This report was prepared in July 1950 at the request of the President's Water Resources Policy Commission. It followed the report entitled Water facts in relation to a national water-resources policy,\" which, in part, has been published as Geological Survey Circular 114 under the title \"The water situation in the United States, with special reference to ground water.''
\nThe only changes made in preparing this report for publication as a circular were revision of the sections on Idaho, Indiana, Massachusetts, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, and Texas, to bring them up to date.
\nThis report discusses some of the problems in the field of water law and summarizes briefly the laws providing for the acquiring, of water rights in the different States. The need for consideration of the subject is brought out in Circular 114. In that report it was pointed out that: (1) The use of water in the United States is increasing rapidly and undoubtedly will continue to do so; (2) ground water must meet a large and perhaps an increasing share of our water demands; (3) the full development of the water resources of ever more numerous and larger areas will require manipulation of stream systems and ground-water reservoirs to protect them from overdevelopment or pollution and to increase and maintain their yield of water of good quality; and (4) such manipulation, as well as the protection of existing rights, requires control of water use by means of hydrologically sound statutes.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir117","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C.L., 1951, Water law, with special reference to ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 117, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir117.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272590,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0117/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa01a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuinness, C. L.","contributorId":20313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinness","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3659,"text":"cir114 - 1951 - The water situation in the United States with special reference to ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:46:57","indexId":"cir114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"114","title":"The water situation in the United States with special reference to ground water","docAbstract":"
This report constitutes appendixes B and C of a report prepared in April 1950 by the Geological Survey at the request of the President’s Water Resources Policy Commission. The full report was entitled \"Water facts in relation to a national water-resources policy.” The brief text, entitled \"Water in relation to the national economy,” and appendix A, entitled \"A summary of the water situation in the United States, with special reference to ground water,” were drafted by A. M. Piper of the Geological Survey and are to be published separately, in slightly modified form, under his name.
This report discusses the occurrence of ground water in nature and its relation to surface water and to the national water picture as a whole, and it lists numerous existing water problems and discusses their solution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir114","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C.L., 1951, The water situation in the United States with special reference to ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 114, 138 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir114.","productDescription":"138 p.","numberOfPages":"294","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30700,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0114/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62edce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuinness, Charles Lee","contributorId":101249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinness","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3594,"text":"cir98 - 1951 - Trends in climate and in precipitation-runoff relation in Missouri River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:30:18","indexId":"cir98","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98","title":"Trends in climate and in precipitation-runoff relation in Missouri River Basin","docAbstract":"This report presents a study of trends in climate and in the relationship between precipitation and runoff in the Missouri River Basin for the period of available records. Long-term trends in annual precipitation are generally downward (or show a decline in precipitation) in the States of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, but seem to be indeterminate in the remainder of the basin. Long-term trends in mean annual temperature are generally upward (or show an increase in average temperature) for the entire basin. For the relatively short period of record available for study, trends in the precipitation-runoff relationship are found to exist for some basins draining the mountain ranges beginning usually about 1930, and indicate decreasing runoff yields under constant precipitation. The trends in the precipitation-runoff relationship are shown to be the result of concurrent trends in either or both temperature and groundwater outflow. A map of limiting annual water loss in the Missouri Basin is presented in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir98","usgsCitation":"Oltman, R.E., and Tracy, H., 1951, Trends in climate and in precipitation-runoff relation in Missouri River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 98, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir98.","productDescription":"113 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30627,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oltman, Roy E.","contributorId":88720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltman","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tracy, Hubert J.","contributorId":25925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"Hubert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3595,"text":"cir116 - 1951 - Index of surface-water records, part 6, Missouri River basin, to September 30, 1950","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"116","title":"Index of surface-water records, part 6, Missouri River basin, to September 30, 1950","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir116","usgsCitation":"Oltman, R., 1951, Index of surface-water records, part 6, Missouri River basin, to September 30, 1950: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 116, 49 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir116.","productDescription":"49 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30628,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oltman, R.E.","contributorId":51279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltman","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2849,"text":"wsp1110B - 1951 - Ground water in the Cuyama Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T10:51:02","indexId":"wsp1110B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1110","chapter":"B","title":"Ground water in the Cuyama Valley, California","docAbstract":"This is the fourth of a series of interpretive reports on the water resources of the major valleys of Santa Barbara County, Calif., prepared by the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, in cooperation with Santa Barbara County. The first three reports described the other major valleys in the county: the south-coast basins, Goleta and Carpinteria, and the Santa Maria and Santa Ynez River valleys. This report deals with the Cuyama Valley in the northeastern part of the county and adjoining parts of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and Ventura Counties. It includes estimates of natural discharge, pumpage, and yield of ground water, and all data on water levels, well records, and water quality that were available up to June 1946.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1110B","usgsCitation":"Upson, J., and Worts, G., 1951, Ground water in the Cuyama Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1110, Report: iv, 61 p.; 2 Plates: 17.00 x 13.54 inches and 20.50 x 16.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1110B.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 61 p.; 2 Plates: 17.00 x 13.54 inches and 20.50 x 16.26 inches","startPage":"21","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29436,"rank":298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":337159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110a/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"0.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of the Cuyama Valley and vicinity showing locations of observation wells, rain gages, and stream-gaging sites"},{"id":337160,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1110a/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"2.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of the Cuyama Valley, California, showing generalized geology and hydrologic features"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cuyama Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d9d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worts, George Frank","contributorId":100830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worts","given":"George Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":622,"text":"wsp1150 - 1951 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part X, The Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1150","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part X, The Great Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1150","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1951, Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part X, The Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1150, vii, 206 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1150.","productDescription":"vii, 206 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1150/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69669c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":630,"text":"wsp1148 - 1951 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1148","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1148","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1951, Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1148, ix, 375 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1148.","productDescription":"ix, 375 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25193,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":626,"text":"wsp1142 - 1951 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1142","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1142","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1951, Surface water supply of the United States, 1949, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1142, xi, 570 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1142.","productDescription":"xi, 570 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25189,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51052,"text":"ofr51153 - 1951 - Basic hydrologic data: Temperature of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr51153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-153","title":"Basic hydrologic data: Temperature of water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr51153","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1951, Basic hydrologic data: Temperature of water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-153, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr51153.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51004,"text":"ofr51106 - 1951 - Control of ground water in consolidated rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr51106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-106","title":"Control of ground water in consolidated rocks","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr51106","usgsCitation":"DeBuchananne, G., 1951, Control of ground water in consolidated rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-106, abstract only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr51106.","productDescription":"abstract only","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6882ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBuchananne, G.D.","contributorId":91166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBuchananne","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51005,"text":"ofr51107 - 1951 - Guides to the successful development and efficient use of ground-water aquifers as sources of water supply or as reservoirs for waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr51107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-107","title":"Guides to the successful development and efficient use of ground-water aquifers as sources of water supply or as reservoirs for waste disposal","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr51107","usgsCitation":"Ferris, J., 1951, Guides to the successful development and efficient use of ground-water aquifers as sources of water supply or as reservoirs for waste disposal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-107, 3 p., abstract only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr51107.","productDescription":"3 p., abstract only","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferris, J.G.","contributorId":12453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2848,"text":"wsp1107 - 1951 - Geology and water resources of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"wsp1107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1107","title":"Geology and water resources of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1107","usgsCitation":"Upson, J., and Thomasson, H., 1951, Geology and water resources of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1107, vii, 194 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1107.","productDescription":"vii, 194 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29428,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29429,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29430,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29431,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29432,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29433,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29434,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29435,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68405f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomasson, H.G. Jr.","contributorId":45694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomasson","given":"H.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51054,"text":"ofr51155 - 1951 - Ground-water resources of Baker Valley, Baker County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T16:22:40.063158","indexId":"ofr51155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-155","title":"Ground-water resources of Baker Valley, Baker County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Baker Valley is the southern part of a small oval-shaped inter-montane structural basin located near tie southeastern edge of the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. The Powder River enters and leaves the valley through narrow rock gorges. The alluviated basin floor at an altitude of about 3,400 feet is bounded by high, Alpine-type mountains on the west and by lover hilly ridges on the north, east, and south. Creeks descend across alluvial fans from the higher western margin of the valley to the Powder River on the valley floor.
The valley floor and the contiguous alluvial slopes are formed of unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age having a thickness of more than 700 feet in the central part of the valley. The surrounding higher lands are formed of consolidated rocks composed of volcanic flows, tuffs, and partly consolidated deposits of Tertiary age, and sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic roots of late Paleozoic age. The unconsolidated materials underlying the alluvial slopes are mostly fanglomerates - composed of partly consolidated angular rock fragments imbedded in assorted finer materials - and fine-grained sedimentary deposits having much inter-bedded gravel and sand along the valley floor.
The unconsolidated deposits contain a body of ground water, the upper surface of which is called the water table. The water table slopes down gradient approximately parallel to tile land surface. Variations in the general inclination of that water table indicate that drainage on different segments of the alluvial slope is influent and effluent to the ground water body. Yields from wells in the fanglomerate along the rest side of the valley are not large, but large yields are obtained from wells on the valley floor just north of Baker. Properly constructed test wells have not been drilled over much of the northern part of the valley floor.
The Tertiary rocks of both volcanic and sedimentary origin along the margin of the valley east of Baker contain some ground water under sufficient pressure to cause wells to flow at the surface, but generally those strata are not highly productive. Some water occurring along fault lines in these rocks has all abnormally high temperature.
The growing season in this area is short and the use of shallow water for irrigation may aid materially in securing the maximum returns of which the valley is capable.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr51155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Oregon State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Trauger, F., 1951, Ground-water resources of Baker Valley, Baker County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-155, Report: vii, 100 p.: 3 Plates: 27.48 x 28.17 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr51155.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 100 p.: 3 Plates: 27.48 x 28.17 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496868,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0155/plate-12-B.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496867,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0155/plate-12-A.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496866,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0155/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496865,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0155/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Baker County","otherGeospatial":"Baker Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-121.922236,45.649083],[-121.908267,45.654399],[-121.900858,45.662009],[-121.901855,45.670716],[-121.867167,45.693277],[-121.811304,45.706761],[-121.735104,45.694039],[-121.707358,45.694809],[-121.668362,45.705082],[-121.631167,45.704657],[-121.533106,45.726541],[-121.499153,45.720846],[-121.462849,45.701367],[-121.423592,45.69399],[-121.401739,45.692887],[-121.372574,45.703111],[-121.33777,45.704949],[-121.312198,45.699925],[-121.287323,45.687019],[-121.251183,45.67839],[-121.215779,45.671238],[-121.200367,45.649829],[-121.195233,45.629513],[-121.196556,45.616689],[-121.183841,45.606441],[-121.167852,45.606098],[-121.145534,45.607886],[-121.139483,45.611962],[-121.131953,45.609762],[-121.1222,45.616067],[-121.117052,45.618117],[-121.120064,45.623134],[-121.084933,45.647893],[-121.06437,45.652549],[-121.033582,45.650998],[-121.007449,45.653217],[-120.983478,45.648344],[-120.977978,45.649345],[-120.953077,45.656745],[-120.943977,45.656445],[-120.913476,45.640045],[-120.895575,45.642945],[-120.855674,45.671545],[-120.788872,45.686246],[-120.724171,45.706446],[-120.68937,45.715847],[-120.668869,45.730147],[-120.634968,45.745847],[-120.591166,45.746547],[-120.559465,45.738348],[-120.521964,45.709848],[-120.505863,45.700048],[-120.482362,45.694449],[-120.40396,45.699249],[-120.329057,45.71105],[-120.282156,45.72125],[-120.210754,45.725951],[-120.170453,45.761951],[-120.141352,45.773152],[-120.07015,45.785152],[-120.001148,45.811902],[-119.965744,45.824365],[-119.907461,45.828135],[-119.876144,45.834718],[-119.802655,45.84753],[-119.772927,45.845578],[-119.669877,45.856867],[-119.623393,45.905639],[-119.600549,45.919581],[-119.571584,45.925456],[-119.524632,45.908605],[-119.487829,45.906307],[-119.450256,45.917354],[-119.364396,45.921605],[-119.322509,45.933183],[-119.25715,45.939926],[-119.225745,45.932725],[-119.19553,45.92787],[-119.169496,45.927603],[-119.12612,45.932859],[-119.093221,45.942745],[-119.061462,45.958527],[-119.027056,45.969134],[-119.008558,45.97927],[-118.987129,45.999855],[-118.941242,46.000574],[-118.639332,46.000994],[-118.146028,46.000701],[-118.131019,46.00028],[-117.996911,46.000787],[-117.717852,45.999866],[-117.48013,45.99787],[-117.439943,45.998633],[-117.390738,45.998598],[-117.353928,45.996349],[-117.337668,45.998662],[-117.216731,45.998356],[-117.070047,45.99751],[-117.051304,45.996849],[-116.985882,45.996974],[-116.915989,45.995413],[-116.911409,45.988912],[-116.892935,45.974396],[-116.886843,45.958617],[-116.875706,45.945008],[-116.869655,45.923799],[-116.866544,45.916958],[-116.859795,45.907264],[-116.857254,45.904159],[-116.84355,45.892273],[-116.830003,45.886405],[-116.819182,45.880938],[-116.814142,45.877551],[-116.796051,45.858473],[-116.790151,45.849851],[-116.787792,45.844267],[-116.78752,45.840204],[-116.788923,45.836741],[-116.789066,45.833471],[-116.782676,45.825376],[-116.7634,45.81658],[-116.759787,45.816167],[-116.750978,45.818537],[-116.740486,45.82446],[-116.736268,45.826179],[-116.715527,45.826773],[-116.711822,45.826267],[-116.697192,45.820135],[-116.687007,45.806319],[-116.680139,45.79359],[-116.665344,45.781998],[-116.659629,45.780016],[-116.646342,45.779815],[-116.639641,45.781274],[-116.635814,45.783642],[-116.632032,45.784979],[-116.60504,45.781018],[-116.593004,45.778541],[-116.559444,45.755189],[-116.553548,45.753388],[-116.549085,45.752735],[-116.546643,45.750972],[-116.537173,45.737288],[-116.535698,45.734231],[-116.538014,45.714929],[-116.536395,45.69665],[-116.535396,45.691734],[-116.528272,45.681473],[-116.523961,45.677639],[-116.512326,45.670224],[-116.487894,45.649769],[-116.477452,45.631267],[-116.469813,45.620604],[-116.46517,45.617986],[-116.463504,45.615785],[-116.463635,45.602785],[-116.481943,45.577898],[-116.48297,45.577008],[-116.490279,45.574499],[-116.502756,45.566608],[-116.523638,45.54661],[-116.535482,45.525079],[-116.543837,45.514193],[-116.548676,45.510385],[-116.553473,45.499107],[-116.558804,45.481188],[-116.558803,45.480076],[-116.55498,45.472801],[-116.554829,45.46293],[-116.563985,45.460169],[-116.581382,45.448984],[-116.588195,45.44292],[-116.592416,45.427356],[-116.597447,45.41277],[-116.619057,45.39821],[-116.653252,45.351084],[-116.673793,45.321511],[-116.674648,45.314342],[-116.672594,45.298023],[-116.672163,45.288938],[-116.672733,45.283183],[-116.674493,45.276349],[-116.675587,45.274867],[-116.681013,45.27072],[-116.687027,45.267857],[-116.691388,45.263739],[-116.703607,45.239757],[-116.70975,45.217243],[-116.708546,45.207356],[-116.709536,45.203015],[-116.724205,45.171501],[-116.724188,45.162924],[-116.729607,45.142091],[-116.754643,45.113972],[-116.774847,45.105536],[-116.782492,45.09579],[-116.783537,45.093605],[-116.784244,45.088128],[-116.78371,45.076972],[-116.797329,45.060267],[-116.808576,45.050652],[-116.825133,45.03784],[-116.841314,45.030907],[-116.847944,45.022602],[-116.848037,45.021728],[-116.845847,45.01847],[-116.844796,45.015312],[-116.844625,45.001435],[-116.856754,44.984298],[-116.858313,44.978761],[-116.850737,44.958113],[-116.846461,44.951521],[-116.835702,44.940633],[-116.83199,44.933007],[-116.832176,44.931373],[-116.833632,44.928976],[-116.838467,44.923601],[-116.846061,44.905249],[-116.852427,44.887577],[-116.857038,44.880769],[-116.865338,44.870599],[-116.883598,44.858268],[-116.896249,44.84833],[-116.920498,44.81438],[-116.928099,44.808381],[-116.931099,44.804781],[-116.933699,44.798781],[-116.933799,44.796781],[-116.9307,44.789881],[-116.9318,44.787181],[-116.9347,44.783881],[-116.949001,44.777981],[-116.966801,44.775181],[-116.970902,44.773881],[-116.977802,44.767981],[-116.986502,44.762381],[-116.992003,44.759182],[-116.998903,44.756382],[-117.006045,44.756024],[-117.013802,44.756841],[-117.03827,44.748179],[-117.044217,44.74514],[-117.062273,44.727143],[-117.060454,44.721668],[-117.061799,44.706654],[-117.063824,44.703623],[-117.072221,44.700517],[-117.07912,44.692175],[-117.080772,44.684161],[-117.091223,44.668807],[-117.095868,44.664737],[-117.096791,44.657385],[-117.094968,44.652011],[-117.098221,44.640689],[-117.108231,44.62711],[-117.114754,44.624883],[-117.120522,44.614658],[-117.125267,44.593818],[-117.124754,44.583834],[-117.126009,44.581553],[-117.133963,44.57524],[-117.14248,44.57143],[-117.146032,44.568603],[-117.148255,44.564371],[-117.147934,44.562143],[-117.14293,44.557236],[-117.144161,44.545647],[-117.149242,44.536151],[-117.152406,44.531802],[-117.161033,44.525166],[-117.167187,44.523431],[-117.181583,44.52296],[-117.185386,44.519261],[-117.189759,44.513385],[-117.19163,44.509886],[-117.191329,44.506784],[-117.192494,44.503272],[-117.194317,44.499884],[-117.200237,44.492027],[-117.208936,44.485661],[-117.211148,44.485359],[-117.216372,44.48616],[-117.224104,44.483734],[-117.225076,44.482346],[-117.225932,44.479389],[-117.225758,44.477223],[-117.224445,44.473884],[-117.221548,44.470146],[-117.217015,44.459042],[-117.215573,44.453746],[-117.214637,44.44803],[-117.215072,44.427162],[-117.22698,44.405583],[-117.234835,44.399669],[-117.242675,44.396548],[-117.243027,44.390974],[-117.235117,44.373853],[-117.216911,44.360163],[-117.210587,44.357703],[-117.206962,44.355206],[-117.197339,44.347406],[-117.189769,44.336585],[-117.191546,44.329621],[-117.203323,44.313024],[-117.2055,44.311789],[-117.216795,44.308236],[-117.217843,44.30718],[-117.220069,44.301382],[-117.222451,44.298963],[-117.222647,44.297578],[-117.216974,44.288357],[-117.198147,44.273828],[-117.170342,44.25889],[-117.15706,44.25749],[-117.143394,44.258262],[-117.138523,44.25937],[-117.133984,44.262972],[-117.133104,44.264236],[-117.13253,44.267045],[-117.130904,44.269453],[-117.121037,44.277585],[-117.111617,44.280667],[-117.107673,44.280763],[-117.104208,44.27994],[-117.098531,44.275533],[-117.09457,44.270978],[-117.093578,44.269383],[-117.090933,44.260311],[-117.089503,44.258234],[-117.07835,44.249885],[-117.067284,44.24401],[-117.059352,44.237244],[-117.05651,44.230874],[-117.05303,44.229076],[-117.050057,44.22883],[-117.047062,44.229742],[-117.045513,44.232005],[-117.042283,44.242775],[-117.031862,44.248635],[-117.025277,44.248505],[-117.020231,44.246063],[-117.016921,44.245391],[-116.98687,44.245477],[-116.975905,44.242844],[-116.973542,44.23998],[-116.971958,44.235677],[-116.973945,44.225932],[-116.973701,44.208017],[-116.971675,44.197256],[-116.967259,44.194581],[-116.965498,44.194126],[-116.947591,44.191264],[-116.940534,44.19371],[-116.935443,44.193962],[-116.925392,44.191544],[-116.902752,44.179467],[-116.900103,44.176851],[-116.895757,44.171267],[-116.894083,44.160191],[-116.894309,44.158114],[-116.895931,44.154295],[-116.927688,44.109438],[-116.928306,44.107326],[-116.933704,44.100039],[-116.937835,44.096943],[-116.943132,44.09406],[-116.957009,44.091743],[-116.967203,44.090936],[-116.974253,44.088295],[-116.977351,44.085364],[-116.973185,44.049425],[-116.956246,44.042888],[-116.943361,44.035645],[-116.937342,44.029376],[-116.934727,44.023806],[-116.934485,44.021249],[-116.942944,43.987512],[-116.957527,43.972443],[-116.969842,43.967588],[-116.971436,43.964998],[-116.971835,43.962806],[-116.970241,43.958622],[-116.969245,43.957426],[-116.966256,43.955832],[-116.963666,43.952644],[-116.96247,43.928336],[-116.963666,43.921363],[-116.977332,43.905812],[-116.976024,43.895548],[-116.982347,43.86884],[-116.98294,43.86771],[-116.991415,43.863864],[-116.997391,43.864874],[-117.01077,43.862269],[-117.013954,43.859358],[-117.026871,43.832479],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.040906,41.99989],[-117.04891,41.998983],[-117.055402,41.99989],[-117.068613,42.000035],[-117.197798,42.00038],[-117.403613,41.99929],[-117.443062,41.999659],[-117.625973,41.998102],[-117.873467,41.998335],[-118.197189,41.996995],[-118.501002,41.995446],[-118.696409,41.991794],[-119.001022,41.993793],[-119.20828,41.993177],[-119.231876,41.994212],[-119.251033,41.993843],[-119.444598,41.995478],[-119.72573,41.996296],[-119.790087,41.997544],[-119.872929,41.997641],[-119.876054,41.997199],[-119.986678,41.995842],[-119.999168,41.99454],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-120.181563,41.994588],[-120.286424,41.993058],[-120.501069,41.993785],[-120.647173,41.993084],[-120.812279,41.994183],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-121.094926,41.994658],[-121.126093,41.99601],[-121.247616,41.997054],[-121.251099,41.99757],[-121.309981,41.997612],[-121.340517,41.99622],[-121.376101,41.997026],[-121.434977,41.997022],[-121.580865,41.998668],[-121.846712,42.00307],[-122.000319,42.003967],[-122.101922,42.005766],[-122.160438,42.007637],[-122.261127,42.007364],[-122.378193,42.009518],[-122.397984,42.008758],[-122.501135,42.00846],[-122.634739,42.004858],[-122.80008,42.004071],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-123.065655,42.004948],[-123.083956,42.005448],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.154908,42.008036],[-123.192361,42.005446],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.381776,41.999268],[-123.43477,42.001641],[-123.49883,42.000525],[-123.525245,42.001047],[-123.55256,42.000246],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.728156,41.997007],[-123.789295,41.996111],[-123.813992,41.995096],[-123.834208,41.996116],[-124.001188,41.996146],[-124.126194,41.996992],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-124.214213,42.005939],[-124.270464,42.045553],[-124.287374,42.046016],[-124.299649,42.051736],[-124.314289,42.067864],[-124.34101,42.092929],[-124.356229,42.114952],[-124.357122,42.118016],[-124.351535,42.129796],[-124.351784,42.134965],[-124.355696,42.141964],[-124.361563,42.143767],[-124.366028,42.152343],[-124.366832,42.15845],[-124.363389,42.158588],[-124.360318,42.162272],[-124.361009,42.180752],[-124.367751,42.188321],[-124.373175,42.190218],[-124.374949,42.193129],[-124.376215,42.196381],[-124.375553,42.20882],[-124.377762,42.218809],[-124.383633,42.22716],[-124.410982,42.250547],[-124.411534,42.254115],[-124.408514,42.260588],[-124.405148,42.278107],[-124.410556,42.307431],[-124.429288,42.331746],[-124.427222,42.33488],[-124.425554,42.351874],[-124.424066,42.377242],[-124.424863,42.395426],[-124.428068,42.420333],[-124.434882,42.434916],[-124.435105,42.440163],[-124.422038,42.461226],[-124.423084,42.478952],[-124.421381,42.491737],[-124.399065,42.539928],[-124.390664,42.566593],[-124.389977,42.574758],[-124.400918,42.597518],[-124.399421,42.618079],[-124.401177,42.627192],[-124.413119,42.657934],[-124.416774,42.661594],[-124.45074,42.675798],[-124.451484,42.677787],[-124.447487,42.68474],[-124.448418,42.689909],[-124.473864,42.732671],[-124.491679,42.741789],[-124.498473,42.741077],[-124.499122,42.738606],[-124.510017,42.734746],[-124.513368,42.735068],[-124.514669,42.736806],[-124.516236,42.753632],[-124.524439,42.789793],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.544179,42.822958],[-124.552441,42.840568],[-124.500141,42.917502],[-124.480938,42.951495],[-124.462619,42.99143],[-124.456918,43.000315],[-124.436198,43.071312],[-124.432236,43.097383],[-124.434451,43.115986],[-124.424113,43.126859],[-124.401726,43.184896],[-124.395302,43.211101],[-124.395607,43.223908],[-124.38246,43.270167],[-124.388891,43.290523],[-124.393988,43.29926],[-124.400404,43.302121],[-124.402814,43.305872],[-124.387642,43.325968],[-124.373037,43.338953],[-124.353332,43.342667],[-124.341587,43.351337],[-124.315012,43.388389],[-124.286896,43.436296],[-124.255609,43.502172],[-124.233534,43.55713],[-124.203028,43.667825],[-124.204888,43.673976],[-124.198275,43.689481],[-124.193455,43.706085],[-124.168392,43.808903],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-124.142704,43.958182],[-124.133547,44.035845],[-124.122406,44.104442],[-124.125824,44.12613],[-124.117006,44.171913],[-124.114424,44.198164],[-124.115671,44.206554],[-124.111054,44.235071],[-124.108945,44.265475],[-124.109744,44.270597],[-124.114869,44.272721],[-124.115953,44.274641],[-124.1152,44.286486],[-124.10907,44.303707],[-124.108088,44.309926],[-124.109556,44.314545],[-124.100587,44.331926],[-124.092101,44.370388],[-124.084401,44.415611],[-124.080989,44.419728],[-124.071706,44.423662],[-124.067569,44.428582],[-124.073941,44.434481],[-124.079301,44.430863],[-124.082113,44.441518],[-124.082061,44.478171],[-124.084429,44.486927],[-124.083601,44.501123],[-124.076387,44.531214],[-124.067251,44.60804],[-124.06914,44.612979],[-124.082326,44.608861],[-124.084476,44.611056],[-124.065202,44.622445],[-124.065008,44.632504],[-124.058281,44.658866],[-124.060043,44.669361],[-124.070394,44.683514],[-124.063406,44.703177],[-124.059077,44.737656],[-124.066325,44.762671],[-124.075473,44.771403],[-124.074066,44.798107],[-124.066746,44.831191],[-124.063155,44.835333],[-124.054151,44.838233],[-124.048814,44.850007],[-124.032296,44.900809],[-124.025136,44.928175],[-124.025678,44.936542],[-124.023834,44.949825],[-124.015243,44.982904],[-124.004386,45.046197],[-124.004668,45.048167],[-124.00977,45.047266],[-124.017991,45.049808],[-124.015851,45.064759],[-124.012163,45.076921],[-124.006057,45.084736],[-124.004863,45.084232],[-123.989529,45.094045],[-123.975425,45.145476],[-123.968187,45.201217],[-123.972919,45.216784],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.964169,45.317026],[-123.972899,45.33689],[-123.978671,45.338854],[-124.007756,45.336813],[-124.007494,45.33974],[-123.979715,45.347724],[-123.973398,45.354791],[-123.965728,45.386242],[-123.960557,45.430778],[-123.964074,45.449112],[-123.972953,45.467513],[-123.976544,45.489733],[-123.970794,45.493507],[-123.96634,45.493417],[-123.957568,45.510399],[-123.947556,45.564878],[-123.956711,45.571303],[-123.951246,45.585775],[-123.939005,45.661923],[-123.939448,45.708795],[-123.943121,45.727031],[-123.946027,45.733249],[-123.968563,45.757019],[-123.982578,45.761815],[-123.981864,45.768285],[-123.969459,45.782371],[-123.961544,45.837101],[-123.962736,45.869974],[-123.96763,45.907807],[-123.979501,45.930389],[-123.99304,45.938842],[-123.993703,45.946431],[-123.969991,45.969139],[-123.957438,45.974469],[-123.941831,45.97566],[-123.937471,45.977306],[-123.927891,46.009564],[-123.92933,46.041978],[-123.933366,46.071672],[-123.947531,46.116131],[-123.95919,46.141675],[-123.974124,46.168798],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-124.010344,46.223514],[-124.024305,46.229256],[-124.011355,46.236223],[-124.001998,46.237316],[-123.998052,46.235327],[-123.988429,46.224132],[-123.990117,46.21763],[-123.987196,46.211521],[-123.982149,46.209662],[-123.961739,46.207916],[-123.950148,46.204097],[-123.927038,46.191617],[-123.912405,46.17945],[-123.9042,46.169293],[-123.891186,46.164778],[-123.854801,46.157342],[-123.842849,46.160529],[-123.841521,46.169824],[-123.863347,46.18235],[-123.866643,46.187674],[-123.864209,46.189527],[-123.838801,46.192211],[-123.821834,46.190293],[-123.793936,46.196283],[-123.759976,46.2073],[-123.736747,46.200687],[-123.71278,46.198751],[-123.706667,46.199665],[-123.67538,46.212401],[-123.673831,46.215418],[-123.666751,46.218228],[-123.65539,46.217974],[-123.636474,46.214359],[-123.6325,46.216681],[-123.626247,46.226434],[-123.625219,46.233868],[-123.622812,46.23664],[-123.613459,46.239228],[-123.605487,46.2393],[-123.60019,46.234814],[-123.586205,46.228654],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-123.547659,46.259109],[-123.538092,46.26061],[-123.526391,46.263404],[-123.501245,46.271004],[-123.479644,46.269131],[-123.474844,46.267831],[-123.468743,46.264531],[-123.447592,46.249832],[-123.427629,46.229348],[-123.430847,46.181827],[-123.371433,46.146372],[-123.332335,46.146132],[-123.301034,46.144632],[-123.280166,46.144843],[-123.251233,46.156452],[-123.231196,46.16615],[-123.166414,46.188973],[-123.115904,46.185268],[-123.105021,46.177676],[-123.051064,46.153599],[-123.041297,46.146351],[-123.03382,46.144336],[-123.022147,46.13911],[-123.009436,46.136043],[-123.004233,46.133823],[-122.962681,46.104817],[-122.904119,46.083734],[-122.884478,46.06028],[-122.878092,46.031281],[-122.856158,46.014469],[-122.837638,45.98082],[-122.813998,45.960984],[-122.806193,45.932416],[-122.81151,45.912725],[-122.798091,45.884333],[-122.785026,45.867699],[-122.785696,45.844216],[-122.795963,45.825024],[-122.795605,45.81],[-122.769532,45.780583],[-122.761451,45.759163],[-122.760108,45.734413],[-122.772511,45.699637],[-122.774511,45.680437],[-122.76381,45.657138],[-122.738109,45.644138],[-122.713309,45.637438],[-122.691008,45.624739],[-122.675008,45.618039],[-122.643907,45.609739],[-122.602606,45.607639],[-122.581406,45.60394],[-122.548149,45.596768],[-122.523668,45.589632],[-122.492259,45.583281],[-122.479315,45.579761],[-122.474659,45.578305],[-122.453891,45.567313],[-122.438674,45.563585],[-122.410706,45.567633],[-122.391802,45.574541],[-122.380302,45.575941],[-122.352802,45.569441],[-122.331502,45.548241],[-122.294901,45.543541],[-122.266701,45.543841],[-122.262625,45.544321],[-122.248993,45.547745],[-122.2017,45.564141],[-122.183695,45.577696],[-122.14075,45.584508],[-122.112356,45.581409],[-122.101675,45.583516],[-122.044374,45.609516],[-122.022571,45.615151],[-122.00369,45.61593],[-121.983038,45.622812],[-121.963547,45.632784],[-121.955734,45.643559],[-121.951838,45.644951],[-121.935149,45.644169],[-121.922236,45.649083]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oregon\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d8c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trauger, F.D.","contributorId":102520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trauger","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3891,"text":"cir122 - 1951 - Index of surface-water records, part 2, South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, to September 30, 1950","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"cir122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"122","title":"Index of surface-water records, part 2, South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, to September 30, 1950","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir122","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1951, Index of surface-water records, part 2, South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, to September 30, 1950: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 122, 20 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir122.","productDescription":"20 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30981,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2a22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2419,"text":"wsp1137A - 1951 - Missouri River basin floods of April-May 1950 in North and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:26:19.13412","indexId":"wsp1137A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"A","title":"Missouri River basin floods of April-May 1950 in North and South Dakota","docAbstract":"In area coverage and magnitude of peak discharge the floods of April-May 1950 in the Missouri River Basin in North and South Dakota were unprecedented in the area. These floods were characterized by an extremely late spring breakup of ice, by great flood peaks resulting from snow melt, and by two separate floods in the James River Valley in less than a month.
\nThe primary cause of the floods was the rapid melting of the season's great accumulation of snow, one of the deepest on record. In the period between the normal spring breakup time and the actual breakup of river ice, considerably more snow accumulated. Some of this was melted by a few warm days and the melt was stored as water behind snow barriers in upland watercourses. A sudden increase in temperature beginning April 13 and lasting until most of the snow had been converted into runoff resulted in rapid rise of flood waters.
\nTributary flood waters made the Missouri River from Mobridge to Yankton, S. Dak., rise to near the maximum recorded discharge. At Sioux City, Iowa, the 1950 flood peak-discharge exceeded any previously recorded by the Geological Survey.
\nThe center of the flooded area west of the Missouri River lay in the Cannonball River Basin which had the greatest water content of snow on the ground just before the ice broke up Floods north and south of this area were relatively less intense. Scattered records of the Cannonball River and a study of newspaper accounts and other information show that the flood of 1950 was greatest since the area was settled. Flooding of the James River at Jamestown was the greatest since 1897, and the floods of April and May 1950 were of nearly the same stage.
\nItemized flood damages were made by Federal and State agencies, and relief was sent to the area by the Department of the Army and the American National Red Cross.
\nData include records of stage and discharge at 54 gaging stations for the period of flood, a summary of peak discharges and comparative data for past and present maxima, a table of crest stages, and weather associated with the 1950 flood.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Floods of 1950 (Water Supply Paper 1137)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137A","usgsCitation":"Oltman, R.E., 1951, Missouri River basin floods of April-May 1950 in North and South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, v, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137A.","productDescription":"v, 114 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28428,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394622,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24225.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.230859,48.960891],[-97.232319,48.950501],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.218666,48.931781],[-97.219095,48.922078],[-97.210809,48.91395],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.198857,48.899831],[-97.198857,48.882215],[-97.185738,48.87222],[-97.187362,48.867598],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.180366,48.834365],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.165624,48.809627],[-97.163535,48.79507],[-97.158102,48.791145],[-97.155223,48.775499],[-97.147478,48.766033],[-97.151289,48.757428],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.135588,48.726403],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.097337,48.685186],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.111179,48.644525],[-97.109515,48.631453],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.124033,48.623267],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.131448,48.613998],[-97.136145,48.613256],[-97.143931,48.594594],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.148429,48.581028],[-97.151638,48.56763],[-97.157402,48.565921],[-97.158762,48.560112],[-97.152211,48.553933],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.143869,48.48293],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.132622,48.456482],[-97.137689,48.444247],[-97.13497,48.436337],[-97.139296,48.432011],[-97.1356,48.426524],[-97.142457,48.416727],[-97.138343,48.415944],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.147356,48.368723],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.137822,48.352003],[-97.137904,48.344585],[-97.131722,48.341123],[-97.134772,48.328677],[-97.127766,48.326781],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.131921,48.312728],[-97.122296,48.301388],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.116717,48.281246],[-97.131921,48.266023],[-97.127146,48.260874],[-97.127967,48.251474],[-97.138033,48.246236],[-97.135617,48.238988],[-97.140815,48.232032],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.137407,48.215245],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.138911,48.155304],[-97.142133,48.144981],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.120592,48.113365],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.109535,48.104723],[-97.104872,48.097851],[-97.105616,48.091362],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.103052,48.071669],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.068711,48.027694],[-97.070654,48.016918],[-97.063012,48.013179],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.053089,47.990252],[-97.059153,47.97538],[-97.057153,47.97048],[-97.061554,47.96588],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.017254,47.913078],[-97.015054,47.907178],[-97.023555,47.908478],[-97.020255,47.902178],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.018955,47.891078],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.019355,47.880278],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.005857,47.865277],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.95786,47.792021],[-96.96535,47.784937],[-96.956501,47.779798],[-96.956635,47.776188],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.934209,47.754517],[-96.929051,47.750331],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.919131,47.724731],[-96.92348,47.719809],[-96.915242,47.702369],[-96.907604,47.695119],[-96.908928,47.688722],[-96.900264,47.690775],[-96.896724,47.674758],[-96.885573,47.663443],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.882882,47.650168],[-96.882857,47.641714],[-96.888166,47.63973],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.870871,47.618042],[-96.874078,47.614774],[-96.857112,47.61076],[-96.851964,47.591469],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.859153,47.566355],[-96.858002,47.556578],[-96.853755,47.552497],[-96.855092,47.53731],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.863245,47.517266],[-96.854204,47.514368],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.851844,47.49939],[-96.85853,47.490889],[-96.854996,47.479618],[-96.859555,47.466865],[-96.856811,47.46319],[-96.859581,47.4587],[-96.858721,47.426129],[-96.864261,47.419539],[-96.84511,47.400483],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.852676,47.374973],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852226,47.367291],[-96.844298,47.356021],[-96.844012,47.346182],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.83852,47.33238],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.842531,47.312418],[-96.837045,47.311391],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.84022,47.276981],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.839761,47.268767],[-96.841672,47.258164],[-96.835368,47.250428],[-96.838233,47.241831],[-96.833362,47.23505],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.832789,47.203911],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.83126,47.191781],[-96.831451,47.185572],[-96.826676,47.181561],[-96.829446,47.177262],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.822707,47.157668],[-96.83126,47.1509],[-96.832407,47.143736],[-96.824476,47.127188],[-96.827726,47.121481],[-96.821189,47.115723],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.819479,47.078181],[-96.823715,47.071717],[-96.821327,47.06293],[-96.824097,47.061497],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.818843,47.034179],[-96.821422,47.032842],[-96.818557,47.02778],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.834603,47.007721],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.819558,46.967453],[-96.79931,46.964118],[-96.799358,46.947355],[-96.792863,46.946018],[-96.791621,46.931213],[-96.785126,46.925769],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.759528,46.925769],[-96.765657,46.905063],[-96.770458,46.906763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.780358,46.880163],[-96.782881,46.86459],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.789377,46.833166],[-96.787275,46.829059],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.802013,46.812464],[-96.796488,46.808709],[-96.796992,46.791572],[-96.784983,46.768788],[-96.783646,46.762579],[-96.787466,46.758472],[-96.783646,46.753123],[-96.784601,46.743094],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.791204,46.703747],[-96.784205,46.686768],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.791096,46.633155],[-96.774954,46.614625],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.766596,46.597957],[-96.756949,46.583534],[-96.752746,46.58277],[-96.7516,46.576371],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.736147,46.513478],[-96.73627,46.48138],[-96.72156,46.472115],[-96.714861,46.459132],[-96.718551,46.451913],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.709095,46.435294],[-96.696583,46.415617],[-96.678507,46.404823],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.645959,46.353532],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.620454,46.341346],[-96.601048,46.331139],[-96.598399,46.314482],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.595509,46.276689],[-96.59887,46.26069],[-96.590369,46.249515],[-96.598119,46.243112],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.583582,46.201047],[-96.587694,46.195262],[-96.587599,46.180075],[-96.577952,46.165843],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.570023,46.123756],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.566295,46.051416],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.574264,46.016545],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.562135,45.947718],[-96.566562,45.916931],[-96.56442,45.909415],[-96.574667,45.866816],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.596704,45.811801],[-96.612512,45.794442],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.745487,45.488712],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.599182,43.496011],[-96.586274,43.491099],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.587929,43.464878],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.522203,43.371947],[-96.527223,43.362257],[-96.52551,43.348335],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.525564,43.312467],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.553217,43.259141],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.520961,43.21824],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.470626,43.207225],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.465146,43.182971],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.459978,43.143516],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.439335,43.113916],[-96.462855,43.091419],[-96.454088,43.084197],[-96.46085,43.064033],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.488839,43.051475],[-96.508916,43.049985],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.509145,43.037297],[-96.511804,43.025799],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.496699,42.998807],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.506148,42.971348],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.509472,42.945151],[-96.519994,42.93976],[-96.516888,42.932512],[-96.523513,42.935784],[-96.541098,42.924496],[-96.536564,42.905656],[-96.542473,42.90504],[-96.526563,42.893755],[-96.52774,42.890588],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.550469,42.863742],[-96.546556,42.857273],[-96.54379,42.858254],[-96.544321,42.851282],[-96.553772,42.847501],[-96.551285,42.836606],[-96.558584,42.839487],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.579772,42.838093],[-96.58238,42.833657],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.584488,42.818979],[-96.594983,42.815844],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.592155,42.809924],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.603784,42.78372],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.633168,42.768325],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.621235,42.758084],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.639704,42.737071],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.626317,42.725951],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.630617,42.70588],[-96.612061,42.695688],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.574064,42.67801],[-96.578148,42.672765],[-96.572261,42.670776],[-96.568078,42.676241],[-96.556244,42.664396],[-96.559962,42.658543],[-96.543698,42.661377],[-96.537877,42.655431],[-96.538468,42.648092],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.530896,42.617129],[-96.529894,42.610432],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.501434,42.59061],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.485937,42.573524],[-96.497186,42.571464],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.479009,42.526395],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.711312,42.617375],[-96.689083,42.644081],[-96.686982,42.649783],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.806219,42.704149],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.960866,42.739089],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.21783,42.827766],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.237868,42.853139],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.146933,42.839823],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.24982,42.871843],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.447047,42.935117],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.039681,44.998041],[-104.045443,45.94531]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oltman, Roy Edwin","contributorId":101635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltman","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217844,"text":"70217844 - 1951 - Discussion of “a comparison of several heat and mass transfer networks of interest in water conservation”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T18:56:52.606321","indexId":"70217844","displayToPublicDate":"1953-12-01T12:52:35","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of “a comparison of several heat and mass transfer networks of interest in water conservation”","docAbstract":"The use of electrical networks to describe heat‐ and mass‐transfer problems is an interesting concept and undoubtedly will be of considerable value in future water‐loss investigations, provided the processes involved can be represented, electrically, with sufficient accuracy.
Although it is true that errors in measurement of water‐surface temperature may arise when there are steep gradients in the fluid, such a temperature profile will not be associated with high evaporation rates, as implied by Poppendiek and Tribus. High evaporation is associated with appreciable wind and a resultant stirring or mixing of the upper part of the fluid. Hence the possibility of making large errors in water‐surface temperature measurements during periods of high evaporation rates are minimized. The results of the first three months of operation at Lake Hefner, Oklahoma City, Okla. [Anderson, Anderson, and Marciano, 1950] indicate that any error in evaporation computed from either the mass‐transfer or the energy‐budget equations due to errors in the measurement of the water‐surface temperature are insignificant when total evaporation over a 24‐hour period is considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR032i006p00931","usgsCitation":"Anderson, E.R., Marciano, J.J., Harbeck, G.E., Poppendiek, H.F., and Tribus, M., 1951, Discussion of “a comparison of several heat and mass transfer networks of interest in water conservation”: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 32, no. 6, p. 931-932, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR032i006p00931.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"932","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Ernest R.","contributorId":187616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marciano, J. J.","contributorId":248798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marciano","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harbeck, G. E. Jr.","contributorId":37794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbeck","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poppendiek, H. F.","contributorId":248799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poppendiek","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tribus, M.","contributorId":248800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tribus","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70221626,"text":"70221626 - 1951 - Geologic history of sea water: An attempt to state the problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T16:48:53.505239","indexId":"70221626","displayToPublicDate":"1951-10-01T11:46:04","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of sea water: An attempt to state the problem","docAbstract":"Paleontology and biochemistry together may yield fairly definite information, eventually, about the paleochemistry of sea water and atmosphere. Several less conclusive lines of evidence now available suggest that the composition of both sea water and atmosphere may have varied somewhat during the past; but the geologic record indicates that these variations have probably been within relatively narrow limits. A primary problem is how conditions could have remained so nearly constant for so long.
It is clear, even from inadequate data on the quantities and compositions of ancient sediments, that the more volatile materials—H2O, CO2, Cl, N, and S— are much too abundant in the present atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere and in ancient sediments to be explained, like the commoner rock-forming oxides, as the products of rock weathering alone. If the earth were once entirely gaseous or molten, these “excess” volatiles may be residual from a primitive atmosphere. But if so, certain corollaries should follow about the quantity of water dissolved in the molten earth and the expected chemical effects of a highly acid, primitive ocean. These corollaries appear to be contradicted by the geologic record, and doubt is therefore cast on this hypothesis of a dense primitive atmosphere. It seems more probable that only a small fraction of the total “excess” volatiles was ever present at one time in the early atmosphere and ocean.
Carbon plays a significant part in the chemistry of sea water and in the realm of living matter. The amount now buried as carbonates and organic carbon in sedimentary rocks is about 600 times as great as that in today's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. If only 1/100 of this buried carbon were suddenly added to the present atmosphere and ocean, many species of marine organisms would probably be exterminated. Furthermore, unless CO2 is being added continuously to the atmosphere-ocean system from some source other than rock weathering, the present rate of its subtraction by sedimentation would, in only a few million years, cause brucite to take the place of calcite as a common marine sediment. Apparently, the geologic record shows no evidence of such simultaneous extinctions of many species nor such deposits of brucite. Evidently the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and ocean has remained relatively constant throughout much of the geologic past. This calls for some source of gradual and continuous supply, over and above that from rock weathering and from the metamorphism of older sedimentary rocks.
A clue to this source is afforded by the relative amounts of the different “excess” volatiles. These are similar to the relative amounts of the same materials in gases escaping from volcanoes, fumaroles, and hot springs and in gases occluded in igneous rocks. Conceivably, therefore, the hydrosphere and atmosphere may have come almost entirely from such plutonic gases. During the crystallization of magmas, volatiles such as H2O and CO2 accumulate in the remaining melt and are largely expelled as part of the final fractions. Volcanic eruptions and lava flows have brought volatiles to the earth's surface throughout the geologic past; but intrusive rocks are probably a much more adequate source of the constituents of the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Judged by the thermal springs of the United States, hot springs (carrying only 1 per cent or less of juvenile matter) may be the principal channels by which the “excess” volatiles have escaped from cooling magmas below.
This mechanism fails to account for a continuous supply of volatiles unless it also provides for a continuous generation of new, volatile-rich magmas. Possibly such local magmas form by a continuous process of selective fusion of subcrustal rocks, to a depth of several hundred kilometers below the more mobile areas of the crust. This would imply that the volume of the ocean has grown with time. On this point, geologic evidence permits differences of interpretation; the record admittedly does not prove, but it seems consistent with, an increasing growth of the continental masses and a progressive sinking of oceanic basins. Perhaps something like the following mechanism could account for a continuous escape of volatiles to the earth's surface and a relatively uniform composition of sea water through much of geologic time: (1) selective fusion of lower-melting fractions from deep-seated, nearly anhydrous rocks beneath the unstable continental margins and geosynclines; (2) rise of these selected fractions (as granitic and hydrous magmas) and their slow crystallization nearer the surface; (3) essentially continuous isostatic readjustment between the differentiating continental masses and adjacent ocean basins; and (4) renewed erosion and sedimentation, with resulting instability of continental margins and mountainous areas and a new round of selective fusion below.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1951)62[1111:GHOSW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rubey, W.W., 1951, Geologic history of sea water: An attempt to state the problem: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 62, no. 9, p. 1111-1148, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1951)62[1111:GHOSW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1148","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubey, William W.","contributorId":16899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221623,"text":"70221623 - 1951 - Report of the Committee on Ground Water, 1949–1950","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T16:28:03.867456","indexId":"70221623","displayToPublicDate":"1951-10-01T11:25:08","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Committee on Ground Water, 1949–1950","docAbstract":"The present report concludes the duties of the above Committee, and the Chairman takes this opportunity to thank the members and others for their splendid cooperation during the triennium ended June 30, 1950. Another in the series of reports on hydrology and physiography of limestone terranes, by A. C. Swinnerton, is given as an Appendix to this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR032i005p00769-2","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S., 1951, Report of the Committee on Ground Water, 1949–1950: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 32, no. 5, p. 769-772, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR032i005p00769-2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"772","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, S.W.","contributorId":260639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185531,"text":"70185531 - 1951 - Ground-water resources of the glacial deposits in the Bessemer area, Michigan, 1950","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T11:07:03","indexId":"70185531","displayToPublicDate":"1951-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":130,"text":"Progress Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Ground-water resources of the glacial deposits in the Bessemer area, Michigan, 1950","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Brown, E., and Stuart, W., 1951, Ground-water resources of the glacial deposits in the Bessemer area, Michigan, 1950: Progress Report 14, 68 p.","productDescription":"68 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Bessemer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df19e4b05ec79911d211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, E.A.","contributorId":65092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuart, W.T.","contributorId":19217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221622,"text":"70221622 - 1951 - Nitrate in the ground water of Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T16:18:31.585238","indexId":"70221622","displayToPublicDate":"1951-06-01T11:12:41","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate in the ground water of Texas","docAbstract":"Ground water in many parts of Texas contains nitrate in excess of 20 ppm (parts per million) as NO3. About 3,000 of the 20,000 nitrate determinations made of water from wells in Texas showed more than 20 ppm of nitrate. The public water supplies of 27 Texas towns and cities contained more than 50 ppm of nitrate. Recent medical research indicates that methemoglobinemia or infant cyanosis (“blue babies”) may be caused by nitrate in water used in formula mixtures. Most of the high nitrate in ground water is found in wells less than 200 ft deep and mainly in water from late Tertiary and Quaternary formations; however, high nitrate was found in water from all kinds of rocks of all ages. The presence of high nitrate in ground water appears to be unrelated to rainfall, geography, or cultivation. A hypothesis of bacterial origin of the high nitrate is supported by strong evidence but is weakened by the presence of the correspondingly high content of associated salts. The disappearance of nitrate at depth presents additional problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR032i003p00450","usgsCitation":"George, W., and Hastings, W.W., 1951, Nitrate in the ground water of Texas: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 32, no. 3, p. 450-456, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR032i003p00450.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"456","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -106.50146484374999,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -106.06201171875,\n 31.259769987394286\n ],\n [\n -104.91943359374999,\n 30.543338954230222\n ],\n [\n -104.5458984375,\n 29.668962525992505\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -102.28271484375,\n 29.935895213372444\n ],\n [\n -101.22802734375,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -99.82177734375,\n 27.761329874505233\n ],\n [\n -98.98681640625,\n 26.37218544169559\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 25.93828707492375\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 25.97779895546436\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -94.98779296875,\n 29.209713225868185\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -93.91113281249999,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.52307880890422\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -98.06396484375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -99.90966796875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, William O.","contributorId":106016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"William O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hastings, Warren W.","contributorId":28956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221329,"text":"5221329 - 1951 - A study of absorption and retention of lead in wild waterfowl in relation to clinical evidence of lead poisoning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T17:14:56.60205","indexId":"5221329","displayToPublicDate":"1951-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of absorption and retention of lead in wild waterfowl in relation to clinical evidence of lead poisoning","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3796607","usgsCitation":"Coburn, D.R., Metzler, D., and Treichler, R., 1951, A study of absorption and retention of lead in wild waterfowl in relation to clinical evidence of lead poisoning: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 15, no. 2, p. 186-192, https://doi.org/10.2307/3796607.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"192","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487099,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3796607","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a621c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coburn, D. R.","contributorId":86060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coburn","given":"D.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metzler, David W.","contributorId":96796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzler","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Treichler, R.","contributorId":98410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treichler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}