{"pageNumber":"268","pageRowStart":"6675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70031078,"text":"70031078 - 2006 - Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031078","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan","docAbstract":"Since 1987 we have studied weekly change in winter (December-April) precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water, and stream water solute flux in a small (176-ha) Northern Michigan watershed vegetated by 65-85 year-old northern hardwoods. Our primary study objective was to quantify the effect of change in winter temperature and precipitation on watershed hydrology and solute flux. During the study winter runoff was correlated with precipitation, and forest soils beneath the snowpack remained unfrozen. Winter air temperature and soil temperature beneath the snowpack increased while precipitation and snowmelt declined. Atmospheric inputs declined for H+, NO 3- , NH 4+ , dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and SO 42- . Replicated plot-level results, which could not be directly extrapolated to the watershed scale, showed 90% of atmospheric DIN input was retained in surface shallow (<15 cm deep) soils while SO 42- flux increased 70% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 30-fold. Most stream water base cation (C B), HCO 3- , and Cl- concentrations declined with increased stream water discharge, K+, NO 3- , and SO 42- remained unchanged, and DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased. Winter stream water solute outputs declined or were unchanged with time except for NO 3- and DOC which increased. DOC and DIN outputs were correlated with the percentage of winter runoff and stream discharge that occurred when subsurface flow at the plot-level was shallow (<25 cm beneath Oi). Study results suggest that the percentage of annual runoff occurring as shallow lateral subsurface flow may be a major factor regulating solute outputs and concentrations in snowmelt-dominated ecosystems. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Toczydlowski, D., 2006, Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan: Biogeochemistry, v. 77, no. 3, p. 409-440, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1.","startPage":"409","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1"},{"id":238942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05fee4b0c8380cd5107c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toczydlowski, D.","contributorId":9790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035442,"text":"70035442 - 2006 - Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035442","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana","docAbstract":"The Spring Mill Lake watershed is located in the Mitchell Plateau, a karst area that developed on Mississippian carbonates in southern Indiana. Spring Mill Lake is a reservoir built in the late 1930s and is located in Spring Mill State Park. Within the park, groundwater from subsurface conduits issues as natural springs and then flows in surface streams to the lake. From 1998 to 2002, surface and subsurface hydrology and water quality were investigated to determine the types and sources of potential contaminants entering the lake. Water samples collected during base flow and a February 2000 storm event were analyzed for selected cations, anions, trace elements, selected U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primary and secondary drinkingwater contaminants, nitrogen isotopes, suspended solids, Escherichia coli, and pesticides. All of the water samples met the EPA drinking-water standards for inorganic constituents, except those collected at five sites in August 1999 during a drought. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations were highest during base-flow conditions and displayed a dilutional trend during peak-flow periods. The NO3-N concentrations in water samples collected during the 2001 spring fertilizer applications tended to increase from early to late spring. All of the ??15N values were low, which is indicative of either an inorganic source or soil organic matter. Storm discharge contained increased concentrations of total suspended solids; thus, storms are responsible for most of the sediment accumulation in the lake. E. coli levels in 24% of the samples analyzed contained a most probable number (MPN) greater than 235/100 mL, which is the maximum acceptable level set for recreational waters in Indiana. E. coli does appear to be a potential health risk, particularly at Rubble spring. The sources of E. coli found at this spring may include barnyard runoff from a horse barn or wastes from a wastewater treatment facility. The pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine were detected during the spring of 2001. Atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine are used to suppress weeds during corn and soybean production. Additional sources of atrazine and simazine may result from application to right-of-ways, orchards, and managed forest areas. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2404(13)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Hasenmueller, N., Buehler, M., Krothe, N., Comer, J., Branam, T., Ennis, M., Smith, R., Zamani, D., Hahn, L., and Rybarczyk, J., 2006, Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 404, p. 153-167, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(13).","startPage":"153","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(13)"},{"id":243277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"404","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcdd5e4b08c986b32e0f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasenmueller, N.R.","contributorId":89950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buehler, M.A.","contributorId":43588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buehler","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krothe, N.C.","contributorId":76378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krothe","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Comer, J.B.","contributorId":34185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Branam, T.D.","contributorId":52332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branam","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ennis, M.V.","contributorId":100125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennis","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R.T.","contributorId":37558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zamani, D.D.","contributorId":22127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamani","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hahn, L.","contributorId":81327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rybarczyk, J.P.","contributorId":52006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybarczyk","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70035443,"text":"70035443 - 2006 - Geology of the Yucca Mountain region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035443","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Yucca Mountain region","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain has been proposed as the site for the nation's first geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. This chapter provides the geologic framework for the Yucca Mountain region. The regional geologic units range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, and these are described briefly. Yucca Mountain is composed dominantly of pyroclastic units that range in age from 11.4 to 15.2 Ma. The proposed repository would be constructed within the Topopah Spring Tuff, which is the lower of two major zoned and welded ash-flow tuffs within the Paintbrush Group. The two welded tuffs are separated by the partly to nonwelded Pah Canyon Tuff and Yucca Mountain Tuff, which together figure prominently in the hydrology of the unsaturated zone. The Quaternary deposits are primarily alluvial sediments with minor basaltic cinder cones and flows. Both have been studied extensively because of their importance in predicting the long-term performance of the proposed repository. Basaltic volcanism began ca. 10 Ma and continued as recently as ca. 80 ka with the eruption of cones and flows at Lathrop Wells, ???10 km south-southwest of Yucca Mountain. Geologic structure in the Yucca Mountain region is complex. During the latest Paleozoic and Mesozoic, strong compressional forces caused tight folding and thrust faulting. The present regional setting is one of extension, and normal faulting has been active from the Miocene through to the present. There are three major local tectonic domains: (1) Basin and Range, (2) Walker Lane, and (3) Inyo-Mono. Each domain has an effect on the stability of Yucca Mountain. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(02)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and O’Leary, D.W., 2006, Geology of the Yucca Mountain region: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 9-50, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(02).","startPage":"9","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(02)"},{"id":243308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26d4e4b0c8380cd593ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184334,"text":"70184334 - 2006 - Extracellular and intracellular uptake of zinc in a photosynthetic biofilm matrix: ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:25:35","indexId":"70184334","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracellular and intracellular uptake of zinc in a photosynthetic biofilm matrix: ","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-006-1028-5","usgsCitation":"Morris, J., and Meyer, J., 2006, Extracellular and intracellular uptake of zinc in a photosynthetic biofilm matrix: : Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 77, no. 1, p. 30-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-006-1028-5.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"30","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4ffe4b014cc3a3ba534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, J.M.","contributorId":91675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184332,"text":"70184332 - 2006 - Changes in organic matter biodegradatility influencing sulfate reduction in an aquifer contaminated by landfill leachate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T14:33:10","indexId":"70184332","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in organic matter biodegradatility influencing sulfate reduction in an aquifer contaminated by landfill leachate","docAbstract":"

In situ experiments were conducted to measure sulfate reduction rates and identify rate-limiting factors in a shallow, alluvial aquifer contaminated with municipal landfill leachate. Single-well, push–pull tests conducted in a well adjacent to the landfill with >8 mM dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exhibited a sulfate reduction rate of 3.2 μmol SO4−2 (L sediment)−1 day−1, a value in close agreement with laboratory-derived estimates. Identical tests conducted in wells located 90 m downgradient where DOC levels remained high (>3 mM) showed no detectable sulfate consumption, and laboratory assays confirmed this observation. However, the rates of sulfate reduction in sediment samples obtained from this site were three times larger when they were amended with filter-sterilized groundwater from the upgradient location. The effect of various amendments on sulfate reduction rates was further examined in laboratory incubations using sediment collected from the downgradient site amended with 35S sulfate. Unamended sediments showed only weak conversion of the tracer to 35S sulfide (5 to 7 cpm/cm2), whereas the addition of Desulfovibrio cells increased 35S sulfide production to 44 cpm/cm2. However, the application of heat-killed Desulfovibrio had a similar stimulatory effect, as did a lactate amendment. Collectively, these findings indicate that the lack of measurable sulfate reduction at the downgradient site was not due to the absence of the necessary metabolic potential, the presence of lower sulfate concentration, or the quantity of electron donor, but by its biodegradability. The findings also indicate that field bioaugmentation attempts should be interpreted with caution.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9043-y","usgsCitation":"Harris, S.H., Istok, J.D., and Suflita, J.M., 2006, Changes in organic matter biodegradatility influencing sulfate reduction in an aquifer contaminated by landfill leachate: Microbial Ecology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 535-542, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9043-y.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"535","endPage":"542","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4ffe4b014cc3a3ba536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Steve H. Jr.","contributorId":54889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Steve","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Istok, Jonathan D.","contributorId":35468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029442,"text":"70029442 - 2006 - The Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): Its structure, connection to other international initiatives and future directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029442","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): Its structure, connection to other international initiatives and future directions","docAbstract":"The Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) is an international project aimed at developing enhanced techniques for the a priori estimation of parameters in hydrological models and in land surface parameterization schemes connected to atmospheric models. The MOPEX science strategy involves: database creation, a priori parameter estimation methodology development, parameter refinement or calibration, and the demonstration of parameter transferability. A comprehensive MOPEX database has been developed that contains historical hydrometeorological data and land surface characteristics data for many hydrological basins in the United States (US) and in other countries. This database is being continuously expanded to include basins from various hydroclimatic regimes throughout the world. MOPEX research has largely been driven by a series of international workshops that have brought interested hydrologists and land surface modellers together to exchange knowledge and experience in developing and applying parameter estimation techniques. With its focus on parameter estimation, MOPEX plays an important role in the international context of other initiatives such as GEWEX, HEPEX, PUB and PILPS. This paper outlines the MOPEX initiative, discusses its role in the scientific community, and briefly states future directions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Wagener, T., Hogue, T., Schaake, J., Duan, Q., Gupta, H., Andreassian, V., Hall, A., and Leavesley, G., 2006, The Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): Its structure, connection to other international initiatives and future directions: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 307, p. 339-346.","startPage":"339","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"307","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7f8e4b08c986b32190c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagener, T.","contributorId":36350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagener","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogue, T.","contributorId":74189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogue","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaake, J.","contributorId":63603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duan, Q.","contributorId":57257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duan","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gupta, H.","contributorId":75296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andreassian, V.","contributorId":77352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreassian","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hall, A.","contributorId":38720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70028986,"text":"70028986 - 2006 - The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028986","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are the dominant living cover in many drylands of the world. They possess many features that can influence different aspects of local hydrologic cycles, including soil porosity, absorptivity, roughness, aggregate stability, texture, pore formation, and water retention. The influence of biological soil crusts on these factors depends on their internal and external structure, which varies with climate, soil, and disturbance history. This paper presents the different types of biological soil crusts, discusses how crust type likely influences various aspects of the hydrologic cycle, and reviews what is known and not known about the influence of biological crusts on sediment production and water infiltration versus runoff in various drylands around the world. Most studies examining the effect of biological soil crusts on local hydrology are done by comparing undisturbed sites with those recently disturbed by the researchers. Unfortunately, this greatly complicates interpretation of the results. Applied disturbances alter many soil features such as soil texture, roughness, aggregate stability, physical crusting, porosity, and bulk density in ways that would not necessarily be the same if crusts were not naturally present. Combined, these studies show little agreement on how biological crusts affect water infiltration or runoff. However, when studies are separated by biological crust type and utilize naturally occurring differences among these types, results indicate that biological crusts in hyperarid regions reduce infiltration and increase runoff, have mixed effects in and regions, and increase infiltration and reduce runoff in semiarid cool and cold drylands. However, more studies are needed before broad generalizations can be made on how biological crusts affect infiltration and runoff. We especially need studies that control for sub-surface soil features such as bulk density, micro- and macropores, and biological crust structure. Unlike the mixed effects of biological crusts on infiltration and runoff among regions, almost all studies show that biological crusts reduce sediment production, regardless of crust or dryland type.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6325","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 2006, The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 15, p. 3159-3178, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6325.","startPage":"3159","endPage":"3178","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6325"},{"id":236661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baebbe4b08c986b3242d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028037,"text":"70028037 - 2006 - Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028037","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa","docAbstract":"Riparian zones of many incised channels in agricultural regions are cropped to the channel edge leaving them unvegetated for large portions of the year. In this study we evaluated surface and groundwater interaction in the riparian zone of an incised stream during a spring high flow period using detailed stream stage and hydraulic head data from six wells, and water quality sampling to determine whether the riparian zone can be a source of nitrate pollution to streams. Study results indicated that bank storage of stream water from Walnut Creek during a large storm water runoff event was limited to a narrow 1.6 m zone immediately adjacent to the channel. Nitrate concentrations in riparian groundwater were highest near the incised stream where the unsaturated zone was thickest. Nitrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations and nitrate-chloride ratios increased during a spring recharge period then decreased in the latter portion of the study. We used MODFLOW and MT3DMS to evaluate dilution and denitrification processes that would contribute to decreasing nitrate concentrations in riparian groundwater over time. MT3DMS model simulations were improved with a denitrification rate of 0.02 1/d assigned to the floodplain sediments implying that denitrification plays an important role in reducing nitrate concentrations in groundwater. We conclude that riparian zones of incised channels can potentially be a source of nitrate to streams during spring recharge periods when the near-stream riparian zone is largely unvegetated. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., Li, Z., and Zhang, Y., 2006, Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa: Journal of Hydrology, v. 327, no. 1-2, p. 140-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014.","startPage":"140","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014"}],"volume":"327","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dd1e4b0c8380cd5c057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028985,"text":"70028985 - 2006 - Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028985","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA","docAbstract":"A small stream in the Great Plains of USA was sampled to understand the streamflow components following intense precipitation and the influence of water storage structures in the drainage basin. Precipitation, stream, ponds, ground-water and soil moisture were sampled for determination of isotopic (D, 18O) and chemical (Cl, SO4) composition before and after two intense rain events. Following the first storm event, flow at the downstream locations was generated primarily through shallow subsurface flow and runoff whereas in the headwaters region - where a pond is located in the stream channel - shallow ground-water and pond outflow contributed to the flow. The distinct isotopic signatures of precipitation and the evaporated pond water allowed separation of the event water from the other sources that contributed to the flow. Similarly, variations in the Cl and SO4 concentrations helped identify the relative contributions of ground-water and soil moisture to the streamflow. The relationship between deuterium excess and Cl or SO4 content reveals that the early contributions from a rain event to streamflow depend upon the antecedent climatic conditions and the position along the stream channel within the watershed. The design of this study, in which data from several locations within a watershed were collected, shows that in small streams changes in relative contributions from ground water and soil moisture complicate hydrograph separation, with surface-water bodies providing additional complexity. It also demonstrates the usefulness of combined chemical and isotopic methods in hydrologic investigations, especially the utility of the deuterium excess parameter in quantifying the relative contributions of various source components to the stream flow. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Machavaram, M., Whittemore, D.O., Conrad, M., and Miller, N., 2006, Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 330, no. 3-4, p. 470-480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004.","startPage":"470","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004"},{"id":236660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"330","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a811ae4b0c8380cd7b383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machavaram, M.V.","contributorId":9051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machavaram","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, M.E.","contributorId":26088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, N.L.","contributorId":82904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028980,"text":"70028980 - 2006 - Linear adsorption of nonionic organic compounds from water onto hydrophilic minerals: Silica and alumina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:32:47","indexId":"70028980","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear adsorption of nonionic organic compounds from water onto hydrophilic minerals: Silica and alumina","docAbstract":"

To characterize the linear adsorption phenomena in aqueous nonionic organic solute−mineral systems, the adsorption isotherms of some low-molecular-weight nonpolar nonionic solutes (1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, lindane, phenanthrene, and pyrene) and polar nonionic solutes (1,3-dinitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene) from single- and binary-solute solutions on hydrophilic silica and alumina were established. Toward this objective, the influences of temperature, ionic strength, and pH on adsorption were also determined. It is found that linear adsorption exhibits low exothermic heats and practically no adsorptive competition. The solute−solid configuration and the adsorptive force consistent with these effects were hypothesized. For nonpolar solutes, the adsorption occurs presumably by London (dispersion) forces onto a water film above the mineral surface. For polar solutes, the adsorption is also assisted by polar-group interactions. The reduced adsorptive forces of solutes with hydrophilic minerals due to physical separation by the water film and the low fractions of the water-film surface covered by solutes offer a theoretical basis for linear solute adsorption, low exothermic heats, and no adsorptive competition. The postulated adsorptive forces are supported by observations that ionic strength or pH poses no effect on the adsorption of nonpolar solutes while it exhibits a significant effect on the uptake of polar solutes.


","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0609809","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Su, Y., Zhu, Y., Sheng, G., and Chiou, C.T., 2006, Linear adsorption of nonionic organic compounds from water onto hydrophilic minerals: Silica and alumina: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 22, p. 6949-6954, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0609809.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6949","endPage":"6954","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0609809"}],"volume":"40","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47bae4b0c8380cd67947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Y.-H.","contributorId":57645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"Y.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Y.-G.","contributorId":9446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Y.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheng, G.","contributorId":70961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028099,"text":"70028099 - 2006 - Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:10:46","indexId":"70028099","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California","docAbstract":"

A radioisotope method was devised to study bacterial respiratory reduction of arsenate in sediments. The following two arsenic-rich soda lakes in California were chosen for comparison on the basis of their different salinities: Mono Lake (∼90 g/liter) and Searles Lake (∼340 g/liter). Profiles of arsenate reduction and sulfate reduction were constructed for both lakes. Reduction of [73As]arsenate occurred at all depth intervals in the cores from Mono Lake (rate constant [k] = 0.103 to 0.04 h−1) and Searles Lake (k = 0.012 to 0.002 h−1), and the highest activities occurred in the top sections of each core. In contrast, [35S]sulfate reduction was measurable in Mono Lake (k = 7.6 ×104 to 3.2 × 10−6 h−1) but not in Searles Lake. Sediment DNA was extracted, PCR amplified, and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to obtain phylogenetic markers (i.e., 16S rRNA genes) and a partial functional gene for dissimilatory arsenate reduction (arrA). The amplified arrA gene product showed a similar trend in both lakes; the signal was strongest in surface sediments and decreased to undetectable levels deeper in the sediments. More arrA gene signal was observed in Mono Lake and was detectable at a greater depth, despite the higher arsenate reduction activity observed in Searles Lake. A partial sequence (about 900 bp) was obtained for a clone (SLAS-3) that matched the dominant DGGE band found in deeper parts of the Searles Lake sample (below 3 cm), and this clone was found to be closely related to SLAS-1, a novel extremophilic arsenate respirer previously cultivated from Searles Lake.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01066-06","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Kulp, T., Hoeft, S., Miller, L., Saltikov, C., Murphy, J., Han, S., Lanoil, B., and Oremland, R., 2006, Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 10, p. 6514-6526, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01066-06.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6514","endPage":"6526","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477364,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1610296","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01066-06"},{"id":237157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0229e4b0c8380cd4fefb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulp, T.R.","contributorId":33032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoeft, S.E.","contributorId":24479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saltikov, C.","contributorId":77722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, J.N.","contributorId":39182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Han, S.","contributorId":60009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lanoil, B.","contributorId":96470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanoil","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70028978,"text":"70028978 - 2006 - Fens and floodplains of the temperate zone: Present status, threats, conservation and restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028978","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fens and floodplains of the temperate zone: Present status, threats, conservation and restoration","docAbstract":"This Special Feature focuses on lowland fens and flood plains. In this introduction we discuss the most important mire-related terms, present status, threats and conservation and restoration attempts. Floodplains and especially lowland fens are rare and vulnerable ecosystems. They are highly threatened all over the world because of direct conversion to agricultural land and especially the lack of appropriate management and altered catchment hydrology. Finally we present a framework for the conservation and restoration of these ecosystems. This consists of (1) optimising abiotic conditions; (2) safeguarding propagule availability of the target species; (3) creating and maintaining conditions for (re)establishment of these species, and (4) appropriate management to keep the conditions suitable. ?? IAVS; Opulus Press.","largerWorkTitle":"Applied Vegetation Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[157:FAFOTT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"14022001","usgsCitation":"Van Diggelen, R., Middleton, B., Bakker, J., Grootjans, A., and Wassen, M., 2006, Fens and floodplains of the temperate zone: Present status, threats, conservation and restoration, in Applied Vegetation Science, v. 9, no. 2, p. 157-162, https://doi.org/10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[157:FAFOTT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"157","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477510,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/f76f9817-87e7-4764-837d-ef51703e21c8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[157:FAFOTT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f7fe4b0c8380cd53915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Diggelen, R.","contributorId":88935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Diggelen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, B. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":29939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bakker, J.","contributorId":103158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grootjans, A.","contributorId":36429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grootjans","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wassen, M.","contributorId":92129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028110,"text":"70028110 - 2006 - Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:06:12","indexId":"70028110","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows","docAbstract":"

The ubiquitous presence of nonylphenolethoxylate/octylphenolethoxylate (NPE/OPE) compounds in aquatic environments adjacent to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) warrants an assessment of the endocrine disrupting potential of these complex mixtures on aquatic vertebrates. In this study, fathead minnow larvae were exposed for 64 days to a mixture of NPE/OPE, which closely models the NPE/OPE composition of a major metropolitan WWTP effluent. Target exposure concentrations included a total NPE/OPE mixture load of 200% of the WWTP effluent concentration (148 μg/L), 100% of the WWTP effluent concentration (74 μg/L) and 50% of the WWTP effluent concentration (38 μg/L). The NPE/OPE mixture contained 0.2% 4-t-octylphenol, 2.8% 4-nonylphenol, 5.1% 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxylate, 9.3% 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate, 0.9% 4-t-octylphenolmonoethoxylate, 3.1% 4-t-octylphenoldiethoxylate, 33.8% 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxycarboxylate, and 44.8% 4-nonylphenoldiethoxycarboxylate. An additional exposure of 5 μg/L 4-nonylphenol (nominal) was conducted. The exposure utilized a flow-through system supplied by ground water and designed to deliver consistent concentrations of applied chemicals. Following exposure, larvae were raised to maturity. Upon sexual maturation, exposed male fish were allowed to compete with control males in a competitive spawning assay. Nest holding ability of control and exposed fish was carefully monitored for 7 days. All male fish were then sacrificed and analyzed for plasma vitellogenin, developmental changes in gonadal tissues, alterations in the development of secondary sexual characters, morphometric changes, and changes to reproductive behavior. When exposed to the 200% NPE/OPE treatment most larvae died within the first 4 weeks of exposure. Both the 100% and 50% NPE/OPE exposures caused a significant decrease in reproductive behavior, as indicated by an inability of many of the previously exposed males to acquire and hold a nest site required for reproduction. In contrast, the 5 μg/L 4-nonylphenol exposure resulted in significantly enhanced reproductive behavior compared to that of control males and a majority of the nesting sites were held by previously exposed males. No significant change in the development of gonadal tissues was observed. The 100% NPE/OPE exposure resulted in a significant reduction in the gonadal somatic index and in the prominence of secondary sexual characteristics of exposed larvae. This study indicates that NPE/OPE mixtures have an effect on the reproductive competence of previously exposed male fathead minnows. In addition, 4-nonylphenol concentrations utilized in all exposures were below regulatory guidelines, suggesting that evaluation of 4-nonylphenol alone may not be sufficient for identifying potentially adverse effects of this suite of compounds usually found as mixtures in the aquatic environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Bistodeau, T., Barber, L.B., Bartell, S., Cediel, R., Grove, K., Klaustermeier, J., Woodard, J., Lee, K.E., and Schoenfuss, H., 2006, Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 268-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44ade4b0c8380cd66cc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bistodeau, T.J.","contributorId":59697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bistodeau","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartell, S.E.","contributorId":40817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cediel, R.A.","contributorId":100626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cediel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grove, K.J.","contributorId":95282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klaustermeier, J.","contributorId":57735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaustermeier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodard, J.C.","contributorId":35203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodard","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028945,"text":"70028945 - 2006 - Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028945","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"In May and September, 2002, 14 private residential drinking water wells, one dewatering well at a lignite mine, eight surface water sites, and lignite from an active coal mine were sampled in five Parishes of northwestern Louisiana, USA. Using a geographic information system (GIS), wells were selected that were likely to draw water that had been in contact with lignite; control wells were located in areas devoid of lignite deposits. Well water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic compounds, and nutrient and anion concentrations. All samples were further tested for presence of fungi (cultures maintained for up to 28 days and colonies counted and identified microscopically) and for metal and trace element concentration by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry. Surface water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen and presence of pathogenic leptospiral bacteria. The Spearman correlation method was used to assess the association between the endpoints for these field/laboratory analyses and incidence of cancer of the renal pelvis (RPC) based on data obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry for the five Parishes included in the study. Significant associations were revealed between the cancer rate and the presence in drinking water of organic compounds, the fungi Zygomycetes, the nutrients PO4 and NH3, and 13 chemical elements. Presence of human pathogenic leptospires was detected in four out of eight (50%) of the surface water sites sampled. The present study of a stable rural population examined possible linkages between aquifers containing chemically reactive lignite deposits, hydrologic conditions favorable to the leaching and transport of toxic organic compounds from the lignite into the groundwater, possible microbial contamination, and RPC risk. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, J., Tatu, C., Bushon, R., Stoeckel, D.M., Brady, A., Beck, M., Lerch, H., McGee, B., Hanson, B., Shi, R., and Orem, W., 2006, Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 28, no. 6, p. 577-587, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y.","startPage":"577","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477490,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e29e4b0c8380cd7a3a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, J.E.","contributorId":63512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatu, C. A.","contributorId":89942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tatu","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bushon, R.N.","contributorId":68086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoeckel, D. M.","contributorId":84855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brady, A.M.G.","contributorId":9834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beck, M.","contributorId":88544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGee, B.","contributorId":78522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hanson, B.C.","contributorId":58828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shi, R.","contributorId":69345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028126,"text":"70028126 - 2006 - Modeling effects of multinode wells on solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:42:35","indexId":"70028126","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling effects of multinode wells on solute transport","docAbstract":"Long-screen wells or long open boreholes with intraborehole flow potentially provide pathways for contaminants to move from one location to another in a ground water flow system. Such wells also can perturb a flow field so that the well will not provide water samples that are representative of ground water quality a short distance away from the well. A methodology is presented to accurately and efficiently simulate solute transport in ground water systems that include wells longer than the grid spacing used in a simulation model of the system and hence are connected to multiple nodes of the grid. The methods are implemented in a MODFLOW-compatible solute-transport model and use MODFLOW's Multi-Node Well Package but are generic and can be readily implemented in other solute-transport models. For nonpumping multinode wells (used to simulate open boreholes or observation wells, for example) and for low-rate pumping wells (in which the flow between the well and the ground water system is not unidirectional), a simple routing and local mixing model was developed to calculate nodal concentrations within the borehole. For high-rate pumping multinode wells (either withdrawal or injection, in which flow between the well and the ground water system is in the same direction at all well nodes), complete and instantaneous mixing in the wellbore of all inflows is assumed.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00231.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Hornberger, G., 2006, Modeling effects of multinode wells on solute transport: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 5, p. 648-660, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00231.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"648","endPage":"660","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00231.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf5e4b0c8380cd6f919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028143,"text":"70028143 - 2006 - Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:17:23","indexId":"70028143","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"

Atmospheric concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and particulate Hg (pHg) concentrations were measured in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), U.S.A. using high resolution, real time atmospheric mercury analyzers (Tekran 2537A, 1130, and 1135). A survey of Hg0 concentrations at various locations within YNP showed that concentrations generally reflect global background concentrations of 1.5–2.0 ng m− 3, but a few specific locations associated with concentrated geothermal activity showed distinctly elevated Hg0 concentrations (about 9.0 ng m− 3). At the site of intensive study located centrally in YNP (Canyon Village), Hg0 concentrations did not exceed 2.5 ng m− 3; concentrations of RGM were generally below detection limits of 0.88 pg m− 3 and never exceeded 5 pg m− 3. Concentrations of pHg ranged from below detection limits to close to 30 pg m−3. RGM and pHg concentrations were not correlated with any criteria gases (SO2, NOx, O3); however pHg was weakly correlated with the concentration of atmospheric particles. We investigated three likely sources of Hg at the intensive monitoring site: numerous geothermal features scattered throughout YNP, re-suspended soils, and wildfires near or in YNP. We examined relationships between the chemical properties of aerosols (as measured using real time, single particle mass spectrometry; aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer; ATOFMS) and concentrations of atmospheric pHg. Based on the presence of particles with distinct chemical signatures of the wildfires, and the absence of signatures associated with the other sources, we concluded that wildfires in the park were the main source of aerosols and associated pHg to our sampling site.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hall, B., Olson, M., Rutter, A., Frontiera, R., Krabbenhoft, D., Gross, D., Yuen, M., Rudolph, T., and Schauer, J., 2006, Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park: Science of the Total Environment, v. 367, no. 1, p. 354-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007"},{"id":236841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"367","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec3e4b0c8380cd49f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, B.D.","contributorId":42408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutter, A.P.","contributorId":41200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutter","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frontiera, R.R.","contributorId":98525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frontiera","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, D.S.","contributorId":13028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yuen, M.","contributorId":90923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rudolph, T.M.","contributorId":13803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schauer, J.J.","contributorId":93262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schauer","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028144,"text":"70028144 - 2006 - Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:07:32.735406","indexId":"70028144","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA","docAbstract":"

Septic systems serve approximately 25% of U.S. households and may be an important source of estrogenic and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWC) to groundwater. We monitored several estrogenic OWC, including nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol mono- and diethoxycarboxylates (NP1EC and NP2EC), the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and other OWC such as methylene blue active substances (MBAS), caffeine and its degradation product paraxanthine, and two fluorescent whitening agents in a residential septic system and in downgradient groundwater. E1 and E2 were present predominantly as free estrogens in groundwater, and near-source groundwater concentrations of all OWC were highest in the suboxic to anoxic portion of the wastewater plume, where concentrations of most OWC were similar to those observed in the septic tank on the same day. NP and NP2EC were up to 6- to 30-fold higher, and caffeine and paraxanthine were each 60-fold lower than septic tank concentrations, suggesting net production and removal, respectively, of these constituents. At the most shallow, oxic depth, concentrations of all OWC except for NP2EC were substantially lower than in the tank and in deeper wells. Yet boron, specific conductance, and the sum of nitrate-and ammonia-nitrogen were highest at this shallow depth, suggesting preferential losses of OWC along the more oxic flow lines. As far as 6.0 m downgradient, concentrations of many OWC were within a factor of 2 of near-source concentrations. The results suggest that there is the potential for migration of these OWC, which are unregulated and not routinely monitored, in groundwater.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es052595","usgsCitation":"Swartz, C., Reddy, S., Benotti, M., Yin, H., Barber, L.B., Brownawell, B., and Rudel, R., 2006, Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 16, p. 4894-4902, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052595.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4894","endPage":"4902","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachsetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.938720703125,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -69.6917724609375,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -69.6917724609375,\n 42.15525946577863\n ],\n [\n -70.938720703125,\n 42.15525946577863\n ],\n [\n -70.938720703125,\n 41.42625319507269\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9838e4b08c986b31bef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swartz, C.H.","contributorId":60837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swartz","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, S.","contributorId":74563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benotti, M.J.","contributorId":21750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benotti","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yin, H.","contributorId":27661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brownawell, Bruce J.","contributorId":108264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownawell","given":"Bruce J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudel, R.A.","contributorId":29625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028145,"text":"70028145 - 2006 - Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:59:39","indexId":"70028145","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","docAbstract":"

The effects of changes in acid deposition rates resulting from the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 should first appear in stream waters during rainstorms and snowmelt, when the surface of the watershed is most hydrologically connected to the stream. Early detection of improved stream water quality is possible if trends at high flow could be separately determined. Trends in concentrations of sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), calcium plus magnesium (Ca2++Mg2+), and acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) in Biscuit Brook, Catskill Mountains, New York, were assessed through segmented regression analysis (SRA). The method uses annual concentration‐to‐discharge relations to predict concentrations for specific discharges, then compares those annual values to determine trends at specific discharge levels. Median‐flow trends using SRA were comparable to those predicted by the seasonal Kendall tau test and a multiple regression residual analysis. All of these methods show that stream water SO42− concentrations have decreased significantly since 1983; Ca2++Mg2+ concentrations have decreased at a steady but slower rate than SO42−; and ANC shows no trend. The new SRA method, however, reveals trends that differ at specified flow levels. ANC has increased, and NO3−concentrations have decreased at high flows, but neither has changed as significantly at low flows. The general downward trend in SO42− flattened at median flow and reversed at high flow between 1997 and 2002. The reversal of the high‐flow SO42− trend is consistent with increases in SO42− concentrations in both precipitation and soil solutions at Biscuit Brook. Separate calculation of high‐flow trends provides resource managers with an early detection system for assessing changes in water quality resulting from changes in acidic deposition.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003892","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Shanley, J.B., 2006, Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08407; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003892.","productDescription":"Article W08407; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff7be4b0c8380cd4f1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028148,"text":"70028148 - 2006 - Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T07:49:40","indexId":"70028148","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber","docAbstract":"

This paper presents the design of a dynamic chamber system that allows full transmission of PAR and UV radiation and permits enclosed intact foliage to maintain normal physiological function while Hg(0) flux rates are quantified in the field. Black spruce and jack pine foliage both emitted and absorbed Hg(0), exhibiting compensation points near atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations of ∼2−3 ng m-3. Using enriched stable Hg isotope spikes, patterns of spike Hg(II) retention on foliage were investigated. Hg(0) evasion rates from foliage were simultaneously measured using the chamber to determine if the decline of foliar spike Hg(II) concentrations over time could be explained by the photoreduction and re-emission of spike Hg to the atmosphere. This mass balance approach suggested that spike Hg(0) fluxes alone could not account for the measured decrease in spike Hg(II) on foliage following application, implying that either the chamber underestimates the true photoreduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) on foliage, or other mechanisms of Hg(II) loss from foliage, such as cuticle weathering, are in effect. The radiation spectrum responsible for the photoreduction of newly deposited Hg(II) on foliage was also investigated. Our spike experiments suggest that some of the Hg(II) in wet deposition retained by the forest canopy may be rapidly photoreduced to Hg(0) and re-emitted back to the atmosphere, while another portion may be retained by foliage at the end of the growing season, with some being deposited in litterfall. This finding has implications for the estimation of Hg dry deposition based on throughfall and litterfall fluxes.


","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0604616","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Graydon, J., , L., Lindberg, S., Hintelmann, H., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2006, Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 15, p. 4680-4688, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0604616.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4680","endPage":"4688","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0604616"}],"volume":"40","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e90e4b0c8380cd63e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graydon, J.A.","contributorId":7902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graydon","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":" Louis","contributorId":71353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindberg, S.E.","contributorId":87354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030553,"text":"70030553 - 2006 - Groundwater-surface water interactions in wetlands for integrated water resources management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030553","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Groundwater-surface water interactions in wetlands for integrated water resources management","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.021","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schot, P., and Winter, T., 2006, Groundwater-surface water interactions in wetlands for integrated water resources management, in Journal of Hydrology, v. 320, no. 3-4, p. 261-263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.021.","startPage":"261","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211814,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.021"},{"id":239179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"320","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dd2e4b0c8380cd5c060","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schot, P.","contributorId":11406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schot","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, T.","contributorId":89333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028929,"text":"70028929 - 2006 - Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T17:38:06","indexId":"70028929","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Corrections can be used to estimate actual wetland evapotranspiration (AET) from potential evapotranspiration (PET) as a means to define the hydrology of wetland areas. Many alternate parameterizations for correction coefficients for three PET equations are presented, covering a wide range of possible data-availability scenarios. At nine sites in the wetland Everglades of south Florida, USA, the relatively complex PET Penman equation was corrected to daily total AET with smaller standard errors than the PET simple and Priestley-Taylor equations. The simpler equations, however, required less data (and thus less funding for instrumentation), with the possibility of being corrected to AET with slightly larger, comparable, or even smaller standard errors. Air temperature generally corrected PET simple most effectively to wetland AET, while wetland stage and humidity generally corrected PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman most effectively to wetland AET. Stage was identified for PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman as the data type with the most correction ability at sites that are dry part of each year or dry part of some years. Finally, although surface water generally was readily available at each monitoring site, AET was not occurring at potential rates, as conceptually expected under well-watered conditions. Apparently, factors other than water availability, such as atmospheric and stomata resistances to vapor transport, also were limiting the PET rate. ?? 2006, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., and Sumner, D.M., 2006, Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration: Wetlands, v. 26, no. 2, p. 528-543, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"528","endPage":"543","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e97ce4b0c8380cd482f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay bshoemak@usgs.gov","contributorId":1495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028910,"text":"70028910 - 2006 - Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028910","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Walker Lake, a hydrologically closed, saline, and alkaline lake, is situated along the western margin of the Great Basin in Nevada of the western United States. Analyses of the magnetic susceptibility (??), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and oxygen isotopic composition (??18O) of carbonate sediments including ostracode shells (Limnocythere ceriotuberosa) from Walker Lake allow us to extend the sediment record of lake-level fluctuations back to 2700??years B.P. There are approximately five major stages over the course of the late Holocene hydrologic evolution in Walker Lake: an early lowstand (> 2400??years B.P.), a lake-filling period (??? 2400 to ??? 1000??years B.P.), a lake-level lowering period during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) (??? 1000 to ??? 600??years B.P.), a relatively wet period (??? 600 to ??? 100??years B.P.), and the anthropogenically induced lake-level lowering period (< 100??years B.P.). The most pronounced lowstand of Walker Lake occurred at ??? 2400??years B.P., as indicated by the relatively high values of ??18O. This is generally in agreement with the previous lower resolution paleoclimate results from Walker Lake, but contrasts with the sediment records from adjacent Pyramid Lake and Siesta Lake. The pronounced lowstand suggests that the Walker River that fills Walker Lake may have partially diverted into the Carson Sink through the Adrian paleochannel between 2700 to 1400??years B.P. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Yuan, F., Linsley, B., Howe, S.S., Lund, S., and McGeehin, J., 2006, Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 240, no. 3-4, p. 497-507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003.","startPage":"497","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003"},{"id":236310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"240","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44e8e4b0c8380cd66eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, F.","contributorId":104287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linsley, B.K.","contributorId":55155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsley","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, S.P.","contributorId":98054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028862,"text":"70028862 - 2006 - Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in semiarid and arid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T18:36:46","indexId":"70028862","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in semiarid and arid regions","docAbstract":"

Global synthesis of the findings from ∼140 recharge study areas in semiarid and arid regions provides important information on recharge rates, controls, and processes, which are critical for sustainable water development. Water resource evaluation, dryland salinity assessment (Australia), and radioactive waste disposal (US) are among the primary goals of many of these recharge studies. The chloride mass balance (CMB) technique is widely used to estimate recharge. Average recharge rates estimated over large areas (40–374 000 km2) range from 0·2 to 35 mm year−1, representing 0·1–5% of long-term average annual precipitation. Extreme local variability in recharge, with rates up to ∼720 m year−1, results from focussed recharge beneath ephemeral streams and lakes and preferential flow mostly in fractured systems. System response to climate variability and land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes is archived in unsaturated zone tracer profiles and in groundwater level fluctuations. Inter-annual climate variability related to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) results in up to three times higher recharge in regions within the SW US during periods of frequent El Niños (1977–1998) relative to periods dominated by La Niñas (1941–1957). Enhanced recharge related to ENSO is also documented in Argentina. Climate variability at decadal to century scales recorded in chloride profiles in Africa results in recharge rates of 30 mm year−1 during the Sahel drought (1970–1986) to 150 mm year−1 during non-drought periods. Variations in climate at millennial scales in the SW US changed systems from recharge during the Pleistocene glacial period (≥10 000 years ago) to discharge during the Holocene semiarid period. LU/LC changes such as deforestation in Australia increased recharge up to about 2 orders of magnitude. Changes from natural grassland and shrublands to dryland (rain-fed) agriculture altered systems from discharge (evapotranspiration, ET) to recharge in the SW US. The impact of LU change was much greater than climate variability in Niger (Africa), where replacement of savanna by crops increased recharge by about an order of magnitude even during severe droughts. Sensitivity of recharge to LU/LC changes suggests that recharge may be controlled through management of LU. In irrigated areas, recharge varies from 10 to 485 mm year−1, representing 1–25% of irrigation plus precipitation. However, irrigation pumpage in groundwater-fed irrigated areas greatly exceeds recharge rates, resulting in groundwater mining. Increased recharge related to cultivation has mobilized salts that accumulated in the unsaturated zone over millennia, resulting in widespread groundwater and surface water contamination, particularly in Australia. The synthesis of recharge rates provided in this study contains valuable information for developing sustainable groundwater resource programmes within the context of climate variability and LU/LC change. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6335","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Keese, K., Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., Gaye, C., Edmunds, W., and Simmers, I., 2006, Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in semiarid and arid regions: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 15, p. 3335-3370, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6335.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"3335","endPage":"3370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a295fe4b0c8380cd5a8d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keese, K.E.","contributorId":69766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keese","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaye, C.B.","contributorId":56017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaye","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edmunds, W.M.","contributorId":107082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simmers, I.","contributorId":38758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmers","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028261,"text":"70028261 - 2006 - Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028261","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment","docAbstract":"We developed a process-based model to predict the probability of arsenic exceeding 5 ??g/L in drinking water wells in New England bedrock aquifers. The model is being used for exposure assessment in an epidemiologic study of bladder cancer. One important study hypothesis that may explain increased bladder cancer risk is elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic in drinking water. In eastern New England, 20-30% of private wells exceed the arsenic drinking water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Our predictive model significantly improves the understanding of factors associated with arsenic contamination in New England. Specific rock types, high arsenic concentrations in stream sediments, geochemical factors related to areas of Pleistocene marine inundation and proximity to intrusive granitic plutons, and hydrologic and landscape variables relating to groundwater residence time increase the probability of arsenic occurrence in groundwater. Previous studies suggest that arsenic in bedrock groundwater may be partly from past arsenical pesticide use. Variables representing historic agricultural inputs do not improve the model, indicating that this source does not significantly contribute to current arsenic concentrations. Due to the complexity of the fractured bedrock aquifers in the region, well depth and related variables also are not significant predictors. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es051972f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Nolan, B.T., Nuckols, J., Cantor, K., Robinson, G., Baris, D., Hayes, L., Karagas, M., Bress, W., Silverman, D., and Lubin, J., 2006, Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 11, p. 3578-3585, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051972f.","startPage":"3578","endPage":"3585","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051972f"},{"id":237135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4de4b0c8380cd6fba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. 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Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baris, D.","contributorId":68092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baris","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hayes, L.","contributorId":98938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karagas, M.","contributorId":30428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karagas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bress, W.","contributorId":100179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bress","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Silverman, D.T.","contributorId":104275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lubin, J.H.","contributorId":14184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubin","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028262,"text":"70028262 - 2006 - The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:16:21","indexId":"70028262","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","docAbstract":"

Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national‐scale retrospective of self‐supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation of national occurrence, it encompasses large parts of the United States including at least some wells sampled in every state and Puerto Rico. Inorganic contaminants were detected in many of the wells, and concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs; federal drinking water standards used to regulate public drinking water quality) more often than organic contaminants. Of the inorganic constituents evaluated, arsenic concentrations exceeded the MCL (10 μg/L) in ∼11% of the 7580 wells evaluated, nitrate exceeded the MCL (10 mg/L) in ∼8% of the 3465 wells evaluated, uranium‐238 exceeded the MCL (30 μg/L) in ∼4% of the wells, and radon‐222 exceeded 300 and 4000 pCi/L (potential drinking water standards currently under review by the U.S. EPA) in ∼75% and 9% of the wells, respectively. The MCLs for total mercury and fluoride were each exceeded in <1% of the wells evaluated. The MCL was exceeded in <1% of all wells for all anthropogenically derived organic contaminants evaluated and was not exceeded for many contaminants. In addition, 10 contaminants evaluated do not currently have an MCL. Atrazine, however, was detected in 24% of the wells evaluated and was the most frequently detected organic contaminant of the 28 organic contaminants evaluated in this study. Simazine and metolachlor each were detected in ∼9% of all wells and tied for second in frequency of detection for organic contaminants. The third and fourth most frequently detected organic contaminants were methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) (6%) and chloroform (5%), respectively. Because the water quality of domestic wells is not federally regulated or nationally monitored, this study provides a unique, previously nonexistent, perspective on the quality of the self‐supplied drinking water resources used by ∼45 million Americans in the United States.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M.J., Tipton, D., Shapiro, S.D., and Geiger, L.H., 2006, The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 3, p. 92-104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x"},{"id":237136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2ce4b08c986b322744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tipton, D.","contributorId":58453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle","contributorId":82738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"Dunkle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiger, Linda H.","contributorId":91113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}