Effects of aquifer travel time on nitrogen reaction and loading to Popponesset Bay, a eutrophic coastal embayment on western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, are evaluated through hydrologic analysis of flow and transport. Approximately 10% of the total nitrogen load to the embayment is intercepted by fresh water ponds and delivered to the coast by connecting streams. For the nitrogen load not intercepted by ponds, we compare two steady-state methods of analyzing nitrogen loss in the aquifer, one using a constant-loss factor and the other time-dependent loss rates. The constant-loss method, which assumes that all similar land uses have the same per unit area loading rate to surface water regardless of location within the watershed, predicts that 42% of the nonpond watershed nitrogen load originated within the zero to 2 yr time-of-travel zone, which is 40% of the contributing area. The time-of-travel loss method calculates loss rates based on aquifer travel times and denitrification reaction kinetics, evaluated separately for carbon-unlimited and carbon-limited cases. Time-of-travel loss calculations for percent of nonpond load that originated within the area of < 2 yr aquifer residence time are 64% when carbon is not limiting, but only 49% when carbon limitation is included, not greatly different from the constant-loss method. A feature of the kinetics used is that carbon (and the denitrified nitrogen) is lost rather quickly in the aquifer travel path, after which carbon limitation stops denitrification altogether. Carbon limitation causes the time-of-travel loss model to approximate the constant-loss model such that in most of the watershed, a nearly constant fraction of the nitrogen input is lost in both models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02644.x","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., Masterson, J., Pabich, W.J., and Walter, D.A., 2004, Effects of aquifer travel time on nitrogen transport to a coastal embayment: Groundwater, v. 42, no. 7, p. 1069-1078, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02644.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1078","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c93fe4b0f37a93ee9b1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pabich, Wendy J.","contributorId":187775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pabich","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70223160,"text":"70223160 - 2004 - Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Synthesis and perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-12T20:03:11.504855","indexId":"70223160","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-30T11:46:01","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Synthesis and perspectives","docAbstract":"Does diversity matter in restored communities? This edited book explores the diversity–function debate, which has raged in ecology during the past several decades. The diversity–function question is relevant in restoration, but the question has not yet received a straightforward hearing in the field of restoration science. None of the authors of this book explicitly relate their ideas to restoration, but the book can educate restorationists about the most recent developments in the diversity–function debate. It is also an excellent book for students to learn about the recent developments and historical background of the diversity–function debate and can be used for graduate-level seminars in restoration or plant ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","doi":"10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.120401.x","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., and Grace, J.B., 2004, Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Synthesis and perspectives: Restoration Ecology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 611-612, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.120401.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"612","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189685,"text":"70189685 - 2004 - Calibration strategies for a groundwater model in a highly dynamic alpine floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T10:41:36","indexId":"70189685","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Calibration strategies for a groundwater model in a highly dynamic alpine floodplain","docAbstract":"Limestones in the highly deformed Tecomate Formation, uppermost unit of the Acatlán Complex, are latest Pennsylvanian—earliest Middle Permian in age rather than Devonian, the latter based on less diagnostic fossils. Conodont collections from two marble horizons now constrain its age to range from latest Pennsylvanian to latest Early Permian or early Middle Permian. The older collection contains Gondolella sp., Neostreptognathodus sp., and Streptognathodus sp., suggesting an oldest age limit close to the Pennsylvanian—Permian time boundary. The other collection contains Sweetognathus subsymmetricus, a short-lived species ranging only from Kungurian (latest Leonardian) to Wordian (earliest Guadelupian: 272 ± 4 to 264 ± 2 Ma). A fusilinid, Parafusulina c.f. P. antimonioensis Dunbar, in a third Tecomate marble horizon is probably Wordian (early Guadelupian, early Middle Permian). Furthermore, granite pebbles in a Tecomate conglomerate have yielded ~320-264 Ma U-Pb SHRIMP ages probably derived from the ~288 Ma, arc-related Totoltepec pluton. Collectively, these data suggest a correlation with two nearby units: (1) the Missourian—Leonardian carbonate horizons separated by a Wolfcampian(?) conglomerate in the upper part of the less deformed San Salvador Patlanoaya Formation; and (2) the clastic, Westphalian—Leonardian Matzitzi Formation. This requires that deformation in the Tecomate Formation be of Early—Middle Permian age rather than Devonian. These three formations are re-interpreted as periarc deposits with deformation related to oblique subduction. The revised dating of the Tecomate Formation is consistent with new data, which indicates that the unconformity between the Tecomate and the Piaxtla Group is mid-Carboniferous and corresponds to a tectonothermal event.
We report on new field observations from Icelandic lava flows that have the same surface morphology as many Martian flood lava flows. The Martian flood lavas are characterized by a platy‐ridged surface morphology whose formation is not well understood. The examples on Mars include some of the most pristine lava on the planet and flows >1500 km long. The surfaces of the flows are characterized by (1) ridges tens of meters tall and wide and hundreds of meters long, (2) plates hundreds of meters to kilometers across that are bounded by ridges, (3) smooth surfaces broken into polygons several meters across and bowed up slightly in the center, (4) parallel grooves 1–10 km long cut into the flow surface by flow past obstacles, and (5) inflated pahoehoe margins. The Icelandic examples we examined (the 1783–1784 Laki Flow Field, the Búrfells Lava Flow Field by Lake Myvatn, and a lava flow from Krafla Volcano) have all these surface characteristics. When examined in detail, we find that the surfaces of the Icelandic examples are composed primarily of disrupted pahoehoe. In some cases the breccia consists of simple slabs of pahoehoe lava; in other cases it is a thick layer dominated by contorted fragments of pahoehoe lobes. Our field observations lead us to conclude that these breccias are formed by the disruption of an initial pahoehoe surface by a large flux of liquid lava within the flow. In the case of Laki, the lava flux was provided by surges in the erupted effusion rate. At Búrfells it appears that the rapid flow came from the sudden breaching of the margins of a large ponded lava flow. Using the observations from Iceland, we have improved our earlier thermal modeling of the Martian flood lavas. We now conclude that these platy‐ridged lava flows may have been quite thermally efficient, allowing the flow to extend for >100 km under a disrupted crust that was carried on top of the flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000758","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L., Thordarson, T., McEwen, A., Haack, H., Guilbaud, M., Self, S., and Rossi, M.J., 2004, Icelandic analogs to Martian flood lavas: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, no. 11, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000758.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/22f017cf-6764-4fb1-8fbc-bab43146dda7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":359223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5be2b6b1e4b0b3fc5cf5b0ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordarson, Thorvaldur","contributorId":197925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thordarson","given":"Thorvaldur","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35089,"text":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Nordvulk, University of Iceland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred","contributorId":59723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, Henning","contributorId":210480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haack","given":"Henning","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guilbaud, Marie-Noelle","contributorId":210481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guilbaud","given":"Marie-Noelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Self, Stephen","contributorId":191218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Self","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rossi, Matti J.","contributorId":210482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossi","given":"Matti","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70239782,"text":"70239782 - 2004 - Reply to comment on “Precise K–Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr and U–Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff reference standard” by M.A. Lanphere and H. Baadsgaard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T20:27:17.672859","indexId":"70239782","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-15T14:06:46","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reply to comment on “Precise K–Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr and U–Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff reference standard” by M.A. Lanphere and H. Baadsgaard","title":"Reply to comment on “Precise K–Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr and U–Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff reference standard” by M.A. Lanphere and H. Baadsgaard","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.03.003","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., 2004, Reply to comment on “Precise K–Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr and U–Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff reference standard” by M.A. Lanphere and H. Baadsgaard: Chemical Geology, v. 211, no. 3-4, p. 389-390, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.03.003.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"390","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fish Canyon Tuff, La Garita Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.87142771807142,\n 37.94442690012809\n ],\n [\n -106.87142771807142,\n 37.89865642834192\n ],\n [\n -106.80756968584483,\n 37.89865642834192\n ],\n [\n -106.80756968584483,\n 37.94442690012809\n ],\n [\n -106.87142771807142,\n 37.94442690012809\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"211","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":861937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200877,"text":"70200877 - 2004 - Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program: Central Mojave vegetation database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T15:59:37","indexId":"70200877","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-14T15:34:47","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program: Central Mojave vegetation database","docAbstract":"Department of Defense (DOD) and the other desert managers are developing and organizing scientific information needed to better manage the natural resources of the Mojave Desert. Scientific, natural, and cultural resource professionals in the Mojave have agreed upon the importance of developing mechanisms by which land management decisions can be made to maintain the Mojave Desert ecosystem while supporting sustainable economies, communities, and national defense preparedness. The Desert Managers Group (DMG), a federal/state partnership of land and resource managers working in the California portion of the Mojave Desert, contains within their mission a charge to develop and integrate databases and scientific studies needed for effective resource management and planning. The Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program (MDEP) Legacy Program, which supports critical DOD installations, collects data needed to support the DMG mission.
","language":"English ","publisher":"State of California","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., Keeler-Wolf, T., Franklin, J., and Stine, P., 2004, Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program: Central Mojave vegetation database, 251 p.","productDescription":"251 p.","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=13890"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5be55a53e4b0b3fc5cf8c691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeler-Wolf, Todd","contributorId":76416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeler-Wolf","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franklin, Janet","contributorId":90833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stine, Peter","contributorId":76025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046,"text":"ofr20041320 - 2004 - LIDAR derived 5m resolution bare earth and first return digital elevation model of the Paine Run Watershed, Augusta County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:31","indexId":"ofr20041320","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1320","title":"LIDAR derived 5m resolution bare earth and first return digital elevation model of the Paine Run Watershed, Augusta County, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041320","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., 2004, LIDAR derived 5m resolution bare earth and first return digital elevation model of the Paine Run Watershed, Augusta County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1320, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041320.","productDescription":"CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/smoky/ResearchAreas/shenandoah/04_1320/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.85,38.166666666666664 ], [ -78.85,38.28333333333333 ], [ -78.71666666666667,38.28333333333333 ], [ -78.71666666666667,38.166666666666664 ], [ -78.85,38.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b473d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045,"text":"ofr20041321 - 2004 - Topogrid Derived 10 Meter Resolution Digital Elevation Model of the Shenandoah National Park and Surrounding Region, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:31","indexId":"ofr20041321","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1321","title":"Topogrid Derived 10 Meter Resolution Digital Elevation Model of the Shenandoah National Park and Surrounding Region, Virginia","docAbstract":"Explanation\r\n\r\nThe purpose of developing a new 10m resolution DEM of the Shenandoah National Park Region was to more accurately depict geologic structure, surfical geology, and landforms of the Shenandoah National Park Region in preparation for automated landform classification. Previously, only a 30m resolution DEM was available through the National Elevation Dataset (NED). During production of the Shenandoah10m DEM of the Park the Geography Discipline of the USGS completed a revised 10m DEM to be included into the NED. However, different methodologies were used to produce the two similar DEMs. The ANUDEM algorithm was used to develop the Shenadoah DEM data. This algorithm allows for the inclusion of contours, streams, rivers, lake and water body polygons as well as spot height data to control the elevation model. A statistical analysis using over 800 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) first and second order vertical control points reveals that the Shenandoah10m DEM, produced as a part of the Appalachian Blue Ridge Landscape project, has a vertical accuracy of ?4.87 meters. The metadata for the 10m NED data reports a vertical accuracy of ?7m. A table listing the NGS control points, the elevation comparison, and the RMSE for the Shenandoah10m DEM is provided.\r\n\r\nThe process of automated terrain classification involves developing statistical signatures from the DEM for each type of surficial deposit and landform type. The signature will be a measure of several characteristics derived from the elevation data including slope, aspect, planform curvature, and profile curvature. The quality of the DEM is of critical importance when extracting terrain signatures. The highest possible horizontal and vertical accuracy is required. The more accurate Shenandoah 10m DEM can now be analyzed and integrated with the geologic observations to yield statistical correlations between the two in the development of landform and surface geology mapping projects.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041321","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Tanner, S.D., 2004, Topogrid Derived 10 Meter Resolution Digital Elevation Model of the Shenandoah National Park and Surrounding Region, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1321, Available on DVD-ROM or online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041321.","productDescription":"Available on DVD-ROM or online","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":231,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Terrain Modeling and Geographic Analysis Project","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9831,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/terrainmodeling/ofr04_1321.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79,38 ], [ -79,39 ], [ -78,39 ], [ -78,38 ], [ -79,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Seth D.","contributorId":30297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041,"text":"ofr20041377 - 2004 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, May 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T19:59:09.188626","indexId":"ofr20041377","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1377","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, May 2004","docAbstract":"This map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity in May 2001. Potentiometric contours are based on water-level measurements collected at 684 wells during the period May 2 - 30, near the end of the dry season. The shapes of some contours have been inferred from previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground-water withdrawals. Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground-water withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041377","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Kinnaman, S.L., and Knowles, L., 2004, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, May 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1377, 1 Sheet: 36.00 × 52.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041377.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 36.00 × 52.00 inches","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2004-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404159,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70833.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9832,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1377/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83,\n 26.8875\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 26.8875\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 26.8875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b169f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinnaman, Sandra L. 0000-0003-0271-6187 kinnaman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6187","contributorId":1757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnaman","given":"Sandra","email":"kinnaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Leel Jr.","contributorId":14857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Leel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199723,"text":"70199723 - 2004 - Transtensional deformation in the Lake Tahoe region, California and Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T12:08:18","indexId":"70199723","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-08T12:07:38","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transtensional deformation in the Lake Tahoe region, California and Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Dextral transtensional deformation is occurring along the Sierra Nevada–Great Basin boundary zone (SNGBBZ) at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada microplate. In the Lake Tahoe region of the SNGBBZ, transtension is partitioned spatially and temporally into domains of north–south striking normal faults and transitional domains with conjugate strike-slip faults. The normal fault domains, which have had large Holocene earthquakes but account only for background seismicity in the historic period, primarily accommodate east–west extension, while the transitional domains, which have had moderate Holocene and historic earthquakes and are currently seismically active, primarily record north–south shortening. Through partitioned slip, the upper crust in this region undergoes overall constrictional strain.
Major fault zones within the Lake Tahoe basin include two normal fault zones: the northwest-trending Tahoe–Sierra frontal fault zone (TSFFZ) and the north-trending West Tahoe–Dollar Point fault zone. Most faults in these zones show eastside down displacements. Both of these fault zones show evidence of Holocene earthquakes but are relatively quiet seismically through the historic record. The northeast-trending North Tahoe–Incline Village fault zone is a major normal to sinistral-oblique fault zone. This fault zone shows evidence for large Holocene earthquakes and based on the historic record is seismically active at the microearthquake level. The zone forms the boundary between the Lake Tahoe normal fault domain to the south and the Truckee transition zone to the north.
Several lines of evidence, including both geology and historic seismicity, indicate that the seismically active Truckee and Gardnerville transition zones, north and southeast of Lake Tahoe basin, respectively, are undergoing north–south shortening. In addition, the central Carson Range, a major north-trending range block between two large normal fault zones, shows internal fault patterns that suggest the range is undergoing north–south shortening in addition to east–west extension.
A model capable of explaining the spatial and temporal partitioning of slip suggests that seismic behavior in the region alternates between two modes, one mode characterized by an east–west minimum principal stress and a north–south maximum principal stress as at present. In this mode, seismicity and small-scale faulting reflecting north–south shortening concentrate in mechanically weak transition zones with primarily strike-slip faulting in relatively small-magnitude events, and domains with major normal faults are relatively quiet. A second mode occurs after sufficient north–south shortening reduces the north–south Shmax in magnitude until it is less than Sv, at which point Sv becomes the maximum principal stress. This second mode is then characterized by large earthquakes on major normal faults in the large normal fault domains, which dominate the overall moment release in the region, producing significant east–west extension.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2004.04.019","usgsCitation":"Schweickert, R.A., Lahren, M., Smith, K., Howle, J., and Ichinose, G., 2004, Transtensional deformation in the Lake Tahoe region, California and Nevada, USA: Tectonophysics, v. 392, no. 1-2, p. 303-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.04.019.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"392","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e7a1e4b034bf6a8004dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweickert, Richard A.","contributorId":60107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahren, M.M.","contributorId":24154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahren","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, K.D.","contributorId":64003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howle, J. F. 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":66294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ichinose, G.","contributorId":208197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ichinose","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206483,"text":"70206483 - 2004 - What makes hydromagmatic eruptions violent? Some insights from the Keanakāko'i Ash, Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T13:13:11","indexId":"70206483","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-06T13:40:09","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What makes hydromagmatic eruptions violent? Some insights from the Keanakāko'i Ash, Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Volcanic eruptions at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are of two dramatically contrasting types: (1) benign lava flows and lava fountains; and (2) violent, mostly prehistoric eruptions that dispersed tephra over hundreds of square kilometers. The violence of the latter eruptions has been attributed to mixing of water and magma within a wet summit caldera; however, magma injection into water at other volcanoes does not consistently produce widespread tephras. To identify other factors that may have contributed to the violence of these eruptions, we sampled tephra from the Keanakako'i Ash, the most recent large hydromagmatic deposit, and measured vesicularity, bubble-number density and dissolved volatile content of juvenile matrix glass to constrain magma ascent rate and degree of degassing at the time of quenching. Bubble-number densities (9X10 (super 4) -1X10 (super 7) cm (super -3) ) of tephra fragments exceed those of most historically erupted Kilauean tephras (3X10 (super 3) -1.8X10 (super 5) cm (super -3) ), and suggest exceptionally high magma effusion rates. Dissolved sulfur (average=330 ppm) and water (0.15-0.45 wt.%) concentrations exceed equilibrium-saturation values at 1 atm pressure (100-150 ppm and approximately 0.09%, respectively), suggesting that clasts quenched before equilibrating to atmospheric pressure. We interpret these results to suggest rapid magma injection into a wet crater, perhaps similar to continuous-uprush jets at Surtsey. Estimates of Reynolds number suggest that the erupting magma was turbulent and would have mixed with surrounding water in vortices ranging downward in size to centimeters. Such fine-scale mixing would have ensured rapid heat exchange and extensive magma fragmentation, maximizing the violence of these eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":" Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.015","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Christiansen, R.L., Thornber, C., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2004, What makes hydromagmatic eruptions violent? Some insights from the Keanakāko'i Ash, Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 137, no. 1, p. 15-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.015.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":" Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.27870178222653,\n 19.25929414046391\n ],\n [\n -155.24780273437497,\n 19.263183400864964\n ],\n [\n -155.20179748535153,\n 19.250218840825706\n ],\n [\n -155.15510559082028,\n 19.255404787818094\n ],\n [\n -155.0830078125,\n 19.28910944501149\n ],\n [\n -155.0287628173828,\n 19.30984732486229\n ],\n [\n -154.9999237060547,\n 19.321511226817176\n ],\n [\n -155.01296997070312,\n 19.361680514501174\n ],\n [\n -155.0438690185547,\n 19.405725775580528\n ],\n [\n -155.0994873046875,\n 19.437456881792503\n ],\n [\n -155.11940002441406,\n 19.452348936859018\n ],\n [\n -155.17021179199216,\n 19.43616185591159\n ],\n [\n -155.2306365966797,\n 19.41803040932666\n ],\n [\n -155.27870178222653,\n 19.25929414046391\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornber, Carl 0000-0002-6382-4408 cthornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-4408","contributorId":167396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206478,"text":"70206478 - 2004 - Book review, Uranium resource processing and secondary resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-06T12:37:49","indexId":"70206478","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-06T12:33:19","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review, Uranium resource processing and secondary resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":" American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Olson, D., Finch, W., and Misha, B., 2004, Book review, Uranium resource processing and secondary resources: AAPG Bulletin, v. 88, no. 8, p. 1208-1210.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1208","endPage":"1210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Daniel dlolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Daniel","email":"dlolson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":774781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Misha, Branjena","contributorId":220331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Misha","given":"Branjena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206448,"text":"70206448 - 2004 - Topographic controls on post-Oligocene changes in ice-sheet dynamics, Prydz Bay region, east Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T13:04:01","indexId":"70206448","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-04T14:02:29","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic controls on post-Oligocene changes in ice-sheet dynamics, Prydz Bay region, east Antarctica","docAbstract":"Within the general trend of post-Eocene cooling, the largest and oldest outlet of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet underwent a change from ice-cliff to ice-stream and/or ice-shelf dynamics, with an associated switch from line-source to fan sedimentation. Available geological data reveal little about the causes of these changes in ice dynamics during the Miocene Epoch, or the subsequent effects on Pliocene-Pleistocene ice-sheet history. Ice-sheet numerical modeling reveals that bed morphology was probably responsible for driving changes in both ice-sheet extent and dynamics in the Lambert-Amery system at Prydz Bay. The modeling shows how the topography and bathymetry of the Lambert graben and Prydz Bay control ice-sheet extent and flow. The changes in bathymetric volume required for shelf-edge glaciation correlate well with the Prydz Channel fan sedimentation history. This suggests a negative feedback between erosion and glaciation, whereby the current graben is overdeepened to such an extent that shelf-edge glaciation is now not possible, even if a Last Glacial Maximum environment recurs. We conclude that the erosional history of the Lambert graben and Prydz Bay in combination with the uplift histories of the surrounding mountains are responsible for the evolution of this section of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, once the necessary initial climatic conditions for glaciation were achieved at the start of the Oligocene Epoch. Keywords: Antarctica, ice sheets, numerical models, Miocene, Pliocene.
","language":"English","publisher":" Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G20275.1","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J., Siegert, M., Payne, A.J., Hambrey, M.J., O’Brien, P., Cooper, A.K., and Leitchenkov, G., 2004, Topographic controls on post-Oligocene changes in ice-sheet dynamics, Prydz Bay region, east Antarctica: Geology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 197-200, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20275.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"200","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/100588/Taylor_Geology_2004.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":368930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antartica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 108.28125,\n -75.75894014501687\n ],\n [\n 177.5390625,\n -75.75894014501687\n ],\n [\n 177.5390625,\n -64.62387720204688\n ],\n [\n 108.28125,\n -64.62387720204688\n ],\n [\n 108.28125,\n -75.75894014501687\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, J.","contributorId":86138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siegert, M","contributorId":220263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegert","given":"M","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Payne, A. J.","contributorId":220265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payne","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hambrey, M. J.","contributorId":220266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hambrey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Brien, P.E.","contributorId":220268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leitchenkov, G.","contributorId":11108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitchenkov","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70185648,"text":"70185648 - 2004 - Assessing conceptual models for subsurface reactive transport of inorganic contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:56:18","indexId":"70185648","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing conceptual models for subsurface reactive transport of inorganic contaminants","docAbstract":"In many subsurface situations where human health and environmental quality are at risk (e.g., contaminant hydrogeology petroleum extraction, carbon sequestration, etc.),scientists and engineers are being asked by federal agency decision-makers to predict the fate of chemical species under conditions where both reactions and transport are processes of first-order importance.
In 2002, a working group (WG) was formed by representatives of the U.S. Geological Survey, Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Energy Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Agriculture, and Army Engineer Research and Development Center to assess the role of reactive transport modeling (RTM) in addressing these situations. Specifically the goals of the WG are to (1) evaluate the state of the art in conceptual model development and parameterization for RTM, as applied to soil,vadose zone, and groundwater systems, and (2) prioritize research directions that would enhance the practical utility of RTM.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2004EO440002","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Yabusaki, S.B., Steefel, C., Zachara, J.M., Curtis, G.P., Redden, G.D., Criscenti, L.J., and Honeyman, B.D., 2004, Assessing conceptual models for subsurface reactive transport of inorganic contaminants: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 85, no. 44, p. 449-445, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004EO440002.","productDescription":"7 p. 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The strong-fault model predicts the maximum horizontal compressive stress axis to be at low angles to the fault, while the relatively weak fault model predicts it to be at high angles. Previous studies have disagreed as to which model is supported by observed stress orientations. We review and compare these studies and present results from several new focal mechanism stress inversions. We find that the observed stress orientations of different studies are generally consistent, implying that the disagreement is one of interpretation. The majority of studies find compressive stress orientations at intermediate angles to the fault, not strictly consistent with either current model. The strong-fault model is acceptable if the San Andreas is assumed to be a nonoptimally orientated fault that fails because optimally oriented, preexisting planes are not present. The relatively weak fault model is not consistent with the stress orientations. We propose two alternative models to better explain the observed intermediate stress orientations: an intermediate-strength San Andreas model and a model in which all major active faults are weak.
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Seismic data are from combined land and ocean bottom deployments in the Nicoya peninsula in northern Costa Rica and near the Osa peninsula in southern Costa Rica. In Nicoya, inversion of GPS data suggests two locked patches centered at 14 ± 2 and 39 ± 6 km depth. Interplate microseismicity is concentrated in the more freely slipping intermediate zone, suggesting that small interseismic earthquakes may not accurately outline the updip limit of the seismogenic zone, the rupture zone for future large earthquakes, at least over the short (∼1 year) observation period. We also estimate northwest motion of a coastal “sliver block” at 8 ± 3 mm/yr, probably related to oblique convergence. In the Osa region to the south, convergence is orthogonal to the trench. Cocos-Caribbean relative motion is partitioned here, with ∼8 cm/yr on the Cocos-Panama block boundary (including a component of permanent shortening across the Fila Costeña fold and thrust belt) and ∼1 cm/yr on the Panama block–Caribbean boundary. The GPS data suggest that the Cocos plate–Panama block boundary is completely locked from ∼10–50 km depth. This large locked zone, as well as associated forearc and back-arc deformation, may be related to subduction of the shallow Cocos Ridge and/or younger lithosphere compared to Nicoya, with consequent higher coupling and compressive stress in the direction of plate convergence.
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geodetic data from Costa Rica provide insight into seismogenic zone processes in Central America, where the Cocos and Caribbean plates converge. Seismic data are from combined land and ocean bottom deployments in the Nicoya peninsula in northern Costa Rica and near the Osa peninsula in southern Costa Rica. In Nicoya, inversion of GPS data suggests two locked patches centered at 14 ± 2 and 39 ± 6 km depth. Interplate microseismicity is concentrated in the more freely slipping intermediate zone, suggesting that small interseismic earthquakes may not accurately outline the updip limit of the seismogenic zone, the rupture zone for future large earthquakes, at least over the short (∼1 year) observation period. We also estimate northwest motion of a coastal “sliver block” at 8 ± 3 mm/yr, probably related to oblique convergence. In the Osa region to the south, convergence is orthogonal to the trench. Cocos-Caribbean relative motion is partitioned here, with ∼8 cm/yr on the Cocos-Panama block boundary (including a component of permanent shortening across the Fila Costeña fold and thrust belt) and ∼1 cm/yr on the Panama block–Caribbean boundary. The GPS data suggest that the Cocos plate–Panama block boundary is completely locked from ∼10–50 km depth. This large locked zone, as well as associated forearc and back-arc deformation, may be related to subduction of the shallow Cocos Ridge and/or younger lithosphere compared to Nicoya, with consequent higher coupling and compressive stress in the direction of plate convergence.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002931","usgsCitation":"Norabuena, E., Dixon, T., Schwartz, S., DeShon, H., Newman, A., Protti, M., Gonzalez, V., Dorman, L., Flueh, E., Lundgren, P., Pollitz, F., and Sampson, D., 2004, Geodetic and seismic constraints on some seismogenic zone processes in Costa Rica: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 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Geologic mapping of bedrock and unconsolidated deposits reveals a history of horizontal right-lateral slip and local vertical separations at the fault. It was determined that the eastern 220 mile of the Denali and Totschunda fault system was the most likely segment to generate an 8+ magnitude earthquake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meeting Challenges with Geologic Maps","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","isbn":"9780922152704","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., 2004, Mitigation of earthquake damage, chap. of Meeting Challenges with Geologic Maps, p. 56-57.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.513671875,\n 62.34960927573042\n ],\n [\n -141.943359375,\n 62.34960927573042\n ],\n [\n -141.943359375,\n 64.09140752262307\n ],\n [\n -146.513671875,\n 64.09140752262307\n ],\n [\n -146.513671875,\n 62.34960927573042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70201360,"text":"70201360 - 2004 - RADAR: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T11:02:12","indexId":"70201360","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T11:01:38","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"RADAR: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper","docAbstract":"The Cassini RADAR instrument is a multimode 13.8 GHz multiple-beam sensor that can operate as a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imager, altimeter, scatterometer, and radiometer. The principal objective of the RADAR is to map the surface of Titan. This will be done in the imaging, scatterometer, and radiometer modes. The RADAR altimeter data will provide information on relative elevations in selected areas. Surfaces of the Saturn’s icy satellites will be explored utilizing the RADAR radiometer and scatterometer modes. Saturn’s atmosphere and rings will be probed in the radiometer mode only. The instrument is a joint development by JPL/NASA and ASI. The RADAR design features significant autonomy and data compression capabilities. It is expected that the instrument will detect surfaces with backscatter coefficient as low as −40 dB.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s11214-004-1438-9","usgsCitation":"Elachi, C., Allison, M., Borgarelli, L., Encrenaz, P., Im, E., Janssen, M., Johnson, W., Kirk, R.L., Lorenz, R.D., Lunine, J., Muhleman, D., Ostro, S., Picardi, G., Posa, F., Rapley, C., Roth, L., Seu, R., Soderblom, L.A., Vetrella, S., Wall, S.D., Wood, C.A., and Zebker, H., 2004, RADAR: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper: Space Science Reviews, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 71-110, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-004-1438-9.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"115","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10dadfe4b034bf6a7fcc5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elachi, C.","contributorId":104606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allison, M.D.","contributorId":76056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borgarelli, L.","contributorId":211364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borgarelli","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Encrenaz, P.","contributorId":99358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Encrenaz","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Im, E.","contributorId":211365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Im","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Janssen, M.A.","contributorId":28345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lorenz, R. D.","contributorId":90441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lunine, J. I.","contributorId":51899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunine","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Muhleman, D.O.","contributorId":22900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhleman","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ostro, S.J.","contributorId":45814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostro","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Picardi, G.","contributorId":21674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picardi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Posa, F.","contributorId":43552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Rapley, C.G.","contributorId":211367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rapley","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Roth, L.E.","contributorId":44746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Seu, R.","contributorId":53509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seu","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wall, S. D.","contributorId":86468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wood, C. A.","contributorId":35057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Zebker, H. A.","contributorId":90457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70240124,"text":"70240124 - 2004 - SVFlux and ChemFlux: Software for two-dimensional/three-dimensional finite element variably saturated flow and transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-27T15:37:41.61272","indexId":"70240124","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T09:11:43","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SVFlux and ChemFlux: Software for two-dimensional/three-dimensional finite element variably saturated flow and transport modeling","docAbstract":"SVFlux and ChemFlux are a pair of finite element models designed to simulate the movement of water and contaminants in two and three dimensions under variably saturated conditions. The transport simulator ChemFlux is designed as a companion to the flow simulator SVFlux. SVFlux and ChemFlux are commercial products developed by SoilVision Systems Ltd. and can be purchased via the company's Web site.
SVFlux and ChemFlux run under Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP operating systems, and require a minimum of 128 MB RAM and approximately 150 MB hard drive space. The software includes Windows-based graphical user interface, numerical model engines, and post-processing programs. SVFlux and ChemFlux are suitable for numerous applications such as modeling of water and transport modeling in aquifers and the unsaturated zone, modeling of seepage across dams and geomembranes, and modeling of infiltration, excess pore water buildup, and dissipation. This article is based on two independent reviews of SVFlux (versions 4.05 and 5.04) and ChemFlux (versions 3.00 and 3.03).
","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02738.x","usgsCitation":"Zheng, C., Hsieh, P.A., and Matott, S., 2004, SVFlux and ChemFlux: Software for two-dimensional/three-dimensional finite element variably saturated flow and transport modeling: Groundwater, v. 42, no. 6, p. 804-808, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02738.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"804","endPage":"808","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":49233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matott, Shawn","contributorId":301833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matott","given":"Shawn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":55671,"text":"sir20045052 - 2004 - Ground-water quality of selected basin-fill aquifers of the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins in Montana, Idaho, and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:53","indexId":"sir20045052","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5052","title":"Ground-water quality of selected basin-fill aquifers of the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins in Montana, Idaho, and Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045052","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, R.R., Bowers, C.L., and Dutton, D., 2004, Ground-water quality of selected basin-fill aquifers of the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins in Montana, Idaho, and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5052, 50 p., 16 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045052.","productDescription":"50 p., 16 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":253952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowers, Craig L.","contributorId":99209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutton, DeAnn M. ddutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":20762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"DeAnn M.","email":"ddutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":253953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53659,"text":"wri024284 - 2004 - Hydrogeologic framework of the North Fork and surrounding areas, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T21:58:27.760715","indexId":"wri024284","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4284","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the North Fork and surrounding areas, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Ground water on the North Fork of Long Island is the sole source of drinking water, but the supply is vulnerable to saltwater intrusion and upconing in response to heavy pumping. Information on the area's hydrogeologic framework is needed to analyze the effects of pumping and drought on ground-water levels and the position of the freshwater-saltwater interface. This will enable water-resource managers and water-supply purveyors to evaluate a wide range of water-supply scenarios to safely meet water-use demands. The extent and thickness of hydrogeologic units and position of the freshwater-saltwater interface were interpreted from previous work and from exploratory drilling during this study.
The fresh ground-water reservoir on the North Fork consists of four principal freshwater flow systems (referred to as Long Island mainland, Cutchogue, Greenport, and Orient) within a sequence of unconsolidated Pleistocene and Late Cretaceous deposits. A thick glacial-lake-clay unit appears to truncate underlying deposits in three buried valleys beneath the northern shore of the North Fork. Similar glacial-lake deposits beneath eastern and east-central Long Island Sound previously were inferred to be younger than the surficial glacial deposits exposed along the northern shore of Long Island. Close similarities in thickness and upper-surface altitude between the glacial-lake-clay unit on the North Fork and the glacial-lake deposits in Long Island Sound indicate, however, that the two are correlated at least along the North Fork shore.
The Matawan Group and Magothy Formation, undifferentiated, is the uppermost Cretaceous unit on the North Fork and constitutes the Magothy aquifer. The upper surface of this unit contains a series of prominent erosional features that can be traced beneath Long Island Sound and the North Fork. Northwest-trending buried ridges extend several miles offshore from areas southeast of Rocky Point and Horton Point. A promontory in the irregular, north-facing cuesta slope extends offshore from an area southwest of Mattituck Creek and James Creek. Buried valleys that trend generally southeastward beneath Long Island Sound extend onshore northeast of Hashamomuck Pond and east of Goldsmith Inlet.
An undifferentiated Pleistocene confining layer, the lower confining unit, consists of apparently contiguous units of glacial-lake, marine, and nonmarine clay. This unit is more than 200 feet thick in buried valleys filled with glacial-lake clay along the northern shore, but elsewhere on the North Fork, it is generally less than 50 feet thick and presumably represents an erosional remnant of marine clay. Its upper surface is generally 75 feet or more below sea level where it overlies buried valleys, and is generally 100 feet or less below sea level in areas where marine clay has been identified.
A younger unit of glacial-lake deposits, the upper confining unit, is a local confining layer and underlies a sequence of late Pleistocene moraine and outwash deposits. This unit is thickest (more than 45 feet thick) beneath two lowland areas--near Mattituck Creek and James Creek, and near Hashamomuck Pond--but pinches out close to the northern and southern shores and is locally absent in inland areas of the North Fork. Its upper-surface altitude generally rises to near sea level toward the southern shore.
Freshwater in the Orient flow system is limited to the upper glacial aquifer above the top of the lower confining unit. The upper confining unit substantially impedes the downward flow of freshwater in inland parts of the Greenport flow system. Deep freshwater within the lower confining unit in the east-central part of the Cutchogue flow system probably is residual from an interval of lower sea level. The upper confining unit is absent or only a few feet thick in the west-central part of the Cutchogue flow system and does not substantially impede the downward flow of freshwater, but the lower confining unit probably impedes the downward flow of freshwater within a southeast-trending buried valley in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024284","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., Bova, R.G., and Misut, P.E., 2004, Hydrogeologic framework of the North Fork and surrounding areas, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4284, Report: 23 p., 4 plates: 27.04 x 41.71 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024284.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p., 4 plates: 27.04 x 41.71 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325131,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4284/wri20024284_plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4284","linkHelpText":"- Map of North Fork study area showing surficial Pleistocene units and extent of fresh ground water: (A) surficial hydrogeologic units and water-table altitude in March-April 1994; (B) altitude of base of freshwater above lower confining unit; and (C) altitude of freshwater-saltwater interface below upper surface of lower confining unit, orig. size 15\"x39\""},{"id":325128,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4284/wri20024284_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4284","linkHelpText":"- Map of study area showing locations of vertical sections and associated boreholes and wells, and vertical sections B-B´ through E-E´ showing hydrogeologic units in the North Fork study area, Long Island, N.Y., orig. size 22\"x42\""},{"id":325129,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4284/wri20024284_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4284","linkHelpText":"- Map of North Fork study area showing altitude of bedrock surface and of upper surface of Cretaceous hydrogeologic units: (A) bedrock; (B) Lloyd aquifer; (C) Raritan confining unit; and (D) Magothy aquifer, orig. size 28\"x27\""},{"id":325130,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4284/wri20024284_plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4284","linkHelpText":"- Map of North Fork study area showing Pleistocene confining units: (A) thickness of lower confining unit; (B) upper-surface altitude of lower confining unit; (C) thickness of upper confining unit; and (D) upper-surface altitude of upper confining unit, orig. size 27\"x26\""},{"id":177650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4284/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":4956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4284/wri20024284.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4284"},{"id":325132,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4284/wri20024284_textonly.pdf","text":"Report - Text without plates","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"124000","country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.67593383789062,\n 40.846021510805194\n ],\n [\n -72.20352172851562,\n 40.846021510805194\n ],\n [\n -72.20352172851562,\n 41.16728314823924\n ],\n [\n -72.67593383789062,\n 41.16728314823924\n ],\n [\n -72.67593383789062,\n 40.846021510805194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Scale - 1:24,000","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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http://ny.water.usgs.gov/