The United States Geological Survey is currently investigating the ground-water resources of Connecticut in cooperation with the State Water Commission. As part of this cooperative project, in order to summarize the knowledge already gained about ground water in the State, a bibliography of reports dealing with ground water in Connecticut has been prepared. A compilation entitled \"Bibliography and index of publications relating to ground water prepared by the Geological Survey and cooperating agencies\", by G. A. Waring and O. E. Neinzer, was issued as U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 992 in 1947. The following compilation lists all the papers in Water-Supply Paper 992 that refer to Connecticut plus other short reports not included in the letter.
\n\n
The first studies of ground water in Connecticut were begun in 1903 by Professor H. E. Gregory of Yale University under the auspices of the U.S. Geological Survey. The early studies were of the reconnaissance type, covering large sections of the State, and were concerned mainly with the relation of the bedrock geology to the water supply. The results were published in several Water-Supply Papers of the Geological Survey. In 1911 a cooperative agreement for the study of the ground-water resources of Connecticut in which each party shared equally in the expenses was made between the Federal Survey and the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey. As a result more detailed studies in smaller areas were undertaken. Active field work covering more than half the State was continued through 1923 under this arrangement and the results published in eight U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.
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After an eleven year period of inactivity and with the inauguration of the Federal Emergency Relief Commission, detailed studies of ground water in Connecticut were begun again in October 1934 as a project of the Emergency Relief Commission (later the Works Progress Administration). The project was sponsored by the Connecticut State Water Commission, the State Planning Board, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The technical direction of the work was undertaken by the Geological Survey. The project consisted of an inventory and mapping of wells and springs in the State by towns and the recording of weekly observations of water levels in selected wells. The data collected through October 1939 were published in six mimeographed bulletins and one typewritten bulletin by the Works Program Administration.
\n\n
In 1939, when it became necessary to curtail the work being carried on by the Works Progress Administration, cooperation was arranged between the Federal Ecological Survey and the State Water Commission to continue investigations relative to the over-development of ground-water supplies in the New Haven area. From time to time additional funds have been made available to meet growing demands by the State for data on its ground-water supplied and the present cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and the State Water Commission is a continuation of the original arrangement. It is estimated that about 14 per cont of the State has been covered by recent ground-water surveys and in addition some data are available for another 20 per cent of he State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Hartford, CT","doi":"10.3133/ofr5067","usgsCitation":"Cushman, R., 1950, Bibliography of publications relating to ground water in Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-67, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 10.16 x 7.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5067.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 10.16 x 7.74 inches","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288716,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627ebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushman, R.V.","contributorId":28220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52947,"text":"ofr5068 - 1950 - Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Lake Hefner area in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr5068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-68","title":"Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Lake Hefner area in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5068","usgsCitation":"Dennis, P., 1950, Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Lake Hefner area in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-68, 19 p., 2 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5068.","productDescription":"19 p., 2 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennis, P.E.","contributorId":73627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52948,"text":"ofr5069 - 1950 - Mineral constituents in water and their significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr5069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-69","title":"Mineral constituents in water and their significance","docAbstract":"Pure water does not exist in nature. Because water is a powerful solvent, every drop of rain water carries dissolved or suspended material - dust, pollen, and smoke, as well as the atmospheric gases, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. When rain falls, the water running over the rocks and percolating through the soil gathers more and more mineral matter in solution. As the uses to which a water supply may be put depend primarily on its mineral content, information concerning the chemical characteristics of water is of importance to each of us.\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5069","usgsCitation":"Dover, T., 1950, Mineral constituents in water and their significance: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-69, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5069.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247766,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0069/report.pdf","size":"4525","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6358ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, T.B.","contributorId":90293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52950,"text":"ofr5071 - 1950 - Relation of ground water to stream flow at Battle Creek, Mich.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T11:11:46","indexId":"ofr5071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-71","title":"Relation of ground water to stream flow at Battle Creek, Mich.","docAbstract":"This is a summary of statements made by G.E. Eddy, State Geologist of Michigan, and J.G. Ferris, district engineer, Ground Water Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, Lansing, Mich., in a conference during the fall of 1949 with John Spoden, Chief of the Maintenance and Fold Control Division of the district office of the Corps of Engineers, Milwaukee, Wis. The conference related to the probably effect on ground-water conditions at Battle Creek of flood-control measures proposed by the Corps of Engineers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5071","usgsCitation":"Eddy, G., and Ferris, J., 1950, Relation of ground water to stream flow at Battle Creek, Mich.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-71, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5071.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5071.jpg"},{"id":286578,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0071/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Battle Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.298024,42.246071 ], [ -85.298024,42.359433 ], [ -85.131951,42.359433 ], [ -85.131951,42.246071 ], [ -85.298024,42.246071 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c2a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy, G.E.","contributorId":34996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferris, J.G.","contributorId":12453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52951,"text":"ofr5072 - 1950 - Probable effects on ground-water resources from construction of the proposed Grand River cut-off channel west of Lansing, Mich.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T08:17:24","indexId":"ofr5072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-72","title":"Probable effects on ground-water resources from construction of the proposed Grand River cut-off channel west of Lansing, Mich.","docAbstract":"This memorandum summarize information brought out in correspondence between the office of the District Engineer of the Milwaukee District, U.S. Corps of Engineers, and the District Office of the Ground Water Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey at Lansing, Mich., concerning the probable effects on the ground-water resources of the Lansing area from the construction of a proposed flood-water cut-off channel for the Grand River to extend from Millett to Delta Mills, in Eaton County, Mich.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5072","usgsCitation":"Ferris, J.G., 1950, Probable effects on ground-water resources from construction of the proposed Grand River cut-off channel west of Lansing, Mich.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-72, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5072.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288717,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0072/report.pdf"},{"id":288718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Lansing","otherGeospatial":"Grand River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.701274,42.647483 ], [ -84.701274,42.76988 ], [ -84.417581,42.76988 ], [ -84.417581,42.647483 ], [ -84.701274,42.647483 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db6919e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferris, John G.","contributorId":14251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52953,"text":"ofr5074 - 1950 - Estimated use of ground water in the United States, 1945","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr5074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-74","title":"Estimated use of ground water in the United States, 1945","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5074","usgsCitation":"Guyton, W., 1950, Estimated use of ground water in the United States, 1945: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-74, 5 p.; 7 figs.; tables included in Circular 117, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5074.","productDescription":"5 p.; 7 figs.; tables included in Circular 117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100271,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0074/report.pdf","size":"7158","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guyton, W.F.","contributorId":11688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guyton","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52954,"text":"ofr5075 - 1950 - Water-supply investigation of Sanastee area, Navajo Indian Reservation, San Juan County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr5075","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-75","title":"Water-supply investigation of Sanastee area, Navajo Indian Reservation, San Juan County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5075","usgsCitation":"Halpenny, L., Harshbarger, J.W., and Hem, J., 1950, Water-supply investigation of Sanastee area, Navajo Indian Reservation, San Juan County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-75, 26 p., 1 plate, 2 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5075.","productDescription":"26 p., 1 plate, 2 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100272,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0075/report.pdf","size":"14611","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100273,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0075/plate-1.pdf","size":"7114","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0075/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halpenny, L.C.","contributorId":40967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpenny","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harshbarger, J. W.","contributorId":22309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harshbarger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":52956,"text":"ofr5076 - 1950 - Delivery of water in the Brazos River from Possum Kingdom Reservoir to Richmond, Texas during August and September, 1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T15:12:04","indexId":"ofr5076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-76","title":"Delivery of water in the Brazos River from Possum Kingdom Reservoir to Richmond, Texas during August and September, 1948","docAbstract":"Unusual drought conditions in the summer of 1948 led the irrigators in the lower Brazos River Valley to request releases from Possum Kingdom Reservoir primarily for the irrigation of rice.
The purpose of this study is to determine the time of travel. The first release is identified as that passing the Palo Pinto gage, 20 miles downstream from the reservoir, from August 9 to 16, 1948; the second release is that from August 16 to 30; and the third release is that from August 30 to September 6.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr5076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Board of Water Engineers","usgsCitation":"Havelka, D., 1950, Delivery of water in the Brazos River from Possum Kingdom Reservoir to Richmond, Texas during August and September, 1948: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-76, Report: 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5076.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1948-08-01","temporalEnd":"1948-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5076.JPG"},{"id":290656,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Richmond","otherGeospatial":"Brazos River, Possum Kingdom Reservoir","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66f5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havelka, D. E.","contributorId":118225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havelka","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52957,"text":"ofr5077 - 1950 - Some aspects of the ground-water future in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr5077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-77","title":"Some aspects of the ground-water future in Iowa","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5077","usgsCitation":"Hershey, H., 1950, Some aspects of the ground-water future in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-77, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5077.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e9e4b07f02db5e948c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershey, H.G.","contributorId":88814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershey","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52958,"text":"ofr5078 - 1950 - Chemical composition of Texas surface waters, 1949","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T11:16:37","indexId":"ofr5078","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-78","title":"Chemical composition of Texas surface waters, 1949","docAbstract":"This report is the fifth the a series of publications by the Texas Board of Water Engineers giving chemical analyses of the surface waters in the State of Texas. The samples for which data are given were collected between October 1, 1948 and September 30, 1949. During the water year 25 daily sampling stations were maintained by the Geological Survey. Sampled were collected less frequently during the year at many other points. Quality of water records for previous years can be found in the following reports: \"Chemical Composition of Texas Surface Waters, 1938-1945,\" by W. W. Hastings, and J. H. Rowley; \"Chemical Composition of Texas Surface Waters, 1946,\" by W. W. Hastings and B. Irelan; \"Chemical Composition of Texas Surface Waters, 1947,\" by B. Irelan and J. R. Avrett; \"Chemical Composition of Texas Surface Waters, 1948,\" by B. Irelan, D. E. Weaver, and J. R. Avrett. These reports may be obtained from the Texas Board of Water Engineers and Geological Survey at Austin, Texas.
\nSamples for chemical analysis were collected daily at or near points on streams where gaging stations are maintained for measurement of discharge. Most of the analyses were made of 10-day composites of daily samples collected for a year at each sampling point. Three composite samples were usually prepared each month by mixing together equal quantities of daily samples collected for the 1st to the 10th, from the 11th to the 20th, and during the remainder of the month. Monthly composites were made at a few stations where variation in daily conductance was small. For some streams that are subject to sudden large changes in chemical composition, composite samples were made for shorter periods on the basis of the concentration of dissolved solids as indicated by measurement of specific conductance of the daily samples.
\nThe mean discharge for the composite period is reported in second-feet. Specific conductance values are expressed as \"micromhos, K x 10 at 25° C.\" Silica, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, and nitrate are reported in parts per million. The quantity of dissolved solids is given in tons per acre-foot, tons per day (if discharge records are available), and parts per million. The total and non-carbonate hardness are reported as parts per million calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
\nFor those analyses where sodium and potassium are reported separately, \"recent sodium\" will include the equivalent quantity of sodium only. In analyses where sodium and potassium were calculated and reported as a combined value, the \"percent sodium\" will include the equivalent quantity of sodium and potassium.
\nWeighted average analyses are given for most daily sampling stations. The weighted average analysis represent approximately the composition of water that would be found in a reservoir containing all the water passing a given station during the year after through mixing in the reservoir.
\nSamples were analyzed according to method regularly used by the Geological Survey. These methods are essentially the same or are modifications of methods described in recognized authoritative publications for mineral analysis of water samples.
\nThese quality of water records have been collected as part of the cooperative investigations of the water resources of Texas conducted by the Geological Survey and the Texas Board of Water Engineers. Much of the work would have been impossible without the support of the following Federal State, and local agencies The United States Bureau of Reclamation, U. S. Corps of Engineers, Brazos River Conservation and Reclamation District, Lower Colorado River Authority, Red Bluff Water Power Control District, City of Amarillo, City of Abilene, and City of Forth Worth.
\nThe investigations were under the firection of Burdge Irelan, District Chemist, Austin, Texas. Analyses of water samples were made by Clara J. Carter, Lee J. Freeman, Homer D. Smith, Dorothy M. Suttle, DeForrest E. Weaver, and Clarence T. Welborn. Calculations of weighted averages were made by James R. Avrett, Burdge Irelan, Dorothy M. Suttle, and DeForrest E. Weaver.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas State Board of Water Engineers","doi":"10.3133/ofr5078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey and others under the direction of Burdge Irelan, District Chemist","usgsCitation":"Irelan, B., 1950, Chemical composition of Texas surface waters, 1949: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-78, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5078.","productDescription":"67 p.","numberOfPages":"72","temporalStart":"1948-10-01","temporalEnd":"1949-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5078.jpg"},{"id":286584,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0078/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.65,25.84 ], [ -106.65,36.5 ], [ -93.51,36.5 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -106.65,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irelan, Burdge","contributorId":15991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irelan","given":"Burdge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52959,"text":"ofr5079 - 1950 - Memorandum on ground-water conditions in the Huachipato-Talcahuano area near Concepcion, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr5079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-79","title":"Memorandum on ground-water conditions in the Huachipato-Talcahuano area near Concepcion, Chile","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5079","usgsCitation":"Jones, P., 1950, Memorandum on ground-water conditions in the Huachipato-Talcahuano area near Concepcion, Chile: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-79, 5 p., 1 plate, 5 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5079.","productDescription":"5 p., 1 plate, 5 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, P.H.","contributorId":50963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52961,"text":"ofr5081 - 1950 - The relation of ground water to irrigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr5081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-81","title":"The relation of ground water to irrigation","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5081","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., 1950, The relation of ground water to irrigation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-81, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5081.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52962,"text":"ofr5082 - 1950 - Salinity of ground water at sampling wells located in southeastern Nassau County, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T08:48:41","indexId":"ofr5082","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-82","title":"Salinity of ground water at sampling wells located in southeastern Nassau County, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"In 1939, a special program for the systematic collection of chloride data in southeastern Nassau County was inaugurated in which three agencies participated. The Nassau County Department of Public Works constructed the sampling wells, the Ground Water Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey began to collect at period intervals water samples which were analysed at the Mount Prospect Laboratory of the New York Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, The Nassau County Department of Public Works and the U.S. Geological Survey have continued financial cooperation for the maintenance of this program up to the present time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Suvey","publisherLocation":"Mineola, NY","doi":"10.3133/ofr5082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and New York City Department of Water Supply Gas and Electricity","usgsCitation":"Lusczynski, N.J., 1950, Salinity of ground water at sampling wells located in southeastern Nassau County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-82, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5082.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286587,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0082/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","city":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.766698,40.57309 ], [ -73.766698,40.946876 ], [ -73.423259,40.946876 ], [ -73.423259,40.57309 ], [ -73.766698,40.57309 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdfca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusczynski, Norbert J.","contributorId":93465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusczynski","given":"Norbert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52963,"text":"ofr5083 - 1950 - Withdrawal of ground water and pond water on Long Island from 1904 to 1949","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T09:31:23","indexId":"ofr5083","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-83","title":"Withdrawal of ground water and pond water on Long Island from 1904 to 1949","docAbstract":"For more than 50 years the highly productive and readily replenishable water-bearing sands and gravels on Long Island -- capable of yielding an average of at least 1,000 million gallons a day -- and also some surface streams and ponds have been utilized on a large scale of public water supply and industrial, agricultural and domestic uses. During the drought months of 1949, when many surface and groundwater supplied were being depleted at an alarming rate in many localities in the Northeast, the abundant water resources of Long Island provided sufficient water for public water supply for a large number of private companies and municipalities, as well as for large emergency drafts by the City of New York. In addition they kept industrial concerns from curtailing production, saved millions of dollars of potato, cauliflower, and other Long Island crops, and even furnished, during the summer heat, comfort cooling and theatergoers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mineola, NY","doi":"10.3133/ofr5083","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York Water Power and Control Commission, Nassau County Department of Public Works, Suffolk County Board of Supervisors, Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Lusczynski, N.J., 1950, Withdrawal of ground water and pond water on Long Island from 1904 to 1949: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-83, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5083.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","temporalStart":"1904-01-01","temporalEnd":"1949-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286592,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0083/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.0419,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,40.5418 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df9be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusczynski, Norbert J.","contributorId":93465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusczynski","given":"Norbert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52964,"text":"ofr5084 - 1950 - Piezometric levels from 1948 through 1950 for wells screened in the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T09:35:17","indexId":"ofr5084","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-84","title":"Piezometric levels from 1948 through 1950 for wells screened in the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Since 1932, the United States Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York Water Power and Control Commission, the Nassau County Department of Public Works, the Suffolk County Board of Supervisors, and later also with the Suffolk County Water Authority, has been making both general and detailed studied dealing with the occurrence, movement, quantity, quality, and temperature of ground water found in the several water-bearing formations on Long Island. In the first years most of the emphasis was placed on studying the shallow water-table beds of Pleistocene age, although geologic and hydrologic information was obtained for the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation of upper Cretaceous age, the deepest water-bearing beds on Long Island, as well as for other artesian formations above the Lloyd.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mineola, NY","doi":"10.3133/ofr5084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperative with the New York Water Power and Control Commission, Nassau County Department of Public Works, Suffolk County Board of Supervisors, and the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Lusczynski, N.J., 1950, Piezometric levels from 1948 through 1950 for wells screened in the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-84, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5084.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","temporalStart":"1948-01-01","temporalEnd":"1950-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286595,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0084/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Long Island","otherGeospatial":"Raritan Formation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.0419,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,40.5418 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusczynski, Norbert J.","contributorId":93465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusczynski","given":"Norbert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52965,"text":"ofr5085 - 1950 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton Irrigation Project, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52965,"text":"ofr5085 - 1950 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton Irrigation Project, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr5085","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton Irrigation Project, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2336,"text":"wsp1375 - 1959 - Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","indexId":"wsp1375","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2336,"text":"wsp1375 - 1959 - Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","indexId":"wsp1375","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr5085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-85","title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton Irrigation Project, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5085","usgsCitation":"Morris, D.A., and Durum, W.H., 1950, Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton Irrigation Project, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-85, 108 p., 4 plates, 12 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5085.","productDescription":"108 p., 4 plates, 12 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, D. A.","contributorId":56204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52966,"text":"ofr5086 - 1950 - Progress report on ground-water investigation in Ashley Valley, Uintah County, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52966,"text":"ofr5086 - 1950 - Progress report on ground-water investigation in Ashley Valley, Uintah County, Utah","indexId":"ofr5086","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on ground-water investigation in Ashley Valley, Uintah County, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043723,"text":"70043723 - 1977 - Hydrologic evaluation of Ashley Valley, northern Uinta basin area, Utah","indexId":"70043723","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic evaluation of Ashley Valley, northern Uinta basin area, Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043723,"text":"70043723 - 1977 - Hydrologic evaluation of Ashley Valley, northern Uinta basin area, Utah","indexId":"70043723","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic evaluation of Ashley Valley, northern Uinta basin area, Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-09T11:08:42","indexId":"ofr5086","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-86","title":"Progress report on ground-water investigation in Ashley Valley, Uintah County, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.