The longjaw (Leucichthys alpenae) was found at all of the 109 stations fished in the open lake during 1930–1932 and at 29 of the 32 stations in Green Bay in 1930 and 1932. Koelz (1929) found the longjaw at 35 localities, 33 of which were different from those fished in 1930–1932. The species was most abundant in water with a depth of less than 70 fathoms, but was found as deep as 97 fathoms. The longjaw was estimated to be about 4 1/3 times as abundant along the east shore of southern Lake Michigan as along the west shore in 1930 and 1931. The abundance along the east shore in 1930–1931 was estimated to be approximately equal to that in northern Lake Michigan in 1932. The best explanation for the relative scarcity of L. alpenae along the west shore is that a more intensive fishery, with smaller sizes of mesh, was operating on a separate population.
\nThe length distribution of 6,954 specimens taken in 1930–1932 revealed little difference in frequencies between the sexes, the samples taken in each of the years 1930 and 1931, or the fish taken on the two shores of the southern region. The individuals caught in 1932 from northern Lake Michigan averaged 12.5 inches, total length, and were from 1.0 to 1.3 inches longer than fish taken by the same sizes of mesh from the southern area in 1930–1931.
\nOf the 378 longjaws whose ages were determined, 320 were taken during the summer of 1923 in northeastern Lake Michigan, and 58 were secured off Grand Haven, Michigan, in November 1928. The age groups represented ranged from II to IX. Age-group IV dominated in the 1923 samples making up 53.8 percent of the total, and age-groups III and V with 20.9 and 10.6 percent, respectively, were the next best represented groups. The III group dominated the 1928 collection with 55.2 percent of the total, and age-groups IV and II, that were represented by 31.0 and 12.1 percent, respectively, were the only other well represented groups.
\nThe sexes grew at approximately the same rate. A total length of 11.1 inches and a weight of 6.4 ounces were reached at the end of 4 years of growth by the longjaws in northeastern Lake Michigan. The fish from Grand Haven averaged 11.0 inches, total length, and 6.1 ounces at the end of 4 years. Growth in length was most rapid during the first year and decreased continuously thereafter through the fourth year (fifth year in 1928). The increments in length of the 1923 fish during the fourth through the eighth years were approximately the same. Growth in weight of the fish taken in 1923 was computed to be most rapid following the fifth year of life. Growth compensation occurred among the longjaws of Lake Michigan. The major part of the annual growth in length had taken place before June 15, 1923.
\nAlthough the empirical data on the length-weight relationship of 5,314 fish failed to fall along a simple curve, it is believed that the following equation is the one best suited to computing the weight of the longjaw: W = 0.96288 × 10−5 L3.06060.
\nThe coefficient of condition (K) of all longjaws increased as the standard length increased to 194 millimeters. The values then remained high up to 225 millimeters but decreased progressively until the fish reached a length of 265 millimeters. The coefficient changed little at fish lengths of 265 to 284 but began to increase again at 285 millimeters. Condition was best in 1931 and poorest in 1932. The individuals of both sexes were in the poorest condition during some month previous to August each year. Although the females were somewhat heavier in relation to their length than the males in practically all months, the weighted averages of K for all males and all females were almost identical (1.30 for the males and 1.31 for the females).
\nThe sex ratio was determined from 7,457 individuals taken in 1930–1932 and 373 of the 1923 and 1928 specimens whose ages were determined. The percentage of females was relatively low in May 1931 and relatively high in October, but in the other months it remained more or less constant. In 1932 the females tended to become relatively less abundant in each month from April through September. There was little difference between the relative abundance of the sexes in 1930 and 1931 (72.4 percent females in 1930 and 67.5 percent in 1931). The consistently slightly higher percentage of females each month in 1932 (average of 80.6) probably represents a difference between populations. The relative abundance of the males decreased as the age increased. A natural differential mortality is suggested as the cause for the more rapid disappearance of the males.
\nFemales may contain ripe eggs as early as July 9, and some females may spawn as early as October 16 despite the fact that the spawning season is in November.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1946)76[215:TAGADO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jobes, F.W., 1949, The age, growth, and distribution of the longjaw cisco, Leucichthys alpenae Koelz, in Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 76, no. 1, p. 215-247, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1946)76[215:TAGADO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"247","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66981b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobes, Frank W.","contributorId":6004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobes","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000215,"text":"1000215 - 1949 - Trends in the lake trout fishery of Lake Huron through 1946","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T13:37:04","indexId":"1000215","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in the lake trout fishery of Lake Huron through 1946","docAbstract":"The production of lake trout, Cristivomer namaycush (Walbaum), in the United States waters of Lake Huron was highest in the earliest years for which there are statistical records, averaging 2,362,000 pounds in 1879–1894. The general level of yield was much lower but relatively stable in 1895–1939, during which period the catch averaged 1,685,000 pounds. The most recent years have seen a rapid and calamitous decline in the output; setting a new record low each year, the take decreased from 940,000 pounds in 1940 to only 38,000 pounds in 1946.
\nThe production of lake trout in the Canadian waters of Lake Huron was generally low from 1867 up to about 1883, apparently because the fishery was then in the process of development. After 1882 the yield was relatively high for 26 years and then fell away progressively as the following averages of production in pounds for different periods show: (1883–1908) Huron proper–1,749,000, Georgian Bay (including the North Channel)–2,475,000, Canadian total–4,224,000; (1909–1922) Canadian total (no data for regions within the lake)–3,753,000; (1923–1939) Huron proper–1,600,000, Georgian Bay–1,996,000, Canadian total–3,596,000. During more recent years the catch fell from 1,038,000 pounds in 1940 to 29,000 pounds in 1946 in Huron proper, from 1,688,000 to 702,000 pounds in Georgian Bay, and from 2,726,000 to 731,000 pounds in all Canadian waters.
\nThe tremendous decreases in production that have occurred in all parts of Lake Huron in recent years are generally believed to have been caused by a reduction in the abundance of lake trout resulting from attacks by the sea lamprey, which has become established and has multiplied rapidly in the upper Great Lakes.
\nData are available on the production of lake trout in six local regions or statistical districts of the United States waters of Lake Huron (boundaries shown in Fig. 1) in 1891–1908 and on production, fishing intensity, and the abundance of fish on the grounds in 1929–1946. The order of the districts with respect to their percentage contribution to the average annual production was the same in 1891–1908 and 1929–1943. Certain changes occurred, nevertheless, in all percentages. The northern districts (H-1, H-2) which contributed 70.3 percent of the take in 1891–1908 accounted for only 56.2 percent in 1929–1943 whereas the central (H-3, H-4) and southern (H-5, H-6) districts which yielded 18.7 and 11.0 percent, respectively, in the former period contributed 25.5 and 18.3 percent in the latter.
\nThe six districts were similar in 1929–1946 in that in all of them (1) most of the years of highest output and of most intensive fishing occurred in the early to middle 1930′s and (2) the earlier high levels were followed by declines that ultimately reduced production and fishing intensity to insignificance. The same (earlier high values followed by a decline) held for the abundance of lake trout in the northerly five districts, but the trends of fluctuation in the abundance in H-6 were opposite those in other areas.
\nOn the whole, the abundance of lake trout appeared to have little effect on fishing intensity for the species. Only in H-1 did the two exhibit significant positive correlation whereas in H-6 they showed highly significant negative correlation. Most of the factors that may counteract the expected influence of abundance on fishing intensity (economic conditions, weather, …) cannot be evaluated accurately. It was determined, however, that the collapse of the whitefish fishery in the middle and late 1930′s most probably exerted a significant depressing effect on the intensity of the gill-net fishery for lake trout in those districts (H-1, H-4, H-6) in which the two species are ordinarily captured together.
\nThe estimated abundance of lake trout in the United States waters of Lake Huron (all districts combined) had reached an extremely low level in 1946 (24 percent of the 1929–1943 average), and the complete collapse of the fishery in late years is a matter of record. The rate of decline in abundance, however, was much less rapid than the spectacular decreases in production might suggest. Although each year beginning with 1940 saw a new record low yield, the abundance was still 87 percent of average in 1942 and did not drop below 70 percent until 1944. This seeming paradox is explained by the fact that relative to average conditions, fishing intensity in 1941–1946 was lower and was decreasing much more rapidly than was abundance.
\nFor twenty‐five small mountain drainage areas of Southern California, natural water losses are shown to vary with basin altitude, and with estimated absorptive and retentive characteristics of the drainage areas. Among other relationships demonstrated is the increase of the annual natural water loss with increased annual precipitation to an optimum, beyond which the loss is about uniform regardless of increased precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i005p00752","usgsCitation":"Troxell, H.C., and Stafford, H., 1949, Natural water losses in mountain drainage areas of southern California: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 5, p. 752-758, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i005p00752.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"752","endPage":"758","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 32.175612478499325\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troxell, Harold C.","contributorId":33354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxell","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, H.M.","contributorId":36914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178710,"text":"70178710 - 1948 - Ground water in the East Shore area, Utah. Part I. Bountiful District, Davis County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T16:41:01","indexId":"70178710","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Ground water in the East Shore area, Utah. Part I. Bountiful District, Davis County","docAbstract":"The Bountiful district in Davis County, Utah, less than 10 miles from the heart of Salt Lake City, is rapidly becoming an integral part of the metropolitan area of Salt Lake City. It cannot achieve the development that its location merits unless the present water supplies are increased. The district is a fertile agricultural area favorably situated between the largest cities in the intermountain area and athwart the major routes of transportation and communication, but development of its residential, industrial, and agricultural potentialities will be restricted until existing water resources are supplemented by importation from other drainage basins that now have surplus water supplies. This conclusion is reached in the accompanying report by the Geological Survey, prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer and the Davis County Water Users Association, and based on a 2-year investigation of the existing water supplies
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Twenty-sixth biennial report of the State Engineer to the Governor of Utah: 1946-1948","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., and Nelson, W., 1948, Ground water in the East Shore area, Utah. Part I. Bountiful District, Davis County: Technical Publication 5, 154 p.","productDescription":"154 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"156","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333874,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-370","text":"Utah State Engineer's 26th Biennial Report (larger work)"},{"id":331486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-130"},{"id":331487,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w9200084.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Davis","otherGeospatial":"Bountiful District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.88201904296875,\n 40.98611828780413\n ],\n [\n -112.06878662109374,\n 40.950862628132775\n ],\n [\n -112.17315673828125,\n 40.84290487729676\n ],\n [\n -112.1209716796875,\n 40.73268976628568\n ],\n [\n -111.92047119140624,\n 40.670222795307346\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 40.73893324113601\n ],\n [\n -111.741943359375,\n 40.8865244080599\n ],\n [\n -111.88201904296875,\n 40.98611828780413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468aefe4b04fc80e5236dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, W.B.","contributorId":30282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160507,"text":"70160507 - 1948 - New compounds for the control of bacterial gill disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T12:05:52","indexId":"70160507","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New compounds for the control of bacterial gill disease","docAbstract":"BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE, a common epizootic among hatchery fish, can be controlled by copper sulphate dips, as stated by Davis (1945), or by prolonged treatments with Roccal, as noted by Fish (1947). The use of copper sulphate is not without danger because of variation in toxicity according to the hardness of the particular water supply; also, the toxicity and efficacy of Roccal have varied considerably in different lots. Neither copper sulphate nor Roccal will cure in one treatcent a well-established epizootic of bacterial gill disease. For these reasons, a series of new disinfectants has been tested in the laboratory in an attempt to find a more effective cure and preventive for bacterial Eill disease. One of these tested, pyridylmercuric acetate, was suggested by Wan Horn and Katz (1946).
\n","language":"English","publisher":" Bureau of Fisheries, U.S. Deptarment of Commerce","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1948)10[19:NCFTCO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rucker, R., 1948, New compounds for the control of bacterial gill disease: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 10, no. 1, p. 19-22, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1948)10[19:NCFTCO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930cfe4b0da412f4fb576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rucker, R.R.","contributorId":104000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucker","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160506,"text":"70160506 - 1948 - Removal of excess nitrogen in a hatchery water supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T12:06:52","indexId":"70160506","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of excess nitrogen in a hatchery water supply","docAbstract":"
The water system at the U. S. Fish Cultural Station, Leavenworth, Washington, has been supplemented with two wells that were to be used to increase the temperature of the water during the winter and to cool the Water in the summer if necessary. The well water proved to be unsuitable for hatchery purposes because it was supersaturated with nitrogen, causing \"gas-bubble\" disease among fish subjected to 11. Mr. R. E. Burrows, the district biologist at the Leavenworth laboratory, devised a system by which the water from one well could be used satisfactorily in the hatchery after a circuitous routing through a mixing chamber with considerable agitation and a settling basin. The circuitous routing precluded the use of the rearing ponds, and it did not sufficiently reduce the nitrogen tension of the water from the other well.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Fisheries, U.S. Department of Commerce","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1948)10[88:ROENIA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rucker, R., 1948, Removal of excess nitrogen in a hatchery water supply: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 10, no. 3, p. 88-90, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1948)10[88:ROENIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930d2e4b0da412f4fb58f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rucker, R.R.","contributorId":104000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucker","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040265,"text":"70040265 - 1948 - The configuration of the rock floor in western Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-11T17:16:22","indexId":"70040265","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:44:36","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"GW-13","title":"The configuration of the rock floor in western Long Island, New York","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Power and Control Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"De Laguna, W., and Brashears, M., 1948, The configuration of the rock floor in western Long Island, New York: Bulletin GW-13, 32 p.; 1 Plate.","productDescription":"32 p.; 1 Plate","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e50229e4b0e8fec6ce9301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Laguna, Wallace","contributorId":91547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Laguna","given":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brashears, M.L.","contributorId":63095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brashears","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040271,"text":"70040271 - 1948 - Geologic correlation of logs of wells in Kings County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"70040271","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T08:38:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"GW-17","title":"Geologic correlation of logs of wells in Kings County, New York","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Power and Control Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"De Laguna, W., 1948, Geologic correlation of logs of wells in Kings County, New York: Bulletin GW-17, 35 p.; 3 Plates.","productDescription":"35 p.; 3 Plates","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dd95fbe4b0e31bb027f7c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Laguna, Wallace","contributorId":91547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Laguna","given":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007066,"text":"ofr4885 - 1948 - Results of pumping tests on artesian wells in the Milwaukee - Waukesha area, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:16","indexId":"ofr4885","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T10:29:27","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"48-85","title":"Results of pumping tests on artesian wells in the Milwaukee - Waukesha area, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"As a result of a bill passed by the Wisconsin State Legislature in 1945, ground-water investigations in Wisconsin have been under way since February 1946 under the terms of an agreement between the U. S. Geological Survey and the University of Wisconsin. Pumping tests on wells that yield water from the Ordovician and Cambrian sandstones underlying the Milwaukee-Waukesha area have been made as a part a larger regional investigation. The purpose of the tests has been to determine the water-bearing characteristics of the aquifer. These characteristics, the coefficients of transmissibility and storage, are used to determine the effect on water levels caused by changes in the rate of withdrawal from the aquifer. Average coefficients of transmissibility and storage determined from the results of 47 pumping tests at five different locations are 23,800 gallons a day per foot, and 0.00039, respectively. The amount of drawdown in the water level at any point caused by pumping a well for a given length of time may be computed by the nonequilibrium formula, using the coefficients and correcting for the effects of boundaries and of any changes in the character of the aquifer. Further study of the geology is needed to determine the location of the recharge area, the location of possible boundaries, and changes in the character of the aquifer. Collection of water-level and pumpage data is continuing and will serve as a check of the computations using the coefficients of transmissibility and storage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr4885","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Drescher, W., 1948, Results of pumping tests on artesian wells in the Milwaukee - Waukesha area, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-85, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4885.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261237,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0085/report.pdf"},{"id":261238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0085/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Milwaukee;Waukesha","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aab79e4b0c8380cd86866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drescher, W.J.","contributorId":35713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drescher","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175855,"text":"70175855 - 1948 - Geology and ground-water resources of Kiowa County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T12:14:46","indexId":"70175855","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-14T13:30:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Kiowa County, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Latta, B., 1948, Geology and ground-water resources of Kiowa County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 65, 151 p. .","productDescription":"151 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"65","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dbde4b03fd6b7da36ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latta, B.F.","contributorId":173166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latta","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175852,"text":"70175852 - 1948 - Ground-water supplies at Hays, Victoria, Walker, Gorham, and Russell, Kansas, with special reference to future needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T12:12:57","indexId":"70175852","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-07T18:25:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water supplies at Hays, Victoria, Walker, Gorham, and Russell, Kansas, with special reference to future needs","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Latta, B., 1948, Ground-water supplies at Hays, Victoria, Walker, Gorham, and Russell, Kansas, with special reference to future needs: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 76, no. 6, p. 121-196.","productDescription":"75 p. ","startPage":"121","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"76","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dc7e4b03fd6b7da3779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latta, B.F.","contributorId":173166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latta","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175842,"text":"70175842 - 1948 - Contamination of deep water wells in southeastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:49:46","indexId":"70175842","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-07T13:20:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contamination of deep water wells in southeastern Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.C., 1948, Contamination of deep water wells in southeastern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 76, no. 2, p. 13-28.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82db1e4b03fd6b7da3657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Charles C.","contributorId":107367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175851,"text":"70175851 - 1948 - Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of Labette County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T12:10:21","indexId":"70175851","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-07T08:20:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of Labette County, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Prescott, G., 1948, Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of Labette County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 48, no. 7, 15 p. .","productDescription":"15 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82de2e4b03fd6b7da398a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, G.C. Jr.","contributorId":103352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"G.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175863,"text":"70175863 - 1948 - Geology and ground-water resources of Republic County and northern Cloud County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T12:57:28","indexId":"70175863","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-09T13:25:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Republic County and northern Cloud County, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V., 1948, Geology and ground-water resources of Republic County and northern Cloud County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 73, 194 p. .","productDescription":"194 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dbde4b03fd6b7da36ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200079,"text":"5200079 - 1948 - Waterfowl management on small areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5200079","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Waterfowl management on small areas","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C","usgsCitation":"Addy, C., and MacNamara, L., 1948, Waterfowl management on small areas, 85.","productDescription":"85","numberOfPages":"85","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0175","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Addy, C.E.","contributorId":22009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addy","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacNamara, L.G.","contributorId":47061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNamara","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175865,"text":"70175865 - 1948 - Geology and ground-water resources of Seward County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T12:59:49","indexId":"70175865","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-06T12:30:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Seward County, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Byrne, F., and McLaughlin, T.G., 1948, Geology and ground-water resources of Seward County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 69, 140 p.","productDescription":"140 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327051,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dbee4b03fd6b7da3709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrne, F.E.","contributorId":45772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, Thad G.","contributorId":95548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Thad","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175857,"text":"70175857 - 1948 - Ground-water resources of the Kansas City, Kansas, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T12:47:40","indexId":"70175857","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T12:30:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water resources of the Kansas City, Kansas, area","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V., 1948, Ground-water resources of the Kansas City, Kansas, area: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 71, 109 p. .","productDescription":"109 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dc5e4b03fd6b7da3774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57085,"text":"ofr4880 - 1948 - Ground water in the Blanchard area, McClain County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T05:45:05","indexId":"ofr4880","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"48-80","title":"Ground water in the Blanchard area, McClain County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"A letter from Lloyd L. Bowser, City Clerk, dated January 8, 1948, in behalf of the town council and Mayor Walter Casey, indicates that a serious shortage of water is faced by the town of Blanchard, McClain County, Oklahoma. The town is near the eastern boundary of Grady County, where an investigation of the ground-water resources is being made by the Oklahoma Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a State-wide investigation. Information obtained thus far may aid the town by showing where additional ground water for municipal supply may be sought.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4880","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Davis, L.V., and Schoff, S., 1948, Ground water in the Blanchard area, McClain County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-80, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4880.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0080/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":287151,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0080/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Grady County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.096,34.6811 ], [ -98.096,35.3784 ], [ -97.668,35.3784 ], [ -97.668,34.6811 ], [ -98.096,34.6811 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d9dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Leon Virgil","contributorId":39046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Leon","email":"","middleInitial":"Virgil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoff, Stuart L.","contributorId":104467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"Stuart L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23270,"text":"ofr4878 - 1948 - Water-supply investigation at Chinle, Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-14T13:55:31","indexId":"ofr4878","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"48-78","title":"Water-supply investigation at Chinle, Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona","docAbstract":"In late January 1948 the Geological Survey was requested to investigate the possibilities of obtaining additional water supplies at four sites on the Navajo Indian Reservation. Each site was given a priority, and the site at Chinle was designated as second of the four in importance. Field work was to be completed and reports submitted by the Navajo Service by April 9, 1948.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4878","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Halpenny, L., and Brown, S., 1948, Water-supply investigation at Chinle, Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-78, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4878.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287154,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0078/report.pdf"},{"id":287153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0078/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Chinle","otherGeospatial":"Chinle Navajo Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.646593,36.112196 ], [ -109.646593,36.188293 ], [ -109.513712,36.188293 ], [ -109.513712,36.112196 ], [ -109.646593,36.112196 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halpenny, Leonard C.","contributorId":91898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpenny","given":"Leonard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, S.C.","contributorId":53834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":55616,"text":"ofr4825 - 1948 - Electrical resistivity investigations at Memphis, and Bolivar, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-14T13:35:00","indexId":"ofr4825","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"48-25","title":"Electrical resistivity investigations at Memphis, and Bolivar, Tennessee","docAbstract":"This geophysical investigation was undertaken upon request of Elliott M. Cushing of the Ground Water Division Office at Memphis, Tennessee. The field work was performed during the period March 13 to 28, 1947; the apparent resistivity curves were interpreted during November and December; and the report was written subsequent to the interpretation of the curves. The writer is grateful to Elliott M. Cushing and his staff for the splendid cooperation and generous assistance extended to him in obtaining the measurements. It is also a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of George J. Edwards in obtaining the field measurements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4825","usgsCitation":"Spicer, H.C., 1948, Electrical resistivity investigations at Memphis, and Bolivar, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-25, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4825.","productDescription":"63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287146,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0025/report.pdf"},{"id":287147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0025/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Shelby County","city":"Bolivar;Memphis","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.310298,34.994185 ], [ -90.310298,35.409483 ], [ -89.632779,35.409483 ], [ -89.632779,34.994185 ], [ -90.310298,34.994185 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spicer, H. Cecil","contributorId":67075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Cecil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55608,"text":"ofr485 - 1948 - Uses of water in upper Bruneau River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr485","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"48-5","title":"Uses of water in upper Bruneau River","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr485","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1948, Uses of water in upper Bruneau River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-5, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr485.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88060,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0005/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":88061,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1355,"text":"wsp997 - 1948 - Floods in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp997","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"997","title":"Floods in Colorado","docAbstract":"The first records of floods in Colorado antedated the settlement of the State by about 30 years. These were records of floods on the Arkansas and Republican Rivers in 1826. Other floods noted by traders, hunters and emigrants, some of whom were on their way to the Far West, occurred in 1844 on the Arkansas River, and by inference on the South Platte River. Other early floods were those on the Purgatoire, the Lower Arkansas, and the San Juan Rivers about 1859. The most serious flood since settlement began was that on the Arkansas River during June 1921, which caused the loss of about 100 lives and an estimated property loss of $19,000,000. Many floods of lesser magnitude have occurred, and some of these have caused loss of life and very considerable property damage. Topography is the chief factor in determining the location of storms and resulting floods. These occur most frequently on the eastern slope of the Front Range. In the mountains farther west precipitation is insufficient to cause floods except during periods of melting snow, in June. In the southwestern part of the State, where precipitation during periods of melting snow is insufficient to cause floods, the severest floods yet experienced resulted from heavy rains in September 1909 and October 1911. \r\n\r\nIn the eastern foothills region, usually below an altitude of about 7,500 feet and extending for a distance of about 50 miles east of the mountains, is a zone subject to rainfalls of great intensity known as cloudbursts. These cloudbursts are of short duration and are confined to very small areas. At times the intensity is so great as to make breathing difficult for those exposed to a storm. The areas of intense rainfall are so small that Weather Bureau precipitation stations have not been located in them. Local residents, being cloudburst conscious, frequently measure the rainfall in receptacles in their yards, and such records constitute the only source of information regarding the intensity. \r\n\r\nA flood resulting from a cloudburst rises so quickly that it is usually described as a 'wall of water.' It has a peak duration of only a few minutes, followed by a rapid subsidence. Nearly 90 cloudburst floods in Colorado are described in varying detail in this report. The earliest recorded cloudburst--called at that time a waterspout--occurred in Golden Gate Gulch, July 14, 1872. The 'wall of water' was described as a 'perpendicular breast of 10 or 12 feet.' A cloudburst flood on Kiowa Creek in May 1878 caused the loss of a standard-gage locomotive, and although search was made by means of long metallic rods, the locomotive was never recovered, as bedrock was about 50 feet below the creek bed. All available information relative to floods in Colorado, beginning with the flood of 1826 on the Arkansas River, is presented in this report, although for many of the earlier floods estimates of discharge are lacking. Floods throughout a large part of the State have occurred in 1844, June 1864, June 1884, May 1894, and June 1921. The highest floods of record were on the larger streams and occurred as follows: South Platte River, June 1921; Rio Grande, June 1927; Colorado River, June and July 1884; San Juan River, October 1911. \r\n\r\nThe greatest floods on the plains streams occurred during May and June 1935 and were caused by cloudbursts. Ranchers living in the vicinity noted rainfalls as high as 24 inches in a 13-hour period, measurements being made in a stock tank. The effect of settlement on channel capacities can be clearly traced. When settlement began, and with it the beginning of the livestock industry, the plains were thickly covered with a luxuriant growth of grasses. With the development of the livestock industry the grass cover was grazed so closely that it afforded little protection against erosion during the violent rains and resulting floods. The intensive grazing packed the soil so hard as to increase greatly the percentage of rainfall that entered the streams. 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