An abundant supply of water is available to the Lake Erie Shore region in Pennsylvania. Lake i£rie furnishes an almost inexhaustible supply of water of satisfactory chemical quality. Small quantities of water are available from small streams in the area and from the ground. A satisfactory water supply is one of the factors that affect the economic growth of a region. Cities and towns must have adequate amounts of pure water for human consumption. Industries must have suitable water ih sufficient quantities for all purposes. In order to assure. success and economy, the development of water resources should be based on adequate knowledge of the quantity and quality of the water. As a nation, we can not afford to run the risk of dissipating our resources, especially in times of national emergency, by building projects that are not founded on sound engineering and adequate water-resources information. The purpose of this report is to summarize and interpret all available water-resources information for the Lake Erie Shore region in Pennsylvania. The report will be useful for initial guidance in the location or expansion of water facilities for defense and nondefense industries and the municipalities upon which they are dependent. It will also be useful in evaluating the adequacy of the Geological Survey's part of the basic research necessary to plan the orderly development of the water resources of the Lake Erie Shore region. Most of the data contained inthis report have been obtained'by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters, the Pennsylvania Department of Internal Affairs, and the Pennsylvania State Planning Board, Department of Commerce. The Pennsylv~nia Department of Health furnished information on water pollution. The report was prepared in the Water Resources Division of the U. S. Geological Survey b:y John W. Mangan (Surface Water). Donald W. VanTuyl (Ground Water). and Walter F. White, Jr. (Quality of Water), under the general direction of C. G. Paulsen, chief hydraulic engineer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir174","usgsCitation":"Mangan, J.W., Van Tuyl, D.W., and White, W.F., 1952, Water resources of the Lake Erie shore region in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 174, ii, 36 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir174.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0174/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0174/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f050b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, John William","contributorId":59015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Tuyl, Donald W.","contributorId":93886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Tuyl","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Walter F.","contributorId":52159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3238,"text":"cir183 - 1952 - Water resources of the Detroit area, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T16:24:28","indexId":"cir183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"183","title":"Water resources of the Detroit area, Michigan","docAbstract":"The water used for all purposes in the Detroit area is obtained from three sources: Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River, their tributary streams and inland lakes, and ground water. During 1950 Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River provided 2,896 million gallons per day (mgd), or 98.3 percent of the total usage of 2,949 mgd. Tributary streams and inland lakes supplied about 10 mgd, or 0.3 percent, and ground water contributed43 mgd, or 1.4 percent of the total. These rates of use represent the following percentages of the total supply available from each source: From Lake St. Clair and Detroit River, 2.5 percent; from tributary streams, 1.2 percent; from ground water, probably about 15 percent.
Of the above total usage, about 2,500 mgd was raw water that was drawn directly from the Detroit River by adjacent industrial plants, used for cooling, processing, and other similar purposes, and immediately returned to the river. Of the remaining 449 mgd, 383 mgd was drawn from Lake St. Clair by the Detroit Department of Water Supply and, after purification, was distributed for domestic and commercial use throughout Detroit and its environs; 23 mgd was obtained from additional surface stream supplies; and 43 mgd was derived from wells.
An abundant supply of raw water may be obtained from the Detroit River. The practicability of its utilization at any particular site is beyond the scope of this report.
The Detroit Department of Water Supply can supply potable water of good quality and in any reasonable quantity anywhere in the area which it serves. Throughout the remainder of the Detroit area the Detroit Department of Water Supply can supply any normal demand, if distribution and storage facilities are provided. In outlying areas where the main source of supply is ground water and tributary streams, the water is hard and contains greater amounts of dissolved solids.
There will be no serious shortage of water supplies at their source in the foreseeable future although local shortages owing to lack of adequate distribution systems will occur.
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The maximum discharge was 117,000 second-feet in West Branch Susquehanna River at Renovo, and the maximum in relation to drainage area was 2,100 second-feet per square mile from 11.4 square miles in Annin Creek near Turtle Point. The report also contains a table of flood-crest elevations.
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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1160","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1949, Part 5, Northwestern States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1160, v, 170 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1160.","productDescription":"v, 170 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25358,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1838,"text":"wsp1110C - 1952 - Quality of water, Conchas Reservoir, New Mexico, 1939-49","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:22","indexId":"wsp1110C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1110","chapter":"C","title":"Quality of water, Conchas Reservoir, New Mexico, 1939-49","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1110C","usgsCitation":"Hem, J.D., 1952, Quality of water, Conchas Reservoir, New Mexico, 1939-49: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1110, iv, 83-127 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1110C.","productDescription":"iv, 83-127 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27043,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ae4b07f02db651578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, John David","contributorId":42577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51198,"text":"ofr52168 - 1952 - Water levels in observation wells in Santa Barbara County, California, in 1950","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51198,"text":"ofr52168 - 1952 - Water levels in observation wells in Santa Barbara County, California, in 1950","indexId":"ofr52168","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Water levels in observation wells in Santa Barbara County, California, in 1950"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":801,"text":"wsp1170 - 1953 - Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 6, Southwestern States and Hawaii","indexId":"wsp1170","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 6, Southwestern States and Hawaii"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":801,"text":"wsp1170 - 1953 - Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 6, Southwestern States and Hawaii","indexId":"wsp1170","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 6, Southwestern States and Hawaii"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:28","indexId":"ofr52168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-168","title":"Water levels in observation wells in Santa Barbara County, California, in 1950","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52168","usgsCitation":"Wilson, H., 1952, Water levels in observation wells in Santa Barbara County, California, in 1950 (Superceded by: W-1170): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-168, 53 p., 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52168.","productDescription":"53 p., 1 plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Superceded by: W-1170","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, H.D. Jr.","contributorId":51370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"H.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51197,"text":"ofr52166 - 1952 - Ground-water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:28","indexId":"ofr52166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-166","title":"Ground-water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52166","usgsCitation":"Weigle, J., 1952, Ground-water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-166, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52166.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weigle, J.M.","contributorId":20400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51192,"text":"ofr52152 - 1952 - Summary of ground-water pumpage, recharge from Putah Creek, and fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Putah area, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51192,"text":"ofr52152 - 1952 - Summary of ground-water pumpage, recharge from Putah Creek, and fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Putah area, California","indexId":"ofr52152","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of ground-water pumpage, recharge from Putah Creek, and fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Putah area, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2809,"text":"wsp1464 - 1960 - Geology, water resources and usable ground-water storage capacity of part of Solano County, California","indexId":"wsp1464","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Geology, water resources and usable ground-water storage capacity of part of Solano County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2809,"text":"wsp1464 - 1960 - Geology, water resources and usable ground-water storage capacity of part of Solano County, California","indexId":"wsp1464","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Geology, water resources and usable ground-water storage capacity of part of Solano County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:28","indexId":"ofr52152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-152","title":"Summary of ground-water pumpage, recharge from Putah Creek, and fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Putah area, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52152","usgsCitation":"Thomasson, H., 1952, Summary of ground-water pumpage, recharge from Putah Creek, and fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Putah area, California (Superceded by: W-1464): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-152, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52152.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Superceded by: W-1464","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomasson, H.G.","contributorId":89214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomasson","given":"H.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51191,"text":"ofr52151 - 1952 - Determination of total evapotranspiration in Ashley Valley, Utah, by the inflow-outflow method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T12:47:38","indexId":"ofr52151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-151","title":"Determination of total evapotranspiration in Ashley Valley, Utah, by the inflow-outflow method","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr52151","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., and Wilson, M.T., 1952, Determination of total evapotranspiration in Ashley Valley, Utah, by the inflow-outflow method: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-151, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52151.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Ashley Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66753f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, M. T.","contributorId":102116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51188,"text":"ofr52148 - 1952 - Map of the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge - Ainsworth area, Nebraska, showing location of wells, depth to water, and contours of the water table","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51188,"text":"ofr52148 - 1952 - Map of the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge - Ainsworth area, Nebraska, showing location of wells, depth to water, and contours of the water table","indexId":"ofr52148","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Map of the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge - Ainsworth area, Nebraska, showing location of wells, depth to water, and contours of the water table"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1220,"text":"wsp1371 - 1956 - Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska","indexId":"wsp1371","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1220,"text":"wsp1371 - 1956 - Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska","indexId":"wsp1371","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:28","indexId":"ofr52148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-148","title":"Map of the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge - Ainsworth area, Nebraska, showing location of wells, depth to water, and contours of the water table","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52148","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G., 1952, Map of the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge - Ainsworth area, Nebraska, showing location of wells, depth to water, and contours of the water table (Superceded by: W-1371, Plate 1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-148, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52148.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Superceded by: W-1371, Plate 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, G.H.","contributorId":85158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51186,"text":"ofr52146 - 1952 - Geochemical relationships of water in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T10:53:37","indexId":"ofr52146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-146","title":"Geochemical relationships of water in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52146","usgsCitation":"Swenson, H.A., 1952, Geochemical relationships of water in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-146, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52146.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swenson, H. A.","contributorId":58618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51179,"text":"ofr52132 - 1952 - Reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Belle Fourche irrigation project, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr52132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-132","title":"Reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Belle Fourche irrigation project, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Belle Fourche irrigation project is in western South Dakota on the plains adjacent to the northeastern edge of the Black Hills. The project is drained by the Belle Fourche River and is characterized generally by broad shallow valleys that lie between hills with gentle slopes. The climate is semiarid. \r\n\r\nMost of the area is mantled by residual clay, terrace deposits, and alluvium. The terrace deposits contain much water and are the most permeable deposits in the project area. The alluvial deposits of the Belle Fourche River and of the creeks south of the river contain much sand and gravel and are relatively permeable. The alluvium of the creeks north of the river is predominantly clay and is only slightly permeable; it greatly resembles the residual clay of the weathered bedrock formations, which are mostly shale in this area. \r\n\r\nAlthough relatively abundant ground water is found in the unconsolidated materials above the bedrock formations, the ground water from the clayey deposits generally contains too great a concentration of objectionable salts to be fit for human or livestock consumption. The ground water in the more coarse materials is of better quality and in some small areas is satisfactory for domestic use. Most of the water for domestic use is hauled from deep artesian wells within the area.\r\n\r\nThe chief source of ground water is seepage from irrigation canals in the terrace and alluvial deposits. When this water moves to areas of lower permeability a correspondingly greater rise of the water table compensates for the lower permeability and results in the waterlogging of many areas. Open drainage ditches have been constructed in all large areas that are affected by high ground-water levels. Except in those areas that are underlain predominantly by clayey materials, these ditches usually have proven to be satisfactory for the control of ground-water levels. However, lining the canals seems to be a more satisfactory method of preventing the seepage that causes high ground-water levels. \r\n\r\nA detailed investigation should be made of ground-water conditions in the Belle Fourche project area. Additional observation wells should be installed so that the effectiveness of the ground-water control measures can be determined.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52132","usgsCitation":"Rosier, A.J., 1952, Reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Belle Fourche irrigation project, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-132, 34 p., 2 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52132.","productDescription":"34 p., 2 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86473,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0132/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86474,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6247dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosier, Arthur J.","contributorId":69537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosier","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57705,"text":"ofr52173 - 1952 - Preliminary total intensity aeromagnetic map of part of Cortaro quadrangle, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:24","indexId":"ofr52173","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-173","title":"Preliminary total intensity aeromagnetic map of part of Cortaro quadrangle, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52173","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Preliminary total intensity aeromagnetic map of part of Cortaro quadrangle, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-173, map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52173.","productDescription":"map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":88292,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0173/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.25,32.333333333333336 ], [ -111.25,32.5 ], [ -111,32.5 ], [ -111,32.333333333333336 ], [ -111.25,32.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2463,"text":"wsp1168 - 1952 - Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1950, Part 4, South-Central States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1168","title":"Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1950, Part 4, South-Central States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1168","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1952, Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1950, Part 4, South-Central States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1168, v, 165 p. :tables ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1168.","productDescription":"v, 165 p. :tables ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28539,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. G.","contributorId":96239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51181,"text":"ofr52139 - 1952 - Water supply of the United States Fish Culture Station, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr52139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-139","title":"Water supply of the United States Fish Culture Station, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52139","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., 1952, Water supply of the United States Fish Culture Station, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-139, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52139.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f007e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R.C.","contributorId":47799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}