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A calibrated steady-state, finite-difference, ground-waterflow model was constructed to simulate ground-water flow in three glaciofluvial aquifers, defined in this report as the upper, middle, and lower aquifers, in an area of about 114 mi2 surrounding the city of Grand Rapids in north-central Minnesota. The calibrated model will be used by Minnesota Department of Health and communities in the Grand Rapids area in the development of wellhead protection plans for their water supplies. The model was calibrated through comparison of simulated ground-water levels to measured static water levels in 351 wells, and comparison of simulated base-flow rates to estimated base-flow rates for reaches of the Mississippi and Prairie Rivers. Model statistics indicate that the model tends to overestimate ground-water levels. The root mean square errors ranged from +12.83 ft in wells completed in the upper aquifer to +19.10 ft in wells completed in the middle aquifer. Mean absolute differences between simulated and measured water levels ranged from +4.43 ft for wells completed in the upper aquifer to +9.25 ft for wells completed in the middle aquifer. Mean algebraic differences ranged from +9.35 ft for wells completed in the upper aquifer to +14.44 ft for wells completed in the middle aquifer, with the positive differences indicating that the simulated water levels were higher than the measured water levels. Percentage errors between simulated and estimated base-flow rates for the three monitored reaches all were less than 10 percent, indicating good agreement. Simulated ground-water levels were most sensitive to changes in general-head boundary conductance, indicating that this characteristic is the predominant model input variable controlling steady-state water-level conditions. Simulated groundwater flow to stream reaches was most sensitive to changes in horizontal hydraulic conductivity, indicating that this characteristic is the predominant model input variable controlling steady-state flow conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., 2004, Simulation of ground-water flow in glaciofluvial aquifers in the Grand Rapids area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5159, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045159.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045159.JPG"},{"id":5979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Grand Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58050,"text":"ofr20041347 - 2004 - Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-05T18:34:13.933998","indexId":"ofr20041347","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1347","title":"Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2002","docAbstract":"

Urbanization has dramatically increased precipitation runoff to the system of drainage channels and natural stream channels in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area. Rainfall and runoff data are important for planning and designing future storm-water conveyance channels in newly developing areas. Storm-water quality also is monitored in accordance with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Albuquerque Metropolitan Arroyo Flood Control Authority, the City of Albuquerque, and the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative program to collect hydrologic data to help assess the quality and quantity of surface-water resources in the Albuquerque area. This report presents water-quality, streamflow, and rainfall data collected from October 1, 2001, to September 30, 2002 (water year 2002). Also provided is a station analysis for each of the 20 streamflow-gaging sites and 41 rainfall-gaging sites, which includes a description of monitoring equipment, problems associated with data collection during the year, and other information used to compute streamflow discharges or rainfall records. A hydrographic comparison shows the effects that the largest drainage channel in the metropolitan area, the North Floodway Channel, has on total flow in the Rio Grande.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041347","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Metropolitan Arroyo Flood Control Authority and the City of Albuquerque","usgsCitation":"Kelly, T., Romero, O., and Turner, E., 2004, Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1347, iv, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041347.","productDescription":"iv, 119 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1347/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":489805,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1347/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.0159062021065,\n 35.40557093842378\n ],\n [\n -107.0159062021065,\n 34.77880064470824\n ],\n [\n -106.13498380427245,\n 34.77880064470824\n ],\n [\n -106.13498380427245,\n 35.40557093842378\n ],\n [\n -107.0159062021065,\n 35.40557093842378\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6496f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Todd","contributorId":89168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romero, Orlando","contributorId":92335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"Orlando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Eric","contributorId":101145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57801,"text":"ofr20041255 - 2004 - VPV--The velocity profile viewer user manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"ofr20041255","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1255","title":"VPV--The velocity profile viewer user manual","docAbstract":"The Velocity Profile Viewer (VPV) is a tool for visualizing time series of velocity profiles developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The USGS uses VPV to preview and present measured velocity data from acoustic Doppler current profilers and simulated velocity data from three-dimensional estuarine, river, and lake hydrodynamic models. The data can be viewed as an animated three-dimensional profile or as a stack of time-series graphs that each represents a location in the water column.\r\n\r\n The graphically displayed data are shown at each time step like frames of animation. The animation can play at several different speeds or can be suspended on one frame. The viewing angle and time can be manipulated using mouse interaction. A number of options control the appearance of the profile and the graphs. VPV cannot edit or save data, but it can create a Post-Script file showing the velocity profile in three dimensions. This user manual describes how to use each of these features. 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The Iowa ground-water-quality monitoring program has been conducted cooperatively since 1982 by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Geological Survey; the University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory; and the U.S. Geological Survey. The original objectives of the program were to provide baseline ground-water-quality data throughout the State for the major aquifers and to address any new areas of water-quality concern. Since the program began, the emphasis and objectives of the program have changed several times. As of 1992, greater emphasis has been placed on determining trends in ground-water quality and correlating water quality with possible contributing factors such as location, land use, aquifer, aquifer depth, and precipitation.

\n

From 1997 through 2002, a total of 471 samples of untreated water have been collected from 154 municipal wells throughout Iowa. The samples, collected from six different aquifers, consisted of 192 alluvial aquifer samples (36 wells), 79 Pleistocene aquifer samples (16 wells), 52 Cretaceous aquifer samples (35 wells), 48 Carboniferous aquifer samples (30 wells), 54 Silurian-Devonian aquifer samples (19 wells), and 46 Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer samples (18 wells).

\n

Some samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the respective Maximum Contaminant Levels for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Of 471 samples analyzed, 19 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the Maximum Contaminant Level for sulfate; 31 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the Maximum Contaminant Level for nitrite plus nitrate; 257 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for iron; and 249 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for manganese. Of the 443 samples analyzed for pesticides, 87 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the respective minimum reporting levels for the parent compounds, 30 samples had concentrations greater than or equal to the respective minimum reporting levels for pesticide metabolites, and 26 samples had detectable concentrations (censored values) less than the minimum reporting levels. Concentrations of alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor accounted for about 90 percent of the samples equal to or exceeding the respective minimum reporting levels for pesticides. No samples had pesticide concentrations greater than the respective Maximum Contaminant or Health Advisory Levels.

\n

The compact disc included with this report has information about water-quality properties and concentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radionuclides, total organic carbon, pesticides, and synthetic organic compounds for water years 1997 through 2002.

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\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240

","tableOfContents":"

Preface
Abstract
Introduction
     Purpose and Scope
Description of Iowa Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Program
     Municipal Wells
     Sample Collection and Analysis
Description of Aquifers
     Alluvial Aquifers
     Pleistocene Aquifers
     Cretaceous Aquifers
     Carboniferous Aquifers
     Silurian-Devonian Aquifers
     Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifers
     Precambrian Aquifer
Quality of Ground Water
     Sulfate
     Nitrite Plus Nitrate
     Arsenic
     Iron
     Manganese
     Alachlor, Atrazine, Cyanazine, and Metolachlor
Organization of the Water-Quality Data on the Compact Disc
Summary
References Cited
Supplemental Information

","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a72e4b07f02db642d8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54049,"text":"ofr20041073 - 2004 - Surface- and Ground-Water Monitoring and Mapping of Selected Features at the Blue Ridge Parkway Mt. Pisgah Campground, Haywood County, North Carolina, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T16:34:35","indexId":"ofr20041073","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1073","title":"Surface- and Ground-Water Monitoring and Mapping of Selected Features at the Blue Ridge Parkway Mt. Pisgah Campground, Haywood County, North Carolina, 2002","docAbstract":"During 2002, a baseline study of hydrologic conditions was conducted, and selected features were mapped within the Mt. Pisgah campground on the Blue Ridge Parkway in Haywood County, North Carolina. Field surveys were performed by using global positioning system equipment one time (January 2002) during the study to locate hydrologic and other types of features in the study area. Water-level and streamflow data and seasonal water-quality samples were collected from a stream that receives all surface-water drainage from the campground area. During 2002, water levels (stage) in the stream ranged from 1.09 to 1.89 feet above gage datum (4,838.06 to 4,838.86 feet above mean sea level). Flow in the stream ranged from 0.05 to 9.7 cubic feet per second. Annual daily mean flow for calendar year 2002 was approximately 0.35 cubic foot per second (about 226,000 gallons per day). Samples collected from the stream had low concentrations of all constituents measured. Four compounds associated with human activity (camphor, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (the insect repellent DEET), tributylphosphate, and methylsalicylate) were detected in the stream samples; however, concentrations were less than detection levels. Stream samples collected in April and September and analyzed for fecal coliform bacteria had densities of 76 and 110 colonies per 100 milliliters of water, respectively. No violations of water-quality standards were noted for any constituent measured in the stream samples.\r\n\r\nSeven shallow ground-water wells were installed near a natural area in the center of the campground. Ground-water levels measured periodically in these wells and in two existing shallow piezometers generally were highest in the spring and lowest in the fall. Water temperature, pH, and specific conductance were measured in samples collected from the shallow wells in April and September 2002. Measured pH values were consistently lowest in samples from two wells on the west side of the natural area and highest in samples from the well located near the center of the natural area. Specific-conductance values measured in samples from wells on the east side of the natural area were lower than those measured in samples from the other wells. Specific-conductance values measured in samples from two wells on the west side and from one well near the center of the natural area generally were two to three times higher than the specific-conductance values measured in samples from wells on the east side of the natural area.\r\n\r\nSamples for fecal coliform bacteria were collected from six wells on September 11, 2002. The fecal coliform densities in samples from most of the wells were less than or equal to 8 colonies per 100 milliliters. Samples from two of the three wells on the west side of the natural area had coliform densities of 16 and 480 colonies per 100 milliliters.\r\n\r\nOther ground-water samples collected on September 11 and September 24 were analyzed with a spectrophotometer in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) North Carolina District Office for nitrate concentrations only. From the samples collected on September 11, estimated nitrate concentrations of 1 milligram per liter or less were detected in three wells, two on the west side and one on the east side of the natural area. Nitrate was not detected with a spectrophotometer in any of the ground-water samples collected on September 24. Indicator test strips also were used in the field to screen for nitrate and nitrite in ground-water samples collected on September 24. Nitrate was detected by test strips in one well on the west side of the natural area, with estimated concentrations of 1 milligram per liter or less indicated. Nitrite was not detected by the test strips in samples collected from any of the wells.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041073","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.G., 2004, Surface- and Ground-Water Monitoring and Mapping of Selected Features at the Blue Ridge Parkway Mt. Pisgah Campground, Haywood County, North Carolina, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1073, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041073.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5491,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/of2004-1073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Haywood County","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Pisgah Campground,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.25027465820312,\n 34.98837848142154\n ],\n [\n -83.25027465820312,\n 35.64390523787731\n ],\n [\n -82.47848510742188,\n 35.64390523787731\n ],\n [\n -82.47848510742188,\n 34.98837848142154\n ],\n [\n -83.25027465820312,\n 34.98837848142154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6911c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58033,"text":"sir20045119 - 2004 - Fish communities of the Buffalo River Basin and nearby basins of Arkansas and their relation to selected environmental factors, 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:29","indexId":"sir20045119","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5119","title":"Fish communities of the Buffalo River Basin and nearby basins of Arkansas and their relation to selected environmental factors, 2001-2002","docAbstract":"The Buffalo River lies in north-central Arkansas and is a tributary of the White River. Most of the length of the Buffalo River lies within the boundaries of Buffalo National River, a unit of the National Park Service; the upper 24 river kilometers lie within the boundary of the Ozark National Forest. Much of the upper and extreme lower parts of the basin on the south side of the Buffalo River is within the Ozark National Forest. \r\n\r\nDuring the summers of 2001 and 2002, fish communities were sampled at 52 sites in the study area that included the Buffalo River Basin and selected smaller nearby basins within the White River Basin in north-central Arkansas. Water quality (including nutrient and bacteria concentrations) and several other environmental factors (such as stream size, land use, substrate size, and riparian shading) also were measured. \r\n\r\nA total of 56 species of fish were collected from sites within the Buffalo River Basin in 2001 and 2002. All 56 species also were collected from within the boundaries of Buffalo National River. Twenty-two species were collected from headwater sites on tributaries of the Buffalo River; 27 species were collected from sites within or immediately adjacent to the Ozark National Forest. The list of species collected from Buffalo National River is similar to the list of species reported by previous investigators. Species richness at sites on the mainstem of the Buffalo River generally increased in a downstream direction. The number of species collected (both years combined) increased from 17 at the most upstream site to 38 near the mouth of the Buffalo River. In 2001 and 2002, a total of 53 species of fish were collected from sites outside the Buffalo River Basin. \r\n\r\nSeveral fish community metrics varied among sites in different site categories (mainstem, large tributary, small tributary, headwater, and developed out-of-basin sites). Median relative abundances of stonerollers ranged from about 25 to 55 percent and were highest at headwater and developed out-of-basin sites and lowest at mainstem sites. The relative abundances at the headwater and developed out-of-basin sites were significantly different from the relative abundances at the mainstem sites. Percentages of individuals of algivorous/herbivorous, invertivorous, and piscivorous species at headwater sites were significantly lower than values at mainstem and developed out-of-basin sites. Percentages of individuals of invertivorous species at mainstem sites were significantly higher than values at small tributary, headwater, and developed out-of-basin sites. Percentages of top carnivores at mainstem sites were significantly higher than values at tributary and headwater sites. The numbers of darter, sculpin, plus madtom species at mainstem, large tributary, and developed out-of-basin sites were significantly higher than values at other sites, and the values at small tributary sites and headwater sites were each significantly different from values at the other four types of sites. The number of lithophilic spawning species at large tributary sites was not significantly different from values at mainstem and developed out-of-basin sites, but values for small tributary and headwater sites each were significantly different from values for all other categories. Index of biotic integrity scores varied among the site categories. Scores for mainstem sites were significantly larger than all but large tributary site scores. Scores for headwater sites were significantly smaller than mainstem and large tributary site scores.\r\n\r\nSeveral analyses of the data described in this report suggest that drainage area is the most important single factor influencing fish communities of the Buffalo River Basin and nearby basins. Species richness increases with increasing drainage area and some species are restricted to smaller streams while other species are more common in larger streams. Some community metrics also are related to land use and related factors","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045119","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., 2004, Fish communities of the Buffalo River Basin and nearby basins of Arkansas and their relation to selected environmental factors, 2001-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5119, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045119.","productDescription":"100 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5963,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545cb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57992,"text":"sir20045061 - 2004 - Organochlorine pesticides in the Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon, 1988-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:20:40","indexId":"sir20045061","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5061","title":"Organochlorine pesticides in the Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon, 1988-2002","docAbstract":"Organochlorine pesticides were detected in unfiltered samples from Johnson Creek that were collected during a storm in March, 2002. Total DDT (the sum of DDT and its metabolites), as well as dieldrin, potentially exceeded Oregon chronic, freshwater criteria at all four Johnson Creek stream-sampling sites. The total DDT criterion was also potentially exceeded at a storm drain at SE 45th Avenue and Umatilla Street. \r\n\r\nThe concentration of total DDT in water samples has decreased by an order of magnitude since previous sampling was done on Johnson Creek in 1989?1990. This decrease was probably due to the movement of these compounds out of the basin and to degradation processes. Concentrations and loads of the organochlorine pesticides were largest at the most upstream sampling site, Johnson Creek at Palmblad Road, which has historically been primarily affected by agricultural land cover. Concentrations and loads were smaller at downstream locations, and there were only a few detections from storm drains. \r\n\r\nFor the purposes of assessing trends in total DDT concentration in Johnson Creek, data for total suspended solids (TSS) were examined, because TSS is often correlated with DDT concentrations, and TSS data are collected routinely by regulatory agencies. As an intermediate step, linear regression was used to relate TSS (measured in the recent study) and turbidity (measured both in the earlier and in the recent studies). For 77 samples, TSS (in mg/L [milligrams per liter]) = 0.88 x Turbidity (in nephleometric turbidity units). The r2 value was 0.82. \r\n\r\nThe TSS concentration (measured, or estimated by the regression) was compared to the concentration of total DDT using linear regression. The TSS concentration associated with meeting the Oregon water-quality criterion for total DDT was 15 to 18 mg/L in the lower and middle part of the basin and 8 mg/L in the upper reaches of the basin. This TSS/DDT relationship is based on only one storm and may not be valid for other conditions of streamflow and runoff. Dieldrin concentration was not well correlated with TSS. \r\n\r\nOrganochlorine compounds also were detected in significant concentrations in Kelley Creek, an important tributary to Johnson Creek, but quality-control considerations made it difficult to interpret some of the data. It does appear, however, that some of the metabolites of DDT were positively associated with TSS. The high concentrations of the DDT metabolites and dieldrin were correlated with agricultural areas.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045061","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., and Lee, K.K., 2004, Organochlorine pesticides in the Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon, 1988-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5061, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045061.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Karl K.","contributorId":41050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58041,"text":"fs20043097 - 2004 - Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2003 and 2002 to 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-02T20:36:46.52595","indexId":"fs20043097","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3097","title":"Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2003 and 2002 to 2003","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043097","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., 2004, Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2003 and 2002 to 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3097, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043097.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5971,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3097/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3097.bmp"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69793e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57953,"text":"fs20043075 - 2004 - USGS western coastal and marine geology team, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"fs20043075","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3075","title":"USGS western coastal and marine geology team, 2004","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043075","usgsCitation":"Gibbons, H., 2004, USGS western coastal and marine geology team, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3075, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043075.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3075.bmp"},{"id":5912,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56946,"text":"wri034218 - 2004 - Sediment characteristics and configuration within the Otsego City Dam impoundment on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T11:35:54","indexId":"wri034218","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4218","title":"Sediment characteristics and configuration within the Otsego City Dam impoundment on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, 2001-02","docAbstract":"

The removal of the Otsego City Dam on the Kalamazoo River at Otsego, Mich., is under consideration by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the city of Otsego. The historical discharge of papermill waste containing polychlorinated biphenyls from sources upstream from the dam has led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to designate the Kalamazoo River from Morrow Dam near Comstock to its mouth near Saugatuck as a Federal Superfund site. The papermill waste is concentrated in organic sediment and kaolinite clay, with the sediment containing as much as 94 milligrams per kilogram polychlorinated biphenyls. This contaminated sediment could move if the dam is removed; therefore, it is necessary to estimate the characteristics and configuration of the sediment before removal plans begin.

Data from augered sections and sediment cores show that the current Otsego City impoundment sediments were deposited in two distinctly different sedimentary environments: (1) lacustrine sediments consisting of organic-rich silt and clay, fine to medium sand, and some gravel deposited in a repetitive, cyclic fashion related to former stream velocities when the Otsego City impoundment water levels were 2-4 feet higher (1880s-1960s), and from downstream movement of lacustrine sediments during the removal of the upstream Plainwell Dam superstructure in the 1980s; and (2) more recent (1980s-2002) coarse-grained alluvium deposited on top of the lacustrine sediments. The volume of instream sediment contained within the Otsego City impoundment is estimated to be about 457,270 cubic yards. This estimate is based on the composite thicknesses of the lacustrine deposits and overlying alluvium, which were determined to contain PCBs, and does not include bank or flood-plain deposits.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri034218","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Rheaume, S.J., Hubbell, D., Rachol, C., Simard, A., and Fuller, L.M., 2004, Sediment characteristics and configuration within the Otsego City Dam impoundment on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4218, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034218.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5706,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Otsego City Dam impoundment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.694444,\n 42.465278\n ],\n [\n -85.694444,\n 42.454167\n ],\n [\n -85.663889,\n 42.454167\n ],\n [\n -85.663889,\n 42.465278\n ],\n [\n -85.694444,\n 42.465278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rheaume, S. J.","contributorId":70804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheaume","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbell, D. L.","contributorId":85636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbell","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rachol, C. M. 0000-0001-9984-3435","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":59085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simard, A.","contributorId":89222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":58039,"text":"sir20045092 - 2004 - Comparison of methods for determining streamflow requirements for aquatic habitat protection at selected sites on the Assabet and Charles Rivers, Eastern Massachusetts, 2000-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:29","indexId":"sir20045092","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5092","title":"Comparison of methods for determining streamflow requirements for aquatic habitat protection at selected sites on the Assabet and Charles Rivers, Eastern Massachusetts, 2000-02","docAbstract":"Four methods used to determine streamflow requirements for habitat protection at nine critical riffle reaches in the Assabet River and Charles River Basins were compared. The methods include three standard setting techniques?R2Cross, Wetted Perimeter, and Tennant?and a diagnostic method, the Range of Variability Approach. One study reach is on the main stem of the Assabet River, four reaches are on tributaries to the Assabet River (Cold Harbor Brook, Danforth Brook, Fort Meadow Brook, and Elizabeth Brook), three are on the main stem of the Charles River, and one is on a tributary to the Charles River (Mine Brook). The strength of the R2Cross and Wetted-Perimeter methods is that they may be applied at ungaged locations whereas the Tennant method and the Range of Variability Approach require a period of streamflow record for analysis.\r\n\r\nFish community assessments conducted at or near riffle sites in flowing reaches of the Assabet River and Charles River Basins were used to indicate ecological conditions. The fish communities in the main stem and tributary reaches of both the Assabet and Charles River Basins indicated degraded aquatic ecosystems. However, the degree of degradation differs between the two basins. The extreme predominance of tolerant, generalist species in the Charles River fish community demon-strates the cumulative impacts of flow, habitat, and water-chemistry degradation, combined with the effects of nearby impoundments and changing land use.\r\n\r\nThe range of discharges for nine ungaged riffle reaches defined by the median R2Cross 3-of-3 criteria, R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria, and Wetted-Perimeter streamflow requirements, was 0.86 cubic foot per second per square mile, 0.18 cubic foot per second per square mile, and 0.23 cubic foot per second per square mile, respectively. Application of R2Cross and Wetted-Perimeter methods to sites with altered streamflows or at sites that are riffles only at low to moderate flows can result in a greater variability of streamflow requirements than would result if the methods were applied to riffles on natural channels with unaltered streamflows. The R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria and the Wetted-Perimeter streamflow requirements for the Assabet and Charles River sites show narrower interquartile ranges and lower median streamflow requirements than for 10 index streamflow-gaging stations in southern New England. This is especially evident for the R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria and Wetted-Perimeter results that were close to half of the flow requirements determined at the 10 southern New England stations.\r\n\r\nThe R2Cross and Wetted-Perimeter methods were also compared to the Range of Variability Approach analysis and the Tennant Method. The median R2Cross 3-of-3 criteria streamflow requirement for the nine riffles is close to the 75th percentile of the monthly mean flows during the summer low-flow period from six streamflow-gaging stations near the Assabet and Charles River Basins having mostly unaltered flow. This streamflow requirement is close to the median Tennant 40-percent-flow requirement for good habitat condi-tion for the same six nearby stations. The R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria and Wetted-Perimeter results were less than the 25th-percentile of monthly mean flows during the summer months for the six stations. These streamflow requirements are in the poor habitat range as indicated by a Tennant analysis of the same six stations. These comparisons indicate that the R2Cross and Wetted-Perimeter methods underestimate streamflow requirements when applied to sites in smaller drainage areas and channels that are runs at higher flows.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045092","usgsCitation":"Parker, G.W., Armstrong, D.S., and Richards, T.A., 2004, Comparison of methods for determining streamflow requirements for aquatic habitat protection at selected sites on the Assabet and Charles Rivers, Eastern Massachusetts, 2000-02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5092, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045092.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5969,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2004_5092.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Gene W. gwparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gene","email":"gwparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, David S. 0000-0003-1695-1233 darmstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-1233","contributorId":1390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David","email":"darmstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, Todd A.","contributorId":52266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57867,"text":"fs20043088 - 2004 - Ground-water ambient monitoring and assessment program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"fs20043088","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3088","title":"Ground-water ambient monitoring and assessment program","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043088","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2004, Ground-water ambient monitoring and assessment program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3088, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043088.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3088.jpg"},{"id":5808,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2004-3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58104,"text":"ofr20041353 - 2004 - Dynamics of the physical environment at the USS Arizona memorial: 2002-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T20:45:22.500744","indexId":"ofr20041353","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1353","title":"Dynamics of the physical environment at the USS Arizona memorial: 2002-2004","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041353","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Russell, M.A., Owens, M.D., Field, M.E., and Murphy, L.E., 2004, Dynamics of the physical environment at the USS Arizona memorial: 2002-2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1353, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041353.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69080.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5716,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1353/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"USS Arizona Memorial","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.95033963540192,\n 21.365229540959703\n ],\n [\n -157.95033963540192,\n 21.364365122627703\n ],\n [\n -157.94948215103528,\n 21.364365122627703\n ],\n [\n -157.94948215103528,\n 21.365229540959703\n ],\n [\n -157.95033963540192,\n 21.365229540959703\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fe2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Matthew A.","contributorId":74814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, Marshall D.","contributorId":32238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, Larry E.","contributorId":57942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":57899,"text":"ofr20041296 - 2004 - A summary of the scientific literature on the effects of fire on the concentration of nutrients in surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:14","indexId":"ofr20041296","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1296","title":"A summary of the scientific literature on the effects of fire on the concentration of nutrients in surface waters","docAbstract":"This paper provides a detailed review of the chemical changes that occur in soil during a fire, the pathways by which nutrients are transferred from soil to surface-water bodies following a fire, and the temporal and spatial effects of fires on the concentration of nutrients in surface-water bodies during and following a fire that have been reported in the scientific literature. Thirty-nine papers from the scientific literature that represent studies that (1) were done in a variety of environments (savannas, grasslands, temperate forests, alpine forests, and so forth); (2) had a range of sampling frequency and duration, such as during and immediately following a fire (from the start of fire to 1 year later), short-term sampling (from end of fire to 3 years later), and long term-sampling (sampling for greater than 3 years following a fire); and (3) incorporated watersheds with various burn intensities, severities, and histories were reviewed and summarized. The review of the scientific literature has revealed that measurable effects of fires on streamwater quality are most likely to occur if the fire was severe enough to burn large amounts of organic matter, if windy conditions were present during the fire, if heavy rain occurred following the fire, and if the fire occurred in a watershed with steep slopes and soils with little cation-exchange capacity. Measurable effects of fires on lake- and reservoir-water quality are most likely to occur if, in addition to the factors listed for streams, the lake or reservoir is oligotrophic or mesotrophic and the residence time of water in the lake or reservoir is short relative to the length of time elevated concentrations of nutrients occur in runoff. Knowledge of whether a lake or reservoir is nitrogen or phosphorus limited is important because eutrophication of nitrogen-limited lakes may occur following a fire due to increasing nitrogen:phosphorus ratios caused by prolonged increases of nitrogen concentrations, especially nitrate.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041296","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A.J., 2004, A summary of the scientific literature on the effects of fire on the concentration of nutrients in surface waters (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1296, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041296.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5857,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1296/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57954,"text":"pp1550E - 2004 - The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Geologic setting and crustal structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T20:51:47.909987","indexId":"pp1550E","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1550","chapter":"E","title":"The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Geologic setting and crustal structure","docAbstract":"Although some scientists considered the Ms=7.1 Loma Prieta, Calif., earthquake of 1989 to be an anticipated event, some aspects of the earthquake were surprising. It occurred 17 km beneath the Santa Cruz Mountains along a left-stepping restraining bend in the San Andreas fault system. Rupture on the southwest-dipping fault plane consisted of subequal amounts of right-lateral and reverse motion but did not reach the surface. In the area of maximum uplift, severe shaking and numerous ground cracks occurred along Summit Road and Skyland Ridge, several kilometers south of the main trace of the San Andreas fault. The relatively deep focus of the earthquake, the distribution of ground failure, the absence of throughgoing surface rupture on the San Andreas fault, and the large component of uplift raised several questions about the relation of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake to the San Andreas fault: Did the earthquake actually occur on the San Andreas fault? Where exactly is the San Andreas fault in the heavily forested Santa Cruz Mountains, and how does the fault relate to ground ruptures that occurred there in 1989 and 1906? What is the geometry of the San Andreas fault system at depth, and how does it relate to the major crustal blocks identified by geologic mapping?\r\n\r\nSubsequent geophysical and geologic investigations of crustal structure in the Loma Prieta region have addressed these and other questions about the relation of the earthquake to geologic structures observed in the southern Santa Cruz Mountains. The diverse papers in this chapter cover several topics: geologic mapping of the region, potential- field and electromagnetic modeling of crustal structure, and the velocity structure of the crust and mantle in and below the source region for the earthquake. Although these papers were mostly completed between 1992 and 1997, they provide critical documentation of the crustal structure of the Loma Prieta region. Together, they present a remarkably coherent, three-dimensional picture of the earthquake source region--a geologically complex volume of crust with a long history of both right-lateral faulting and fault-normal compression, thrusting, and uplift.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1550E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., 2004, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Geologic setting and crustal structure: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1550, Report: 204 p.; 3 Plates: 38.36 × 41.01 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1550E.","productDescription":"Report: 204 p.; 3 Plates: 38.36 × 41.01 inches or smaller","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110519,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68888.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68888"},{"id":110520,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68889.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68889"},{"id":8209,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1550/pp1550e/pp1550e_plate3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8208,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1550/pp1550e/pp1550e_plate2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8207,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1550/pp1550e/pp1550e_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":5913,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1550/pp1550e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401893,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68881.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":182133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3382568359375,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -121.31103515625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -121.31103515625,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -122.3382568359375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -122.3382568359375,\n 36.70365959719456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57948,"text":"ofr20041342 - 2004 - Lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides used in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20041342","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1342","title":"Lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides used in New England","docAbstract":"The three most important arsenical pesticides and herbicides that were extensively used on apple, blueberry, and potato crops in New England from mid-1800s to recent times are lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, and sodium arsenate. Lead arsenate was probably the most heavily used of the arsenical pesticides until it was banned in 1988. Other metal-arsenic pesticides were also used but in lesser amounts. A recent report identified areas in New England where arsenical pesticides were used extensively (Robinson and Ayuso, 2004). On the basis of factor analysis of metal concentrations in stream sediment samples, a positive correlation with pesticide use was shown in regions having stream sediment sample populations that contained concentrations of high arsenic and lead. Lead isotope compositions of stream sediments from areas with heavy use of the pesticides could not be entirely explained by lead originating from rock sulfides and their weathering products. An industrial lead contribution (mostly from atmospheric deposition of lead) was suggested in general to explain the lead isotopic distributions of the stream sediments that could not be accounted for by the natural lead in the environment. We concluded that when agricultural land previously contaminated with arsenical pesticides is urbanized, pesticide residues in the soils and stream sediments could be released into the groundwater. No lead isotopic data characterizing the compositions of pesticides were available for comparison. \r\n\r\nWe have determined the lead isotopic compositions of commonly used pesticides in New England, such as lead arsenate, sodium metaarsenite, and calcium arsenate, in order to assist in future isotopic comparisons and to better establish anthropogenic sources of Pb and As. New data are also presented for copper acetoarsenite (or Paris green), methyl arsonic acid and methane arsonic acid, as well as for arsanilic acid, all of which are used as feed additives to promote swine and poultry growth. The new data characterize these anthropogenic sources. The data show that the arsenical pesticides have similar compositions: 208Pb/207Pb = 2.3839-2.4721, 206Pb/207Pb = 1.1035-1.2010, and 206Pb/204Pb = 17.070-18.759 and, more importantly, that the pesticides overlap the composition of the stream sediments that represent the areas with the most extensive agricultural use. Copper acetoarsenite (Paris green), arsenic oxide, methyl arsonic acid, methane arsonic acid, and arsanilic acid were also analyzed and have lead isotope compositions that range widely. An important source of arsenic and metals to most of the stream sediment samples in New England appears to be weathering products from rocks and industrial lead, but the extensive use of arsenical pesticides and herbicides up to about the 1960s can also be a significant anthropogenic source in agricultural regions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041342","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R., Foley, N., Robinson, G., Wandless, G., and Dillingham, J., 2004, Lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides used in New England (Version 1.0; Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1342, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041342.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5907,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1342/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0; Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert","contributorId":96350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora","contributorId":9342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":23625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wandless, Gregory","contributorId":77233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dillingham, Jeremy","contributorId":49451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillingham","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":57947,"text":"ofr20041336 - 2004 - Lime kiln dust as a potential raw material in portland cement manufacturing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20041336","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1336","title":"Lime kiln dust as a potential raw material in portland cement manufacturing","docAbstract":"In the United States, the manufacture of portland cement involves burning in a rotary kiln a finely ground proportional mix of raw materials. The raw material mix provides the required chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, and small amounts of other ingredients. The majority of calcium is supplied in the form of calcium carbonate usually from limestone. Other sources including waste materials or byproducts from other industries can be used to supply calcium (or lime, CaO), provided they have sufficiently high CaO content, have low magnesia content (less than 5 percent), and are competitive with limestone in terms of cost and adequacy of supply. In the United States, the lime industry produces large amounts of lime kiln dust (LKD), which is collected by dust control systems. This LKD may be a supplemental source of calcium for cement plants, if the lime and cement plants are located near enough to each other to make the arrangement economical.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041336","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.M., and Callaghan, R.M., 2004, Lime kiln dust as a potential raw material in portland cement manufacturing (Version 1.0; Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1336, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041336.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5906,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1336/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0; Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. Michael mmiller1@usgs.gov","contributorId":2018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"mmiller1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callaghan, Robert M. rcallaghan@usgs.gov","contributorId":475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callaghan","given":"Robert","email":"rcallaghan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57942,"text":"wri034185 - 2004 - Environmental setting, water quality, and ecological indicators of surface-water quality in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T13:04:20","indexId":"wri034185","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4185","title":"Environmental setting, water quality, and ecological indicators of surface-water quality in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected data from 29 wells and 24 surface-water sites in the Mermentau River Basin, 1998-2001, to better understand ground-water and surface-water quality; aquatic invertebrate communities; and habitat conditions, in relation to land use. This study was apart of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which was designed to assess water quality as it relates to various land uses. Water-quality data were evaluated with criteria established for the protection of drinking water and aquatic life, and bed-sediment data were compared to aquatic life criteria. Water-quality and ecological data were analyzed statistically in relation to drainage area and agricultural land-use integrity.\n\nConcentrations of nutrients and major inorganic ions in ground water and surface water generally were highest in the southeastern part of the study area where soils contain thick loess deposits. Peak concentrations of nutrients in surface water occurred March-may at two sites with high agricultural intensity; the lowest concentrations occurred August-January. The greatest potential for eutrophic conditions in surface water, based on nutrient concentrations, existed March-May, at about the same time or shortly after ricefields were drained. Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were exceeded for sulfate, chloride, iron, or manganese in samples from 20 wells, and for iron or manganese in samples from all surface-water sites. \n\nFewer pesticides were detected in ground water than in surface water. In 11 of of the 29 wells sampled, at least one pesticide or pesticide degradation product was detected. The most frequently detected pesticides or pesticide degradation products in ground water were the herbicides benzaton and atrazine. Concentrations of 47 pesticides and degradation products were detected in surface water. At least 3 pesticides were detected in all surface-water samples. In 72 percent of the samples at least 5 hydrophilic pesticides were detected, and in more than 70 percent of the samples at least 3 hydrophobic pesticides were detected. Although atrazine concentrations in three samples collected in the spring exceeded 3 micrograms per liter, the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level of 3 micrograms per liter was not exceeded because it is based on an annual average of quarterly samples. Concentrations larger than 3.0 micrograms per liter were not detected in samples collected during other times of the year. Tebuthiuron was detected at all surface-water sites; the largest concentration (6.33 micrograms per liter) was detected at a site on Bayou des Cannes, and was the only detection that exceeded the criterion (1.6 micrograms per liter) for the protection of aquatic life. Malathion was detected at 16 surface-water sites; the largest concentration (0.113 micrograms per liter) was detected at a site on Bayou Lacassine and was the only detection that exceeded the criterion (0.1 micrograms per liter) for the protection of aquatic life. Concentrations of fipronil exceeded numeric targets for acute total maximum daily loads (2.3 micrograms per liter) at 3 sites and chronic total maximum daily loads (4.6 micrograms per liter) at 14 sites. Maximum pesticide concentrations in surface water usually occurred in the spring at about the same time or shortly after ricefields were drained. \n\nConcentrations of DDE in bed sediment at two sites exceeded interim freshwater sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Fipronil sulfide and desulfinylpronil were detected at all 17 sites from which bed-sediment samples were collected, but there are no current (2002) guidelines with which to evaluate the environmental effects of fipronil and degradation products. \n\nTwo methods were used to group the ecological data-collection sites: (1) Sites were grouped before data collection (according to the study design) using drainage area","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034185","usgsCitation":"Skrobialowski, S.C., Mize, S.V., and Demcheck, D.K., 2004, Environmental setting, water quality, and ecological indicators of surface-water quality in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4185, 73 p.; 20 figs.; 13 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034185.","productDescription":"73 p.; 20 figs.; 13 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4185/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":274630,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4185/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6021cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skrobialowski, Stanley C. 0000-0001-8627-0279 sski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-0279","contributorId":1402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrobialowski","given":"Stanley","email":"sski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69793,"text":"sim2853 - 2004 - Map showing coastal cliff retreat rates along the Big Sur coast, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:36","indexId":"sim2853","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2853","title":"Map showing coastal cliff retreat rates along the Big Sur coast, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California","docAbstract":"The average coastal cliff retreat rate along the Big Sur coast is 18 ? 6 cm/yr as measured over a 52-year time period. The erosion reference features measured as the cliff edge include the well-defined cliff edges common to marine terraces, slight breaks in the slope defining the upper edge of the active lower slope, and the road grade. Cliff erosion and retreat are focused in isolated erosion hotspots that account for most of the calculated average retreat.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2853","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., and Green, K.R., 2004, Map showing coastal cliff retreat rates along the Big Sur coast, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2853, map, 48 by 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2853.","productDescription":"map, 48 by 34 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110515,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68860.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68860"},{"id":6417,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2853/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":187543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659d57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":281266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Krystal R.","contributorId":31060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Krystal","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69812,"text":"sim2848 - 2004 - Earthquakes and faults in the San Francisco Bay area (1970-2003)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T09:42:51","indexId":"sim2848","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2848","title":"Earthquakes and faults in the San Francisco Bay area (1970-2003)","docAbstract":"

The map depicts both active and inactive faults and earthquakes magnitude 1.5 to 7.0 in the greater San Francisco Bay area. Twenty-two earthquakes magnitude 5.0 and greater are indicated on the map and listed chronologically in an accompanying table. The data are compiled from records from 1970-2003. The bathymetry was generated from a digital version of NOAA maps and hydrogeographic data for San Francisco Bay. Elevation data are from the USGS National Elevation Database. Landsat satellite image is from seven Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus scenes. Fault data are reproduced with permission from the California Geological Survey. The earthquake data are from the Northern California Earthquake Catalog.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim2848","isbn":"0607990295","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Calzia, J.P., Walter, S.R., Wong, F.L., and Saucedo, G.J., 2004, Earthquakes and faults in the San Francisco Bay area (1970-2003): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2848, Map: 33 x 46 inches; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2848.","productDescription":"Map: 33 x 46 inches; Table","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":189186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343774,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2848/SIM2848.pdf","text":"Map as PDF file","size":"26.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":343775,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2848/SIM2848.jpg","text":"Map as JPG file (72 dpi)","size":"1.6 MB"},{"id":343776,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2848/SIM2848_table.pdf","text":"Table for map","size":"448 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":6169,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2848/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110525,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69202.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"69202"}],"scale":"300000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.3,36.2 ], [ -123.3,39.0 ], [ -121.0,39.0 ], [ -121.0,36.2 ], [ -123.3,36.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calzia, James P. jcalzia@usgs.gov","contributorId":2801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calzia","given":"James","email":"jcalzia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walter, Stephen R.","contributorId":34954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saucedo, George J.","contributorId":89006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saucedo","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":69809,"text":"sim2856 - 2004 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Tanacross B-5 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:22","indexId":"sim2856","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2856","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Tanacross B-5 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2856","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 2004, Surficial Geologic Map of the Tanacross B-5 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2856, 1 sheet, 43 by 25 inches , https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2856.","productDescription":"1 sheet, 43 by 25 inches ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2856/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110526,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69205.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"69205"}],"scale":"63360","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69792,"text":"sim2851 - 2004 - Geologic map of the Cerro Gordo Peak 7.5' Quadrangle, Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:24","indexId":"sim2851","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2851","title":"Geologic map of the Cerro Gordo Peak 7.5' Quadrangle, Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"This digital map database, compiled from new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits in the mapped area. Together with the accompanying pamphlet, it provides current information on the geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area covered. The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:24,000 or smaller.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2851","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., Dunne, G.C., Conrad, J.E., Swanson, B., Stevens, C., and Valin, Z.C., 2004, Geologic map of the Cerro Gordo Peak 7.5' Quadrangle, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2851, 17 page pamphlet; map, 36 by 42 inches; digital database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2851.","productDescription":"17 page pamphlet; map, 36 by 42 inches; digital database","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110514,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68833.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68833"},{"id":188446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6416,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2851/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.86749999999999,36.5 ], [ -117.86749999999999,36.6175 ], [ -117.73472222222222,36.6175 ], [ -117.73472222222222,36.5 ], [ -117.86749999999999,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69d0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, George C.","contributorId":55086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, Brian J.","contributorId":100950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stevens, Calvin H.","contributorId":59848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Calvin H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valin, Zenon C. 0000-0001-6199-6700 zenon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":3742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Zenon","email":"zenon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":69795,"text":"sim2852 - 2004 - Maps showing estimated sediment yield from coastal landslides and active slope distribution along the Big Sur coast, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:36","indexId":"sim2852","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2852","title":"Maps showing estimated sediment yield from coastal landslides and active slope distribution along the Big Sur coast, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California","docAbstract":"The 1982-83 and 1997-98 El Ni?os brought very high precipitation to California?s central coast; this precipitation resulted in raised groundwater levels, coastal flooding, and destabilized slopes throughout the region. Large landslides in the coastal mountains of Big Sur in Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties blocked sections of California State Route 1, closing the road for months at a time. Large landslides such as these occur frequently in the winter months along the Big Sur coast due to the steep topography and weak bedrock. A large landslide in 1983 resulted in the closure of Highway 1 for over a year to repair the road and stabilize the slope. Resulting work from the 1983 landslide cost over $7 million and generated 30 million cubic yards of debris from landslide removal and excavations to re-establish the highway along the Big Sur coast. \r\n\r\nBefore establishment of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) in 1992, typical road opening measures involved disposal of some landslide material and excess material generated from slope stabilization onto the seaward side of the highway. It is likely that some or most of this disposed material, either directly or indirectly through subsequent erosion, was eventually transported downslope into the ocean. In addition to the landslides that initiate above the road, natural slope failures sometimes occur on the steep slopes below the road and thus deliver material to the base of the coastal mountains where it is eroded and dispersed by waves and nearshore currents. Any coastal-slope landslide, generated through natural or anthropogenic processes, can result in sediment entering the nearshore zone. The waters offshore of the Big Sur coast are part of the MBNMS. Since it was established in 1992, landslide-disposal practices came under question for two reasons. The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 15, Section 922.132 prohibits discharging or depositing, from beyond the boundary of the Sanctuary, any material or other matter that subsequently enters the Sanctuary and injures a Sanctuary resource or quality. The landslide-disposal practices previously used had the potential to alter nearshore zone habitat by converting marine habitats from rocky substrate to soft bottom. In addition, the disposal practices had the potential to increase concentrations of suspended sediment in the nearshore zone, and thereby possibly impact coastal biological communities. On the other hand, natural mass-wasting processes, including coastal cliff erosion coastal and landslides, as well as streams deliver sediment to the coast in unknown quantities and thus provide nutrients as well as source material for beaches. Current road maintenance and repair practices along the Coast Highway 1 corridor that restrict disposal of material within the MBNMS may actually reduce sediment input relative to natural processes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2852","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Green, K.R., and Dallas, K., 2004, Maps showing estimated sediment yield from coastal landslides and active slope distribution along the Big Sur coast, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2852, 1 sheet, 48 by 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2852.","productDescription":"1 sheet, 48 by 34 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110524,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69067.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"69067"},{"id":187545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6419,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2852/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":281269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Krystal R.","contributorId":31060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Krystal","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dallas, Kate","contributorId":33397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallas","given":"Kate","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159627,"text":"70159627 - 2004 - A simplified diagnostic model of orographic rainfall for enhancing satellite-based rainfall estimates in data-poor regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T11:36:13","indexId":"70159627","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2168,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simplified diagnostic model of orographic rainfall for enhancing satellite-based rainfall estimates in data-poor regions","docAbstract":"

An extension of Sinclair's diagnostic model of orographic precipitation (“VDEL”) is developed for use in data-poor regions to enhance rainfall estimates. This extension (VDELB) combines a 2D linearized internal gravity wave calculation with the dot product of the terrain gradient and surface wind to approximate terrain-induced vertical velocity profiles. Slope, wind speed, and stability determine the velocity profile, with either sinusoidal or vertically decaying (evanescent) solutions possible. These velocity profiles replace the parameterized functions in the original VDEL, creating VDELB, a diagnostic accounting for buoyancy effects. A further extension (VDELB*) uses an on/off constraint derived from reanalysis precipitation fields. A validation study over 365 days in the Pacific Northwest suggests that VDELB* can best capture seasonal and geographic variations. A new statistical data-fusion technique is presented and is used to combine VDELB*, reanalysis, and satellite rainfall estimates in southern Africa. The technique, matched filter regression (MFR), sets the variance of the predictors equal to their squared correlation with observed gauge data and predicts rainfall based on the first principal component of the combined data. In the test presented here, mean absolute errors from the MFR technique were 35% lower than the satellite estimates alone. VDELB assumes a linear solution to the wave equations and a Boussinesq atmosphere, and it may give unrealistic responses under extreme conditions. Nonetheless, the results presented here suggest that diagnostic models, driven by reanalysis data, can be used to improve satellite rainfall estimates in data-sparse regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JAM2138.1","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., and Michaelsen, J.C., 2004, A simplified diagnostic model of orographic rainfall for enhancing satellite-based rainfall estimates in data-poor regions: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1366-1378, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2138.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1366","endPage":"1378","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jam2138.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717bce4b0e2669b3130fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel C.","contributorId":91790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}