by increasing water withdrawals and instream-flow requirements. Various water managers in Montana need comprehensive, current, and detailed water-use data to quantify current stresses and estimate and plan for future water needs. This report summarizes selected water-use data for all of Montana's counties and stream basins to help meet those needs. In 2000, the citizens of Montana withdrew and used about 10,749 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water from Montana's streams and aquifers. Withdrawals from surface water were about 10,477 Mgal/d and withdrawals from ground water were about 272 Mgal/d. Agricultural irrigation accounted for about 10,378 Mgal/d or about 96.5 percent of total withdrawals for all uses. Withdrawals for public supply were about 136 Mgal/d, self-supplied domestic withdrawals were about 23 Mgal/d, self-supplied industrial withdrawals were about 61 Mgal/d, withdrawals for thermoelectric power generation were about 110 Mgal/d, and withdrawals for livestock were about 41 Mgal/d. Total consumptive use of water in 2000 was about 2,370 Mgal/d, of which about 2,220 Mgal/d (93.6 percent) was for agricultural irrigation. Instream uses of water included hydroelectric power generation and maintenance of instream flows for conservation of wildlife and aquatic life, and for public recreational purposes. In 2000, about 74,486 Mgal/d was used at hydroelectric plants for generation of about 11,591 gigawatt-hours of electricity. Evaporation from large water bodies, although not a classified water use, accounts for a large loss of water in some parts of the State. Net evaporation from Montana's 60 largest reservoirs and regulated lakes averaged about 891 Mgal/d.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045223","usgsCitation":"Cannon, M.R., and Johnson, D.R., 2004, Estimated water use in Montana in 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5223, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045223.","productDescription":"61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045223.JPG"},{"id":6205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.16666666666667,44.666666666666664 ], [ -116.16666666666667,49 ], [ -104.08333333333333,49 ], [ -104.08333333333333,44.666666666666664 ], [ -116.16666666666667,44.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b8e4b07f02db5ccf3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, M. R.","contributorId":99140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Dave R.","contributorId":27938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69887,"text":"fs20043108 - 2004 - Changing Salinity Patterns in Biscayne Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"fs20043108","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3108","title":"Changing Salinity Patterns in Biscayne Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Biscayne Bay, Fla., is a 428-square-mile (1,109-square-kilometer) subtropical estuarine ecosystem that includes Biscayne National Park, the largest marine park in the U.S. national park system (fig. 1). The bay began forming between 5,000 and 3,000 years ago as sea level rose and southern Florida was flooded. Throughout most of its history, the pristine waters of the bay supported abundant and diverse fauna and flora, and the bay was a nursery for the adjacent coral-reef and marine ecosystems.\r\n\r\nIn the 20th century, urbanization of the Miami-Dade County area profoundly affected the environment of the bay. Construction of powerplants, water-treatment plants, and solid-waste sites and large-scale development along the shoreline stressed the ecosystem. Biscayne National Monument was established in 1968 to ?preserve and protect for the education, inspiration, recreation and enjoyment of present and future generations a rare combination of terrestrial, marine, and amphibious life in a tropical setting of great natural beauty? (Public Law 90?606). The monument was enlarged in 1980 and designated a national park.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20043108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Florida Water Management District and Biscayne National Park","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Changing Salinity Patterns in Biscayne Bay, Florida (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3108, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043108.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6215,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3108/fs2004-3108.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3108/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e670e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69885,"text":"fs20043094 - 2004 - Wildlife health: Thirty years of science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T07:56:01","indexId":"fs20043094","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3094","title":"Wildlife health: Thirty years of science","docAbstract":"For three decades the USGS National Wildlife Health Center has responded to threats to the health of the Nation’s wildlife with unparallelled science and field support.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043094","usgsCitation":"Slota, P., 2004, Wildlife health: Thirty years of science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3094, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043094.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":6213,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3094/fs20043094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2004-3094"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Mangroves are tropical/subtropical communities of primarily tree species that grow in the intertidal zone. These tidal forests are important coastal ecosystems that are valued for a variety of ecological and societal goods and services. Major local threats to mangrove ecosystems worldwide include clearcutting and trimming of forests for urban, agricultural, or industrial expansion; hydrological alterations; toxic chemical spills; and eutrophication. In many countries with mangroves, much of the human population resides in the coastal zone, and their activities often negatively impact the integrity of mangrove forests. In addition, eutrophication, which is the process whereby nutrients build up to higher than normal levels in a natural system, is possibly one of the most serious threats to mangroves and associated ecosystems such as coral reefs. Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at the National Wetlands Research Center are working to more fully understand global impacts on these significant ecosystems.
Changes in climate and other factors may also affect mangroves, but in complex ways. Global warming may promote expansion of mangrove forests to higher latitudes and accelerate sea-level rise through melting of polar ice or steric expansion of oceans. Changes in sea level would alter flooding patterns and the structure and areal extent of mangroves. Climate change may also alter rainfall patterns, which would in turn change local salinity regimes and competitive interactions of mangroves with other wetland species. Increases in frequency or intensity of tropical storms and hurricanes in combination with sea-level rise may alter erosion and sedimentation rates in mangrove forests. Another global change factor that may directly affect mangrove growth is increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), caused by burning of fossil fuels and other factors. Elevated CO2 concentration may increase mangrove growth by stimulating photosynthesis or improving water use efficiency, but the consequences of this growth enhancement for the ecosystem are unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043125","usgsCitation":"McKee, K.L., 2004, Global change impacts on mangrove ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3125, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043125.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3125.jpg"},{"id":6187,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/2004-3125.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10921,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/2004-3125/2004-3125.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674e26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":8927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69846,"text":"fs20043016 - 2004 - Lightning gaps in the mangrove forest of Everglades National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-15T15:39:17.908517","indexId":"fs20043016","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3016","title":"Lightning gaps in the mangrove forest of Everglades National Park","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043016","usgsCitation":"Whelan, K.R., and Smith, T.J., 2004, Lightning gaps in the mangrove forest of Everglades National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3016, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043016.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3016.jpg"},{"id":6181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3016/FS_2004_3016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"831 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2004-3016"}],"scale":"24000","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Hydrologic data collected in Monroe County since the 1980s and earlier, including long-term records of streamflow and chemical loads, provide a basis for assessment of water-management practices. All monitored streams except Northrup Creek showed a slight (nonsignificant) overall decrease in annual streamflow over their period of record; Northrup Creek showed a slight increase.
The highest yields of all constituents except chloride and sulfate were at Northrup Creek; these values exceeded those of the seven Irondequoit Creek basin sites and the Genesee River site. The highest yields of dissolved chloride were at the most highly urbanized site (Allen Creek), whereas the highest yields of dissolved sulfate were at the most upstream Irondequoit Creek sites -- Railroad Mills (active) and Pittsford (inactive). Yields of all constituents in the Genesee River at the Charlotte Pump Station were within the range of those at the Irondequoit Creek basin sites.
The four active Irondequoit Creek basin sites showed significant downward trends in flow-adjusted loads of ammonia + organic nitrogen, possibly from the conversion of agricultural land to suburban land. Two active sites (Allen Creek and Blossom Road) and one inactive site (Thomas Creek) showed downward trends in loads of ammonia. All active sites showed significant upward trends in dissolved chloride loads. Northrup Creek showed a significant downward trend in total phosphorus load since the improvement in phosphorus removal at the Spencerport wastewater-treatment plant, and upward trends in dissolved chloride and sulfate loads. The Genesee River at the Charlotte Pump Station showed significant downward trends in loads of ammonia + organic nitrogen and chloride, and an upward trend in loads of orthophosphate.
The improved treatment or diversion of sewage-treatment-plant-effluent has produced decreased yields of some constituents throughout the county, particularly in the Irondequoit Creek basin, where the loads of nutrients delivered to Irondequoit Bay have been decreased.
","language":"English","publisher":" U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Monroe County Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, D.A., 2004, Loads and yields of selected constituents in streams and rivers of Monroe County, New York, 1984-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4197, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034197.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4197/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":6222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4197/wri20034197.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2003-4197"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.3792,43.2748],[-77.3756,43.1898],[-77.3731,43.1221],[-77.3719,43.0329],[-77.4866,43.0321],[-77.4822,42.9431],[-77.5805,42.9438],[-77.635,42.9443],[-77.6374,42.9397],[-77.7582,42.9404],[-77.7602,42.9426],[-77.7583,42.9445],[-77.7527,42.9455],[-77.747,42.9438],[-77.7378,42.9476],[-77.7321,42.9449],[-77.7309,42.9468],[-77.7343,42.9549],[-77.7311,42.9554],[-77.7279,42.9532],[-77.7244,42.9592],[-77.7265,42.9655],[-77.7235,42.9719],[-77.7185,42.9715],[-77.718,42.9738],[-77.7213,42.9797],[-77.7326,42.9818],[-77.731,42.9882],[-77.9101,42.9877],[-77.9098,43.0141],[-77.9068,43.0369],[-77.9527,43.0392],[-77.9083,43.132],[-77.9981,43.1321],[-77.9985,43.2818],[-77.9959,43.3656],[-77.9921,43.3657],[-77.9877,43.3662],[-77.9827,43.3677],[-77.9771,43.3687],[-77.9701,43.3679],[-77.9562,43.3668],[-77.9365,43.3626],[-77.9327,43.3604],[-77.9251,43.3587],[-77.9168,43.3575],[-77.908,43.3572],[-77.9004,43.3565],[-77.8985,43.3551],[-77.894,43.3534],[-77.8902,43.3526],[-77.8737,43.3501],[-77.8592,43.3486],[-77.8523,43.3487],[-77.8333,43.3458],[-77.8149,43.343],[-77.7909,43.3398],[-77.7827,43.3394],[-77.777,43.34],[-77.7733,43.341],[-77.7702,43.3415],[-77.7677,43.3424],[-77.7645,43.3425],[-77.7594,43.3412],[-77.755,43.339],[-77.7486,43.3355],[-77.7409,43.3329],[-77.7339,43.3316],[-77.725,43.3277],[-77.7186,43.3255],[-77.7148,43.3233],[-77.7128,43.3202],[-77.7121,43.3179],[-77.712,43.3161],[-77.712,43.3147],[-77.7126,43.3147],[-77.7145,43.3147],[-77.7152,43.3165],[-77.7178,43.3183],[-77.7216,43.3191],[-77.7247,43.3186],[-77.7278,43.3176],[-77.7291,43.3172],[-77.7284,43.3158],[-77.7252,43.3154],[-77.7214,43.3145],[-77.7189,43.3137],[-77.7176,43.3123],[-77.7181,43.3105],[-77.7181,43.3092],[-77.7105,43.3079],[-77.7079,43.307],[-77.7074,43.3084],[-77.7087,43.3102],[-77.7081,43.3107],[-77.7049,43.3098],[-77.6953,43.3041],[-77.676,43.2916],[-77.6619,43.2832],[-77.6555,43.2797],[-77.6479,43.2775],[-77.639,43.275],[-77.6243,43.2679],[-77.6166,43.2635],[-77.6032,43.256],[-77.5821,43.2463],[-77.5643,43.2393],[-77.5535,43.2367],[-77.5428,43.2351],[-77.539,43.2356],[-77.5359,43.2356],[-77.5272,43.2385],[-77.5135,43.2451],[-77.508,43.2479],[-77.5055,43.2489],[-77.5017,43.2494],[-77.4973,43.249],[-77.4873,43.2505],[-77.4779,43.2538],[-77.4717,43.2562],[-77.4586,43.2587],[-77.4448,43.2616],[-77.4318,43.2673],[-77.4262,43.2701],[-77.4199,43.2697],[-77.4105,43.2703],[-77.403,43.2713],[-77.3961,43.2746],[-77.3886,43.2761],[-77.3792,43.2748]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monroe\",\"state\":\"NY\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The lack of concurrent water-quality and hydrologic data on riparian wetlands in the Midwestern United States has resulted in a lack of knowledge about the water-quality functions that these wetlands provide. Therefore, Little Bean Marsh, a remnant riparian wetland along the Missouri River, was investigated in 1996 and 1997 primarily to determine the magnitude and character of selected water-quality benefits that can be produced in such a wetland and to identify critical processes that can be managed in remnant or restored riparian wetlands for amelioration of water quality.
Little Bean Marsh averages 69 hectares in size, has a maximum depth of about 1 meter, and the majority of the marsh is covered by macrophytes. In 1997, 41 percent of the water received by Little Bean Marsh was from direct precipitation, 14 percent was from ground-water seepage, 30 percent from watershed runoff, and 15 percent was backflow from Bean Lake. Although, Little Bean Marsh was both a ground-water recharge and discharge area, discharge to the marsh was three times the recharge to ground water. Ground-water levels closely tracked marsh water levels indicating a strong hydraulic connection between ground water and the marsh. Reduced surface runoff and ground-water availability are stabilizing influences on marsh hydrology and probably contribute to the persistence of emergent vegetation. The rapid hydraulic connection between Little Bean Marsh and ground water indicates that the hydrologic regime of most wetlands along the lower Missouri River is largely a function of the altitude of the marsh bottom relative to the altitude of the water table.
More water was lost from the marsh through evapotranspiration (59 percent) than all other pathways combined. This is partially because the transpiration process of abundant macrophytes can greatly contribute to the evapotranspiration above that lost from open water surfaces. Surface outflow accounted for 36 percent and ground-water seepage accounted for only 5 percent of the losses. Large residence times allows the marsh to greatly affect water quality before water escapes as ground-water recharge or surface outflow.
The shallowness of Little Bean Marsh and ion exclusion during ice formation caused the highest specific conductances of 1,100 to 1,300 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius to occur during the winter. This concentration of dissolved solutes under ice can make wetlands more vulnerable to toxic contaminants than deeper surface-water bodies.
Dissolved oxygen was less than 5 mg/L (milligrams per liter) for 3 to 4 months and near 0 mg/L for about 1 month in summer. Despite depths of less than 1 meter, temperature stratification persisted more than 3 months during the summers of 1996 and 1997, preventing mixing and contributing to periods of anoxia. Shallow depths and extended periods of anoxia in the marsh limit the ability of some organisms to escape high-temperature stress.
Turbidity in Little Bean Marsh usually was low for several reasons: sediment loadings from the largely flood-plain drainage were low, emergent vegetation shade out algae and shield the water from wind, and high concentrations of bivalent cations increase flocculation rates of inorganic suspended material. The high concentrations of bivalent cations was largely because of a substantial amount of ground-water seepage into the marsh.
Dissolved organic nitrogen was the dominant nitrogen species in Little Bean Marsh. Denitrification and biotic uptake kept more than 62 percent of nitrate (NO3) and 43 percent of ammonium (NH4) concentrations in marsh samples less than a detection limit of 0.005 mg/L. This contrasts with the Missouri River where inorganic NO3 dominates. Consequently, artificial flood-plain drainage that bypasses riparian wetlands likely deliver substantially more biotically available inorganic nitrogen to receiving waters than surface water that has been routed through a remnant wetland. Average total nitrogen concentrations in Little Bean Marsh were substantially less than those at other Missouri River wetlands, roughly one-half the mean concentrations in the Missouri River, but roughly twice the average nitrogen values in reservoirs of the glaciated plains of Missouri.
The largest concentrations of nearly all species of nitrogen and phosphorus and the most intense period of hypereutrophy coincided with a phytoplankton bloom and senescence of River Bulrush (Scirpus fluviatilis) and common cattail (Typha latifolia) in September 1997. The rapid leaching of nitrogen that occurs soon after macrophyte senescence combined with a recent destratification of the marsh probably provided nitrogen to the nitrogen-limited open-water areas and triggered a phytoplankton bloom. Despite the rarity of runoff events, surface runoff from the watershed, combined with atmospheric deposition, contributed more than seven times the 530 kg (kilograms) of nitrogen that escaped Little Bean Marsh in surface outflow during 1997. Atmospheric deposition alone was more than 530 kg. Seepage to ground water contained less than 1.5 percent of the nitrogen leaving the marsh in surface outflow. The slow decay rate of Scirpus fluviatilis and reducing conditions in bottom sediments make burial of organic nitrogen a substantial sink of nitrogen.
Denitrification experiments indicate that denitrification rates were limited by NO3 in the water column. Consequently, decomposition and nitrification of NH4 and organic nitrogen are the rate limiting steps of nitrogen removal in Little Bean Marsh. The NO3-limited rates of denitrification also indicate that Little Bean Marsh has a large unused capacity for nitrogen removal. These data indicate that the vast extent of riparian marshes along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers may have had a substantial role in limiting NO3 loads to the Gulf of Mexico before agricultural development of flood plains. Drainage and removal of riparian marshes may be a major cause of the increased NO3 loads to the Gulf of Mexico.
Periods of anoxia had much larger effects on phosphorus release than the other variables. The largest concentrations of phosphorus occurred in late summer and corresponded with senescing macrophytes, periods of anoxia, and a large algal bloom in Little Bean Marsh. Low water levels prevented the escape of phosphorus in surface outflow during these periods of highest phosphorus concentrations. Dry weather in late summer is typical and probably makes the correspondence of low water levels, anoxia, and consequent low phosphorus release a common occurrence in marshes along the Missouri River. Little Bean Marsh retained more than 95 percent of the phosphorus it received. The amount of phosphorus in surface inflows to the marsh were more than one order of magnitude greater than that escaping in surface outflows. The long hydraulic residence time of the marsh and large contributions of iron from ground water (that provide many sorption sites for phosphorus) make the marsh an effective sediment and phosphorus trap.
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Less than 20 km north lies the city of Seattle; downtown Tacoma lies just southwest of the quadrangle. The map area expresses much of the tremendous range of Quaternary environments and deposits found throughout the central Puget Lowland. Much of the ground surface is mantled by a rolling surface of glacial till deposited during the last occupation of the Puget Lowland by a great continental ice sheet about 14,000 years ago. A complex sequence of older unconsolidated sediments extends far below sea level across most of the quadrangle, with no bedrock exposures at all.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2854","usgsCitation":"Booth, D.B., Waldron, H., and Troost, K.G., 2004, Geologic Map of the Poverty Bay 7.5' quadrangle, King and Pierce counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2854, 1 sheet, 52 x 35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2854.","productDescription":"1 sheet, 52 x 35 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110537,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70024.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"70024"},{"id":191545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2854/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a846d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, Derek B.","contributorId":100873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":281421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, H.H.","contributorId":72851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troost, K. G.","contributorId":77244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troost","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69866,"text":"sir20045173 - 2004 - Instream flow characterization of upper Salmon River Basin streams, Central Idaho, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T14:37:04","indexId":"sir20045173","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5173","title":"Instream flow characterization of upper Salmon River Basin streams, Central Idaho, 2003","docAbstract":"Anadromous fish populations in the Columbia River Basin have plummeted in the last 100 years. This severe decline led to Federal listing of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocks as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 1990s. Historically, the upper Salmon River Basin (upstream from the confluence with the Pahsimeroi River) in Idaho provided migration corridors and significant habitat for these ESA-listed species, in addition to the federally listed bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Human development has modified the original streamflow conditions in many streams in the upper Salmon River Basin. Summer streamflow modifications, as a result of irrigation practices, have directly affected the quantity and quality of fish habitat and also have affected migration and (or) access to suitable spawning and rearing habitat for these fish. As a result of these ESA listings and Action 149 of the Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion of 2000, the Bureau of Reclamation was tasked to conduct streamflow characterization studies in the upper Salmon River Basin to clearly define habitat requirements for effective species management and habitat restoration. These studies include the collection of habitat and streamflow information for the Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) model, a widely applied method to determine relations between habitat and discharge requirements for various fish species and life stages. Model results can be used by resource managers to guide habitat restoration efforts in the evaluation of potential fish habitat and passage improvements by increasing streamflow. Instream flow characterization studies were completed on Pole, Fourth of July, Elk, and Valley Creeks during 2003. Continuous streamflow data were collected upstream from all diversions on each stream. In addition, natural summer streamflows were estimated for each study site using regression equations. PHABSIM results are presented for bull trout, chinook salmon, and steelhead trout over a range of summer streamflows. Habitat/discharge relations are summarized for juvenile, adult, and spawning life stages at each study site. Adult fish passage and discharge relations are evaluated at specific transects identified as a potential low-streamflow passage barrier at each study site. Continuous summer water temperature data for selected study sites also are summarized and compared with Idaho Water Quality Standards and various temperature requirements of targeted fish species. Results of these habitat studies can be used to prioritize and direct cost-effective actions to improve fish habitat for ESA-listed anadromous and native fish species in the basin. These actions may include acquiring water during critical low-flow periods by leasing or modifying irrigation delivery systems to minimize out-of-stream diversions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Maret, T.R., Hortness, J., and Ott, D.S., 2004, Instream flow characterization of upper Salmon River Basin streams, Central Idaho, 2003 (Version 1.2, Revised July 7, 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5173, Report: ix, 158 p.; Data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045173.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 158 p.; Data files","numberOfPages":"170","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262394,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5173/report.pdf"},{"id":262395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":286885,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5173/data/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Stanley","otherGeospatial":"Yankee Fork;Valley Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.3352,43.6002 ], [ -115.3352,45.0029 ], [ -113.5484,45.0029 ], [ -113.5484,43.6002 ], [ -115.3352,43.6002 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.2, Revised July 7, 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d74d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, Terry R. trmaret@usgs.gov","contributorId":953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"Terry","email":"trmaret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hortness, Jon 0000-0002-9809-2876 hortness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-2876","contributorId":3601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hortness","given":"Jon","email":"hortness@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ott, Douglas S. dott@usgs.gov","contributorId":3552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ott","given":"Douglas","email":"dott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}