In 1911, a 2-km3 (0.5-mi3) earthquake-triggered rock slide blocked the Murgab River, southeastern Tajikistan, forming a still-existing, 600-m-high (1,970-ft-high) natural dam—the highest dam, natural or man-made, in the world. Lake Sarez, impounded by this blockage, is 60 km (37 mi) long, with a maximum depth of 550 m (1,800 ft) and a volume of approximately 17 km3 (∼4 mi3). This lake, which has never overtopped the dam, exits the downstream face as a series of large springs that regroup as the Murgab River. Freeboard between lake surface and the lowest point on the dam crest currently is approximately 50 m (∼165 ft), and the lake is rising at an average rate of 18.5 cm/yr (7.3 in./yr). If the blockage were to fail, a worst-case scenario could endanger tens or possibly hundreds of thousands of people in the Murgab, Bartang, Panj, and Amu Darya valleys downstream. Dam failure potentially could result from: 1) seismic shaking, 2) catastrophic overtopping caused by a landslide entering the lake from the valley wall at high velocity, 3) surface erosion caused by natural overtopping by the rising lake, 4) internal erosion (piping), 5) instability caused by lake pressure against the dam, or 6) slope instability of the dam faces. Occurrence of an overtopping wave resulting from a potential landslide high on the right bank of Lake Sarez seems to be the most realistic of these slight possibilities for failure. Because of the high cost of installing physical remediation to the dam in this rugged mountain area (no roads lead to the site), the main protective measures now being undertaken are hydrological monitoring at the dam and installation of a flood early warning system downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/10.2.151","usgsCitation":"Schuster, R.L., and Alford, D., 2004, Usoi Landslide Dam and Lake Sarez, Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan: Enviromental and Engineering Geoscience, v. 10, no. 2, p. 151-168, https://doi.org/10.2113/10.2.151.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"168","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Tajikistan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Sarez","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[71.0142,40.24437],[70.64802,39.93575],[69.55961,40.10321],[69.46489,39.52668],[70.54916,39.6042],[71.78469,39.27946],[73.67538,39.43124],[73.92885,38.50582],[74.25751,38.60651],[74.86482,38.37885],[74.82999,37.99001],[74.98,37.41999],[73.9487,37.42157],[73.26006,37.49526],[72.63689,37.04756],[72.19304,36.94829],[71.84464,36.73817],[71.44869,37.06564],[71.54192,37.90577],[71.2394,37.95327],[71.34813,38.25891],[70.80682,38.48628],[70.3763,38.1384],[70.27057,37.73516],[70.11658,37.58822],[69.51879,37.609],[69.19627,37.15114],[68.85945,37.34434],[68.13556,37.02312],[67.83,37.14499],[68.39203,38.15703],[68.17603,38.90155],[67.44222,39.14014],[67.70143,39.58048],[68.53642,39.53345],[69.01163,40.08616],[69.32949,40.72782],[70.66662,40.96021],[70.45816,40.49649],[70.60141,40.21853],[71.0142,40.24437]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tajikistan\"}}]}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Robert L.","contributorId":19162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alford, D.","contributorId":219510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alford","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179820,"text":"70179820 - 2004 - Distribution, migration behavior, habitat use, and species interactions of fall-released juvenile hatchery spring Chinook salmon on the Deschutes River, Oregon, 2002, Annual report 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:22:19","indexId":"70179820","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Distribution, migration behavior, habitat use, and species interactions of fall-released juvenile hatchery spring Chinook salmon on the Deschutes River, Oregon, 2002, Annual report 2002","docAbstract":"In a review of National Fish Hatcheries (NFH), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) identified the need to assess the fate of hatchery-reared fish and their potential effect on the aquatic community (USFWS 1998). Additionally, in the Columbia River Biological Opinion, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) recommended monitoring and evaluating ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish (NMFS 1999). In 2002, a study was designed to investigate the fate of hatchery-reared fish and to assess habitat use and fish interactions in the Deschutes River, Oregon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Reagan, R.E., Connolly, P., Adams, N.S., Mesa, M.G., and Rondorf, D.W., 2004, Distribution, migration behavior, habitat use, and species interactions of fall-released juvenile hatchery spring Chinook salmon on the Deschutes River, Oregon, 2002, Annual report 2002, vi., 57 p. .","productDescription":"vi., 57 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/columbiariver/publications/Deschutes_Report_2002_Final.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.9272003173828,\n 45.632766001813536\n ],\n [\n -120.92170715332031,\n 45.590978249451936\n ],\n [\n -120.9107208251953,\n 45.53761763700315\n ],\n [\n -120.87501525878906,\n 45.495277708287695\n ],\n [\n -120.96427917480469,\n 45.38591285563495\n ],\n [\n -121.0535430908203,\n 45.28599887277452\n ],\n [\n -121.0825538635254,\n 45.239360366890566\n ],\n [\n -121.09010696411133,\n 45.219291611553295\n ],\n [\n -121.09903335571289,\n 45.16763641362519\n ],\n [\n -121.07946395874023,\n 45.16243200364078\n ],\n [\n -121.06109619140625,\n 45.17719676486024\n ],\n [\n -121.05216979980467,\n 45.224128104219425\n ],\n [\n -121.01097106933594,\n 45.2623219323963\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 45.35359284259777\n ],\n [\n -120.81802368164061,\n 45.44375328632588\n ],\n [\n -120.81871032714842,\n 45.518376164094974\n ],\n [\n -120.8770751953125,\n 45.5645446413806\n ],\n [\n -120.8983612060547,\n 45.637087095718734\n ],\n [\n -120.92376708984375,\n 45.64044771618124\n ],\n [\n -120.9272003173828,\n 45.632766001813536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d72e4b01dfadfff1561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reagan, Rachel E. 0000-0002-3987-6419 rreagan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-6419","contributorId":3519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagan","given":"Rachel","email":"rreagan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206022,"text":"70206022 - 2004 - Interpretation of the Miyakejima 2000 eruption and dike emplacement using time animations of earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T13:47:27","indexId":"70206022","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-17T10:34:57","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5873,"text":"Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Interpretation of the Miyakejima 2000 eruption and dike emplacement using time animations of earthquakes","docAbstract":"| The seismic sequence of over 12,000 earthquakes accompanying the 2000 eruption of Miyakejima volcano has been studied by viewing time animations of the earthquakes beneath transparent topography. Seismic activity began on the evening of June 26 extending southwest from Miyakejima’s summit. A few hours later the seismicity abruptly shifted to the WNW and a submarine eruption occurred off the West Coast of Miyakejima on the morning of June 27. Phreatic eruptions at Miyakejima’s summit in July were accompanied by the formation of a new caldera. Following caldera formation explosive eruptions occurred in August. The eruption ended with minor explosions in September. The seismic activity that began with a low-magnitude swarm beneath Miyakejima grew to a major swarm with hundreds of events of M＞4 extending more than 40km WNW from Miyakejima. Lesser numbers of earthquakes occurred on two N-S trending lines extending south and north of the main seismic trend. The seismicity has been interpreted as evidence for emplacement of a massive dike on the main trend that triggered additional earthquakes on the two cross trends. Our interpretation involves more restricted dike emplacement west of Miyakejima, including the possibility of additional submarine eruption, following cracking of the Philippine Sea plate. The seismic activity associated with explosive eruptions in August helps to define Miyakejima’s magma plumbing. A shallow reservoir beneath the southwest slope is defined by concentrations of earthquakes at 4-6km depth, and a deeper source is suggested by a smaller number of earthquakes extending to 10km vertically beneath the shallow source. Seismic activity preceding and accompanying eruptions at Miyakejima’s summit are defined by seismic swarms extending from 4km depth to the surface along a path connecting the summit with the shallow reservoir. Away from Miyakejima shallow (＜1 km) earthquake swarms at minimum rates of 1 event per hour extending over several hours occur within restricted areas of diameter less than 3km and define possible additional sites of undersea eruption or intrusion. Beneath sites west of Miyakejima the seismicity at depths of less than 4km occurs earlier and toward Miyakejima, consistent with magma transport from Miyakejima’s shallow reservoir. Shallow swarms extending 15km to the WNW strongly suggest that additional intrusion and possibly eruption may have occurred on June 27-28. Between June 27 and July 12 along the main seismic trend, and beneath the shallow sites, progressively deeper earthquake swarms occur at progressively later times, a pattern inconsistent with magma transport and interpreted here as the Philippine Sea plate cracking downward. The initial shallow cracking guided magma to the June 27 undersea eruption site. Subsequent cracking to the west allowed very rapid lateral withdrawal of magma from the Miyakejima reservoir allowing a new caldera to form. The deep cracking of the plate may have triggered additional magma sources, including a deep source suggested by the modeling of regional ground deformation data. |
Crude oil is found in sedimentary rocks throughout the world, except, thus far, in Antarctica. In many places the oil has been degraded, so that it is represented by viscous black oil that is difficult to recover, transport, and refine. Depending upon the degree of degradation the result is extra-heavy oil or, in the extreme case, natural bitumen. Except in Canada, precise quantitative reserves and oilin-place data on a reservoir basis are seldom available because most countries and companies consider such information to be proprietary. Natural bitumen is the oil contained in clastic and carbonate reservoir rocks, most frequently in small deposits at, or near, the earth’s surface. These rocks are commonly referred to as tar sands or oil sands and have been mined since antiquity for use as paving. Occasionally such deposits are extremely large in areal extent and in contained resources, most notably those in northern Alberta, Canada. In 2003 only the Alberta bitumen deposits were being exploited as a source of crude oil. Similarly, reservoirs containing extra-heavy oil are geographically widespread but only one such deposit is sufficiently large to have a major supply and economic impact. That deposit is the Orinoco Oil Belt in Eastern Venezuela. Nowhere else in the world is such a concentration of extra heavy oil known or likely to exist. Definitions of terms used in this commentary may be found immediately prior to Table 4.1. The resource definitions are those of the World Petroleum Congress-Society of Petroleum Engineers-American Association of Petroleum Geologists, with minor additions. One such addition, e.g. is the term Original Reserves, comprised of Proved Reserves plus Cumulative Production, which tends to place new and mature reservoirs on a more nearly comparable basis than either term alone
","conferenceTitle":"2004 Survey of Energy Resources ","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.F., and Attanasi, E., 2004, Natural bitumen and extra-heavy oil, 2004 Survey of Energy Resources , Sydney, Australia, p. 93-117.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, R. F.","contributorId":52167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202102,"text":"70202102 - 2004 - The face of the Moon: Lunar volcanoes and volcanic deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T10:20:57","indexId":"70202102","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-15T10:19:02","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"The face of the Moon: Lunar volcanoes and volcanic deposits","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanic Worlds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"9783540004318","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., 2004, The face of the Moon: Lunar volcanoes and volcanic deposits, chap. 5 of Volcanic Worlds, p. 81-96.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540004318"},{"id":361117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","edition":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lopes, Rosaly","contributorId":210492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"Rosaly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756890,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, Tracy K. P.","contributorId":57937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Tracy K. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756891,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184531,"text":"70184531 - 2004 - Long term atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrate and other salts in the Atacama Desert, Chile: New evidence from mass-independent oxygen isotopic compositions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-02T13:09:02","indexId":"70184531","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long term atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrate and other salts in the Atacama Desert, Chile: New evidence from mass-independent oxygen isotopic compositions","docAbstract":"Isotopic analysis of nitrate and sulfate minerals from the nitrate ore fields of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile has shown anomalous 17O enrichments in both minerals. Δ17O values of 14–21 ‰ in nitrate and 0.4 to 4 ‰ in sulfate are the most positive found in terrestrial minerals to date. Modeling of atmospheric processes indicates that the Δ17O signatures are the result of photochemical reactions in the troposphere and stratosphere. We conclude that the bulk of the nitrate, sulfate and other soluble salts in some parts of the Atacama Desert must be the result of atmospheric deposition of particles produced by gas to particle conversion, with minor but varying amounts from sea spray and local terrestrial sources. Flux calculations indicate that the major salt deposits could have accumulated from atmospheric deposition in a period of 200,000 to 2.0 M years during hyper-arid conditions similar to those currently found in the Atacama Desert. Correlations between Δ17O and δ18O in nitrate salts from the Atacama Desert and Mojave Desert, California, indicate varying fractions of microbial and photochemical end-member sources. The photochemical nitrate isotope signature is well preserved in the driest surficial environments that are almost lifeless, whereas the microbial nitrate isotope signature becomes dominant rapidly with increasing moisture, biologic activity, and nitrogen cycling. These isotopic signatures have important implications for paleoclimate, astrobiology, and N cycling studies.
Debris flows from 740 tributaries transport sediment into the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, creating rapids that control its longitudinal profile. Debris flows mostly occur when runoff triggers failures in colluvium by a process termed “the fire hose effect.” Debris flows originate from a limited number of geologic strata, almost exclusively shales or other clay‐rich, fine‐grained formations. Observations from 1984 through 2003 provide a 20 year record of all debris flows that reached the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, and repeat photography provides a 100 year record of debris flows from 147 tributaries. Observed frequencies are 5.1 events/year from 1984 to 2003, and historic frequencies are 5.0 events/year from 1890 to 1983. Logistic regression is used to model historic frequencies based on drainage basin parameters observed to control debris flow initiation and transport. From 5 to 7 of the 16 parameters evaluated are statistically significant, including drainage area, basin relief, and the height of and gradient below debris flow source areas, variables which reflect transport distance and potential energy. The aspect of the river channel, which at least partially reflects storm movement within the canyon, is also significant. Model results are used to calculate the probability of debris flow occurrence at the river over a century for all 740 tributaries. Owing to the variability of underlying geomorphic controls, the distribution of this probability is not uniform among tributaries of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003JF000077","usgsCitation":"Griffiths, P.G., Webb, R., and Melis, T., 2004, Frequency and initiation of debris flows in Grand Canyon, Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface, v. 109, no. F4, F04002, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JF000077.","productDescription":"F04002, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jf000077","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -110.54443359375,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -110.54443359375,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 35.746512259918504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"F4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":805966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":187755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":805967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202323,"text":"70202323 - 2004 - Exploring Martian polar atmospheric circulation and surface interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T09:11:06","indexId":"70202323","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-12T09:10:50","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring Martian polar atmospheric circulation and surface interactions","docAbstract":"The northern and southern seasonal polar caps of Mars are formed in the polar night, during their respective autumn and winter seasons, by the condensation of atmospheric CO2directly to the solid phase as ice, snow, and possibly frost. During spring and summer, the seasonal ice sublimes, returning CO2 to the atmosphere. The caps advance and recede in response to seasonal variations in solar insolation, extending as far as 40° from the poles, and have been noted by telescopic observers since the 17th century Roughly 25% of the atmosphere, which is 95% CO2 by volume, is cycled into and out of the seasonal caps. The CO2 cycle dominates atmospheric circulation on Mars, and must be thoroughly understood in order to answer fundamental questions about climate history and the global distribution of near‐surface water.
Effects of methylation, molar response, multiple charging, solvents, and positive and negative ionization on molecular weight distributions of aquatic fulvic acid were investigated by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. After preliminary analysis by positive and negative modes, samples and mixtures of standards were derivatized by methylation to minimize ionization sites and reanalyzed.
Positive ionization was less effective and produced more complex spectra than negative ionization. Ionization in methanol/water produced greater response than in acetonitrile/water. Molar response varied widely for the selected free acid standards when analyzed individually and in a mixture, but after methylation this range decreased. After methylation, the number average molecular weight of the Suwannee River fulvic acid remained the same while the weight average molecular weight decreased. These differences are probably indicative of disaggregation of large aggregated ions during methylation. Since the weight average molecular weight decreased, it is likely that aggregate formation in the fulvic acid was present prior to derivatization, rather than multiple charging in the mass spectra.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elseiver","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.065","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C.E., and Leenheer, J.A., 2004, Factors that affect molecular weight distribution of Suwannee river fulvic acid as determined by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 523, no. 2, p. 269-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.065.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River, Okefenokee Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.54714965820312,\n 30.6609502201387\n ],\n [\n -82.38922119140625,\n 30.6609502201387\n ],\n [\n -82.38922119140625,\n 30.835625045645916\n ],\n [\n -82.54714965820312,\n 30.835625045645916\n ],\n [\n -82.54714965820312,\n 30.6609502201387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"523","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90129e4b0849ce97abd04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":684373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128340,"text":"70128340 - 2004 - Traditional and new methods to derive sediment-discharge information in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T14:50:40","indexId":"70128340","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-07T14:24:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Traditional and new methods to derive sediment-discharge information in the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on River Sedimentation, Yichang, China, October 18-21, 2004","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Tsinghua University Press","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., and Glysson, G.D., 2004, Traditional and new methods to derive sediment-discharge information in the United States, in Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on River Sedimentation, Yichang, China, October 18-21, 2004, v. 1, p. 493-504.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"504","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500c1e4b0a4f4b46a23dd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tan, Ying","contributorId":113800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Ying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510001,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":107629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70239786,"text":"70239786 - 2004 - Paleomagnetic correlation of late Holocene earthquakes among estuaries in Washington and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T22:20:58.31411","indexId":"70239786","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T16:02:30","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic correlation of late Holocene earthquakes among estuaries in Washington and Oregon","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic directions of estuarine mud provide additional evidence that individual earthquakes, or rapid series of earthquakes, caused widespread coseismic land-level changes during the past 2000 years in western Washington and Oregon. Most of the paleomagnetic measurements were made on mud dating from the first decades after coseismic subsidence from plate-boundary earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Mud deposited soon after the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake has similar remanent directions among all five sites (k = 171) sampled along 80 km of Pacific coast between Grays Harbor and the mouth of the Columbia River. Likewise, internally consistent directions were obtained along this stretch of coast from mud deposited soon after a plate-boundary earthquake (or earthquake series) in A.D. 340–410 and soon after another such event in A.D. 680–720. Also analyzed were remanent magnetizations of mud deposited shortly before (or shortly after) land-level changes from seismicity in the North America plate beneath Puget Sound. A mean direction for sites on the Snohomish River delta, near Everett, from the time of an earthquake on the Seattle fault in A.D. 900–930 is statistically identical (95% confidence level) to a mean direction in mud that was uplifted in A.D. 800–1000 at potentially correlative sites near Tacoma and Olympia. The paleomagnetic direction from Everett for the upper-plate earthquake of A.D. 900–930 differs substantially from that for a plate-boundary earthquake in A.D. 810–1190. This difference implies that the upper-plate earthquake preceded the plate-boundary earthquake by a century or two on the basis of comparisons of their paleomagnetic poles with a previously reconstructed path of geomagnetic paleosecular variation in western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000736","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., Atwater, B.F., and Sherrod, B.L., 2004, Paleomagnetic correlation of late Holocene earthquakes among estuaries in Washington and Oregon: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, no. 10, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000736.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gc000736","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.04173603862219,\n 48.52845869930576\n ],\n [\n -125.04173603862219,\n 43.59561796474077\n ],\n [\n -121.31995055307652,\n 43.59561796474077\n ],\n [\n -121.31995055307652,\n 48.52845869930576\n ],\n [\n -125.04173603862219,\n 48.52845869930576\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815 atwater@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":3297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"atwater@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164335,"text":"70164335 - 2004 - When synthetic chemicals degrade in the environment: What are the absolute fate, effects, and potential risks to humans and the ecosystem?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:32:40","indexId":"70164335","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When synthetic chemicals degrade in the environment: What are the absolute fate, effects, and potential risks to humans and the ecosystem?","docAbstract":"Various processes degrade synthetic chemicals—pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, and industrials—in the environment (1, 2). Consequently, the environment may be exposed to a mixture of the parent compounds and any resulting degradation products (degradates). Recent advances in analytical methodology and greater access to analytical standards have advanced degradates research (3, 4). Specifically, research on pesticides has found degradates in surface water (5–10), groundwater (11–13), precipitation (14–16), air (17, 18), and sediment (19, 20). Pharmaceuticals and detergent degradates also exist in the environment (21–23). Figure 1 shows that degradates were detected as often as or more frequently than the parent compound.
\nAlthough some regulatory schemes require information about the impacts of degradates on human and environmental health, that information does not exist for many compounds (25, 26). Pesticides are the exception. In this article, we bring together the available data to address the environmental behavior of degradates and their effects on organisms and discuss how to identify substances of potential concern. In addition, we cite gaps in the current knowledge and make recommendations for future research requirements. While the article focuses on pesticides, we believe these observations can be extended to biologically active compounds and some industrial substances.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es040624v","usgsCitation":"Boxall, A., Sinclair, C., Fenner, K., Kolpin, D.W., and Maund, S., 2004, When synthetic chemicals degrade in the environment: What are the absolute fate, effects, and potential risks to humans and the ecosystem?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 19, p. 368A-375A, https://doi.org/10.1021/es040624v.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"368A","endPage":"375A","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b09005e4b010e2af2a5eaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boxall, Alistair","contributorId":152697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boxall","given":"Alistair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinclair, C.","contributorId":98476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenner, Kathrin","contributorId":152698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenner","given":"Kathrin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maund, S.","contributorId":13349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maund","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":76093,"text":"ofr20041312 - 2004 - Ecosystem history of southern and central Biscayne Bay: Summary report on sediment core analyses - year two","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:02:24.531977","indexId":"ofr20041312","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1312","title":"Ecosystem history of southern and central Biscayne Bay: Summary report on sediment core analyses - year two","docAbstract":"The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) lists restoration of the timing, quantity, and quality of the natural flow of freshwater as one its primary goals. Before restoration can occur, however, the baseline conditions of the environment prior to significant human alteration must be established and the range of variation within the natural system must be determined. In addition, the response of the system to human alterations during the 20th century should be evaluated. Resource managers can use this information to establish targets and performance measures for restoration and to predict the system's response to changes invoked by restoration.
The objectives of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Ecosystem History of Biscayne Bay research project are to examine historical changes in the Biscayne Bay ecosystem at selected sites on a decadal-centennial scale and to correlate these changes with natural events and anthropogenic alterations in the South Florida region. Specific emphasis is being placed on historical changes to (1) amount, timing, and sources of freshwater influx and the resulting effects on salinity and water quality; (2) shoreline and sub-aquatic vegetation; and (3) the relationship between sea-level change, onshore vegetation, and salinity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041312","usgsCitation":"Ecosystem history of southern and central Biscayne Bay: summary report on sediment core analyses - year two; 2004; OFR; 2004-1312; Wingard, G. Lynn; Cronin, Thomas M.; Holmes, Charles W.; Willard, Debra A.; Dwyer, Gary; Ishman, Scott E.; Orem, William; Williams, Christopher P.; Albietz, Jessica; Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Budet, Carlos A.; Landacre, Bryan; Lerch, Terry; Marot, Marci; Ortiz, Ruth E.","productDescription":"117 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374462,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1312/ofr2004-1312.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1312"},{"id":194472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1312/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.313083,25.414719 ], [ -80.313083,25.746507 ], [ -80.150653,25.746507 ], [ -80.150653,25.414719 ], [ -80.313083,25.414719 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program is assessing the sources, transport, and fate of chemicals applied to crops in agricultural basins across the Nation (referred to as \"study units,\" see map). Chemicals selected for study include nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and about 50 commonly used pesticides and their transformation products, including triazine and acetanilide herbicides such as atrazine and metolachlor, and organophosphorus insecticides such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon.
\nThe basins in the studies represent a range of agricultural settings—with varying crop types and agricultural practices related to tillage, irrigation, artificial drainage, and chemical use—as well as a range of landscapes with different geology, soils, topography, climate, and hydrology. Consistent methodology and analysis allow comparisons among the different basins. This study design leads to an improved understanding of the many factors that can affect the movement of water and chemicals in different agricultural settings (see \"Complex factors,\" next page).
\nInformation from these studies will help with decision-making related to chemical use, conservation, and other farming practices that are used to reduce runoff of agricultural chemicals and sediment from fields. This information also will benefit the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Agriculture, local and regional water managers, and agricultural chemical manufacturers who are involved in managing chemical use and pesticide registration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043098","usgsCitation":"Capel, P.D., Hamilton, P.A., and Erwin, M.L., 2004, Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey on sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3098, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043098.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3098.bmp"},{"id":5968,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs20043098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a31c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Pixie A. pahamilt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Pixie","email":"pahamilt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erwin, Martha L.","contributorId":10030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58024,"text":"ofr20041294 - 2004 - The Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, seismic hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:31","indexId":"ofr20041294","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1294","title":"The Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, seismic hazard maps","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041294","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C.H., Gomberg, J.S., Schweig, E.S., Waldron, B.A., and Tucker, K., 2004, The Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, seismic hazard maps (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1294, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041294.","productDescription":"41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1418","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweig, Eugene S. 0000-0003-3669-9741 schweig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-9741","contributorId":1271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"Eugene","email":"schweig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waldron, Brian A.","contributorId":96767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tucker, Kathleen","contributorId":65921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Kathleen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":58025,"text":"ofr20041277 - 2004 - Stream habitat and water-quality information for sites in the Buffalo River Basin and nearby basins of Arkansas, 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:31","indexId":"ofr20041277","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1277","title":"Stream habitat and water-quality information for sites in the Buffalo River Basin and nearby basins of Arkansas, 2001-2002","docAbstract":"The Buffalo River lies in north-central Arkansas and is a tributary of the White River. Stream-habitat and water-quality information are presented for 52 sites in the Buffalo River Basin and adjacent areas of the White River Basin. The information was collected during the summers of 2001 and 2002 to supplement fish community sampling during the same time period.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041277","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., 2004, Stream habitat and water-quality information for sites in the Buffalo River Basin and nearby basins of Arkansas, 2001-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1277, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041277.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5955,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58042,"text":"fs20043095 - 2004 - Tree islands of the Florida everglades? Long-term stability and response to hydrologic change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T12:04:57","indexId":"fs20043095","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3095","title":"Tree islands of the Florida everglades? Long-term stability and response to hydrologic change","docAbstract":"Tree islands are important centers of biodiversity in the Florida Everglades; they have two to three times the plant and animal diversity of the surrounding wetlands. This high diversity is due primarily to their higher elevation relative to the adjacent wetlands (fig. 1). In the natural Everglades system, water levels fluctuated seasonally with rainfall, and tree islands were the only sites that escaped flooding during the wet season. These seasonally dry sites provided refugia and nesting sites for animals and allowed tree and shrub communities to flourish.
","language":"English","publisher":" U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043095","usgsCitation":"Willard, D.A., 2004, Tree islands of the Florida everglades? Long-term stability and response to hydrologic change (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3095, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043095.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3095.bmp"},{"id":352692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3095/fs2004-3095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"950 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":5972,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 24.90885835502671\n ],\n [\n -80.11505126953125,\n 24.90885835502671\n ],\n [\n -80.11505126953125,\n 26.143110637100634\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 26.143110637100634\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 24.90885835502671\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58309,"text":"sir20045062 - 2004 - Development of a geodatabase and conceptual model of the hydrogeologic units beneath air force plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T18:59:30.770638","indexId":"sir20045062","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5062","title":"Development of a geodatabase and conceptual model of the hydrogeologic units beneath air force plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas","docAbstract":"Air Force Plant 4 and adjacent Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field at Fort Worth, Texas, constitute a government-owned, contractor-operated facility that has been in operation since 1942. Contaminants from AFP4, primarily volatile organic compounds and metals, have entered the ground-water-flow system through leakage from waste-disposal sites and from manufacturing processes. The U.S. Geological Survey developed a comprehensive geodatabase of temporal and spatial environmental information associated with the hydrogeologic units (alluvial aquifer, Goodland-Walnut confining unit, and Paluxy aquifer) beneath the facility and a three-dimensional conceptual model of the hydrogeologic units integrally linked to the geodatabase. The geodatabase design uses a thematic layer approach to create layers of feature data using a geographic information system. The various features are separated into relational tables in the geodatabase on the basis of how they interact and correspond to one another. Using the geodatabase, geographic data at the site are manipulated to produce maps, allow interactive queries, and perform spatial analyses. The conceptual model for the study area comprises computer-generated, three-dimensional block diagrams of the hydrogeologic units. The conceptual model provides a platform for visualization of hydrogeologic-unit sections and surfaces and for subsurface environmental analyses. The conceptual model is based on three structural surfaces and two thickness configurations of the study area. The three structural surfaces depict the altitudes of the tops of the three hydrogeologic units. The two thickness configurations are those of the alluvial aquifer and the Goodland-Walnut confining unit. The surface of the alluvial aquifer was created using a U.S. Geological Survey 10-meter digital elevation model. The 2,130 point altitudes of the top of the Goodland-Walnut unit were compiled from lithologic logs from existing wells, available soil-boring logs, and previous studies. Data from 120 wells, primarily from existing reports, were used to create a map of the approximate altitude of the Paluxy aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045062","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., 2004, Development of a geodatabase and conceptual model of the hydrogeologic units beneath air force plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5062, iv, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045062.","productDescription":"iv, 77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5062/pdf/sir2004-5062.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":428008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70109.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.4,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -97.45,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -97.45,\n 32.8\n ],\n [\n -97.4,\n 32.8\n ],\n [\n -97.4,\n 32.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6604a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58029,"text":"sir20045138 - 2004 - Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T15:31:01","indexId":"sir20045138","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5138","title":"Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02","docAbstract":"Selected organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) such as household, industrial, and agricultural-use compounds, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and sterols and hormones were measured at 65 sites in Minnesota as part of a cooperative study among the Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Samples were collected in Minnesota during October 2000 through November 2002 and analyzed for the presence and distribution of 91 OWCs at sites including wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent; landfill and feedlot lagoon leachate; surface water; ground water (underlying sewered and unsewered mixed urban land use, a waste dump, and feedlots); and the intake and finished drinking water from drinking water facilities.
\nThere were 74 OWCs detected that represent a wide variety of use. Samples generally comprised a mixture of compounds (average of 6 OWCs) and 90 percent of the samples had at least one OWC detected. Concentrations for detected OWCs generally were less than 3 micrograms per liter. The ten most frequently detected OWCs were metolachlor (agricultural-use herbicide); cholesterol (sterol primarily associated with animal waste); caffeine (stimulant), N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) (topical insect repellant); bromoform (disinfection by product); tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (flame-retardant and plastic component); beta-sitosterol (plant sterol that is a known endocrine disruptor); acetyl-hexamethyl-tetrahydro- naphthalene (AHTN) (synthetic musk widely used in personal care products, and a known endocrine disruptor); bisphenol-A (plastic component and a known endocrine disruptor); and cotinine (metabolite of nicotine).
\nWastewater treatment plant influent and effluent, landfill leachate, and ground water underlying a waste dump had the greatest number of OWCs detected. OWC detections in ground-water were low except underlying the one waste dump studied and feedlots. There generally were more OWCs detected in surface water than ground water, and there were twice as many OWCs detected in the surface water sites downstream from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP effluent than at sites not directly downstream from effluent. Comparisons among site classifications apply only to sites sampled during the study.
\nResults of this study indicate ubiquitous distribution of measured OWCs in the environment that originate from numerous sources and pathways. During this reconnaissance of OWCs in Minnesota it was not possible to determine the specific sources of OWCs to surface, ground, or drinking waters. The data indicate WWTP effluent is a major pathway of OWCs to surface waters and that landfill leachate at selected facilities is a potential source of OWCs to WWTPs. Aquatic organism or human exposure to some OWCs is likely based on OWC distribution. Few aquatic or human health standards or criteria exist for the OWCs analyzed, and the risks to humans or aquatic wildlife are not known. Some OWCs detected in this study are endocrine disrupters and have been found to disrupt or influence endocrine function in fish. Thirteen endocrine disrupters, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydoxyanisole (BHA), 4- cumylphenol, 4-normal-octylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, acetyl-hexamethyl-tetrahydro-naphthalene (AHTN), benzo[α]pyrene, beta-sitosterol, bisphenol-A, diazinon, nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), octyphenol diethoxylate (OP2EO), octylphenol monoethoxylate (OP1EO), and total para-nonylphenol (NP) were detected. Results of reconnaissance studies may help regulators who set water-quality standards begin to prioritize which OWCs to focus upon for given categories of water use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Health and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Barber, L.B., Furlong, E.T., Cahill, J.D., Kolpin, D.W., Meyer, M.T., and Zaugg, S.D., 2004, Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5138, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045138.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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\"}}]}","tableOfContents":"Abstract
Introduction
Study design and methods
Quality assurance
Data evaluation
Hydrologic setting and basic water-quality parameters
Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds among all sites
Presence and distribution of organice wastewater compounds for specific site classifications
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment plants
Landfill leachate
Feedlot lagoons
Surface water
Ground water
Drinking water
Comparison among site classifications
Implications for water-quality and human and aquatic health
Summary and conclusions
References
Appendix 1. Potential uses of organic wastewater compounds analyzed in water samples, Minnesota 2000-02
Appendix 2. Quality-control data summary for laboratory reagent spike and blank samples for all analytes, Minnesota 2000-02
\nAppendix 3. Quality assurance summary for laboratory surrogate compounds in samples analyzed with field samples, Minnesota, 2000-02
\nAppendix 4. Quality assurance summary of field replicates and blanks, Minnesota, 2000-02
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66912b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahill, Jeffery D.","contributorId":71630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":58039,"text":"sir20045092 - 2004 - Comparison of methods for determining streamflow requirements for aquatic habitat protection at selected sites on the Assabet and Charles Rivers, Eastern Massachusetts, 2000-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:29","indexId":"sir20045092","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5092","title":"Comparison of methods for determining streamflow requirements for aquatic habitat protection at selected sites on the Assabet and Charles Rivers, Eastern Massachusetts, 2000-02","docAbstract":"Four methods used to determine streamflow requirements for habitat protection at nine critical riffle reaches in the Assabet River and Charles River Basins were compared. The methods include three standard setting techniques?R2Cross, Wetted Perimeter, and Tennant?and a diagnostic method, the Range of Variability Approach. One study reach is on the main stem of the Assabet River, four reaches are on tributaries to the Assabet River (Cold Harbor Brook, Danforth Brook, Fort Meadow Brook, and Elizabeth Brook), three are on the main stem of the Charles River, and one is on a tributary to the Charles River (Mine Brook). The strength of the R2Cross and Wetted-Perimeter methods is that they may be applied at ungaged locations whereas the Tennant method and the Range of Variability Approach require a period of streamflow record for analysis.\r\n\r\nFish community assessments conducted at or near riffle sites in flowing reaches of the Assabet River and Charles River Basins were used to indicate ecological conditions. The fish communities in the main stem and tributary reaches of both the Assabet and Charles River Basins indicated degraded aquatic ecosystems. However, the degree of degradation differs between the two basins. The extreme predominance of tolerant, generalist species in the Charles River fish community demon-strates the cumulative impacts of flow, habitat, and water-chemistry degradation, combined with the effects of nearby impoundments and changing land use.\r\n\r\nThe range of discharges for nine ungaged riffle reaches defined by the median R2Cross 3-of-3 criteria, R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria, and Wetted-Perimeter streamflow requirements, was 0.86 cubic foot per second per square mile, 0.18 cubic foot per second per square mile, and 0.23 cubic foot per second per square mile, respectively. Application of R2Cross and Wetted-Perimeter methods to sites with altered streamflows or at sites that are riffles only at low to moderate flows can result in a greater variability of streamflow requirements than would result if the methods were applied to riffles on natural channels with unaltered streamflows. The R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria and the Wetted-Perimeter streamflow requirements for the Assabet and Charles River sites show narrower interquartile ranges and lower median streamflow requirements than for 10 index streamflow-gaging stations in southern New England. This is especially evident for the R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria and Wetted-Perimeter results that were close to half of the flow requirements determined at the 10 southern New England stations.\r\n\r\nThe R2Cross and Wetted-Perimeter methods were also compared to the Range of Variability Approach analysis and the Tennant Method. The median R2Cross 3-of-3 criteria streamflow requirement for the nine riffles is close to the 75th percentile of the monthly mean flows during the summer low-flow period from six streamflow-gaging stations near the Assabet and Charles River Basins having mostly unaltered flow. This streamflow requirement is close to the median Tennant 40-percent-flow requirement for good habitat condi-tion for the same six nearby stations. The R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria and Wetted-Perimeter results were less than the 25th-percentile of monthly mean flows during the summer months for the six stations. These streamflow requirements are in the poor habitat range as indicated by a Tennant analysis of the same six stations. These comparisons indicate that the R2Cross and Wetted-Perimeter methods underestimate streamflow requirements when applied to sites in smaller drainage areas and channels that are runs at higher flows.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045092","usgsCitation":"Parker, G.W., Armstrong, D.S., and Richards, T.A., 2004, Comparison of methods for determining streamflow requirements for aquatic habitat protection at selected sites on the Assabet and Charles Rivers, Eastern Massachusetts, 2000-02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5092, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045092.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5969,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2004_5092.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Gene W. gwparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gene","email":"gwparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, David S. 0000-0003-1695-1233 darmstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-1233","contributorId":1390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David","email":"darmstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, Todd A.","contributorId":52266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53810,"text":"fs20043007 - 2004 - Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Burgos Basin Province, Northeastern Mexico, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"fs20043007","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3007","title":"Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Burgos Basin Province, Northeastern Mexico, 2003","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043007","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Burgos Basin Province, Northeastern Mexico, 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3007, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043007.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3007.jpg"},{"id":5222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54003,"text":"cir1254 - 2004 - The world's largest floods, past and present: Their causes and magnitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T11:07:07","indexId":"cir1254","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1254","title":"The world's largest floods, past and present: Their causes and magnitudes","docAbstract":"Floods are among the most powerful forces on earth. Human societies worldwide have lived and died with floods from the very beginning, spawning a prominent role for floods within legends, religions, and history. Inspired by such accounts, geologists, hydrologists, and historians have studied the role of floods on humanity and its supporting ecosystems, resulting in new appreciation for the many-faceted role of floods in shaping our world. Part of this appreciation stems from ongoing analysis of long-term streamflow measurements, such as those recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) streamflow gaging network. But the recognition of the important role of flooding in shaping our cultural and physical landscape also owes to increased understanding of the variety of mechanisms that cause floods and how the types and magnitudes of floods can vary with time and space. The USGS has contributed to this understanding through more than a century of diverse research activities on many aspects of floods, including their causes, effects, and hazards. This Circular summarizes a facet of this research by describing the causes and magnitudes of the world's largest floods, including those measured and described by modern methods in historic times, as well as floods of prehistoric times, for which the only records are those left by the floods themselves.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1254","usgsCitation":"O'Connor, J., and Costa, J.E., 2004, The world's largest floods, past and present: Their causes and magnitudes: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1254, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1254.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4827,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1254/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":352591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/circ1254/pdf/circ1254.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d2c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, John E.","contributorId":105743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}