{"pageNumber":"2678","pageRowStart":"66925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68807,"records":[{"id":37577,"text":"ssrw2 - 1949 - Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions-summer 1949: with notes on Woodcock and Wilson Snipe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:58","indexId":"ssrw2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report  - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions-summer 1949: with notes on Woodcock and Wilson Snipe","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Crissey, W.F., 1949, Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions-summer 1949: with notes on Woodcock and Wilson Snipe: Special Scientific Report  - Wildlife 2, 242 p.","productDescription":"242 p.","numberOfPages":"242","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924000373245?urlappend=%3Bseq=125"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crissey, Walter F.","contributorId":6506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crissey","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":37576,"text":"ssrw1 - 1949 - Migration of some North American waterfowl: a progress report on an analysis of banding records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:58","indexId":"ssrw1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report  - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Migration of some North American waterfowl: a progress report on an analysis of banding records","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Aldrich, J.W., and and others, 1949, Migration of some North American waterfowl: a progress report on an analysis of banding records: Special Scientific Report  - Wildlife 1, 49 p.; 31 maps.","productDescription":"49 p.; 31 maps","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015001481442?urlappend=%3Bseq=5"},{"id":165638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldrich, John W.","contributorId":65900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":529660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70215454,"text":"70215454 - 1949 - Geochemical prospecting for ores; a progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:20:43.428962","indexId":"70215454","displayToPublicDate":"1950-10-20T12:35:12","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical prospecting for ores; a progress report","docAbstract":"<p><span>Methods of prospecting for mineral deposits by means of chemical studies of residual soil, alluvium, glacial moraine, vegetation, and natural water were first applied on a systematic scale in Scandinavia and Russia about 15 years ago. Since the war, work in this field has been undertaken by several independent groups in the United States and Canada, including the Geochemical Prospecting Unit of the U. S. Geological Survey.Best results have been obtained by systematic analysis of zinc in residuum, ground water, and vegetation; copper and lead in gossan and residuum; tin in residuum and alluvium; molybdenum in residuum; and cobalt, nickel, and gold in vegetation. In addition, studies of plant ecologies and toxicity symptoms in vegetation in relation to metal-rich soil appear to be promising.Rapid colorimetric and spectrographic tests for traces of metals in soil, water, and vegetation have been developed for use under field conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.706","usgsCitation":"Hawkes, H.E., 1949, Geochemical prospecting for ores; a progress report: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 8, p. 706-712, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.706.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"712","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkes, Herbert Edwin","contributorId":36226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215455,"text":"70215455 - 1949 - Buried preglacial ground water channels in the Albany-Schenectady area in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T17:30:20.685977","indexId":"70215455","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-01T12:52:09","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buried preglacial ground water channels in the Albany-Schenectady area in New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>A map is presented showing contours of the buried preglacial channel of the Mohawk River from Schenectady, New York, to its confluence with the Hudson River about 12 miles south of Albany and of associated buried preglacial channels. The Pleistocene history of a portion of the Mohawk and Hudson Rivers is discussed, and the relation of buried valleys to ground-water supplies is indicated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.713","usgsCitation":"Simpson, E.S., 1949, Buried preglacial ground water channels in the Albany-Schenectady area in New York: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 8, p. 713-720, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.713.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"720","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Albany-Schenectady","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.2291259765625,\n              42.459940352216556\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.54248046875,\n              42.459940352216556\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.54248046875,\n              43.06086137134326\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.2291259765625,\n              43.06086137134326\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.2291259765625,\n              42.459940352216556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Eugene S.","contributorId":116654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175756,"text":"70175756 - 1949 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:57:02","indexId":"70175756","displayToPublicDate":"1949-11-17T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters","usgsCitation":"Prior, C.H., 1949, Magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota: Bulletin 1, 128 p.","productDescription":"128 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":70215622,"text":"70215622 - 1949 - Geology and ground water of the Azapa valley, province of tarapaca, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-26T16:41:35.452909","indexId":"70215622","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-26T11:33:58","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground water of the Azapa valley, province of tarapaca, Chile","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>In the Azapa valley, Chile, Pleistocene and Recent alluvial fill, composed of intercalated lenses of clay, silt, sand, and gravel, contains a zone of saturation that is sustained by infiltration from floods of the San Jose river, from December through March.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.1.40","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G., 1949, Geology and ground water of the Azapa valley, province of tarapaca, Chile: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 40-62, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.1.40.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Azapa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.16943359375,\n              -19.87005983797395\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.51123046875,\n              -19.87005983797395\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.51123046875,\n              -17.287709050621917\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.16943359375,\n              -17.287709050621917\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.16943359375,\n              -19.87005983797395\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C.","contributorId":45693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215513,"text":"70215513 - 1949 - Artificial recharge of ground water by the city of Bountiful, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T19:40:19.429532","indexId":"70215513","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T14:31:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial recharge of ground water by the city of Bountiful, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>The City of Bountiful, Utah, is situated just beyond the eastern edge of an area where alluvial gravel and sand of Pleistocene and probably Tertiary age yield water by artesian flow. Attempts to recharge these aquifers by diversion of surplus stream water into a spreading canal east of the city have been unsuccessful, because of the relative impermeability of the torrential debris which has accumulated along the western base of the Wasatch Range. Instead, the water spread from the canal has increased the yield of permeable shore deposits of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville which crop out east of the city.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00539","usgsCitation":"American Geophysical Union, 1949, Artificial recharge of ground water by the city of Bountiful, Utah: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 539-542, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00539.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"542","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bountiful","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.97540283203125,\n              40.82835864973048\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.76391601562499,\n              40.82835864973048\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.76391601562499,\n              40.99130135480306\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.97540283203125,\n              40.99130135480306\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.97540283203125,\n              40.82835864973048\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW"}
,{"id":70215512,"text":"70215512 - 1949 - Discussion of “Runoff from rain and snow” by Arthur M. Piper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T19:29:57.286703","indexId":"70215512","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T14:25:18","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of “Runoff from rain and snow” by Arthur M. Piper","docAbstract":"<p><span>As a basis to study the discharge characteristics of the Metolius River the John Day River was used. The Deschutes Basin of which the Metolius drainage area is a part was compared to the John Day Basin. There are several factors which must be considered when comparing the two basins. Perhaps the most important point which was not stresses is the fact that although about three‐fourths of the flow of the Deschutes River rises in the western most part of the Deschutes Basin, which part was more or less exempted by Piper in his discussion of general runoff characteristics, it is less than half of the Deschutes Watershed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00606","usgsCitation":"Sexton, H., and Piper, A., 1949, Discussion of “Runoff from rain and snow” by Arthur M. Piper: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 606-607, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00606.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"607","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, H.W.","contributorId":243567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, Arthur M.","contributorId":65060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"Arthur M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70215511,"text":"70215511 - 1949 - Volcanic activity on Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands, 1946–1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T19:24:07.665213","indexId":"70215511","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T13:54:10","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic activity on Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands, 1946–1948","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the United States Geological Survey's volcano program in the Aleutian volcanic arc during 1946–1948, the volcanoes and thermal areas on Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands were studied. In addition to observation of the volcanoes, temperatures of fumaroles were measured and some products of the volcanic activity were collected and analyzed.</p><p>After an eruption in 1945, Cone A in Okmok Caldera on northeastern Umnak Island remained relatively quiet during the period 1946–1948. The fumarole gases contained water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. The incrustations associated with the sulfur dioxide fumaroles are the sulfate minerals halotrichite, gypsum, and soda alum. Temperatures of lava fumaroles at the source of the December, 1945 lava flow from Cone A dropped from an average of 320°C on July 19, 1946, to 90°C on September 5, 1946. With exception of the large central fumarole which reached red heat in 1947, the extra crater fumaroles of Cone A ranged from 96° to 98° C in temperature</p><p>Cone C, another cone in Okmok Caldera was in the solfataric stage and emitted water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, and probably carbon dioxide. Incrustations associated with fumaroles on this cone consisted of sulfur, pyrite, and aragonite. The temperatures of the fumaroles ranged from 95° to 96°C and were probably kept within this narrow range partly by the heat supplied during condensation of steam.</p><p>Sixteen large thermal springs emerging from the base of Cone D in Okmok Caldera had an aggregate discharge of approximately 115 cfs and gave off approximately 21,000 kcal of heat per second on September 7, 1946.</p><p>Water samples of thermal springs on Umnak Island contained as high as 159 ppm of boron expressed as B<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and a few parts per million of arsenic and antimony. Several of the thermal springs in southwestern Umnak Island were slightly superheated with respect to the boiling point of water and behaved as small geysers. As has been found elsewhere, the discharge, temperature, and composition of the emanations from a spring is modified by surface conditions of topography and drainage.</p><p>Thermal springs and fumaroles on Great Sitkin Island occurred at an altitude of about 2000 ft near the head of the west fork of Big Fox Creek. All the fumaroles were at or near a temperature of 100°C. The large crater fumarole in the center of the 1945 crater dome was unapproachable. No change in the activity of Great Sitkin volcano was observed between 1946 and August 1948.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i005p00719","usgsCitation":"Byers, F., and Brannock, W.W., 1949, Volcanic activity on Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands, 1946–1948: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 5, p. 719-734, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i005p00719.","productDescription":"16  p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"734","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -179.6484375,\n              51.45400691005982\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.037109375,\n              51.45400691005982\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.037109375,\n              56.12106042504407\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.6484375,\n              56.12106042504407\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.6484375,\n              51.45400691005982\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byers, F.M. Jr.","contributorId":78338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"F.M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannock, W. W.","contributorId":74504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70215510,"text":"70215510 - 1949 - Recovery of ground‐water supplies by pumping from watertable ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T18:50:40.614939","indexId":"70215510","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T13:22:32","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of ground‐water supplies by pumping from watertable ponds","docAbstract":"<p>This paper summarizes a study made to determine whether ground‐water storage in the glacial deposits in the vicinity of Fresh Pond, a water‐table pond used as part of the public supply of the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, is available to augment the supply from surface‐water reservoirs.</p><p>Test wells were drilled; water level, well and test boring, and quality of water data, and data on Inflow and outflow from Fresh Pond were collected, and seismic profiles were run, to determine whether the glacial deposits in the vicinity of the pond contribute appreciable quantities of water to the pond. The data show that water levels in certain wells fluctuate with the level of Fresh Pond and that certain other water levels do not, indicating ground‐water contributions to the pond when it is at low stages and increases in ground‐water storage when pond stages are high. The largest changes in ground‐water storage occur in the glacial deposits underlying the banks to the west and northwest of the pond. Mineral characteristics of the well and pond waters offer no evidence as to the direction of ground‐water flow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i002p00283","usgsCitation":"Halberg, H., and Roberts, C., 1949, Recovery of ground‐water supplies by pumping from watertable ponds: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 2, p. 283-292, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i002p00283.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"292","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cambridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.19277954101562,\n              42.363617631805496\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.06643676757812,\n              42.363617631805496\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.06643676757812,\n              42.42548395494743\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19277954101562,\n              42.42548395494743\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19277954101562,\n              42.363617631805496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halberg, Henry N.","contributorId":19929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halberg","given":"Henry N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Claude M.","contributorId":64661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Claude M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70215509,"text":"70215509 - 1949 - Reservoir systems in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T18:16:30.976533","indexId":"70215509","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T13:07:07","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir systems in Maine","docAbstract":"<p><span>The numerous lakes and ponds that are found in almost every portion of the State of Maine are important resources of the state. There are 2222 bodies of fresh water that are classed as great ponds, that is, ponds whose areas are ten acres or more, and the total area of these lakes aid ponds is about 1500 sq mi. These are a result of glaciation of the region. Some of these ponds are very deep; depths of 100 ft have been found in many lakes. In Moosehead Lake there are places where the water is 250 ft deep and in Sebago Lake as much as 315 ft. The deepest part of Sebago is 45 ft below mean sea level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i003p00437","usgsCitation":"Stackpole, M.R., 1949, Reservoir systems in Maine: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 3, p. 437-438, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i003p00437.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"438","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70215464,"text":"70215464 - 1949 - The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T21:22:43.788553","indexId":"70215464","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T15:08:42","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio","docAbstract":"<p><span>The regime of dry‐weather flow of several streams in Ohio is presented by flow‐duration curves. For comparison, the index of ground‐water flow for each basin is the discharge in cubic feet per second per square mile which is exceeded 90 per cent of the time. These indices are shown on a map of Ohio, and are discussed with respect to known geological conditions. It is concluded that stream‐flow records provide useful inferences to ground‐water geology, but the converse is not true.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00563","usgsCitation":"Cross, W.P., 1949, The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 563-566, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00563.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"566","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70215463,"text":"70215463 - 1949 - Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T20:08:14.955398","indexId":"70215463","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T15:01:08","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948","docAbstract":"<p><span>No report of the Committee was prepared for the fiscal year 1946–1947, so the present report covers the two‐year period July 1, 1946 through June 30, 1948. Because of space limitations, fits report covers only items of research that have come to the attention of the Chairman. Reports m Hydrology and physiography of limestone terranes, by A. C. Swinnerton, and on The relation between comsumptive use of water and free‐water accretion below the root zone, by G‐ W. Musgrave, are given as Appendices A and B respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00598-2","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., 1949, Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 598-600, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00598-2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"600","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215462,"text":"70215462 - 1949 - Sheet structure, a major factor in the occurrence of ground water in the granites of Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T20:00:33.652449","indexId":"70215462","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T14:57:28","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sheet structure, a major factor in the occurrence of ground water in the granites of Georgia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Increasing demand for supplies of ground water in the Piedmont of Georgia has necessarily focused attention on granitic rocks, which have a considerable areal extent in this part of the state. These rocks have the property generally known as sheet structure. Major parting planes resulting from sheeting are usually sub-parallel to the rock surface on hills and in valleys and consequently control the circulation of subsurface water. Imperfect shallow pseudosynclinal basins formed by sheet planes in valleys are the receptacles for much subsurface water that percolates along these planes from nearby upland slopes. Therefore, wells drilled in lowlands in sheeted terranes almost invariably produce greater quantities of water than those on the uplands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.2.110","usgsCitation":"LeGrand, H.E., 1949, Sheet structure, a major factor in the occurrence of ground water in the granites of Georgia: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 2, p. 110-118, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.2.110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70215460,"text":"70215460 - 1949 - Field method for the determination of zinc in soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T19:43:09.504254","indexId":"70215460","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T14:32:55","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field method for the determination of zinc in soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is described for the field estimation of total zinc in soils. A small sample of soil is fused with potassium bisulfate, the fused mass dissolved in water, buffered at pH 4 to 5.5 with acetate buffer, and sodium thiosulfate added to form complex ions with metals that might cause interference. Measured increments of the sample solution are added to a carbon-tetrachloride-dithizone solution, with vigorous shaking after each addition, until a standard color is obtained in the organic phase. Under favorable conditions up to 60 determinations per day can be made by one man. Comparisons of data obtained by the field method with accurate laboratory analyses of the same samples indicate that the method is sufficiently reliable for reconnaissance surveys.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.4.296","usgsCitation":"Stevens, R.E., and Almond, H., 1949, Field method for the determination of zinc in soils: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 4, p. 296-306, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.4.296.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"306","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Rollin Elbert","contributorId":43745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Rollin","email":"","middleInitial":"Elbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Almond, Hy","contributorId":50138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almond","given":"Hy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175878,"text":"70175878 - 1949 - Notes on the ground-water resources of Chase County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T16:23:22.956097","indexId":"70175878","displayToPublicDate":"1949-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3634,"text":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the ground-water resources of Chase County, Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas Academy of Science","doi":"10.2307/3625812","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, H., 1949, Notes on the ground-water resources of Chase County, Kansas: Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, v. 52, no. 3, p. 399-405, https://doi.org/10.2307/3625812.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Chase County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.85611785748375,\n              38.55171401668454\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.85611785748375,\n              38.24252831043199\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.42133981067748,\n              38.24252831043199\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.42133981067748,\n              38.55171401668454\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.85611785748375,\n              38.55171401668454\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82de0e4b03fd6b7da3958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, H.G.","contributorId":173877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1480,"text":"1480 - 1949 - Letters sent by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1895","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-11T16:55:30","indexId":"1480","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T16:54:39","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Letters sent by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1895","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"National Archives","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/1480","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Letters sent by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1895, 29 microfilm reels, https://doi.org/10.3133/1480.","productDescription":"29 microfilm reels","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c0ec80e4b065ccca5fe429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":71177,"text":"tei85 - 1949 - Distribution of uranium in the Florida phosphate field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:53:07","indexId":"tei85","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T14:40:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85","title":"Distribution of uranium in the Florida phosphate field","docAbstract":"<p>Land-pebble phosphate, hard-rock phosphate, and river-pebble phosphate are the three types of phosphatic rock found in Florida. This report is concerned primarily with the land-pebble deposits, the only type which contains a significant amount of uranium. The most productive part of the land-pebble district is in Polk and Hillsborough Counties,\nin the west-central part of the Florida peninsula.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Phosphate occurs in both the Hawthorn formation of lower\nmiddle Miocene age and the Bone Valley formation of Pliocene age. The\nphosphate in the Bone Valley is generally of higher grade, probably as\nthe result of mechanical reworking and further precipitation during\nsubmergence in Pliocene time. In a few places, leached parts of the\nHawthorn formation are also of minable grade. , Pleistocene terrace\ndeposits and beach sands unconformably overlie the Bone Valley.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In Polk and Hillsborough Counties, the high-grade part of the\nland-pebble phosphate district, uranium occurs principally in the Bone\nValley formation and is concentrated in the upper part of the formation,\nwhich has been leached by ground water. The maximum tenor found\nto date is 0.1 percent uranium. The basal member of the Bone Valley\nhas a maximum grade of .02 percent uranium, and averages about .01\npercent uranium. Fresh, unweathered Hawthorn formation has little or\nno uranium, but leached Hawthorn, rich in P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, contains a maximum of\n0.01 percent uranium. The Pleistocene sands have no uranium except\nwhere they contain reworked phosphatic material from the Bone Valley\nformation.</p>\n<br>\n<p>South of the high- grade district, in Manatee and Hardee\nCounties, the Bone Valley, Hawthorn, and Pleistocene formations contain\nonly very minor amounts of uranium.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The uranium in the land-pebble deposits was probably syngenetic\nin origin. Subsequent leaching of soluble material has resulted in\nresidual enrichment of uranium. The uranium seems to be associated with\nthe phosphate mineral.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei85","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, J.B., 1949, Distribution of uranium in the Florida phosphate field: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 85, Report: 18 p.; 2 Plates: 29.24 x 15.13 inches and 31.67 x 21.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei85.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 2 Plates: 29.24 x 15.13 inches and 31.67 x 21.48 inches","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei85.jpg"},{"id":285597,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0085/figure-1.pdf"},{"id":285598,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0085/figure-2.pdf"},{"id":285599,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0085/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.8519,26.9966 ], [ -82.8519,28.4788 ], [ -80.0936,28.4788 ], [ -80.0936,26.9966 ], [ -82.8519,26.9966 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559400e4b0120853e8bf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, James B.","contributorId":51201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathcart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232750,"text":"70232750 - 1949 - Fourth special report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association: Steam blast volcanic eruptions: A study of Mount Pelée in Martinique as type volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T14:10:51.021054","indexId":"70232750","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T12:35:29","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10993,"text":"Report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Fourth special report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association: Steam blast volcanic eruptions: A study of Mount Pelée in Martinique as type volcano","docAbstract":"<p>The investigation is concerned with the author's expedition to Martinique and St. Vincent in 1902 and comparison of the experience of investigators and sufferers with that of others in so-called \"explosive\" eruptions. The Hawaiian mechanism is reviewed with special reference to rifts, underground water, intrusion furnace, wedge rupture, and lowering of magma. These features of structure are applied to Martinique, St. Vincent, Kilauea, Tarawera, Sakurajima, Katmai, Taal and Tomboro as a series of steam blasts old and new. The comparison is found to be applicable and the analogy with Hawaii considered as fundamentally magmatic for gas and basaltic slag, brings out the contrast that lies in steam eruptions. For all volcanoes they are believed features of ground water and of collapse. Ground water stimulates lava eruptions.</p><p>The Pelée disaster at St. Pierre May 8, 1902, followed by a dacite dome with spines, which renewed activity in 1929, is examined for paroxysms of downblast. These are distinguished sharply from the Carib migratory upblasts along valley fissures which are not uncommon elsewhere. The valleys are on rifts recognized as deep fumaroles. The Ghyben-Herzberg laws of ground water are applicable. Geyser rhythm was followed by Pelée, Soufriére of St. Vincent, and Kilauea in their sequence of paroxysms. Structure sections are drawn to scale, and the structural reactions of intrusion, rifts, boiler, gas effervescence, heat, and timing are thus outlined. The bearing of this machinery on volcanism in general, on world ignisepta and on reaction of magma is suggested. It is contended that steamblast is a climax of eruption in the water zone and should be sharply delimited from the rising and intrusion of fundamental earth magma, and from the high pressure water reactions of ocean bottoms. Rising magma is considered an age-long elevatory force along volcanic lines, modified by cyclical yielding. Compared with oceanic volcanism continental irruption in sediments is a separate science in experimental field geophysics. Every locality supramarine or submarine of warm ground and steep thermal gradient is a subject for volcanology, if pulsating ground water is critically, thermally and chemically measured.</p><p>Authors are referred to herein by names and dates in parentheses, as listed in the appendices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Jaggar, T., 1949, Fourth special report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association: Steam blast volcanic eruptions: A study of Mount Pelée in Martinique as type volcano: Report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, vi, 137 p.","productDescription":"vi, 137 p.","numberOfPages":"144","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70232750/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":403534,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70232750/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"France","state":"Martinique","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -61.15882873535157,\n              14.877769053371143\n            ],\n            [\n              -61.170501708984375,\n              14.876441796788718\n            ],\n            [\n              -61.18148803710937,\n              14.875114532038921\n            ],\n            [\n              -61.19178771972656,\n              14.865823450159745\n   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A.","contributorId":292987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaggar","given":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24978,"text":"24978 - 1949 - Geological Survey professional paper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T11:28:20","indexId":"24978","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T11:27:43","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesNumber":"INK","title":"Geological Survey professional paper","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/24978","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Geological Survey professional paper, https://doi.org/10.3133/24978.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc21e4b0b58d96eeb59c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1490,"text":"1490 - 1949 - Registers of letters received by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1901","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T08:50:55","indexId":"1490","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T08:49:47","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Registers of letters received by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1901","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"National Archives","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/1490","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Registers of letters received by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1901, 16 microfilm reels, https://doi.org/10.3133/1490.","productDescription":"16 microfilm reels","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc6fe4b0b58d96eeb60e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013848,"text":"1013848 - 1949 - Manganese for increased production of water-bloom algae in ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:59:30.974234","indexId":"1013848","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manganese for increased production of water-bloom algae in ponds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1949)11[157:MFIPOW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Henderson, C., 1949, Manganese for increased production of water-bloom algae in ponds: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 11, no. 3, p. 157-159, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1949)11[157:MFIPOW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64adfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, C.","contributorId":61779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014328,"text":"1014328 - 1949 - Effects of an aerial application of DDT on fish and fish-food organisms in two Pennsylvania watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:56:43.268077","indexId":"1014328","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an aerial application of DDT on fish and fish-food organisms in two Pennsylvania watersheds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1949)11[203:EOAAAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, C.H., and Surber, E.W., 1949, Effects of an aerial application of DDT on fish and fish-food organisms in two Pennsylvania watersheds: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 11, no. 4, p. 203-211, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1949)11[203:EOAAAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, C. H.","contributorId":77875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"C.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Surber, E. W.","contributorId":8794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Surber","given":"E.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000403,"text":"1000403 - 1949 - Age and growth of the lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill), in Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T11:19:57","indexId":"1000403","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of the lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill), in Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Although the whitefish has by no means ranked first from the standpoint of production, it has always been an important commercial species in Lake Erie. Trends in the output of whitefish have differed in the United States and Canadian waters of the lake. The 1893–1946 average annual yield of 1,201,000 pounds in the United States was only 38.3 percent of the 1879–1890 mean of 3,133,000 pounds, whereas in Canada the more recent (1907–1946) average annual take of 1,397,000 pounds has been 5.48 times the 1871–1906 mean of 255,000 pounds. The United States fishery was centered in the western part of Lake Erie (61.5 percent of the production in Michigan and Ohio) before 1921 and in the eastern part (62.6 percent in Pennsylvania and New York) in 1921–1946. The eastern part of Lake Erie (east of Port Burwell) dominated the Canadian production in 1900–1909 (65.4 percent) and in 1922–1946 (57.2 percent) but the western end was the more productive in 1871–1899 (79.8 percent) and 1910–1921 (69.7 percent). Ages were determined and individual growth histories calculated from the examination and measurement of the scales of 3,399 Lake Erie whitefish captured off four ports (Sandusky, Lorain, and Conneaut, Ohio, and Erie, Pennsylvania) over the period, 1927–1930. The number of specimens used for the investigation of other phases of the life history varied according to the amount of data available or required. Age-group III was typically (but not invariably) dominant in random samples from gear employed for the commercial production of whitefish (trap nets, pound nets, and large-mesh gill nets). The same age group also dominated most samples of the marketable catch (that is, whitefish that equalled or exceeded the minimum legal weight of 1 3/4 pounds) taken in late summer, autumn, and early winter. Age-group IV, however, was strongest among marketable fish from trap nets in early July although the III group was dominant in the random samples from the same nets. Apparently the members of a year class normally dominate the commercial catch about one year but this year extends over parts of two years of life (latter part of the fourth and early part of the fifth). The oldest whitefish in the collections were in the seventeenth year (age-group XVI). The year classes of 1922 and 1926 were much stronger than average whereas the 1923 year class seems to have been exceptionally weak. No correlation was detected between limnological-meteorological conditions and the strength of the year classes. Whitefish collected off different ports exhibited differences of growth rate that were at times rather large. The distorting effects of such factors as selection on the basis of maturity, annual fluctuations in growth rate (in combination with differences in the year of capture), and gear selection were held to be sufficiently great, however, to render doubtful the real biological significance of the observed variations in growth. Consequently the data for all samples were combined to obtain general growth curves. Female whitefish averaged longer and heavier than male fish of corresponding age. The advantage of the females with respect to calculated lengths tended to increase during the first three years of life and thereafter remained nearly constant at about one-half inch total length (10 millimeters of standard length). The advantages of the females with respect to weight increased consistently from 0.01 pound at the end of the first year to 0.36 pound at the end of the eighth, dropped to 0.32 pound in the ninth year, and increased again to a maximum of 0.47 pound at the end of 12 years. The maximum growth in length (sexes combined) occurred in the first year of life (calculated growth of 6.9 inches, total length). From this value the calculated annual increments declined rapidly to 0.7 inch in the seventh year. The later increments varied irregularly, ranging from 0.7 inch in the eighth and ninth years down to only 0.3 inch in the fifteenth and sixteenth years. The Lake Erie whitefish was a foot long in a little less than 2 years, 18 inches in about 4 years, and 2 feet in slightly under 12 years. At the end of 16 years the calculated length was 25.6 inches. The calculated annual increments of growth in weight increased from 0.10 pound in the first year to a maximum of 0.76 pound in the third. In the succeeding years the increment decreased consistently to 0.33 pound in the twelfth year. The values in the thirteenth to sixteenth years varied irregularly, ranging from 0.22 to 0.34 pound. The minimum legal weight of 1 3/4 pounds was attained toward the middle of the fourth growing season. The Lake Erie whitefish reached the weight of 4 pounds in between 7 and 8 years, and of 6 pounds in about 13 years. At the end of 16 years the calculated weight was 6.87 pounds. Analyses of the annual increments of length revealed that the growth of whitefish captured from the spawning run off Sandusky and Lorain rose from 3.2 percent above the 1924–1930 mean in 1924 to a peak of 15.0 percent above average in 1927 and then declined to a minimum of 25.0 percent below average in 1930. There is evidence that these annual fluctuations in growth rate were correlated negatively with fluctuations in the turbidity of the water off Erie, Pennsylvania (to our best knowledge the whitefish spends the summer months in the eastern part of the lake), in certain months (especially May and June) and/or correlated positively with the amount of rainfall in July and August at the same locality. Comparisons with data on the growth of the Lake Huron whitefish revealed that Lake Erie fish were the longer during the first 5 years of life and the shorter at the end of the sixth and later years. The Lake Huron whitefish did not, however, gain the advantage in weight until the seventh year. Whitefish grew much more slowly in both length and weight in Lake Ontario than in either Lake Huron or Lake Erie. The weight of the Lake Erie whitefish increased to the 3.1523 power of the length. Agreement between empirical weights and those computed from the length-weight equation was reasonably good at lengths represented by fair numbers of fish. The total length corresponding to the minimum legal weight of 1 3/4 pounds was calculated as 16.9 inches. The rather limited data on the monthly fluctuations in condition indicated that the coefficient K of immature fish declined continuously from August to December. A similar though less pronounced decline of K of mature fish occurred from August to October. At spawning in November and December, female whitefish lost an additional 11 percent of their body weight. No loss of weight at spawning could be demonstrated for the males. The available records indicated the relative abundance of the sexes to be approximately equal in samples collected in the summer and early autumn. Males were strongly predominant (78.6 percent), however, in spawning-run samples. In these collections the percentage of males decreased markedly with increase in age. No trend could be detected in the variation of the sex ratio within the spawning season over the period of time (nearly 4 weeks) for which there were records. Although exceptional individuals of either sex may mature at the end of 2 years of life (age-group I) male whitefish do not mature in appreciable numbers until the end of the third year (age-group II) or females until the end of the fourth (age-group III). Apparently most or all males are mature as age-group III, but there is evidence that considerable numbers of females (possibly a majority) are first mature as members of the IV group (end of fifth year of life). Whether Lake Erie whitefish are ever immature as the V group or older is not known. Spawning commenced during the second week of November and was continuing actively at the time of collection of the last samples at the end of the first week of December","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1947)77[178:AAGOTL]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., and Hile, R., 1949, Age and growth of the lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill), in Lake Erie: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 77, no. 1, p. 178-249, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1947)77[178:AAGOTL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"72","startPage":"178","endPage":"249","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266920,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1947)77[178:AAGOTL]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":130398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68974e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000268,"text":"1000268 - 1949 - The age, growth, and distribution of the longjaw cisco, Leucichthys alpenae Koelz, in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T13:20:12","indexId":"1000268","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age, growth, and distribution of the longjaw cisco, Leucichthys alpenae Koelz, in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The longjaw (Leucichthys alpenae) was found at all of the 109 stations fished in the open lake during 1930&ndash;1932 and at 29 of the 32 stations in Green Bay in 1930 and 1932. Koelz (1929) found the longjaw at 35 localities, 33 of which were different from those fished in 1930&ndash;1932. The species was most abundant in water with a depth of less than 70 fathoms, but was found as deep as 97 fathoms. The longjaw was estimated to be about 4 1/3 times as abundant along the east shore of southern Lake Michigan as along the west shore in 1930 and 1931. The abundance along the east shore in 1930&ndash;1931 was estimated to be approximately equal to that in northern Lake Michigan in 1932. The best explanation for the relative scarcity of L. alpenae along the west shore is that a more intensive fishery, with smaller sizes of mesh, was operating on a separate population.</p>\n<p>The length distribution of 6,954 specimens taken in 1930&ndash;1932 revealed little difference in frequencies between the sexes, the samples taken in each of the years 1930 and 1931, or the fish taken on the two shores of the southern region. The individuals caught in 1932 from northern Lake Michigan averaged 12.5 inches, total length, and were from 1.0 to 1.3 inches longer than fish taken by the same sizes of mesh from the southern area in 1930&ndash;1931.</p>\n<p>Of the 378 longjaws whose ages were determined, 320 were taken during the summer of 1923 in northeastern Lake Michigan, and 58 were secured off Grand Haven, Michigan, in November 1928. The age groups represented ranged from II to IX. Age-group IV dominated in the 1923 samples making up 53.8 percent of the total, and age-groups III and V with 20.9 and 10.6 percent, respectively, were the next best represented groups. The III group dominated the 1928 collection with 55.2 percent of the total, and age-groups IV and II, that were represented by 31.0 and 12.1 percent, respectively, were the only other well represented groups.</p>\n<p>The sexes grew at approximately the same rate. A total length of 11.1 inches and a weight of 6.4 ounces were reached at the end of 4 years of growth by the longjaws in northeastern Lake Michigan. The fish from Grand Haven averaged 11.0 inches, total length, and 6.1 ounces at the end of 4 years. Growth in length was most rapid during the first year and decreased continuously thereafter through the fourth year (fifth year in 1928). The increments in length of the 1923 fish during the fourth through the eighth years were approximately the same. Growth in weight of the fish taken in 1923 was computed to be most rapid following the fifth year of life. Growth compensation occurred among the longjaws of Lake Michigan. The major part of the annual growth in length had taken place before June 15, 1923.</p>\n<p>Although the empirical data on the length-weight relationship of 5,314 fish failed to fall along a simple curve, it is believed that the following equation is the one best suited to computing the weight of the longjaw: W = 0.96288 &times; 10<sup>&minus;5</sup>&nbsp;L<sup>3.06060</sup>.</p>\n<p>The coefficient of condition (K) of all longjaws increased as the standard length increased to 194 millimeters. The values then remained high up to 225 millimeters but decreased progressively until the fish reached a length of 265 millimeters. The coefficient changed little at fish lengths of 265 to 284 but began to increase again at 285 millimeters. Condition was best in 1931 and poorest in 1932. The individuals of both sexes were in the poorest condition during some month previous to August each year. Although the females were somewhat heavier in relation to their length than the males in practically all months, the weighted averages of K for all males and all females were almost identical (1.30 for the males and 1.31 for the females).</p>\n<p>The sex ratio was determined from 7,457 individuals taken in 1930&ndash;1932 and 373 of the 1923 and 1928 specimens whose ages were determined. The percentage of females was relatively low in May 1931 and relatively high in October, but in the other months it remained more or less constant. In 1932 the females tended to become relatively less abundant in each month from April through September. There was little difference between the relative abundance of the sexes in 1930 and 1931 (72.4 percent females in 1930 and 67.5 percent in 1931). The consistently slightly higher percentage of females each month in 1932 (average of 80.6) probably represents a difference between populations. The relative abundance of the males decreased as the age increased. A natural differential mortality is suggested as the cause for the more rapid disappearance of the males.</p>\n<p class=\"last\">Females may contain ripe eggs as early as July 9, and some females may spawn as early as October 16 despite the fact that the spawning season is in November.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1946)76[215:TAGADO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jobes, F.W., 1949, The age, growth, and distribution of the longjaw cisco, Leucichthys alpenae Koelz, in Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 76, no. 1, p. 215-247, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1946)76[215:TAGADO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"247","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66981b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobes, Frank W.","contributorId":6004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobes","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}