{"pageNumber":"267","pageRowStart":"6650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70028600,"text":"70028600 - 2006 - From agricultural geology to hydropedology: Forging links within the twenty-first-century geoscience community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T11:41:41","indexId":"70028600","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From agricultural geology to hydropedology: Forging links within the twenty-first-century geoscience community","docAbstract":"Despite historical linkages, the fields of geology and soil science have developed along largely divergent paths in the United States during much of the mid- to late-twentieth century. The shift in recent decades within both disciplines, towards greater emphasis on environmental-quality issues and a systems approach, has created new opportunities for collaboration and cross-training. Because of the importance of the soil as a dynamic interface between the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere, introductory and advanced soil-science classes are now taught in a number of Earth and environmental science departments. The National Research Council's recent report, Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science, highlights the soil zone as part of the land surface to groundwater 'critical zone' requiring additional investigation. To better prepare geology undergraduates to deal with complex environmental problems, their training should include a fundamental understanding of the nature and properties of soils. Those undergraduate geology students with an interest in this area should be encouraged to view soil science as a viable Earth-science specialty area for graduate study. ?? The Geological Society of London 2006.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","issn":"03058719","isbn":"1862392072; 9781862392076","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 2006, From agricultural geology to hydropedology: Forging links within the twenty-first-century geoscience community: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 266, p. 133-140.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"266","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13f4e4b0c8380cd54845","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Frossard E.Blum W.E.H.Warkentin B.P.","contributorId":128298,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Frossard E.Blum W.E.H.Warkentin B.P.","id":536641,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175732,"text":"70175732 - 2006 - Hydroecological modeling of the Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:37:30","indexId":"70175732","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydroecological modeling of the Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract avaikable&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the third federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference","conferenceTitle":"Third federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H., Jacobson, R., and DeLonay, A., 2006, Hydroecological modeling of the Lower Missouri River, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the third federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference, Reno, NV, p. 1-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc66e4b03fd6b7d94c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, H.E.","contributorId":56757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLonay, A. J. 0000-0002-3752-2799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":34246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045419,"text":"70045419 - 2006 - Michigan Water Year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T10:51:50","indexId":"70045419","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":389,"text":"Water Resources Data","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"MI-05-1","title":"Michigan Water Year 2005","docAbstract":"This volume of the annual hydrologic data report of Michigan is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic information needed by State, local, and Federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/70045419","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Blumer, S.P., Whited, C., Ellis, J., Minnerick, R., and LeuVoy, R., 2006, Michigan Water Year 2005: Water Resources Data MI-05-1, xviii, 554 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045419.","productDescription":"xviii, 554 p.","numberOfPages":"594","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045417/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272727,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045417/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.516667,41.683333 ], [ -90.516667,48.250000 ], [ -82.433333,48.250000 ], [ -82.433333,41.683333 ], [ -90.516667,41.683333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216ce4b0411d430a8a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blumer, S. P.","contributorId":23938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whited, C.R.","contributorId":49387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whited","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, J.M.","contributorId":29502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeuVoy, R.L.","contributorId":56706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeuVoy","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70171290,"text":"70171290 - 2006 - Coastal groundwater/surface-water interactions: a Great Lakes case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T11:09:42","indexId":"70171290","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"22","title":"Coastal groundwater/surface-water interactions: a Great Lakes case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Key similarities exist between marine and Great Lakes coastal environments. Water and nutrient fluxes across lakebeds in the Great Lakes are influenced by seiche and wind set-up and set-down, analogous to tidal influence in marine settings. Groundwater/surface-water interactions also commonly involve a saline-fresh water interface, although in the Great-Lakes cases, it is groundwater that is commonly saline and surface water that is fresh. Evapotranspiration also affects nearshore hydrology in both settings. Interactions between groundwater and surface water have recently been identified as an important component of ecological processes in the Great Lakes. Water withdrawals and the reversal of the groundwater/surface water seepage gradient are also common to many coastal areas around the Great Lakes. As compared to surface water, regional groundwater that discharges to western Lake Erie from Michigan is highly mineralized. Studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey at Erie State Game Area in southeastern Michigan, describe groundwater flow dynamics and chemistry, shallow lake-water chemistry, and fish and invertebrate communities. Results presented here provide an overview of recent progress of ongoing interdisciplinary studies of Great Lakes nearshore systems and describe a conceptual model that identifies relations among geologic, hydrologic, chemical, and biological processes in the coastal habitats of Lake Erie. This conceptual model is based on analysis of hydraulic head in piezometers at the study site and chemical analysis of deep and shallow coastal groundwater.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal hydrology and processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Water Resources Publications","usgsCitation":"Neff, B., Haack, S.K., Rosenberry, D.O., Savino, J.F., and Lundstrom, S.C., 2006, Coastal groundwater/surface-water interactions: a Great Lakes case study, chap. 22 <i>of</i> Coastal hydrology and processes, p. 289-295.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"295","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wrpllc.com/books/chp.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2de4b07e28b664db8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, Brian P.","contributorId":27548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"Brian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lundstrom, Scott C. 0000-0003-4149-2219 sclundst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-2219","contributorId":2446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Scott","email":"sclundst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030738,"text":"70030738 - 2006 - Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:23:18","indexId":"70030738","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Characterization of the physical and unsaturated hydrologic properties of subsurface materials is necessary to calculate flow and transport for land use practices and to evaluate subsurface processes such as perched water or lateral diversion of water, which are influenced by features such as faults, fractures, and abrupt changes in lithology. Input for numerical flow models typically includes parameters that describe hydrologic properties and the initial and boundary conditions for all materials in the unsaturated zone, such as bulk density, porosity, and particle density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture-retention characteristics, and field water content. We describe an approach for systematically evaluating the site features that contribute to water flow, using physical and hydraulic data collected at the laboratory scale, to provide a representative set of physical and hydraulic parameters for numerically calculating flow of water through the materials at a site. An example case study from analyses done for the heterogeneous, layered, volcanic rocks at Yucca Mountain is presented, but the general approach for parameterization could be applied at any site where depositional processes follow deterministic patterns. Hydrogeologic units at this site were defined using (i) a database developed from 5320 rock samples collected from the coring of 23 shallow (&lt;100 m) and 10 deep (500–1000 m) boreholes, (ii) lithostratigraphic boundaries and corresponding relations to porosity, (iii) transition zones with pronounced changes in properties over short vertical distances, (iv) characterization of the influence of mineral alteration on hydrologic properties such as permeability and moisture-retention characteristics, and (v) a statistical analysis to evaluate where boundaries should be adjusted to minimize the variance within layers. Model parameters developed in this study, and the relation of flow properties to porosity, can be used to produce detailed and accurate representations of the core-scale hydrologic processes ongoing at Yucca Mountain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.0180","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Buesch, D.C., and Flint, A.L., 2006, Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 1, p. 480-492, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0180.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"492","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e8e4b0c8380cd4bfce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028037,"text":"70028037 - 2006 - Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028037","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa","docAbstract":"Riparian zones of many incised channels in agricultural regions are cropped to the channel edge leaving them unvegetated for large portions of the year. In this study we evaluated surface and groundwater interaction in the riparian zone of an incised stream during a spring high flow period using detailed stream stage and hydraulic head data from six wells, and water quality sampling to determine whether the riparian zone can be a source of nitrate pollution to streams. Study results indicated that bank storage of stream water from Walnut Creek during a large storm water runoff event was limited to a narrow 1.6 m zone immediately adjacent to the channel. Nitrate concentrations in riparian groundwater were highest near the incised stream where the unsaturated zone was thickest. Nitrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations and nitrate-chloride ratios increased during a spring recharge period then decreased in the latter portion of the study. We used MODFLOW and MT3DMS to evaluate dilution and denitrification processes that would contribute to decreasing nitrate concentrations in riparian groundwater over time. MT3DMS model simulations were improved with a denitrification rate of 0.02 1/d assigned to the floodplain sediments implying that denitrification plays an important role in reducing nitrate concentrations in groundwater. We conclude that riparian zones of incised channels can potentially be a source of nitrate to streams during spring recharge periods when the near-stream riparian zone is largely unvegetated. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., Li, Z., and Zhang, Y., 2006, Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa: Journal of Hydrology, v. 327, no. 1-2, p. 140-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014.","startPage":"140","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014"}],"volume":"327","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dd1e4b0c8380cd5c057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028041,"text":"70028041 - 2006 - Processes affecting transport of uranium in a suboxic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T07:45:57","indexId":"70028041","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes affecting transport of uranium in a suboxic aquifer","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p><span>At the Naturita site in Colorado, USA, groundwaters were sampled and analyzed for chemical composition and by culture and culture-independent microbiological techniques. In addition, sediments were extracted with a dilute&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about sodium carbonates\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sodium-carbonates\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sodium-carbonates\">sodium carbonate</a>&nbsp;solution to determine quantities of labile&nbsp;</span><a title=\"Learn more about uranium\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/uranium\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/uranium\">uranium</a><span>&nbsp;within the sediments. Samples from the upgradient portion of the contaminated&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about aquifer\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/aquifer\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/aquifer\">aquifer</a>, where very little dissolved Fe(II) is found in the groundwater, have uranium content that is controlled by U(VI)&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Adsorption\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/adsorption\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/adsorption\">adsorption</a>&nbsp;and few metal-reducing bacteria are observed. In the extreme downgradient portion of the aquifer, where dissolved Fe(II) is observed, uranium content of the sediments includes significant quantities of reduced U(IV) and diverse populations of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria were present in the subsurface with the potential of reducing U(VI) to U(IV).</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.005","issn":"14747065","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Curtis, G., Wilkins, M., Kohler, M., Fox, P., Naftz, D.L., and Lloyd, J., 2006, Processes affecting transport of uranium in a suboxic aquifer: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 31, no. 10-14, p. 548-555, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.005.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"555","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.005"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dabe4b0c8380cd7ed66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilkins, M.J.","contributorId":46292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkins","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohler, M.","contributorId":32694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fox, P.","contributorId":59213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lloyd, J.R.","contributorId":42769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028042,"text":"70028042 - 2006 - Application of environmental tracers to mixing, evolution, and nitrate contamination of ground water in Jeju Island, Korea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:37:28","indexId":"70028042","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of environmental tracers to mixing, evolution, and nitrate contamination of ground water in Jeju Island, Korea","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id22\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id23\"><p>Tritium/helium-3 (<sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup><span>He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were investigated as environmental tracers in ground water from Jeju Island (Republic of Korea), a basaltic&nbsp;volcanic island. Ground-water mixing was evaluated by comparing&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H and CFC-12 concentrations with lumped-parameter dispersion models, which distinguished old water recharged before the 1950s with negligible<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H and CFC-12 from younger water. Low<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>H levels in a considerable number of samples cannot be explained by the mixing models, and were interpreted as binary mixing of old and younger water; a process also identified in&nbsp;alkalinity&nbsp;and pH of ground water. The ground-water CFC-12 age is much older in water from wells completed in confined zones of the hydro-volcanic Seogwipo Formation in coastal areas than in water from the basaltic&nbsp;aquifer. Major&nbsp;cation&nbsp;concentrations are much higher in young water with high&nbsp;nitrate&nbsp;than those in uncontaminated old water.&nbsp;Chemical evolution&nbsp;of ground water resulting from&nbsp;silicate&nbsp;weathering in basaltic rocks reaches the zeolite–smectite phase boundary. The&nbsp;calcite&nbsp;saturation state of ground water increases with the CFC-12 apparent (piston flow) age. In agricultural areas, the temporal trend of nitrate concentration in ground water is consistent with the known history of&nbsp;chemical fertilizer&nbsp;use on the island, but increase of nitrate concentration in ground water is more abrupt after the late 1970s compared with the exponential growth of nitrogen inputs.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.021","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Koh, D., Plummer, N., Kip, S.D., Busenberg, E., Kim, Y., and Chang, H., 2006, Application of environmental tracers to mixing, evolution, and nitrate contamination of ground water in Jeju Island, Korea: Journal of Hydrology, v. 327, no. 1-2, p. 258-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.021.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.021"}],"country":"Korea","otherGeospatial":"Jeju Island","volume":"327","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9ee4b0c8380cd493a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koh, D.-C.","contributorId":103066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"D.-C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kip, Solomon D.","contributorId":107484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kip","given":"Solomon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kim, Y.-J.","contributorId":16208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Y.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chang, H.-W.","contributorId":7067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"H.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028099,"text":"70028099 - 2006 - Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:10:46","indexId":"70028099","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">A radioisotope method was devised to study bacterial respiratory reduction of arsenate in sediments. The following two arsenic-rich soda lakes in California were chosen for comparison on the basis of their different salinities: Mono Lake (∼90 g/liter) and Searles Lake (∼340 g/liter). Profiles of arsenate reduction and sulfate reduction were constructed for both lakes. Reduction of [<sup>73</sup>As]arsenate occurred at all depth intervals in the cores from Mono Lake (rate constant [<i>k</i>] = 0.103 to 0.04 h<sup>−1</sup>) and Searles Lake (<i>k</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.012 to 0.002 h<sup>−1</sup>), and the highest activities occurred in the top sections of each core. In contrast, [<sup>35</sup>S]sulfate reduction was measurable in Mono Lake (<i>k</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 7.6 ×10<sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 3.2 × 10<sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>h<sup>−1</sup>) but not in Searles Lake. Sediment DNA was extracted, PCR amplified, and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to obtain phylogenetic markers (i.e., 16S rRNA genes) and a partial functional gene for dissimilatory arsenate reduction (<i>arrA</i>). The amplified<span>&nbsp;</span><i>arrA</i><span>&nbsp;</span>gene product showed a similar trend in both lakes; the signal was strongest in surface sediments and decreased to undetectable levels deeper in the sediments. More<span>&nbsp;</span><i>arrA</i><span>&nbsp;</span>gene signal was observed in Mono Lake and was detectable at a greater depth, despite the higher arsenate reduction activity observed in Searles Lake. A partial sequence (about 900 bp) was obtained for a clone (SLAS-3) that matched the dominant DGGE band found in deeper parts of the Searles Lake sample (below 3 cm), and this clone was found to be closely related to SLAS-1, a novel extremophilic arsenate respirer previously cultivated from Searles Lake.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01066-06","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Kulp, T., Hoeft, S., Miller, L., Saltikov, C., Murphy, J., Han, S., Lanoil, B., and Oremland, R., 2006, Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 10, p. 6514-6526, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01066-06.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6514","endPage":"6526","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477364,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1610296","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01066-06"},{"id":237157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0229e4b0c8380cd4fefb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulp, T.R.","contributorId":33032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoeft, S.E.","contributorId":24479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saltikov, C.","contributorId":77722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, J.N.","contributorId":39182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Han, S.","contributorId":60009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lanoil, B.","contributorId":96470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanoil","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028110,"text":"70028110 - 2006 - Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:06:12","indexId":"70028110","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id14\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"><p>The ubiquitous presence of nonylphenolethoxylate/octylphenolethoxylate (NPE/OPE) compounds in aquatic environments adjacent to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) warrants an assessment of the endocrine disrupting potential of these complex mixtures on aquatic vertebrates. In this study, fathead minnow larvae were exposed for 64 days to a mixture of NPE/OPE, which closely models the NPE/OPE composition of a major metropolitan WWTP effluent. Target exposure concentrations included a total NPE/OPE mixture load of 200% of the WWTP effluent concentration (148&nbsp;μg/L), 100% of the WWTP effluent concentration (74&nbsp;μg/L) and 50% of the WWTP effluent concentration (38&nbsp;μg/L). The NPE/OPE mixture contained 0.2% 4-<i>t</i>-octylphenol, 2.8% 4-nonylphenol, 5.1% 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxylate, 9.3% 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate, 0.9% 4-<i>t</i>-octylphenolmonoethoxylate, 3.1% 4-<i>t</i>-octylphenoldiethoxylate, 33.8% 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxycarboxylate, and 44.8% 4-nonylphenoldiethoxycarboxylate. An additional exposure of 5&nbsp;μg/L 4-nonylphenol (nominal) was conducted. The exposure utilized a flow-through system supplied by ground water and designed to deliver consistent concentrations of applied chemicals. Following exposure, larvae were raised to maturity. Upon sexual maturation, exposed male fish were allowed to compete with control males in a competitive spawning assay. Nest holding ability of control and exposed fish was carefully monitored for 7 days. All male fish were then sacrificed and analyzed for plasma vitellogenin, developmental changes in gonadal tissues, alterations in the development of secondary sexual characters, morphometric changes, and changes to reproductive behavior. When exposed to the 200% NPE/OPE treatment most larvae died within the first 4 weeks of exposure. Both the 100% and 50% NPE/OPE exposures caused a significant decrease in reproductive behavior, as indicated by an inability of many of the previously exposed males to acquire and hold a nest site required for reproduction. In contrast, the 5&nbsp;μg/L 4-nonylphenol exposure resulted in significantly enhanced reproductive behavior compared to that of control males and a majority of the nesting sites were held by previously exposed males. No significant change in the development of gonadal tissues was observed. The 100% NPE/OPE exposure resulted in a significant reduction in the gonadal somatic index and in the prominence of secondary sexual characteristics of exposed larvae. This study indicates that NPE/OPE mixtures have an effect on the reproductive competence of previously exposed male fathead minnows. In addition, 4-nonylphenol concentrations utilized in all exposures were below regulatory guidelines, suggesting that evaluation of 4-nonylphenol alone may not be sufficient for identifying potentially adverse effects of this suite of compounds usually found as mixtures in the aquatic environment.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Bistodeau, T., Barber, L.B., Bartell, S., Cediel, R., Grove, K., Klaustermeier, J., Woodard, J., Lee, K.E., and Schoenfuss, H., 2006, Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 268-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44ade4b0c8380cd66cc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bistodeau, T.J.","contributorId":59697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bistodeau","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartell, S.E.","contributorId":40817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cediel, R.A.","contributorId":100626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cediel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grove, K.J.","contributorId":95282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klaustermeier, J.","contributorId":57735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaustermeier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodard, J.C.","contributorId":35203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodard","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028118,"text":"70028118 - 2006 - Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028118","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns","docAbstract":"A mesoscale (21??m in flow distance) infiltration and seepage test was recently conducted in a deep, unsaturated fractured rock system at the crossover point of two underground tunnels. Water was released from a 3??m ?? 4??m infiltration plot on the floor of an alcove in the upper tunnel, and seepage was collected from the ceiling of a niche in the lower tunnel. Significant temporal and (particularly) spatial variabilities were observed in both measured infiltration and seepage rates. To analyze the test results, a three-dimensional unsaturated flow model was used. A column-based scheme was developed to capture heterogeneous hydraulic properties reflected by these spatial variabilities observed. Fracture permeability and van Genuchten ?? parameter [van Genuchten, M.T., 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 892-898] were calibrated for each rock column in the upper and lower hydrogeologic units in the test bed. The calibrated fracture properties for the infiltration and seepage zone enabled a good match between simulated and measured (spatially varying) seepage rates. The numerical model was also able to capture the general trend of the highly transient seepage processes through a discrete fracture network. The calibrated properties and measured infiltration/seepage rates were further compared with mapped discrete fracture patterns at the top and bottom boundaries. The measured infiltration rates and calibrated fracture permeability of the upper unit were found to be partially controlled by the fracture patterns on the infiltration plot (as indicated by their positive correlations with fracture density). However, no correlation could be established between measured seepage rates and density of fractures mapped on the niche ceiling. This lack of correlation indicates the complexity of (preferential) unsaturated flow within the discrete fracture network. This also indicates that continuum-based modeling of unsaturated flow in fractured rock at mesoscale or a larger scale is not necessarily conditional explicitly on discrete fracture patterns. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Zhou, Q., Salve, R., Liu, H., Wang, J., and Hudson, D., 2006, Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 87, no. 1-2, p. 96-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001.","startPage":"96","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001"},{"id":236947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb02e4b0c8380cd48b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Q. 0000-0002-1282-8177","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8177","contributorId":93164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salve, R.","contributorId":37516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salve","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, H.-H.","contributorId":14618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, J.S.Y.","contributorId":20529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"J.S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, D.","contributorId":101064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028126,"text":"70028126 - 2006 - Modeling effects of multinode wells on solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:42:35","indexId":"70028126","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling effects of multinode wells on solute transport","docAbstract":"Long-screen wells or long open boreholes with intraborehole flow potentially provide pathways for contaminants to move from one location to another in a ground water flow system. Such wells also can perturb a flow field so that the well will not provide water samples that are representative of ground water quality a short distance away from the well. A methodology is presented to accurately and efficiently simulate solute transport in ground water systems that include wells longer than the grid spacing used in a simulation model of the system and hence are connected to multiple nodes of the grid. The methods are implemented in a MODFLOW-compatible solute-transport model and use MODFLOW's Multi-Node Well Package but are generic and can be readily implemented in other solute-transport models. For nonpumping multinode wells (used to simulate open boreholes or observation wells, for example) and for low-rate pumping wells (in which the flow between the well and the ground water system is not unidirectional), a simple routing and local mixing model was developed to calculate nodal concentrations within the borehole. For high-rate pumping multinode wells (either withdrawal or injection, in which flow between the well and the ground water system is in the same direction at all well nodes), complete and instantaneous mixing in the wellbore of all inflows is assumed.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00231.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Hornberger, G., 2006, Modeling effects of multinode wells on solute transport: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 5, p. 648-660, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00231.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"648","endPage":"660","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00231.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf5e4b0c8380cd6f919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028134,"text":"70028134 - 2006 - The composite method: An improved method for stream-water solute load estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028134","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The composite method: An improved method for stream-water solute load estimation","docAbstract":"The composite method is an alternative method for estimating stream-water solute loads, combining aspects of two commonly used methods: the regression-model method (which is used by the composite method to predict variations in concentrations between collected samples) and a period-weighted approach (which is used by the composite method to apply the residual concentrations from the regression model over time). The extensive dataset collected at the outlet of the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) near Atlanta, Georgia, USA, was used in data analyses for illustrative purposes. A bootstrap (subsampling) experiment (using the composite method and the PMRW dataset along with various fixed-interval and large storm sampling schemes) obtained load estimates for the 8-year study period with a magnitude of the bias of less than 1%, even for estimates that included the fewest number of samples. Precisions were always <2% on a study period and annual basis, and <2% precisions were obtained for quarterly and monthly time intervals for estimates that had better sampling. The bias and precision of composite-method load estimates varies depending on the variability in the regression-model residuals, how residuals systematically deviated from the regression model over time, sampling design, and the time interval of the load estimate. The regression-model method did not estimate loads precisely during shorter time intervals, from annually to monthly, because the model could not explain short-term patterns in the observed concentrations. Load estimates using the period-weighted approach typically are biased as a result of sampling distribution and are accurate only with extensive sampling. The formulation of the composite method facilitates exploration of patterns (trends) contained in the unmodelled portion of the load. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6147","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B., and Hooper, R.P., 2006, The composite method: An improved method for stream-water solute load estimation: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 14, p. 3029-3047, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6147.","startPage":"3029","endPage":"3047","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6147"},{"id":237228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa49e4b08c986b3227af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028137,"text":"70028137 - 2006 - The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028137","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary","docAbstract":"Northern Nevada hosts the only province that contains multiple world-class Carlin-type gold deposits. The first-order control on the uniqueness of this province is its anomalous far back-arc tectonic setting over the rifted North American paleocontinental margin that separates Precambrian from Phanerozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Globally, most other significant gold provinces form in volcanic arcs and accreted terranes proximal to convergent margins. In northern Nevada, periodic reactivation of basement faults along this margin focused and amplified subsequent geological events. Early basement faults localized Devonian synsedimentary extension and normal faulting. These controlled the geometry of the Devonian sedimentary basin architecture and focused the discharge of basinal brines that deposited syngenetic gold along the basin margins. Inversion of these basins and faults during subsequent contraction produced the complex elongate structural culminations that characterize the anomalous mineral deposit \"trends.\" Subsequently, these features localized repeated episodes of shallow magmatic and hydrothermal activity that also deposited some gold. During a pulse of Eocene extension, these faults focused advection of Carlin-type fluids, which had the opportunity to leach gold from gold-enriched sequences and deposit it in reactive miogeoclinal host rocks below the hydrologic seal at the Roberts Mountain thrust contact. Hence, the vast endowment of the Carlin province resulted from the conjunction of spatially superposed events localized by long-lived basement structures in a highly anomalous tectonic setting, rather than by the sole operation of special magmatic or fluid-related processes. An important indicator of the longevity of this basement control is the superposition of different gold deposit types (e.g., Sedex, porphyry, Carlin-type, epithermal, and hot spring deposits) that formed repeatedly between the Devonian and Miocene time along the trends. Interestingly, the large Cretaceous Alaska-Yukon intrusion-related gold deposits (e.g., Fort Knox) are associated with the northern extension of the same lithospheric margin in the Selwyn basin, which experienced an analogous series of geologic events. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., Groves, D., Hofstra, A., and Bierlein, F., 2006, The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary: Mineralium Deposita, v. 41, no. 6, p. 517-525, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3"},{"id":237298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac84e4b08c986b32354f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bierlein, F.P.","contributorId":74945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierlein","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028143,"text":"70028143 - 2006 - Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:17:23","indexId":"70028143","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id16\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id17\"><p>Atmospheric concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg<sup>0</sup>), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and particulate Hg (pHg) concentrations were measured in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), U.S.A. using high resolution, real time atmospheric mercury analyzers (Tekran 2537A, 1130, and 1135). A survey of Hg<sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations at various locations within YNP showed that concentrations generally reflect global background concentrations of 1.5–2.0 ng m<sup>−&nbsp;3</sup>, but a few specific locations associated with concentrated geothermal activity showed distinctly elevated Hg<sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations (about 9.0 ng m<sup>−&nbsp;3</sup>). At the site of intensive study located centrally in YNP (Canyon Village), Hg<sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations did not exceed 2.5 ng m<sup>−&nbsp;3</sup>; concentrations of RGM were generally below detection limits of 0.88 pg m<sup>−&nbsp;3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and never exceeded 5 pg m<sup>−&nbsp;3</sup>. Concentrations of pHg ranged from below detection limits to close to 30 pg m<sup>−3</sup>. RGM and pHg concentrations were not correlated with any criteria gases (SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>); however pHg was weakly correlated with the concentration of atmospheric particles. We investigated three likely sources of Hg at the intensive monitoring site: numerous geothermal features scattered throughout YNP, re-suspended soils, and wildfires near or in YNP. We examined relationships between the chemical properties of aerosols (as measured using real time, single particle mass spectrometry; aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer; ATOFMS) and concentrations of atmospheric pHg. Based on the presence of particles with distinct chemical signatures of the wildfires, and the absence of signatures associated with the other sources, we concluded that wildfires in the park were the main source of aerosols and associated pHg to our sampling site.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hall, B., Olson, M., Rutter, A., Frontiera, R., Krabbenhoft, D., Gross, D., Yuen, M., Rudolph, T., and Schauer, J., 2006, Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park: Science of the Total Environment, v. 367, no. 1, p. 354-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007"},{"id":236841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"367","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec3e4b0c8380cd49f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, B.D.","contributorId":42408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutter, A.P.","contributorId":41200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutter","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frontiera, R.R.","contributorId":98525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frontiera","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, D.S.","contributorId":13028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yuen, M.","contributorId":90923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rudolph, T.M.","contributorId":13803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schauer, J.J.","contributorId":93262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schauer","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028144,"text":"70028144 - 2006 - Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:07:32.735406","indexId":"70028144","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\"><span>Septic systems serve approximately 25% of U.S. households and may be an important source of estrogenic and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWC) to groundwater. We monitored several estrogenic OWC, including nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol mono- and diethoxycarboxylates (NP1EC and NP2EC), the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and other OWC such as methylene blue active substances (MBAS), caffeine and its degradation product paraxanthine, and two fluorescent whitening agents in a residential septic system and in downgradient groundwater. E1 and E2 were present predominantly as free estrogens in groundwater, and near-source groundwater concentrations of all OWC were highest in the suboxic to anoxic portion of the wastewater plume, where concentrations of most OWC were similar to those observed in the septic tank on the same day. NP and NP2EC were up to 6- to 30-fold higher, and caffeine and paraxanthine were each 60-fold lower than septic tank concentrations, suggesting net production and removal, respectively, of these constituents. At the most shallow, oxic depth, concentrations of all OWC except for NP2EC were substantially lower than in the tank and in deeper wells. Yet boron, specific conductance, and the sum of nitrate-and ammonia-nitrogen were highest at this shallow depth, suggesting preferential losses of OWC along the more oxic flow lines. As far as 6.0 m downgradient, concentrations of many OWC were within a factor of 2 of near-source concentrations. The results suggest that there is the potential for migration of these OWC, which are unregulated and not routinely monitored, in groundwater.</span></p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es052595","usgsCitation":"Swartz, C., Reddy, S., Benotti, M., Yin, H., Barber, L.B., Brownawell, B., and Rudel, R., 2006, Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 16, p. 4894-4902, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052595.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4894","endPage":"4902","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachsetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.938720703125,\n              41.42625319507269\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.6917724609375,\n              41.42625319507269\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.6917724609375,\n              42.15525946577863\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.938720703125,\n              42.15525946577863\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.938720703125,\n              41.42625319507269\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9838e4b08c986b31bef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swartz, C.H.","contributorId":60837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swartz","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, S.","contributorId":74563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benotti, M.J.","contributorId":21750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benotti","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yin, H.","contributorId":27661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brownawell, Bruce J.","contributorId":108264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownawell","given":"Bruce J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudel, R.A.","contributorId":29625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028145,"text":"70028145 - 2006 - Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:59:39","indexId":"70028145","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of changes in acid deposition rates resulting from the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 should first appear in stream waters during rainstorms and snowmelt, when the surface of the watershed is most hydrologically connected to the stream. Early detection of improved stream water quality is possible if trends at high flow could be separately determined. Trends in concentrations of sulfate (SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>), nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>), calcium plus magnesium (Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>+Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>), and acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) in Biscuit Brook, Catskill Mountains, New York, were assessed through segmented regression analysis (SRA). The method uses annual concentration‐to‐discharge relations to predict concentrations for specific discharges, then compares those annual values to determine trends at specific discharge levels. Median‐flow trends using SRA were comparable to those predicted by the seasonal Kendall tau test and a multiple regression residual analysis. All of these methods show that stream water SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations have decreased significantly since 1983; Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>+Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations have decreased at a steady but slower rate than SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>; and ANC shows no trend. The new SRA method, however, reveals trends that differ at specified flow levels. ANC has increased, and NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>concentrations have decreased at high flows, but neither has changed as significantly at low flows. The general downward trend in SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>flattened at median flow and reversed at high flow between 1997 and 2002. The reversal of the high‐flow SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>trend is consistent with increases in SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations in both precipitation and soil solutions at Biscuit Brook. Separate calculation of high‐flow trends provides resource managers with an early detection system for assessing changes in water quality resulting from changes in acidic deposition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003892","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Shanley, J.B., 2006, Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08407; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003892.","productDescription":"Article W08407; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff7be4b0c8380cd4f1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028148,"text":"70028148 - 2006 - Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T07:49:40","indexId":"70028148","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">This paper presents the design of a dynamic chamber system that allows full transmission of PAR and UV radiation and permits enclosed intact foliage to maintain normal physiological function while Hg(0) flux rates are quantified in the field. Black spruce and jack pine foliage both emitted and absorbed Hg(0), exhibiting compensation points near atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations of ∼2−3 ng m<sup>-</sup><sup>3</sup>. Using enriched stable Hg isotope spikes, patterns of spike Hg(II) retention on foliage were investigated. Hg(0) evasion rates from foliage were simultaneously measured using the chamber to determine if the decline of foliar spike Hg(II) concentrations over time could be explained by the photoreduction and re-emission of spike Hg to the atmosphere. This mass balance approach suggested that spike Hg(0) fluxes alone could not account for the measured decrease in spike Hg(II) on foliage following application, implying that either the chamber underestimates the true photoreduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) on foliage, or other mechanisms of Hg(II) loss from foliage, such as cuticle weathering, are in effect. The radiation spectrum responsible for the photoreduction of newly deposited Hg(II) on foliage was also investigated. Our spike experiments suggest that some of the Hg(II) in wet deposition retained by the forest canopy may be rapidly photoreduced to Hg(0) and re-emitted back to the atmosphere, while another portion may be retained by foliage at the end of the growing season, with some being deposited in litterfall. This finding has implications for the estimation of Hg dry deposition based on throughfall and litterfall fluxes.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0604616","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Graydon, J., , L., Lindberg, S., Hintelmann, H., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2006, Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 15, p. 4680-4688, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0604616.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4680","endPage":"4688","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0604616"}],"volume":"40","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e90e4b0c8380cd63e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graydon, J.A.","contributorId":7902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graydon","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":" Louis","contributorId":71353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindberg, S.E.","contributorId":87354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028164,"text":"70028164 - 2006 - Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T08:43:28","indexId":"70028164","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation","docAbstract":"Laboratory studies conducted with surface water sediment from a methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-contaminated site in South Carolina demonstrated that, under methanogenic conditions, [U-14C] MTBE was transformed to 14C tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) with no measurable production of 14CO2. Production of TBA was not attributed to the activity of methanogenic microorganisms, however, because comparable transformation of [U-14C] MTBE to 14C-TBA also was observed in heat-sterilized controls with dissolved H2 concentrations > 5 nM. The results suggest that the transformation of MTBE to TBA may be an abiotic process that is driven by biologically produced H2 under in situ conditions. In contrast, mineralization of [U-14C] MTBE to 14CO2 was completely inhibited by heat sterilization and only observed in treatments characterized by dissolved H2 concentrations < 2 nM. These results suggest that the pathway of MTBE transformation is influenced by in situ H2 concentrations and that in situ H2 concentrations may be an useful indicator of MTBE transformation pathways in ground water systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00119.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Landmeyer, J., 2006, Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 4, p. 74-81, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00119.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"81","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00119.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05b6e4b0c8380cd50f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028170,"text":"70028170 - 2006 - Mountain hydrology of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:45:48","indexId":"70028170","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain hydrology of the western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Climate change and climate variability, population growth, and land use change drive the need for new hydrologic knowledge and understanding. In the mountainous West and other similar areas worldwide, three pressing hydrologic needs stand out: first, to better understand the processes controlling the partitioning of energy and water fluxes within and out from these systems; second, to better understand feedbacks between hydrological fluxes and biogeochemical and ecological processes; and, third, to enhance our physical and empirical understanding with integrated measurement strategies and information systems. We envision an integrative approach to monitoring, modeling, and sensing the mountain environment that will improve understanding and prediction of hydrologic fluxes and processes. Here extensive monitoring of energy fluxes and hydrologic states are needed to supplement existing measurements, which are largely limited to streamflow and snow water equivalent. Ground‐based observing systems must be explicitly designed for integration with remotely sensed data and for scaling up to basins and whole ranges.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004387","usgsCitation":"Bales, R.C., Molotch, N.P., Painter, T.H., Dettinger, M., Rice, R., and Dozier, J., 2006, Mountain hydrology of the western United States: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08432; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004387.","productDescription":"Article W08432; 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb5e4b0c8380cd70c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Roger C.","contributorId":189659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bales","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molotch, Noah P. 0000-0003-4733-8060","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4733-8060","contributorId":203466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molotch","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Thomas H.","contributorId":193067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Painter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Robert","contributorId":149915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dozier, Jeff","contributorId":190695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dozier","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028175,"text":"70028175 - 2006 - Drainage effects on the transient, near-surface hydrologic response of a steep hillslope to rainfall: Implications for slope stability, Edmonds, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:41:24","indexId":"70028175","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drainage effects on the transient, near-surface hydrologic response of a steep hillslope to rainfall: Implications for slope stability, Edmonds, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Shallow landslides on steep (>25??) hillsides along Puget Sound have resulted in occasional loss of life and costly damage to property during intense or prolonged rainfall. As part of a larger project to assess landslide hazards in the Seattle area, the U.S. Geological Survey instrumented two coastal bluff sites in 2001 to observe the subsurface hydrologic response to rainfall. The instrumentation at one of these sites, near Edmonds, Washington, consists of two rain gauges, two water-content probes that measure volumetric water content at eight depths between 0.2 and 2.0 m, and two tensiometer nests that measure soil-water suction at six depths ranging from 0.2 to 1.5m. Measurements from these instruments are used to test one- and two-dimensional numerical models of infiltration and groundwater flow. Capillary-rise tests, performed in the laboratory on soil sample from the Edmonds site, are used to define the soil hydraulic properties for the wetting process. The field observations of water content and suction show an apparent effect of porosity variation with depth on the hydraulic response to rainfall. Using a range of physical properties consistent with our laboratory and field measurements, we perform sensitivity analyses to investigate the effects of variation in physical and hydraulic properties of the soil on rainfall infiltration, pore-pressure response, and, hence, slope stability. For a two-layer-system in which the hydraulic conductivity of the upper layer is at least 10 times greater than the conductivity of the lower layer, and the infiltration rate is greater than the conductivity of the lower layer, a perched water table forms above the layer boundary potentially destabilizing the upper layer of soil. Two-dimensional modeling results indicate that the addition of a simple trench drain to the same two-layer slope has differing effects on the hydraulic response depending on the initial pressure head conditions. For slope-parallel flow conditions, pressure head is significantly reduced near the drain; however, for transient, vertical infiltration in a partially saturated soil, conditions consistent with those observed during monitoring at the Edmonds site, the drain decreases the thickness of a perched water table by a small amount.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-6-343-2006","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Biavati, G., Godt, J., and McKenna, J., 2006, Drainage effects on the transient, near-surface hydrologic response of a steep hillslope to rainfall: Implications for slope stability, Edmonds, Washington, USA: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 6, no. 3, p. 343-355, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-343-2006.","startPage":"343","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-343-2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267916,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-343-2006"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03d0e4b0c8380cd50672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biavati, G.","contributorId":50380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biavati","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenna, J.P.","contributorId":24543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028176,"text":"70028176 - 2006 - Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod","docAbstract":"The caves of Illinois' sinkhole plain are the sole habitat of the Illinois Cave amphipod (Gammarus acherondytes), a federally endangered species. The sinkhole plain is a hydrologically-connected sequence of karstified limestone that constitutes an extensive karst aquifer which serves as an important source of potable water for area residents. During this investigation, we examined the ground-water quality in caves within two ground-water basins: 1) Illinois Caverns, where the amphipod is now present after previously reported to have been extirpated from the lower reaches, and 2) Stemler Cave, where the amphipod is reported to have been extirpated. The chemical composition of cave streams in Illinois Caverns and Stemler Cave were compared to determine which parameters, if any, could have contributed to the loss of G. acherondytes from Stemler Cave. Stream water in Stemler Cave contained higher concentrations of organic carbon, potassium, silica, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, iron and manganese than Illinois Caverns. Perhaps most importantly, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in Stemler Cave were, during periods of low flow, substantially lower than in Illinois Caverns. Based on land use, there are probably at least eight times more private septic systems in the Stemler Cave ground-water basin than in the Illinois Caverns ground-water basin. Low DO concentrations were likely the result of microbial breakdown of soil organic matter and wastewater treatment system effluent, and the oxidation of pyrite in bedrock. The near-hypoxic DO in Stemler Cave that occurred during low-flow conditions, and, we speculate, a limited range of G. acherondytes within the Stemler Cave ground-water basin due to a metabolic advantage of the stygophilic aquatic invertebrates over the stygobitic G. acherodytes, resulted in the apparent loss of G. acherondytes from Stemler Cave.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Hackley, K.C., Kelly, W., Hwang, H., Wilhelm, F., Taylor, S., and Stiff, B., 2006, Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 68, no. 2, p. 55-63.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edce4b0c8380cd7a7c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, W.R.","contributorId":74120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilhelm, F.M.","contributorId":94844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelm","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, S.J.","contributorId":26872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stiff, B.J.","contributorId":42015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiff","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028194,"text":"70028194 - 2006 - Cokriging estimation of daily suspended sediment loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028194","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cokriging estimation of daily suspended sediment loads","docAbstract":"Daily suspended sediment loads (S) were estimated using cokriging (CK) of S with daily river discharge based on weekly, biweekly, or monthly sampled sediment data. They were also estimated with ordinary kriging (OK) and a rating curve method. The estimated daily loads were compared with the daily measured values over a nine-year-period. The results show that the estimated daily sediment loads with the CK using the weekly measured data best matched the measured daily values. The rating curve method based on the same data provides a fairly good match but it tends to underestimate the peak and overestimate the low values. The CK estimation was better than the rating curve because CK considers the temporal correlation among the data values and honors the measured points whereas the rating curve method does not. For the site studied, weekly sampling may be frequent enough for estimating daily sediment loads with CK when daily discharge data is available. The estimated daily loads with CK were less reliable when the sediment samples were taken less frequently, i.e., biweekly or monthly. The OK estimates using the weekly measured data significantly underestimates the daily S because unlike CK and the rating curve, OK makes no use of the correlation of sediment loads with frequently measured river discharge. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Schilling, K., and Skopec, M., 2006, Cokriging estimation of daily suspended sediment loads: Journal of Hydrology, v. 327, no. 3-4, p. 389-398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.028.","startPage":"389","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210261,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.028"},{"id":237130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"327","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a5e4b0c8380cd4cc20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, K.","contributorId":101423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skopec, M.","contributorId":14627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skopec","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028249,"text":"70028249 - 2006 - Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028249","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) approximations, usually based on computed potential ET (PET) and diverse PET-to-ET conceptualizations, are routinely used in hydrologic analyses. This study presents an approach to incorporate measured (actual) ET data, increasingly available using micrometeorological methods, to define the adequacy of ET approximations for hydrologic simulation. The approach is demonstrated at a site where eddy correlation-measured ET values were available. A baseline hydrologic model incorporating measured ET values was used to evaluate the sensitivity of simulated water levels, subsurface recharge, and surface runoff to error in four ET approximations. An annually invariant pattern of mean monthly vegetation coefficients was shown to be most effective, despite the substantial year-to-year variation in measured vegetation coefficients. The temporal variability of available water (precipitation minus ET) at the humid, subtropical site was largely controlled by the relatively high temporal variability of precipitation, benefiting the effectiveness of coarse ET approximations, a result that is likely to prevail at other humid sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., 2006, Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 42, no. 3, p. 699-711, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x.","startPage":"699","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x"},{"id":236917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f3e4b0c8380cd47748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028253,"text":"70028253 - 2006 - Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T09:59:29","indexId":"70028253","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data processed using the MASW method imaged the subsurface to a depth of about&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>20</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.3em&quot; /><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">20</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">20m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;and allowed detection of the overburden, gross bedding features, and fault zone. The fault zone was characterized by a lower shear-wave velocity&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mo\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mi\">V</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mo\">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(Vs)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;than the competent bedrock, consistent with a large-scale fault, secondary fractures, and in-situ weathering. The MASW 2D&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\">V</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Vs</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;section was further interpreted to identify dipping beds consistent with local geologic mapping. Mapping of shallow-fault zones and dipping sedimentary rock substantially extends the applications of the MASW method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2227521","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Lacombe, P., Johnson, C., and Lane, J., 2006, Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 5, p. A39-A42, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2227521.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"A39","endPage":"A42","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.80174541473389,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.80174541473389,\n              40.27012860983725\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.27012860983725\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe60e4b0c8380cd4ece4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacombe, P.","contributorId":96891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}