The subsiding Upper Klamath Lake Basin contains sediments that were continuously deposited in a shallow, freshwater lake for more than 40 000 years. Well dated by radiometric methods and containing volcanic ashes of known age, these sediments constitute a valuable paleoclimate record. Sediment constituents and properties that reflect past climatic conditions in the area include pollen, diatoms, sediment geochemistry, and sediment magnetic properties. Many of these proxy measurements are also useful for comparing natural conditions in the lake to conditions following human settlement. Because of its location, the paleoclimate record from Upper Klamath Lake is valuable for comparisons to offshore marine records and as part of latitudinal transects of paleoclimate records along the west coast of the Americas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019235.72107.92","usgsCitation":"Colman, S., Bradbury, J.P., and Rosenbaum, J.G., 2004, Paleolimnology and paleoclimate studies in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 129-138, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019235.72107.92.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 42.13896840458089\n ],\n [\n -121.58569335937501,\n 42.13896840458089\n ],\n [\n -121.58569335937501,\n 42.66224137632748\n ],\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 42.66224137632748\n ],\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 42.13896840458089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0674e4b0da30c1bfcda3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, S.M.","contributorId":32851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J. Platt","contributorId":91106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Platt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbaum, Joseph G. jrosenbaum@usgs.gov","contributorId":1524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"Joseph","email":"jrosenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":728502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189373,"text":"70189373 - 2004 - Acidity and Alkalinity in mine drainage: Practical considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T16:51:32","indexId":"70189373","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Acidity and Alkalinity in mine drainage: Practical considerations","docAbstract":"In this paper, we emphasize that the Standard Method hot peroxide treatment procedure for acidity determination (hot acidity) directly measures net acidity or net alkalinity, but that more than one water-quality measure can be useful as a measure of the severity of acid mine drainage. We demonstrate that the hot acidity is related to the pH, alkalinity, and dissolved concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Al in fresh mine drainage. We show that the hot acidity accurately indicates the potential for pH to decrease to acidic values after complete oxidation of Fe and Mn, and it indicates the excess alkalinity or that required for neutralization of the sample. We show that the hot acidity method gives consistent, interpretable results on fresh or aged samples.
Regional data for mine-drainage quality in Pennsylvania indicated the pH of fresh samples was predominantly acidic (pH 2.5 to 4) or near neutral (pH 6 to 7); approximately 25 percent of the samples had intermediate pH values. This bimodal frequency distribution of pH was distinctive for fully oxidized samples; oxidized samples had acidic or near-neutral pH, only. Samples that had nearneutral pH after oxidation had negative hot acidity; samples that had acidic pH after oxidation had positive hot acidity. Samples with comparable pH values had variable hot acidities owing to variations in their alkalinities and dissolved Fe, Mn, and Al concentrations. The hot acidity was comparable to net acidity computed on the basis of initial pH and concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Al minus the initial alkalinity. Acidity computed from the pH and dissolved metals concentrations, assuming equivalents of 2 per mole of Fe and Mn and 3 per mole of Al, was comparable to that computed on the basis of aqueous species and FeII/FeIII. Despite changes in the pH, alkalinity, and metals concentrations, the hot acidities were comparable for fresh and aged samples. Thus, meaningful “net” acidity can be determined from a measured hot acidity or by calculation from the pH, alkalinity, and dissolved metals concentrations. Together, these water-quality data can be useful for evaluating the potential for toxicity, corrosion, or encrustation and can be helpful for determining the appropriate remediation. By demonstrating the measurements on fresh and aged samples, we hope to encourage (1) consistent use of the hot peroxide treatment procedure for acidity determination and (2) consistent reporting of negative acidity values.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings America Society of Mining and Reclamation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2004 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation and the 25th West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force","conferenceDate":"April 18-24, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Morgantown, WV","language":"English","doi":"10.21000/JASMR04010334","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, I., and Kirby, C.S., 2004, Acidity and Alkalinity in mine drainage: Practical considerations, in Proceedings America Society of Mining and Reclamation, Morgantown, WV, April 18-24, 2004, p. 334-365, https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR04010334.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"365","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965cf4ce4b0d1f9f05b5e9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, III cravotta@usgs.gov","contributorId":149319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"III","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, Carl S.","contributorId":23618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81071,"text":"gap12 - 2004 - GAP Analysis Bulletin Number 12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:10:21","indexId":"gap12","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":30,"text":"GAP Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"12","title":"GAP Analysis Bulletin Number 12","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, GAP Analysis Bulletin Number 12: GAP Bulletin 12, 137 p.","productDescription":"137 p.","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91245,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gap/12/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gap/12/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b4116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197332,"text":"70197332 - 2004 - Origin of the Bering Sea salient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T16:14:49","indexId":"70197332","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Bering Sea salient","docAbstract":"Our investigations in Alaska and Russia show that the curved orogen of the Bering Strait region is a composite feature that formed as a result of multiple superimposed events and cannot be related to latest Cretaceous–early Tertiary east-west shortening. Relations interpreted to record east-west shortening include the Chukchi syntaxis, deformation on Seward and Chukotka Peninsulas, the map pattern of Triassic-Jurassic mafic rocks, and plate reconstructions. These relations are reviewed in light of new data and show that the curved orogen cannot have been formed by east-west shortening. For example, the Chukchi syntaxis, the northeastern limb of the orogen, is a primary structural loop that originated during the Brookian orogeny in the Early Cretaceous and therefore predates postulated oroclinal bending. East-west shortening on Seward Peninsula and Chukotka is manifest by low-amplitude, long-wavelength folds that require only small strains. The Seward Peninsula/Yukon-Koyukuk province boundary was previously interpreted as a thrust fault, but it instead may be a left-lateral strike-slip fault. Triassic-Jurassic mafic rocks similar to the Angayucham terrane are found on the northern Chukotka Peninsula, but a better correlation is with rocks farther south in the South Anyui suture zone, resulting in a less-arcuate pattern. Mid-Cretaceous north-south extension in the Bering Strait region has enhanced the curvature of the margin. Recent plate reconstructions indicate that shortening between Eurasia and North America was previously overestimated and that significant east-west convergence probably did not occur in the region during the Tertiary. We conclude that the curved orogen in the Bering Strait region is not a true orocline and instead is a composite structural feature that is best described as a salient.
","largerWorkTitle":"Orogenic curvature: Integrating paleomagnetic and structural analyses","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2383-3(2004)383[131:OOTBSS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Amato, J., Toro, J., and Moore, T.E., 2004, Origin of the Bering Sea salient: GSA Special Papers, v. 383, p. 131-144, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2383-3(2004)383[131:OOTBSS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"383","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b1580e3e4b092d9651e2083","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amato, J.M.","contributorId":63214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amato","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toro, J.","contributorId":88502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toro","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187772,"text":"70187772 - 2004 - Using Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) imagery to detect polar bear maternal dens: Operations manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T17:04:38","indexId":"70187772","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5,"text":"BOEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"MMS 2004-062","title":"Using Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) imagery to detect polar bear maternal dens: Operations manual","docAbstract":"Recent research has shown that Forward Looking Infia-Red (FLIR) imagery can detect polar bear dens despite total snow cover over their deming habitat. FLIR imagers detect a AT or difference in temperature between objects in the imager's field of view. During the Arctic winter, the groundlsnow surface is typically cold, providing a dark background in the FLIR imager. Sources of heat appear as lighter or white areas. Dens, in particular, appear as small bright \"hotspots\", usually with kzy boundaries (Appendix 1). Most commonly, since bears chose deep snow drifts for deming, dens can be distinguished from the normally dark (cold) band of drifted snow surrounding them. This innovation has the potential to prevent human activities fiom disturbing deming polar bears by allowing managers to discover dens before potentially disruptive activities begin.
This is important because expanding resource extraction in Alaska's Arctic regions may threaten the welfare of polar bears and their habitat. In recent years, exploration and development activities have expanded east and west of the original oil fields of Prudhoe Bay. Hydrocarbon extraction is now occurring or planned along much of the central Beaufort Sea coast. As development continues into the National Petroleum Reserve, the scope of expansion could include 213 of the northern coastal region of Alaska. Industrial activities are a potential threat to polar bears, especially as they might disturb bears in maternal dens (Lentfer and Hensel 1980, Stirling 1990, Stirling and Andriashek 1992, Amstrup 1993, Amstrup and Gardner 1994). As the number of humans and their activities have increased in recent years, there has been a concurrent increase in the number of female polar bears deming on land (Amstrup and Gardner 1994). Therefore, the probability of disrupting maternal deming can be expected to increase in the future. Using FLIR surveys to detect bears in dens could reduce or eliminate that probability. The purpose of this manual is to provide agency and private sector land managers with the information necessary to perform effective FLIR surveys to detect maternal dens. A list of personnel who can provide additional information is provided in Appendix 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minerals Management Service ","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"York, G.S., Amstrup, S.C., and Simac, K.S., 2004, Using Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) imagery to detect polar bear maternal dens: Operations manual: BOEM MMS 2004-062, i, 57 p.","productDescription":"i, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341740,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/Alaska-Reports-2004/"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591eb2e4e4b0a7fdb4418ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"York, Geoffrey S.","contributorId":40467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185142,"text":"70185142 - 2004 - Using MODIS Terra 250 m imagery to map concentrations of total suspended matter in coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T12:31:44","indexId":"70185142","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using MODIS Terra 250 m imagery to map concentrations of total suspended matter in coastal waters","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.012","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., and McKee, B.A., 2004, Using MODIS Terra 250 m imagery to map concentrations of total suspended matter in coastal waters: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 93, no. 1-2, p. 259-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040084683","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","volume":"93","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d1e4b0849ce97c86ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Brent A.","contributorId":70711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198256,"text":"70198256 - 2004 - Preliminary geologic map of the Nevada and Arizona parts of the Mount Manchester quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-23T14:56:45","indexId":"70198256","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5690,"text":"Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2004-04","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Nevada and Arizona parts of the Mount Manchester quadrangle","docAbstract":"This map was prepared as part of the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","publisherLocation":"Reno, NV","usgsCitation":"House, K., Howard, K.A., Pearthree, P.A., and Bell, J.W., 2004, Preliminary geologic map of the Nevada and Arizona parts of the Mount Manchester quadrangle: Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report 2004-04, 26.5 x 25.5 inches.","productDescription":"26.5 x 25.5 inches","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.nbmg.unr.edu/Geol-map-Mt-Manchester-quad-p/of2004-04.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 37.142803443716836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -114.2138671875,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -114.2138671875,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 34.361576287484176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c9d3e4b0702d0e84672f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearthree, Philip A.","contributorId":17363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, John W.","contributorId":61411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188098,"text":"70188098 - 2004 - Seafloor habitat mapping and classification in Glacier Bay, Alaska: Phase 1 & 2 1996-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T11:29:26","indexId":"70188098","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Seafloor habitat mapping and classification in Glacier Bay, Alaska: Phase 1 & 2 1996-2004","docAbstract":"Glacier Bay is a diverse fjord ecosystem with multiple sills, numerous tidewater glaciers and a highly complex oceanographic system. The Bay was completely glaciated prior to the 1700’s and subsequently experienced the fastest glacial retreat recorded in historical times. Currently, some of the highest sedimentation rates ever observed occur in the Bay, along with rapid uplift (up to 2.5 cm/year) due to a combination of plate tectonics and isostatic rebound. Glacier Bay is the second deepest fjord in Alaska, with depths over 500 meters. This variety of physical processes and bathymetry creates many diverse habitats within a relatively small area (1,255 km2 ).
Habitat can be defined as the locality, including resources and environmental conditions, occupied by a species or population of organisms (Morrison et al 1992). Mapping and characterization of benthic habitat is crucial to an understanding of marine species and can serve a variety of purposes including: understanding species distributions and improving stock assessments, designing special management areas and marine protected areas, monitoring and protecting important habitats, and assessing habitat change due to natural or human impacts. In 1996, Congress recognized the importance of understanding benthic habitat for fisheries management by reauthorizing the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act and amending it with the Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA). This amendment emphasizes the importance of habitat protection to healthy fisheries and requires identification of essential fish habitat in management decisions. Recently, the National Park Service’s Ocean Stewardship Strategy identified the creation of benthic habitat maps and sediment maps as crucial components to complete basic ocean park resource inventories (Davis 2003).
Glacier Bay National Park managers currently have very limited knowledge about the bathymetry, sediment types, and various marine habitats of ecological importance in the Park. Ocean floor bathymetry and sediment type are the building blocks of marine communities. Bottom type and shape affects the kinds of benthic communities that develop in a particular environment as well as the oceanographic conditions that communities are subject to. Accurate mapping of the ocean floor is essential for park manager’s understanding of existing marine communities and will be important in assessing human induced changes (e.g., vessel traffic and commercial fishing), biological change (e.g., rapid sea otter recolonization), and geological processes of change (e.g., deglaciation). Information on animal-habitat relationships, particularly within a marine reserve framework, will be valuable to agencies making decisions about critical habitats, marine reserve design, as well as fishery management. Identification and mapping of benthic habitat provides National Park Service mangers with tools to increase the effectiveness of resource management.
The primary objective of this project is to investigate the geological characteristics of the biological habitats of halibut, Dungeness crab, king crab, and Tanner crab within Glacier Bay National Park. Additionally, habitat classification of shallow water regions of Glacier Bay will provide crucial information on the relationship between benthic habitat features and the abundance of benthic prey items for a variety of marine predators, including sea ducks, the rapidly increasing population of sea otters, and other marine mammals.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal aquifer management: Monitoring, modeling, and case studies","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., and Kindinger, J., 2004, Leaky coastal margins; examples of enhanced coastal groundwater and surface-water exchange from Tampa Bay and Crescent Beach submarine spring, Florida, USA, chap. of Coastal aquifer management: Monitoring, modeling, and case studies, p. 95-114.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Crescent Beach, Tampa 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L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184481,"text":"70184481 - 2004 - Comment on “Probabilistic risk analysis for a high-level radioactive waste repository” by B. L. Cohen in risk analysis, volume 23, 909–915","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:27:14","indexId":"70184481","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3300,"text":"Risk Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Probabilistic risk analysis for a high-level radioactive waste repository” by B. L. Cohen in risk analysis, volume 23, 909–915","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.537_1.x","usgsCitation":"Ewing, R., Palenik, C., and Konikow, L.F., 2004, Comment on “Probabilistic risk analysis for a high-level radioactive waste repository” by B. L. Cohen in risk analysis, volume 23, 909–915: Risk Analysis, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1417-1419, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.537_1.x.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"1417","endPage":"1419","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c93ee4b0f37a93ee9b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, R.C.","contributorId":82908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palenik, C.S.","contributorId":187781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palenik","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207566,"text":"70207566 - 2004 - Weathering of the meade peak phosphatic shale member, phosphoria formation: Observations based on uranium and its decay products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T14:23:49.313521","indexId":"70207566","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-24T11:57:18","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Weathering of the meade peak phosphatic shale member, phosphoria formation: Observations based on uranium and its decay products","docAbstract":"Variably weathered outcrop samples of the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation have 5-10% of the contained uranium (U) in a form readily extractable by 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate. Fission track radiography of outcrop samples and other less-weathered channel and core samples indicate that this mobile fraction of U is likely hosted by organic matter, secondary iron oxides and clay minerals, trace uraninite, and very fine-grained apatite cement. During weathering, this extractable U fraction is especially susceptible to redistribution, which produces small but measurable departures (1-15%) from radioactive (secular) equilibrium in the 238U decay-series. The most weath- ered samples show the strongest isotopic evidence for redistribution of U during the last 350 ka, but sequestration of U by alteration products limits open-system losses of U at the whole-rock scale. In less-weathered samples, isotopic evidence for minor U loss (or gain) over longer time periods (1 Ma) is consistent with relatively non-aggressive attack of phosphatic rock during weathering. Comparative extractability of selenium (Se) suggests that a larger fraction of Se (19%) is readily available for mobilization during the earliest stages of weathering.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80011-1","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Budahn, J.R., Grauch, R.I., Paces, J., and Simmons, K.R., 2004, Weathering of the meade peak phosphatic shale member, phosphoria formation: Observations based on uranium and its decay products, chap. 9 of Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry, v. 8, p. 227-250, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80011-1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paces, J. B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":115989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70486,"text":"ofr20041394 - 2004 - User's Guide for the MapImage Reprojection Software Package, Version 1.01","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:35","indexId":"ofr20041394","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1394","title":"User's Guide for the MapImage Reprojection Software Package, Version 1.01","docAbstract":"Scientists routinely accomplish small-scale geospatial modeling in the raster domain, using high-resolution datasets (such as 30-m data) for large parts of continents and low-resolution to high-resolution datasets for the entire globe. Recently, Usery and others (2003a) expanded on the previously limited empirical work with real geographic data by compiling and tabulating the accuracy of categorical areas in projected raster datasets of global extent. Geographers and applications programmers at the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Mid-Continent Mapping Center (MCMC) undertook an effort to expand and evolve an internal USGS software package, MapImage, or mapimg, for raster map projection transformation (Usery and others, 2003a).\r\n\r\nDaniel R. Steinwand of Science Applications International Corporation, Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center in Sioux Falls, S. Dak., originally developed mapimg for the USGS, basing it on the USGS's General Cartographic Transformation Package (GCTP). It operated as a command line program on the Unix operating system. Through efforts at MCMC, and in coordination with Mr. Steinwand, this program has been transformed from an application based on a command line into a software package based on a graphic user interface for Windows, Linux, and Unix machines.\r\n\r\nUsery and others (2003b) pointed out that many commercial software packages do not use exact projection equations and that even when exact projection equations are used, the software often results in error and sometimes does not complete the transformation for specific projections, at specific resampling resolutions, and for specific singularities. Direct implementation of point-to-point transformation with appropriate functions yields the variety of projections available in these software packages, but implementation with data other than points requires specific adaptation of the equations or prior preparation of the data to allow the transformation to succeed.\r\n\r\nAdditional constraints apply to global raster data. It appears that some packages use the USGS's GCTP or similar point transformations without adaptation to the specific characteristics of raster data (Usery and others, 2003b). It is most common for programs to compute transformations of raster data in an inverse fashion. Such mapping can result in an erroneous position and replicate data or create pixels not in the original space. As Usery and others (2003a) indicated, mapimg performs a corresponding forward transformation to ensure the same location results from both methods. The primary benefit of this function is to mask cells outside the domain.\r\n\r\nMapImage 1.01 is now on the Web. You can download the User's Guide, source, and\r\nbinaries from the following site:\r\nhttp://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/carto_research/projection/acc_proj_data.html","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041394","usgsCitation":"Finn, M.P., and Trent, J.R., 2004, User's Guide for the MapImage Reprojection Software Package, Version 1.01: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1394, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041394.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1394/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90524,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1394/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trent, Jason R.","contributorId":81187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trent","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207305,"text":"70207305 - 2004 - Adding nuclear to the mix","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T14:13:25","indexId":"70207305","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-16T14:06:16","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adding nuclear to the mix","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute ","usgsCitation":"Finch, W., 2004, Adding nuclear to the mix: Geotimes, v. 49, no. 9, p. 6-6.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200692,"text":"70200692 - 2004 - Book review: Earth’s magnetism in the age of sail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:58:24","indexId":"70200692","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-15T11:58:16","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Earth’s magnetism in the age of sail","docAbstract":"For many centuries, the source, behavior, and even the essential nature of geomagnetism were enigmatic. Despite this, the effect of geomagnetism was familiar, by imparting a directional preference on the magnetized needle of the compass and providing a useful, if somewhat annoyingly complicated, reference for navigators. Although the compass seems to have first been invented in China, it was the Europeans who made the most systematic early studies of magnetism, who made the first elaborate and practical usage of the compass, and who developed most of the early theories as to the cause of the compass needle’s north-seeking tendency. From the centuries of the Middle Ages, through the late 16th century of the Renaissance, to the 17th century of philosophical enlightenment and the 18th century of discovery, the subject of magnetism and, more specifically, geomagnetism, evolved from a hodgepodge of mystical beliefs into something that we can today recognize as the object of modern scientific pursuit. Those same centuries witnessed the great transoceanic sailing voyages undertaken by European nations for reasons of exploration, territorial claim, religious mission, and mercantile trade. Naturally, the navigator’s compass, and therefore geomagnetism, played an important role in these developments. This romantic intersection of science and history is the subject of Earth’s Magnetism in the Age of Sail, a pleasantly written and scholarly book by A.R.T. Jonkers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2004.05.004","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2004, Book review: Earth’s magnetism in the age of sail: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 147, no. 4, p. 354-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.05.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"364","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e7a1e4b034bf6a8004d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026836,"text":"70026836 - 2004 - Fluctuations in a metapopulation of nesting four-toed salamanders, Hemidactylium scutatum, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 1999-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T14:47:45.111938","indexId":"70026836","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluctuations in a metapopulation of nesting four-toed salamanders, Hemidactylium scutatum, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 1999-2003","docAbstract":"We tested two predictions associated with the hypothesis that certain populations of pond-breeding amphibians are structured into metapopulations using minimum relative abundance estimates of nesting four-toed salamanders (Hemidactylium scutatum Schlegel) from 11 different ponds in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Coefficients of variation (CV) for counts at individual ponds ranged from 0.25 to 1.26, and the overall mean CV at all 11 ponds was 0.34. Many pairs of ponds had negative correlations in abundance from 1999-2003, whereas others had various degrees of positive correlation (mean r = 0.29). Thus, nesting population size fluctuated semi-independently among the ponds from year to year, inferring the existence of inter-pond dispersal. The mean number of nesting females at a pond was negatively, but non-significantly, correlated (r = -0.27; P = 0.40; 10 d.f.) to the pond's isolation. Owing to physiological constraints on plethodontid salamander energetics, precipitation during the nesting season (February and March) appeared to play an important role (r = 0.78; P = 0.12; 4 d.f.) in the number of nesting females we observed. Unlike some other plethodontid salamander populations in more fragmented southern Appalachian forest ecosystems, this (meta)population within Great Smoky Mountains National Park does not appear to be declining.","language":"English","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Corser, J.D., and Dodd, C., 2004, Fluctuations in a metapopulation of nesting four-toed salamanders, Hemidactylium scutatum, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 1999-2003: Natural Areas Journal, v. 24, no. 2, p. 135-140.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.17398185354621,\n 35.50540729196901\n ],\n [\n -83.05229751494159,\n 35.578151935176834\n ],\n [\n -83.01008049950687,\n 35.66697240657403\n ],\n [\n -83.10196459192305,\n 35.80001799948488\n ],\n [\n -83.41238382305798,\n 35.76173978138246\n ],\n [\n -83.84697074664734,\n 35.68512807329439\n ],\n [\n -83.96368837755398,\n 35.62459312490516\n ],\n [\n -84.01583880838467,\n 35.54784968586078\n ],\n [\n -83.97113843910124,\n 35.48518873973454\n ],\n [\n -83.83703733125083,\n 35.43664345911945\n ],\n [\n -83.60111871558833,\n 35.41843142723067\n ],\n [\n -83.4744676692852,\n 35.44069001803544\n ],\n [\n -83.17398185354621,\n 35.50540729196901\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1266e4b0c8380cd542b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corser, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":59766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corser","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fundamentals of and applications to organic and organometallic compounds: The encyclopedia of mass spectrometry","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","isbn":"9780080438467","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., and Hostettler, F.D., 2004, Organic materials in geology, chap. of Fundamentals of and applications to organic and organometallic compounds: The encyclopedia of mass spectrometry, v. 4, p. 886-899.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"886","endPage":"899","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c9d3e4b0702d0e846733","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Nibbering, Nico","contributorId":207074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nibbering","given":"Nico","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742668,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206232,"text":"70206232 - 2004 - Inversion of data from electrical resistivity imaging surveys in water-covered areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T11:07:02","indexId":"70206232","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-06T10:56:02","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1612,"text":"Exploration Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inversion of data from electrical resistivity imaging surveys in water-covered areas","docAbstract":"Electrical resistivity imaging surveys widely used in many environmental and engineering studies have also been conducted in water-covered areas. Surveys in water-covered areas include conventional surveys using multi-electrode resistivity systems where part of the survey line crosses a river or stream, and surveys conducted entirely within a water-covered environment. Surveys that are located entirely within a water-covered environment utilise electrodes mounted on a streamer, towed behind a boat. The streamer can be dragged along the water bottom, or float on the water surface. In this paper, the smoothness-constrained least-squares inversion method commonly used to interpret electrical resistivity imaging data from land surveys is adapted for underwater surveys. To accommodate the water bottom topography, a distorted finite-element grid is used to calculate the apparent resistivity values for the inversion model. The first few rows of elements are used to model the water layer, while the lower part of the grid is used for the sub-bottom resistivity distribution. For robust inversion, the water column resistivity and geometry must be known accurately as a large proportion of the current flows through the water layer. The section of the Earth below the bottom surface is subdivided into a large number of rectangular cells. The water column resistivity and geometry in the earth model is fixed, and the inversion program attempts to determine the resistivity of the cells that would most accurately reproduce the observed resistivity measurements. Implementation of water column resistivity and geometric constraints is demonstrated using numerical simulations and field data. Examples of electrical resistivity imaging surveys conducted on and across water bodies including rivers and near-shore marine environments are shown.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1071/EG04266","usgsCitation":"Loke, M.H., and Lane, J., 2004, Inversion of data from electrical resistivity imaging surveys in water-covered areas: Exploration Geophysics, v. 35, no. 4, p. 266-271, https://doi.org/10.1071/EG04266.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loke, M. H.","contributorId":220040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loke","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70251446,"text":"70251446 - 2004 - Southeast Louisiana land loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T14:47:45.200004","indexId":"70251446","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-06T08:35:27","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Southeast Louisiana land loss","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Planning Protection and Restoration Act Program","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Southeast Louisiana land loss, 1 Plate: 30.00 x 30.00 inches.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 30.00 x 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":425570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://lacoast.gov/landloss/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.6558942363048,\n 30.44860689036298\n ],\n [\n -91.6558942363048,\n 28.824014366166864\n ],\n [\n -88.92489660852448,\n 28.824014366166864\n ],\n [\n -88.92489660852448,\n 30.44860689036298\n ],\n [\n -91.6558942363048,\n 30.44860689036298\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":894593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184592,"text":"70184592 - 2004 - Hydrogeology Journal in 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T12:37:53","indexId":"70184592","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology Journal in 2004","docAbstract":"Hydrogeology Journal continues to flourish. The increase in the size of our yearly volume attests to the success and growing international reputation of the journal. Until 2001, HJ produced about 600 printed pages each year. This number has steadily increased, and in 2005 and 2006, HJ will be allocated 800 pages per year by the publisher. Despite this good news, the journal is having some growing pains. Most pages in next year’s issues are already fully allocated with currently accepted articles and therefore, many accepted articles must now wait up to one year to appear in printed form. Clearly, this is not an acceptable situation for authors or readers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0418-1","usgsCitation":"Voss, C., Olcott, P., Schneider, R., and Watson, C., 2004, Hydrogeology Journal in 2004: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, no. 6, p. 611-612, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0418-1.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"611","endPage":"612","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0418-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c93ee4b0f37a93ee9b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford","contributorId":63150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olcott, Perry","contributorId":188041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olcott","given":"Perry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watson, Christine","contributorId":188042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239781,"text":"70239781 - 2004 - A viscoelastic damage model with applications to stable and unstable fracturing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T20:03:54.255891","indexId":"70239781","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-01T13:53:19","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A viscoelastic damage model with applications to stable and unstable fracturing","docAbstract":"A viscoelastic damage rheology model is presented that provides a generalization of Maxwell viscoelasticity to a non-linear continuum mechanics framework incorporating material degradation and recovery, transition from stable to unstable fracturing and gradual accumulation of non-reversible deformation. The model is a further development of the damage rheology framework of Lyakhovsky et al. for evolving effective elasticity. The framework provides a quantitative treatment for macroscopic effects of evolving distributed cracking with local density represented by an intensive state variable. The formulation, based on thermodynamic principles, leads to a system of kinetic equations for the evolution of damage. An effective viscosity inversely proportional to the rate of damage increase is introduced to account for gradual accumulation of irreversible deformation due to dissipative processes. A power-law relation between the damage variable and elastic moduli leads to a non-linear coupling between the rate of damage evolution and the damage variable itself. This allows the model to reproduce a transition from stable to unstable fracturing of brittle rocks and the Kaiser effect. 3-D numerical simulations based on the model formulation for homogeneous and heterogeneous materials account for the main features of rock behaviour under large strain. The model coefficients are constrained, using triaxial laboratory experiments with low-porosity Westerly granite and high-porosity Berea sandstone samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02452.x","usgsCitation":"Hamiel, Y., Liu, Y., Lyakhovsky, V., Ben-Zion, Y., and Lockner, D., 2004, A viscoelastic damage model with applications to stable and unstable fracturing: Geophysical Journal International, v. 159, no. 3, p. 1155-1165, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02452.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1155","endPage":"1165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamiel, Yariv","contributorId":301076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamiel","given":"Yariv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Yunfeng","contributorId":301077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Yunfeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyakhovsky, V.","contributorId":76492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyakhovsky","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ben-Zion, Yehuda","contributorId":195741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-Zion","given":"Yehuda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16177,"text":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Ca.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lockner, David 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":207888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70263364,"text":"70263364 - 2004 - Voxels as a representation of multiple-return Lidar data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T15:29:52.658354","indexId":"70263364","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-01T09:27:40","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Voxels as a representation of multiple-return Lidar data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountains of data, peak decisions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Stoker, J.M., 2004, Voxels as a representation of multiple-return Lidar data, in Mountains of data, peak decisions, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70263363,"text":"70263363 - 2004 - Landsat-7 definitive ephemeris: An independent verification of GeoCover-Ortho 1990 positional accuracy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T15:26:17.89962","indexId":"70263363","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-01T09:22:46","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat-7 definitive ephemeris: An independent verification of GeoCover-Ortho 1990 positional accuracy","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountains of data, peak decisions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Dykstra, J., and Storey, J.C., 2004, Landsat-7 definitive ephemeris: An independent verification of GeoCover-Ortho 1990 positional accuracy, in Mountains of data, peak decisions, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dykstra, Jon D.","contributorId":350689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dykstra","given":"Jon D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":926649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232 storey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":5333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"James","email":"storey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176651,"text":"70176651 - 2004 - VTM plots as evidence of historical change: Goldmine or landmine?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T12:59:33","indexId":"70176651","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VTM plots as evidence of historical change: Goldmine or landmine?","docAbstract":"VTM (Vegetation Type Map) plots comprise a huge data set on vegetation composition for many parts of California collected mostly between 1929 and 1935. Historical changes in vegetation have been inferred by sampling these areas many decades later and evaluating the changes in plant dominance. VTM plots can not be precisely relocated, and it has been assumed that errors resulting from this problem are inconsequential or can be eliminated by comparison with a composite of multiple contemporary plots. This study examines that assumption for southern California shrubland landscapes by comparing the differences in species composition between closely positioned VTM-sized plots. Comparing shrub species density in 400-m² plots separated by 30 m (center to center), I found that all species exhibited considerable differences in density even over this short distance. This patchiness in shrub distribution could lead to major errors in historical reconstructions from VTM plot data. Two methods are proposed for dealing with this problem. One is to collect multiple samples from the vicinity of the VTM plot and use the observed spatial variation to set bounds on the temporal changes required to represent significant historical change. The other is to look at broad landscape changes reflected in the averages observed in a large sampling of sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 2004, VTM plots as evidence of historical change: Goldmine or landmine?: Madroño, v. 51, no. 4, p. 372-378.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"378","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176653,"text":"70176653 - 2004 - Are diseases increasing in the ocean?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T13:10:59","indexId":"70176653","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":808,"text":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are diseases increasing in the ocean?","docAbstract":"Many factors (climate warming, pollution, harvesting, introduced species) can contribute to disease outbreaks in marine life. Concomitant increases in each of these makes it difficult to attribute recent changes in disease occurrence or severity to any one factor. For example, the increase in disease of Caribbean coral is postulated to be a result of climate change and introduction of terrestrial pathogens. Indirect evidence exists that (a) warming increased disease in turtles; (b) protection, pollution, and terrestrial pathogens increased mammal disease; (c) aquaculture increased disease in mollusks; and (d) release from overfished predators increased sea urchin disease. In contrast, fishing and pollution may have reduced disease in fishes. In other taxa (e.g., sea grasses, crustaceans, sharks), there is little evidence that disease has changed over time. The diversity of patterns suggests there are many ways that environmental change can interact with disease in the ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105704","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., Porter, J.W., and Ford, S.E., 2004, Are diseases increasing in the ocean?: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 35, p. 31-54, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105704.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c97e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, James W.","contributorId":174870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, Susan E.","contributorId":40115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58110,"text":"ofr20041376 - 2004 - Acceleration and volumetric strain generated by the Parkfield 2004 earthquake on the GEOS strong-motion array near Parkfield, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T19:38:33.25182","indexId":"ofr20041376","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1376","title":"Acceleration and volumetric strain generated by the Parkfield 2004 earthquake on the GEOS strong-motion array near Parkfield, CA","docAbstract":"An integrated array of 11 General Earthquake Observation System (GEOS) stations installed near Parkfield, CA provided on scale broad-band, wide-dynamic measurements of acceleration and volumetric strain of the Parkfield earthquake (M 6.0) of September 28, 2004. Three component measurements of acceleration were obtained at each of the stations. Measurements of collocated acceleration and volumetric strain were obtained at four of the stations. Measurements of velocity at most sites were on scale only for the initial P-wave arrival. When considered in the context of the extensive set of strong-motion recordings obtained on more than 40 analog stations by the California Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program (Shakal, et al., 2004 http://www.quake.ca.gov/cisn-edc) and those on the dense array of Spudich, et al, (1988), these recordings provide an unprecedented document of the nature of the near source strong motion generated by a M 6.0 earthquake. The data set reported herein provides the most extensive set of near field broad band wide dynamic range measurements of acceleration and volumetric strain for an earthquake as large as M 6 of which the authors are aware. As a result considerable interest has been expressed in these data. This report is intended to describe the data and facilitate its use to resolve a number of scientific and engineering questions concerning earthquake rupture processes and resultant near field motions and strains. This report provides a description of the array, its scientific objectives and the strong-motion recordings obtained of the main shock. The report provides copies of the uncorrected and corrected data. Copies of the inferred velocities, displacements, and Psuedo velocity response spectra are provided. Digital versions of these recordings are accessible with information available through the internet at several locations: the National Strong-Motion Program web site (http://agram.wr.usgs.gov/), the COSMOS Virtual Data Center Web site (http://www.cosmos-eq.org), and the CISN Engineering and Berkeley data centers (http://www.quake.ca.gov/cisn-edc). They are also accessible together with recordings on the GEOS Strong-motion Array near Parkfield, CA since its installation in 1987 through the USGS GEOS web site ( http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/GEOS).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041376","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R., Johnston, M.J., Dietel, C., Glassmoyer, G., Myren, D., and Stephens, C., 2004, Acceleration and volumetric strain generated by the Parkfield 2004 earthquake on the GEOS strong-motion array near Parkfield, CA (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1376, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041376.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391351,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69594.htm"},{"id":5720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1376/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.5861,\n 35.59\n ],\n [\n -120.1833,\n 35.59\n ],\n [\n -120.1833,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -120.5861,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -120.5861,\n 35.59\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Rodger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":96151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Rodger D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J.S.","contributorId":105171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietel, Christopher","contributorId":100855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietel","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glassmoyer, Gary","contributorId":28619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myren, Doug","contributorId":56920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myren","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, Christopher","contributorId":33582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}