{"pageNumber":"268","pageRowStart":"6675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10462,"records":[{"id":70026787,"text":"70026787 - 2004 - The effects of habitat resolution on models of avian diversity and distributions: A comparison of two land-cover classifications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T12:26:05","indexId":"70026787","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of habitat resolution on models of avian diversity and distributions: A comparison of two land-cover classifications","docAbstract":"Quantifying patterns is a key element of landscape analysis. One aspect of this quantification of particular importance to landscape ecologists is the classification of continuous variables to produce categorical variables such as land-cover type or elevation stratum. Although landscape ecologists are fully aware of the importance of spatial resolution in ecological investigations, the potential importance of the resolution of classifications has received little attention. Here we demonstrate the effects of using two different land-cover classifications to predict avian species richness and the occurrences of six individual species across the conterminous United States. We compared models built with a data set based on 14 coarsely resolved land-cover variables to models built with a data set based on 160 finely resolved land-cover variables. In general, comparable models built with the two data sets fit the data to similar degrees, but often produced strikingly different predictions in various parts of the country. By comparing the predictions made by pairs of models, we determined in which regions of the US predictions were most sensitive to differences in land-cover classification. In general, these sensitive areas were different for four of the individual species and for predictions of species richness, indicating that alternate classifications will have different effects in the analyses of different ecological phenomena and that these effects will likely vary geographically. Our results lead us to emphasize the importance of the resolution to which continuous variables are classified in the design of ecological studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:LAND.0000036151.28327.01","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Lawler, J.J., O’Connor, R.J., Hunsaker, C.T., Jones, K.B., Loveland, T., and White, D., 2004, The effects of habitat resolution on models of avian diversity and distributions: A comparison of two land-cover classifications: Landscape Ecology, v. 19, no. 5, p. 517-532, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000036151.28327.01.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"532","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab80e4b08c986b322eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, Joshua J.","contributorId":73327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Raymond. J.","contributorId":206571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Raymond.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunsaker, Carolyn T.","contributorId":177336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, K. Bruce","contributorId":66105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Denis","contributorId":206572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026875,"text":"70026875 - 2004 - The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 July","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026875","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 July","docAbstract":"The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 88 lists information for 1610 newly classified meteorites, comprising 753 from Antarctica, 302 from Africa, 505 from Asia (495 of which are from Oman), 40 from North America, 5 from South America, 4 from Europe, and 1 of unknown origin. Information is provided for 9 falls (Alby sur Che??ran, Al Zarnkh, Devgaon, Kamioka, Kendrapara, Maromandia, New Orleans, Sivas, and Villalbeto de la Pen??a). Noteworthy specimens include a eucrite fall (Alby sur Che??ran), 6 martian meteorites, 13 lunar meteorites, and 12 irons including one weighing 3 metric ions (Dronino). ?? Meteoritical Society, 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Russell, S.S., Folco, L., Grady, M.M., Zolensky, M., Jones, R., Righter, K., Zipfel, J., and Grossman, J.N., 2004, The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 July: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 39, no. SUPPL.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7e7e4b08c986b32189d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Sara S.","contributorId":24969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":39858,"text":"Natural History Museum London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folco, L.","contributorId":62807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folco","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grady, Monica M.","contributorId":101059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24586,"text":"The Natural History Museum, London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zolensky, M.E.","contributorId":65653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolensky","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, R.","contributorId":63585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Righter, K.","contributorId":38802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Righter","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zipfel, J.","contributorId":72107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipfel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026886,"text":"70026886 - 2004 - Losses to single-family housing from ground motions in the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70026886","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Losses to single-family housing from ground motions in the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The distributions of insured losses to single-family housing following the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake for 234 ZIP codes can be satisfactorily modeled with gamma distributions. Regressions of the parameters in the gamma distribution on estimates of ground motion, derived from ShakeMap estimates or from interpolated observations, provide a basis for developing curves of conditional probability of loss given a ground motion. Comparison of the resulting estimates of aggregate loss with the actual aggregate loss gives satisfactory agreement for several different ground-motion parameters. Estimates of loss based on a deterministic spatial model of the earthquake ground motion, using standard attenuation relationships and NEHRP soil factors, give satisfactory results for some ground-motion parameters if the input ground motions are increased about one and one-half standard deviations above the median, reflecting the fact that the ground motions for the Northridge earthquake tended to be higher than the median ground motion for other earthquakes with similar magnitude. The results give promise for making estimates of insured losses to a similar building stock under future earthquake loading. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1775238","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Wesson, R.L., Perkins, D.M., Leyendecker, E.V., Roth, R., and Petersen, M., 2004, Losses to single-family housing from ground motions in the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 1021-1045, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1775238.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1045","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1775238"},{"id":235151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49e1e4b0c8380cd6896a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, D. M.","contributorId":83922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leyendecker, E. V.","contributorId":87162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leyendecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, R.J. Jr.","contributorId":91282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"R.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026888,"text":"70026888 - 2004 - Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T15:25:40.771357","indexId":"70026888","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese","docAbstract":"<p>We studied patterns of relatedness and nesting dispersion in female Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (<i>Anser albifrons frontalis</i>) in Alaska. Female Greater White-fronted Geese are thought to be strongly philopatric and are often observed nesting in close association with other females. Analysis of the distribution of nests on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in 1998 indicated that nests were significantly clumped. We tested the hypothesis that females in the same nest cluster would be closely related using estimates of genetic relatedness based on six microsatellite DNA loci. There was no difference in the mean relatedness of females in the same cluster compared to females found in different clusters. However, relatedness among females was negatively correlated with distance between their nests, and geese nesting within 50 m of one another tended to be more closely related than those nesting farther apart. Randomization tests revealed that pairs of related individuals (R &gt; 0.45) were more likely to occur in the same cluster when analyzed at the scale of the entire study site. However, the pattern did not hold when restricted to pairs found within 500 m of each other. Our results indicate that nest clusters are not composed primarily of closely related females, but Greater White-fronted Geese appear to be sufficiently philopatric to promote nonrandom patterns of relatedness at a local scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1650/7446","usgsCitation":"Fowler, A.C., Eadie, J., and Ely, C.R., 2004, Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese: Condor, v. 106, no. 3, p. 600-607, https://doi.org/10.1650/7446.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"607","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7446","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C.","contributorId":95836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026923,"text":"70026923 - 2004 - Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70026923","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods","docAbstract":"Two novel methods of in situ isotope analysis, ion microprobe and microdigestion, were used for 230Th/U and 234U/238U dating of finely laminated opal hemispheres formed in unsaturated felsic tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, proposed site for a high-level radioactive waste repository. Both methods allow analysis of layers as many as several orders of magnitude thinner than standard methods using total hemisphere digestion that were reported previously. Average growth rates calculated from data at this improved spatial resolution verified that opal grew at extremely slow rates over the last million years. Growth rates of 0.58 and 0.69 mm/m.y. were obtained for the outer 305 and 740 ??m of two opal hemispheres analyzed by ion microprobe, and 0.68 mm/m.y. for the outer 22 ??m of one of these same hemispheres analyzed by sequential microdigestion. These Pleistocene growth rates are 2 to 10 times slower than those calculated for older secondary calcite and silica mineral coatings deposited over the last 5 to 10 m.y. dated by the U-Pb method and may reflect differences between Miocene and Pleistocene seepage flux. The microdigestion data also imply that opal growth rates may have varied over the last 40 k.y. These data are the first indication that growth rates and associated seepage in the proposed repository horizon may correlate with changes in late Pleistocene climate, involving faster growth during wetter, cooler climates (glacial maximum), slower growth during transition climates, and no growth during the most arid climate (modern). Data collected at this refined spatial scale may lead to a better understanding of the hydrologic variability expected within the thick unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain over the time scale of interest for radioactive waste isolation. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Paces, J., Neymark, L., Wooden, J.L., and Persing, H., 2004, Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 7, p. 1591-1606, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022.","startPage":"1591","endPage":"1606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3965e4b0c8380cd618e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Persing, H.M.","contributorId":108275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persing","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026937,"text":"70026937 - 2004 - Effects of seeding procedures and water quality on recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stream water by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026937","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of seeding procedures and water quality on recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stream water by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623","docAbstract":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 is widely used to monitor source waters and drinking water supplies for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Matrix spikes, used to determine the effect of the environmental matrix on the method's recovery efficiency for the target organism, require the collection and analysis of two environmental samples, one for analysis of endemic oocysts and the other for analysis of recovery efficiency. A new product, ColorSeed, enables the analyst to determine recovery efficiency by using modified seeded oocysts that can be differentiated from endemic organisms in a single sample. Twenty-nine stream water samples and one untreated effluent sample from a cattle feedlot were collected in triplicate to compare modified seeding procedures to conventional seeding procedures that use viable, unmodified oocysts. Significant negative correlations were found between the average oocyst recovery and turbidity or suspended sediment; this was especially apparent in samples with turbidities greater than 100 nephelometric turbidity units and suspended sediment concentrations greater than 100 mg/liter. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 16.7% of the unseeded environmental samples, and concentrations, adjusted for recoveries, ranged from 4 to 80 oocysts per 10 liters. Determining recovery efficiency also provided data to calculate detection limits; these ranged from <2 to <215 oocysts per 10 liters. Recoveries of oocysts ranged from 2.0 to 61% for viable oocysts and from 3.0 to 59% for modified oocysts. The recoveries between the two seeding procedures were highly correlated (r = 0.802) and were not significantly different. Recoveries by using modified oocysts, therefore, were comparable to recoveries by using conventional seeding procedures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.7.4118-4128.2004","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Francy, D., Simmons, O.D., Ware, M., Granger, E., Sobsey, M., and Schaefer, F.W., 2004, Effects of seeding procedures and water quality on recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stream water by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 7, p. 4118-4128, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.7.4118-4128.2004.","startPage":"4118","endPage":"4128","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478331,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/444769","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.7.4118-4128.2004"}],"volume":"70","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c5e4b0c8380cd51815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, D.S. 0000-0001-9229-3557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":86809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, O. D. III","contributorId":72160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"O.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ware, M.W.","contributorId":92027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ware","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Granger, E.J.","contributorId":75734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sobsey, M.D.","contributorId":7037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobsey","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaefer, F. W. III","contributorId":26475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026939,"text":"70026939 - 2004 - A combined basalt and peridotite perspective on 14 million years of melt generation at the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for temporal changes in mantle dynamics?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026939","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A combined basalt and peridotite perspective on 14 million years of melt generation at the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for temporal changes in mantle dynamics?","docAbstract":"Little is known about temporal variations in melt generation and extraction at midocean ridges largely due to the paucity of sampling along flow lines. Here we present new whole-rock major and trace element data, and mineral and glass major element data, for 71 basaltic samples (lavas and dykes) and 23 peridotites from the same ridge segment (the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge). These samples span an age range of almost 14 My and, in combination with the large amount of published data from this area, allow temporal variations in melting processes to be investigated. Basalts show systematic changes in incompatible trace element ratios with the older samples (from ???8-14 Ma) having more depleted incompatible trace element ratios than the younger ones. There is, however, no corresponding change in peridotite compositions. Peridotites come from the top of the melting column, where the extent of melting is highest, suggesting that the maximum degree of melting did not change over this interval of time. New and published Nd isotopic ratios of basalts, dykes and gabbros from this segment suggest that the average source composition has been approximately constant over this time interval. These data are most readily explained by a model in which the average source composition and temperature have not changed over the last 14 My, but the dynamics of mantle flow (active-to-passive) or melt extraction (less-to-more efficient extraction from the 'wings' of the melting column) has changed significantly. This hypothesised change in mantle dynamics occurs at roughly the same time as a change from a period of detachment faulting to 'normal' crustal accretion. We speculate that active mantle flow may impart sufficient shear stress on the base of the lithosphere to rotate the regional stress field and promote the formation of low angle normal faults. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.016","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Coogan, L., Thompson, G., MacLeod, C.J., Dick, H., Edwards, S., Hosford, S.A., and Barry, T., 2004, A combined basalt and peridotite perspective on 14 million years of melt generation at the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for temporal changes in mantle dynamics?: Chemical Geology, v. 207, no. 1-2, p. 13-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.016.","startPage":"13","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.016"},{"id":235435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"207","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e34ae4b0c8380cd45f44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coogan, L.A.","contributorId":27652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coogan","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, G.M.","contributorId":57246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacLeod, C. J.","contributorId":50333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacLeod","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dick, H.J.B.","contributorId":7012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"H.J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, S.J.","contributorId":72753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hosford, Scheirer A.","contributorId":62810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford","given":"Scheirer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barry, T.L.","contributorId":27646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026941,"text":"70026941 - 2004 - A Holocene pollen record of persistent droughts from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026941","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Holocene pollen record of persistent droughts from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Pollen and algae microfossils preserved in sediments from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, provide evidence for periods of persistent drought during the Holocene age. We analyzed one hundred nineteen 1-cm-thick samples for pollen and algae from a set of cores that span the past 7630 years. The early middle Holocene, 7600 to 6300 cal yr B.P., was found to be the driest period, although it included one short but intense wet phase. We suggest that Lake Tahoe was below its rim for most of this period, greatly reducing the volume and depth of Pyramid Lake. Middle Holocene aridity eased between 5000 and 3500 cal yr B.P. and climate became variable with distinct wet and dry phases. Lake Tahoe probably spilled intermittently during this time. No core was recovered that represented the period between 3500 and 2600 cal yr B.P. The past 2500 years appear to have had recurrent persistent droughts. The timing and magnitude of droughts identified in the pollen record compares favorably with previously published ??18O data from Pyramid Lake. The timing of these droughts also agrees with the ages of submerged rooted stumps in the Eastern Sierra Nevada and woodrat midden data from central Nevada. Prolonged drought episodes appear to correspond with the timing of ice drift minima (solar maxima) identified from North Atlantic marine sediments, suggesting that changes in solar irradiance may be a possible mechanism influencing century-scale drought in the western Great Basin. ?? 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.002","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Mensing, S., Benson, L.V., Kashgarian, M., and Lund, S., 2004, A Holocene pollen record of persistent droughts from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 62, no. 1, p. 29-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.002.","startPage":"29","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.002"},{"id":235472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e4e4b0c8380cd45cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mensing, S.A.","contributorId":17024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensing","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kashgarian, Michaele","contributorId":68473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashgarian","given":"Michaele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, S.","contributorId":84933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026983,"text":"70026983 - 2004 - Nutrient reserves of Lesser Scaup (<i>Aythya affinis</i>) during spring migration in the Mississippi Flyway: A test of the spring condition hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:57:40","indexId":"70026983","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient reserves of Lesser Scaup (<i>Aythya affinis</i>) during spring migration in the Mississippi Flyway: A test of the spring condition hypothesis","docAbstract":"<p><span>The continental scaup population (Lesser [</span><i>Aythya affinis</i><span>] and Greater [</span><i>A. marila</i><span>] combined) has declined markedly since 1978. One hypothesis for the population decline states that reproductive success has decreased because female scaup are arriving on breeding areas in poorer body condition than they did historically (i.e. spring condition hypothesis). We tested one aspect of that hypothesis by comparing body mass and nutrient reserves (lipid, protein, and mineral) of Lesser Scaup at four locations (Louisiana, Illinois, Minnesota, and Manitoba) between the 1980s and 2000s. We found that mean body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of females were 80.0, 52.5, and 3.0 g higher, respectively, in the 2000s than in the 1980s in Louisiana; similarly, body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of males were 108.8, 72.5, and 2.5 g higher, respectively. In Illinois, mean body mass and lipid reserves of females were 88.6 and 56.5 g higher, respectively, in the 2000s than in the 1980s; similarly, body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of males were 80.6, 76.0, and 2.7 g higher, respectively. Mean body mass of females were 58.5 and 58.9 g lower in the 2000s than in the 1980s in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively; mean body mass of males, similarly, were 40.7 g lower in Minnesota. Mean lipid reserves of females in the 2000s were 28.8 and 27.8 g lower than those in the 1980s in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively. Mean mineral reserves of females in the 2000s were 3.2 g lower than those in the 1980s in Manitoba. Consequently, females arriving to breed in Manitoba in the 2000s had accumulated lipid reserves for 4.1 fewer eggs and mineral reserves for 0.8 fewer eggs than those arriving to breed there in the 1980s. Accordingly, our results are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis and suggest that female body condition has declined, as reflected by decreases in body mass, lipids, and mineral reserves that could cause reductions in reproductive success and ultimately a population decline.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0917:NROLSA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., and Afton, A., 2004, Nutrient reserves of Lesser Scaup (<i>Aythya affinis</i>) during spring migration in the Mississippi Flyway: A test of the spring condition hypothesis: The Auk, v. 121, no. 3, p. 917-929, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0917:NROLSA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"917","endPage":"929","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0917:nrolsa]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6994e4b0c8380cd73dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027016,"text":"70027016 - 2004 - The late cretaceous Donlin Creek gold deposit, Southwestern Alaska: Controls on epizonal ore formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-19T10:34:51","indexId":"70027016","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The late cretaceous Donlin Creek gold deposit, Southwestern Alaska: Controls on epizonal ore formation","docAbstract":"<p>The Donlin Creek gold deposit, southwestern Alaska, has an indicated and inferred resource of approximately 25 million ounces (Moz) Au at a cutoff grade of 1.5 g/t. The ca. 70 Ma deposit is hosted in the Late Cretaceous Kuskokwim flysch basin, which developed in the back part of the arc region of an active continental margin, on previously accreted oceanic terranes and continental fragments. A hypabyssal, mainly rhyolitic to rhyodacitic, and commonly porphyritic, 8- × 3-km dike complex, part of a regional ca. 77 to 58 Ma magmatic arc, formed a structurally competent host for the mineralization. This deposit is subdivided into about one dozen distinct prospects, most of which consist of dense quartz ± carbonate veinlet networks that fill north-northeast–striking extensional fractures in the northeast-trending igneous rocks. The sulfide mineral assemblage is dominated by arsenopyrite, pyrite, and, typically younger, stibnite; gold is refractory within the arsenopyrite. Sericitization, carbonatization, and sulfidation were the main alteration processes.</p><p>Fluid inclusion studies of the quartz that hosts the resource indicate dominantly aqueous ore fluids with also about 3 to 7 mol percent CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>± CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and a few tenths to a few mole percent NaCl + KCl. The gold-bearing fluids were mainly homogeneously trapped at approximately 275° to 300°C and at depths of 1 to 2 km. Some of the younger stibnite may have been deposited by late-stage aqueous fluids at lower temperature. Measured<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O values for the gold-bearing quartz range between 11 and 25 per mil; the estimated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O fluid values range from 7 to12 per mil, suggesting a mainly crustally derived fluid. A broad range of measured<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i>D values for hydrothermal micas, between –150 and –80 per mil, is suggestive of a contribution from devolatilization of organic matter and/or minor amounts of mixing with meteoric fluids. Gold-associated hydrothermal sulfide minerals are characterized by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup>S values mainly between –16 and –10 per mil, with the sulfur derived from diagenetic pyrite and organic matter within the flysch basin. A smaller group of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup>S measurements, which shows values as depleted as –27 per mil, suggests a different local sulfur reservoir in the basin for the later hydrothermal episode dominated by stibnite. Initial<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ϵ</i><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of –8.7 to –3.1 and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr measurements of 0.706 to 0.709 for the ore-hosting dikes also indicate a crustal reservoir for some of the Late Cretaceous magmatism. Overlapping lead isotope data for these intrusive rocks and for sulfide minerals suggest a crustal contribution for the lead in both.</p><p>Copper- and gold-bearing stockwork veinlets in hornfels occur at Dome, a prospect located at the northern end of the Donlin Creek deposit. These stockworks are cut by the younger auriferous gold veins that define the main Donlin Creek gold mineralization. Highly saline, gas-rich, heterogeneously trapped fluids deposited the stockworks at temperatures approximately 100°C hotter than those of the main gold-forming event at Donlin Creek. The genetic relationship of the Dome prospect to the main Donlin Creek gold resource is equivocal.</p><p>The epizonal Donlin Creek deposit shows affinities to the gold systems interpreted by various workers as orogenic or intrusion related; it shows important differences from typical epithermal and Carlin-like deposits. The ore-forming fluids were derived by either broad-scale metamorphic devolatilization above rising mantle melts or exsolution from a magma that was dominated by a significant flysch melt component.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/99.4.643","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., Ayuso, R.A., Miller, M.L., Ebert, S.W., Marsh, E.E., Petsel, S.A., Miller, L.D., Bradley, D., Johnson, C., and McClelland, W.C., 2004, The late cretaceous Donlin Creek gold deposit, Southwestern Alaska: Controls on epizonal ore formation: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 643-671, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.4.643.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"671","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad87e4b08c986b323c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ebert, Shane W.","contributorId":57609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebert","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, Erin E. 0000-0001-5245-9532 emarsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-9532","contributorId":1250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Erin","email":"emarsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Petsel, Scott A.","contributorId":96975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petsel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McClelland, William C.","contributorId":194066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClelland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70027022,"text":"70027022 - 2004 - Comparisons of fish species traits from small streams to large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027022","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of fish species traits from small streams to large rivers","docAbstract":"To examine the relations between fish community function and stream size, we classified 429 lotic freshwater fish species based on multiple categories within six species traits: (1) substrate preference, (2) geomorphic preference, (3) trophic ecology, (4) locomotion morphology, (5) reproductive strategy, and (6) stream size preference. Stream size categories included small streams, small, medium, and large rivers, and no size preference. The frequencies of each species trait category were determined for each stream size category based on life history information from the literature. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of covarying groups of species trait categories. One cluster (RUN) included the traits of planktivore and herbivore feeding ecology, migratory reproductive behavior and broadcast spawning, preferences for main-channel habitats, and a lack of preferences for substrate type. The frequencies of classifications for the RUN cluster varied significantly across stream size categories (P = 0.009), being greater for large rivers than for small streams and rivers. Another cluster (RIFFLE) included the traits of invertivore feeding ecology, simple nester reproductive behavior, a preference for riffles, and a preference for bedrock, boulder, and cobble-rubble substrate. No significant differences in the frequency of classifications among stream size categories were detected for the RIFFLE cluster (P = 0.328). Our results suggest that fish community function is structured by large-scale differences in habitat and is different for large rivers than for small streams and rivers. Our findings support theoretical predictions of variation in species traits among stream reaches based on ecological frameworks such as landscape filters, habitat templates, and the river continuum concept. We believe that the species trait classifications presented here provide an opportunity for further examination of fish species' relations to physical, chemical, and biological factors in lotic habitats ranging from small streams to large rivers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T03-080.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., and Meador, M.R., 2004, Comparisons of fish species traits from small streams to large rivers: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 4, p. 971-983, https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-080.1.","startPage":"971","endPage":"983","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T03-080.1"},{"id":235621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c2e4b0c8380cd4d29b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, R. M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027049,"text":"70027049 - 2004 - Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027049","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of trends in population size are critical to effective management of landbirds. We propose a standard for considering that landbird populations are adequately monitored: 80% power to detect a 50% decline occuning within 20 years, using a 2-tailed test and a significance level of 0.10, and incorporating effects of potential bias. Our standard also requires that at least two-thirds of the target region be covered by the monitoring program. We recommend that the standard be achieved for species' entire ranges or for any area one-third the size of the temperate portions of Canada and the United States, whichever is smaller. We applied our approach to North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. At present, potential annual bias for the BBS is estimated at ??0.008. Further, the BBS achieves the monitoring standard for only about 42% of landbirds for which the BBS is considered the most effective monitoring approach. Achieving the proposed monitoring target for ???80% of these species would require increasing the number of BBS - or similar survey - routes by several-fold, a goal that probably is impractical. We suggest several methods for reducing potential bias and argue that if our methods are implemented, potential bias would fall to ??0.003. The required number of BBS or similar routes would then be 5,106, about 40% more than in the current BBS program. Most of the needed increases are in 15 states or provinces. Developing a comprehensive land-bird monitoring program will require increased support for coordination of the BBS (currently 2 people) and new programs for species that are poorly covered at present. Our results provide a quantitative goal for long-term land-bird monitoring and identify the sample sizes needed, within each state and province, to achieve the monitoring goal for most of the roughly 300 landbird species that are well suited to monitoring with the BBS and similar surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Burnham, K., Dunn, E.H., Francis, C., and John, R.C., 2004, Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 3, p. 611-626, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"611","endPage":"626","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209221,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2972e4b0c8380cd5a96c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunn, Erica H.","contributorId":35841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"John, Ralph C.","contributorId":26492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027056,"text":"70027056 - 2004 - Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:33:36","indexId":"70027056","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge","docAbstract":"Dissolved helium and bromide tracers were used to evaluate trapped gas during an infiltration pond experiment. Dissolved helium preferentially partitioned into trapped gas bubbles, or other pore air, because of its low solubility in water. This produced observed helium retardation factors of as much as 12 relative to bromide. Numerical simulations of helium breakthrough with both equilibrium and kinetically limited advection/dispersion/retardation did not match observed helium concentrations. However, better fits were obtained by including a decay term representing the diffusive loss of helium through interconnected, gas-filled pores. Calculations indicate that 7% to more than 26% of the porosity beneath the pond was filled with gas. Measurements of laboratory hydraulic properties indicate that a 10% decrease in saturation would reduce the hydraulic conductivity by at least one order of magnitude in the well-sorted sandstone, but less in the overlying soils. This is consistent with in situ measurements during the experiment, which show steeper hydraulic gradients in sandstone than in soil. Intrinsic permeability of the soil doubled during the first six months of the experiment, likely caused by a combination of dissolution and thermal contraction of trapped gas. Managers of artificial recharge basins may consider minimizing the amount of trapped gas by using wet, rather than dry, tilling to optimize infiltration rates, particularly in well-sorted porous media in which reintroduced trapped gas may cause substantial reductions in permeability. Trapped gas may also inhibit the amount of focused infiltration that occurs naturally during ephemeral flood events along washes and playas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02627.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V., Solomon, D.K., Perkins, K., and Ellett, K., 2004, Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 4, p. 589-600, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02627.x.","startPage":"589","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02627.x"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14dfe4b0c8380cd54be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, K. S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":77557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellett, K. M.","contributorId":49439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellett","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027077,"text":"70027077 - 2004 - Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T19:00:24","indexId":"70027077","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor","docAbstract":"<p>New Mexico's population is concentrated along the corridor that extends from Belen in the south to Espa&ntilde;ola in the north and includes Albuquerque and Santa Fe. The Rio Grande rift, which encompasses the corridor, is a major tectonically, volcanically, and seismically active continental rift in the western U.S. Although only one large earthquake (moment magnitude (M) &ge; 6) has possibly occurred in the New Mexico portion of the rift since 1849, paleoseismic data indicate that prehistoric surface-faulting earthquakes of M 6.5 and greater have occurred on aver- age every 400 yrs on many faults throughout the Rio Grande rift.</p>\n<p>We have developed a series of nine scenario and probabilistic hazard maps that portray the ground shaking that could occur in the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe corridor from future earthquakes in New Mexico. These maps, at a scale of 1:500,000, display color-contoured ground-motion values in terms of the parameters of peak horizontal acceleration and horizontal spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 second (sec) periods. The maps depict surficial ground shaking and incorporate the site-response effects at locations underlain by unconsolidated sediments. The scenario maps are for a M 7.0 earthquake rupturing the Sandia-Rincon faults, which are adjacent to and dip west beneath Albuquerque. The probabilistic maps are for the two annual exceedance probabilities of building code relevance, 10% and 2% exceedance probabilities in 50 yrs (corresponding to return periods of 500 and 2,500 yrs, respectively).</p>\n<p>We included 57 Quaternary faults, all located within the Rio Grande rift, in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. These faults were characterized in terms of their geometry, rupture behavior (including possible segmentation), maximum expected earthquake magnitude, recurrence model, probability of activity, and slip rate. Preferred maximum magnitude values for these faults ranged from M 6.1 to 7.4 and preferred slip rates from 0.01 to approximately 0.12 mm/yr. Regional source zones and Gaussian smoothing of the historical seismicity were also included in the probabilistic hazard analysis to account for the hazard from background earthquakes (M &le; 6.5).</p>\n<p>A numerical ground-motion modeling approach and empirical attenuation relation- ships appropriate for extensional tectonic regimes were used to compute the scenario earthquake and probabilistic ground motions on rock. Amplification factors were then used to modify the rock motions and hence to incorporate site response into the hazard maps. These factors were based on three generalized geologic site-response categories (hard rock, soft rock, and firm/stiff soil) and were adopted from similar California-based categories because insufficient subsurface geologic and geotechnical data are available for the map area.</p>\n<p>The resulting hazard maps indicate that from both scenario and probabilistic perspectives, the ground-shaking hazard in the Albuquerque&ndash;Belen&ndash;Santa Fe corridor from future earthquakes could be severe, damaging, and potentially disastrous. In the event of a M 7.0 earthquake occurring on the Sandia&ndash;Rincon faults, ground shaking as characterized by peak ground acceleration could reach 0.7 g in much of the eastern half of the Albuquerque metropolitan area. (1 g = 980 cm/sec, the rate of gravitational acceleration.) These high ground motions will be attributable to the city&rsquo;s location directly over the Sandia&ndash;Rincon faults and the amplifying effect of the unconsolidated sediments within the Albuquerque Basin. These levels of ground shaking will probably result in severe damage to traditional adobe construction and even to modern buildings. Long- period ground motions (&gt; 1.0 sec), which are significant to long and tall structures (e.g., tall buildings, long bridges, and highway overpasses), will also be high (&gt; 1.0 g). Injuries and loss of life will be likely.</p>\n<p>For the 500- and 2,500-yr return period maps, the highest peak accelerations are predicted to be at the damaging levels of 0.3 g and 0.6 g, respectively. All maps show dramatically the frequency-dependent amplification of unconsolidated sediments in the basins along the Rio Grande valley (e.g., Albuquerque Basin). The pattern of amplification and deamplification is clearly a function of the distribution of unconsolidated sediments.</p>\n<p>These maps are not intended to be a substitute for site-specific studies for engineering design nor to replace standard maps commonly referenced in building codes. Rather, we hope that these maps will be used as a guide by government agencies; the engineering, urban planning, emergency preparedness, and response communities; and the general public as part of an overall program to reduce earthquake risk and losses in New Mexico.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources","issn":"0196948X","usgsCitation":"Wong, I., Olig, S., Dober, M., Silva, W., Wright, D., Thomas, P., Gregor, N., Sanford, A., Lin, K., and Love, D., 2004, Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor: New Mexico Geology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 3-33.","productDescription":"31","startPage":"3","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/nmg/backissues/home.cfml?SpecificYear=&FromYear=&ToYear=&Volume=26&Number=1&title=&author=&keywords=&NMcounty=ANY&Submit=Search"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              36.56260003738548\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.11767578124999,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.63330078125,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.63330078125,\n              31.89621446335144\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              31.82156451492074\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.21533203125,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.25927734375,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              31.3348710339506\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0502e4b0c8380cd50bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, I.","contributorId":20508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olig, S.","contributorId":80055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olig","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dober, M.","contributorId":44721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dober","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, W.","contributorId":52693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, D.","contributorId":6158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gregor, N.","contributorId":27242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregor","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanford, A.","contributorId":40361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lin, K.-W.","contributorId":64775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"K.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Love, D.","contributorId":15809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70027082,"text":"70027082 - 2004 - Holocene to Pliocene tectonic evolution of the region offshore of the Los Angeles urban corridor, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70027082","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene to Pliocene tectonic evolution of the region offshore of the Los Angeles urban corridor, southern California","docAbstract":"Quaternary tectonism in the coastal belt of the Los Angeles urban corridor is diverse. In this paper we report the results of studies of multibeam bathymetry and a network of seismic reflection profiles that have been aimed at deciphering the diverse tectonism and at evaluating the relevance of published explanations of the region's tectonic history. Rapid uplift, subsidence in basins, folds and thrusts, extensional faulting, and strike-slip faulting have all been active at one place or another throughout the Quaternary Period. The tectonic strain is reflected in the modern physiography at all scales. Los Angeles (LA) Basin has filled from a deep submarine basin to its present condition with sediment impounded behind a large sill formed behind uplifts near the present shoreline. Newport trough to the south-southeast of LA Basin also accumulated a large volume of sediment, but remained at midbathyal depths throughout the Period. There is little or no evidence of Quaternary extensional tectonism in either basin although as much as 6 km of subsidence, which mainly occurred by sagging, has been recorded in places since the middle Miocene. The uplifts include folded and thrust faulted terranes in the Palos Verdes Hills and the shelves of Santa Monica and San Pedro Bays. The uplifted areas have been shortened in a southwest-northeast direction by 10% or slightly more, and some folds are reflected in the bathymetry. Two large adjacent midbathyal basins, Santa Monica and San Pedro, show strong evidence of subsidence and slight west-northwest extension (10%) during the same time folding was taking place in the uplifts. The tectonic boundaries between uplifts and basins are folded, normal faulted, reverse-faulted, and strike-slip faulted depending on location. The rapid Quaternary uplift and subsidence, along with the filling of LA Basin, have produced a reversal in the regional physiography. In the early Pliocene, LA Basin was a submarine deep, Palos Verdes and the shelves comprised a northeast basin slope, and the present offshore basins and Catalina Island formed an emergent or shallowly submerged shelf. Since extensional, compressional, and lateral strains are all locally in evidence, simple notions that this part of southern California underwent a change from Miocene transtension to Quaternary transpression fail to explain our observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003TC001504","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Bohannon, R.G., Gardner, J., and Sliter, R.W., 2004, Holocene to Pliocene tectonic evolution of the region offshore of the Los Angeles urban corridor, southern California: Tectonics, v. 23, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001504.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001504"},{"id":235443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f8e4b0c8380cd5e3e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohannon, R. G.","contributorId":61808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohannon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R. W.","contributorId":37758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027154,"text":"70027154 - 2004 - Methods for estimating adsorbed uranium(VI) and distribution coefficients of contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:06:43","indexId":"70027154","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for estimating adsorbed uranium(VI) and distribution coefficients of contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"Assessing the quantity of U(VI) that participates in sorption/desorption processes in a contaminated aquifer is an important task when investigating U migration behavior. U-contaminated aquifer sediments were obtained from 16 different locations at a former U mill tailings site at Naturita, CO (U.S.A.) and were extracted with an artificial groundwater, a high pH sodium bicarbonate solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, and concentrated nitric acid. With an isotopic exchange method, both a KD value for the specific experimental conditions as well as the total exchangeable mass of U(VI) was determined. Except for one sample, KD values determined by isotopic exchange with U-contaminated sediments that were in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 agreed within a factor of 2 with KD values predicted from a nonelectrostatic surface complexation model (NEM) developed from U(VI) adsorption experiments with uncontaminated sediments. The labile fraction of U(VI) and U extracted by the bicarbonate solution were highly correlated (r2 = 0.997), with a slope of 0.96 ?? 0.01. The proximity of the slope to one suggests that both methods likely access the same reservoir of U(VI) associated with the sediments. The results indicate that the bicarbonate extraction method is useful for estimating the mass of labile U(VI) in sediments that do not contain U(IV). In-situ KD values calculated from the measured labile U(VI) and the dissolved U(VI) in the Naturita alluvial aquifer agreed within a factor of 3 with in-situ K D values predicted with the NEM and groundwater chemistry at each well.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0341236","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kohler, M., Curtis, G., Meece, D., and Davis, J., 2004, Methods for estimating adsorbed uranium(VI) and distribution coefficients of contaminated sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 240-247, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0341236.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209272,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0341236"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a558ae4b0c8380cd6d228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohler, M.","contributorId":32694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meece, D.E.","contributorId":107893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meece","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176655,"text":"70176655 - 2004 - Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T13:15:22","indexId":"70176655","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most of epidemiological theory has been developed for terrestrial systems, but the significance of disease in the ocean is now being recognized. However, the extent to which terrestrial epidemiology can be directly transferred to marine systems is uncertain. Many broad types of disease-causing organism occur both on land and in the sea, and it is clear that some emergent disease problems in marine environments are caused by pathogens moving from terrestrial to marine systems. However, marine systems are qualitatively different from terrestrial environments, and these differences affect the application of modelling and management approaches that have been developed for terrestrial systems. Phyla and body plans are more diverse in marine environments and marine organisms have different life histories and probably different disease transmission modes than many of their terrestrial counterparts. Marine populations are typically more open than terrestrial ones, with the potential for long-distance dispersal of larvae. Potentially, this might enable unusually rapid propagation of epidemics in marine systems, and there are several examples of this. Taken together, these differences will require the development of new approaches to modelling and control of infectious disease in the ocean.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.009","usgsCitation":"McCallum, H.I., Kuris, A.M., Harvell, C.D., Lafferty, K.D., Smith, G.W., and Porter, J., 2004, Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 19, no. 11, p. 585-591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"591","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Does_terrestrial_epidemiology_apply_to_marine_systems_/22860299","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c98e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCallum, Hamish I.","contributorId":127713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallum","given":"Hamish","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7117,"text":"Griffith University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvell, C. Drew","contributorId":93614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Garriet W.","contributorId":49715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Garriet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Porter, James","contributorId":152399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026246,"text":"70026246 - 2004 - Remotely triggered seismicity on the United States west coast following the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T15:22:01.201242","indexId":"70026246","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Remotely triggered seismicity on the United States west coast following the <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.9 Denali fault earthquake","title":"Remotely triggered seismicity on the United States west coast following the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.9 Denali fault earthquake in central Alaska of 3 November 2002 triggered earthquakes across western North America at epicentral distances of up to at least 3660 km. We describe the spatial and temporal development of triggered activity in California and the Pacific Northwest, focusing on Mount Rainier, the Geysers geothermal field, the Long Valley caldera, and the Coso geothermal field.</p><p id=\"p-2\">The onset of triggered seismicity at each of these areas began during the Love and Raleigh waves of the <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.9 wave train, which had dominant periods of 15 to 40 sec, indicating that earthquakes were triggered locally by dynamic stress changes due to low-frequency surface wave arrivals. Swarms during the wave train continued for ∼4 min (Mount Rainier) to ∼40 min (the Geysers) after the surface wave arrivals and were characterized by spasmodic bursts of small (<i>M</i> ≤ 2.5) earthquakes. Dynamic stresses within the surface wave train at the time of the first triggered earthquakes ranged from 0.01 MPa (Coso) to 0.09 MPa (Mount Rainier). In addition to the swarms that began during the surface wave arrivals, Long Valley caldera and Mount Rainier experienced unusually large seismic swarms hours to days after the Denali fault earthquake. These swarms seem to represent a delayed response to the Denali fault earthquake. The occurrence of spatially and temporally distinct swarms of triggered seismicity at the same site suggests that earthquakes may be triggered by more than one physical process.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040610","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S., Hill, D., Brodsky, E.E., Hough, S., Johnston, M., Malone, S.D., Oppenheimer, D.H., Pitt, A., and Richards-Dinger, K.B., 2004, Remotely triggered seismicity on the United States west coast following the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. 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      ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa71fe4b0c8380cd85230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, S. G. 0000-0003-0510-1989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":18935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brodsky, E. E.","contributorId":108285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malone, S. D.","contributorId":48310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oppenheimer, D. H.","contributorId":18395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pitt, A.D.","contributorId":41440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Richards-Dinger, K. B.","contributorId":92465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards-Dinger","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70184507,"text":"70184507 - 2004 - In situ expression of nifD in Geobacteraceae in subsurface sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:21:52","indexId":"70184507","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ expression of nifD in Geobacteraceae in subsurface sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to determine whether the metabolic state of </span><i>Geobacteraceae</i><span> involved in bioremediation of subsurface sediments might be inferred from levels of mRNA for key genes, in situ expression of </span><i>nifD</i><span>, a highly conserved gene involved in nitrogen fixation, was investigated. When </span><i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i><span> was grown without a source of fixed nitrogen in chemostats with acetate provided as the limiting electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor, levels of </span><i>nifD</i><span> transcripts were 4 to 5 orders of magnitude higher than in chemostat cultures provided with ammonium. In contrast, the number of transcripts of </span><i>recA</i><span> and the 16S rRNA gene were slightly lower in the absence of ammonium. The addition of acetate to organic- and nitrogen-poor subsurface sediments stimulated the growth of </span><i>Geobacteraceae</i><span> and Fe(III) reduction, as well as the expression of </span><i>nifD</i><span> in </span><i>Geobacteraceae</i><span>. Levels of </span><i>nifD</i><span> transcripts in </span><i>Geobacteraceae</i><span> decreased more than 100-fold within 2 days after the addition of 100 μM ammonium, while levels of </span><i>recA</i><span> and total bacterial 16S rRNA in </span><i>Geobacteraceae</i><span> remained relatively constant. Ammonium amendments had no effect on rates of Fe(III) reduction in acetate-amended sediments or toluene degradation in petroleum-contaminated sediments, suggesting that other factors, such as the rate that </span><i>Geobacteraceae</i><span> could access Fe(III) oxides, limited Fe(III) reduction. These results demonstrate that it is possible to monitor one aspect of the in situ metabolic state of </span><i>Geobacteraceae</i><span> species in subsurface sediments via analysis of mRNA levels, which is the first step toward a more global analysis of in situ gene expression related to nutrient status and stress response during bioremediation by </span><i>Geobacteraceae</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.12.7251-7259.2004","usgsCitation":"Holmes, D.E., Nevin, K.P., and Lovely, D.R., 2004, In situ expression of nifD in Geobacteraceae in subsurface sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 12, p. 7251-7259, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.12.7251-7259.2004.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"7251","endPage":"7259","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/535187","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Dawn E.","contributorId":184220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevin, Kelly P.","contributorId":184229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nevin","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovely, Derek R.","contributorId":184232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovely","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182514,"text":"70182514 - 2004 - Growth and collapse of Waianae volcano, Hawaii, as revealed by exploration of its submarine flanks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T10:51:47","indexId":"70182514","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and collapse of Waianae volcano, Hawaii, as revealed by exploration of its submarine flanks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wai‘anae Volcano comprises the western half of O‘ahu Island, but until recently little was known about the submarine portion of this volcano. Seven new submersible dives, conducted in 2001 and 2002, and multibeam bathymetry offshore of Wai‘anae provide evidence pertaining to the overall growth of the volcano's edifice as well as the timing of collapses that formed the Wai‘anae slump complex. A prominent slope break at ∼1400 mbsl marks the paleoshoreline of Wai‘anae at the end of its shield-building stage and wraps around Ka‘ena Ridge, suggesting that this may have been an extension of Wai‘anae's northwest rift zone. Subaerially erupted tholeiitic lavas were collected from a small shield along the crest of Ka‘ena Ridge. The length of Wai‘anae's south rift zone is poorly constrained but reaches at least 65 km on the basis of recovered tholeiite pillows at this distance from the volcano's center. Wai‘anae's growth was marked by multiple collapse and deformation events during and after its shield stage, resulting in the compound mass wasting features on the volcano's southwest flank (Wai‘anae slump complex). The slump complex, one of the largest in Hawai‘i, covering an area of ∼5500 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, is composed of several distinct sections on the basis of morphology and the lithologies of recovered samples. Two dives ascended the outer bench of the slump complex and collected predominantly low-S tholeiites that correlate with subaerial lavas erupted early during the volcano's shield stage, from 3.9 to 3.5 Ma. Pillow lavas from the outer bench have Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic values that overlap with previously published subaerial Wai‘anae lavas. On the basis of the compositions of the recovered samples, the main body of the slump complex, as represented by the outer bench, probably formed during and shortly after the early shield stage. To the southwest of the outer bench lies a broad debris field on the seafloor, interpreted to have formed by a catastrophic collapse event that breached the outer bench. A dive within the debris field recovered subaerially derived volcaniclastic rocks; analyzed glasses are tholeiitic and resemble early shield stage compositions. The breach may have then been filled by slumping material from the main volcanic edifice. Finally, atop the northern main body of the slump is a rotated landslide block that detached from the proximal part of Ka‘ena Ridge after the volcano's late shield stage (3.2 to 3.0 Ma). From the inner scarp of this block we recovered subaerially erupted tholeiitic pillow breccias and hyaloclastites that are systematically higher in alkalis and more fractionated than those collected from the outer bench. These rocks correlate compositionally with late shield-stage subaerial Kamaile‘unu lavas. None of the collected slump complex samples correlate with alkalic subaerial postshield lavas. Volcaniclastic rocks and glass disseminated in pelagic sediment, collected from north of Ka‘ena Ridge, originated from Wai‘anae's postshield stage and Ko‘olau's shield stage, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000717","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Clague, D.A., Moore, G.F., and Cousens, B., 2004, Growth and collapse of Waianae volcano, Hawaii, as revealed by exploration of its submarine flanks: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, no. 8, Q08006; 30 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000717.","productDescription":"Q08006; 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gc000717","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu; Waianae volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159.290771484375,\n              20.362652613510075\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.4176025390625,\n              20.362652613510075\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.4176025390625,\n              21.98889508056919\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.290771484375,\n              21.98889508056919\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.290771484375,\n              20.362652613510075\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c8e4b01ccd54fb27db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Gregory F.","contributorId":23306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cousens, Brian L.","contributorId":84038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cousens","given":"Brian L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185323,"text":"70185323 - 2004 - Response of predators to Western Sandpiper nest exclosures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T13:31:02","indexId":"70185323","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of predators to Western Sandpiper nest exclosures","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2001, predator exclosures were used to protect nests of the Western Sandpiper (</span><i>Calidris mauri</i><span>) in western Alaska. During the exclosure experiment, nest contents in exclosures had significantly higher daily survival rates than control nests, however, late in the study predators began to cue in on exclosures and predate the nest contents. An Arctic Fox (</span><i>Alopex lagopus</i><span>) dug under one exclosure and took the newly hatched chicks, and Long-tailed Jaegers (</span><i>Stercorarius longicaudus</i><span>) learned to associate exclosures with active nests and repeatedly visited them. The jaegers attempted to gain access to exclosed nests and pursued adult sandpipers as they emerged from the exclosures. The exclosures were removed to reduce potential mortality to adult and young sandpipers, but subsequently, post-exclosure nests had lower daily survival rates than controls during the same time period. Predation of post-exclosure eggs and chicks highlighted the lasting influence of the exclosure treatment on offspring survival because predators probably remembered nest locations. Researchers are urged to use caution when considering use of predator exclosures in areas where jaegers occur.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0079:ROPTWS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Niehaus, A.C., Ruthrauff, D.R., and McCaffery, B.J., 2004, Response of predators to Western Sandpiper nest exclosures: Waterbirds, v. 27, no. 1, p. 79-82, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0079:ROPTWS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kanaryarmiut Field Station, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge ","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f6736d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niehaus, Amanda C.","contributorId":189557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niehaus","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCaffery, Brian J.","contributorId":37617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184482,"text":"70184482 - 2004 - Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic glacial meltwater stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:30:38","indexId":"70184482","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic glacial meltwater stream","docAbstract":"<p><span>McMurdo dry valleys of Antarctica represent the largest of the ice-free areas on the Antarctic continent, containing glaciers, meltwater streams, and closed basin lakes. Previous geochemical studies of dry valley streams and lakes have addressed chemical weathering reactions of hyporheic substrate and geochemical evolution of dry valley surface waters. We examine cation transport and exchange reactions during a stream tracer experiment in a dry valley glacial meltwater stream. The injection solution was composed of dissolved Li</span><sup>+</sup><span>, Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>, and Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span>. Chloride behaved conservatively in this stream, but Li</span><sup>+</sup><span>, Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, and K</span><sup>+</sup><span> were reactive to varying degrees. Mass balance analysis indicates that relative to Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span>, Li</span><sup>+</sup><span> and K</span><sup>+</sup><span> were taken up in downstream transport and Na</span><sup>+</sup><span> was released. Simulations of conservative and reactive (first-order uptake or generation) solute transport were made with the OTIS (one-dimensional solute transport with inflow and storage) model. Among the four experimental reaches of Green Creek, solute transport simulations reveal that Li</span><sup>+</sup><span> was removed from stream water in all four reaches, K</span><sup>+</sup><span> was released in two reaches, taken up in one reach, and Na</span><sup>+</sup><span> was released in all four reaches. Hyporheic sediments appear to be variable with uptake of Li</span><sup>+</sup><span> in two reaches, uptake of K</span><sup>+</sup><span> in one reach, release of K</span><sup>+</sup><span> in two reaches, and uptake of Na</span><sup>+</sup><span> in one reach. Mass balances of the conservative and reactive simulations show that from 1.05 to 2.19 moles of Li</span><sup>+</sup><span> was adsorbed per reach, but less than 0.3 moles of K</span><sup>+</sup><span> and less than 0.9 moles of Na</span><sup>+</sup><span> were released per reach. This suggests that either (1) exchange of another ion which was not analyzed in this experiment or (2) that both ion exchange and sorption control inorganic solute transport. The elevated cation concentrations introduced during the experiment are typical of initial flows in each flow season, which flush accumulated dry salts from the streambed. We propose that the bed sediments (which compose the hyporheic zone) modulate the flushing of these salts during initial flows each season, due to ion exchange and sorption reactions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1007/s10498-004-2260-4","usgsCitation":"Gooseff, M.N., McKnight, D.M., and Runkel, R.L., 2004, Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic glacial meltwater stream: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 3, p. 221-238, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-004-2260-4.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"221","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c945e4b0f37a93ee9b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":71880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026847,"text":"70026847 - 2004 - Spring onset in the Sierra Nevada: When is snowmelt independent of elevation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:10:17","indexId":"70026847","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring onset in the Sierra Nevada: When is snowmelt independent of elevation?","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Short-term climate and weather systems can have a strong influence on mountain snowmelt, sometimes overwhelming the effects of elevation and aspect. Although most years exhibit a spring onset that starts first at lowest and moves to highest elevations, in spring 2002, flow in a variety of streams within the Tuolumne and Merced River basins of the southern Sierra Nevada all rose synchronously on 29 March. Flow in streams draining small high-altitude glacial subcatchments rose at the same time as that draining much larger basins gauged at lower altitudes, and streams from north- and south-facing cirques rose and fell together. Historical analysis demonstrates that 2002 was one among only 8 yr with such synchronous flow onsets during the past 87 yr, recognized by having simultaneous onsets of snowmelt at over 70% of snow pillow sites, having discharge in over 70% of monitored streams increase simultaneously, and having temperatures increase over 12°C within a 5-day period. Synchronous springs tend to begin with a low pressure trough over California during late winter, followed by the onset of a strong ridge and unusually warm temperatures. Synchronous springs are characterized by warmer than average winters and cooler than average March temperatures in California. In the most elevation-dependent, nonsynchronous years, periods of little or no storm activity, with warmer than average March temperatures, precede the onset of spring snowmelt, allowing elevation and aspect to influence snowmelt as spring arrives gradually.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AMS","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0327:SOITSN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., Cayan, D., and Dettinger, M.D., 2004, Spring onset in the Sierra Nevada: When is snowmelt independent of elevation?: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 327-342, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0327:SOITSN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"342","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478127,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0327:soitsn>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0327:SOITSN>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9621e4b08c986b31b2f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184709,"text":"70184709 - 2004 - Introduction [to Issue 3]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T15:54:55","indexId":"70184709","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction [to Issue 3]","docAbstract":"<p>Artificial propagation of aquatic organisms is increasing globally and currently accounts for approximately 32% of total world fishery production (Vannuccini, 2004). Between 1970 and 2000, aquaculture production of salmonids has grown from less than 200,000 metric tons per year to over 1.5 million metric tons (Tacon, 2003). In 1995, the number of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) far exceeded the carrying capacity of salmon in the wild but over 94% of all adult Atlantic salmon were in aquaculture environments (Gross, 1998).</p><p>Since the 1970’s, concerns have arisen about interactions of hatchery and wild produced salmonids in native habitats. In response, research has addressed concerns about domestication and genetic impacts (Reisenbichler and McIntyre, 1977; Hindar et al., 1991; Waples, 1991; Clifford et al., 1998a; Fleming et al., 2000, 2002; Hard et al., 2000), transfer of disease and parasites (Johnsen and Jensen, 1994; Bakke and Harris, 1998), behavior of spawning adults (Fleming and Gross, 1992; Fleming et al., 1994; Økland et al., 1995; Youngston et al., 1998), differences in fitness traits and life history (Jonsson et al., 1991; Thodesen et al., 1999; McGinnity et al., 2003), and behavioral interactions between hatchery and wild juvenile salmon (Swain and Riddell, 1990; Johnsson et al., 1996; Clifford et al., 1998b). Much of this research has been driven by concerns about the impacts of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic Ocean (Hansen et al., 1991). Studies of the interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids, with few exceptions (see Myers et al., 2000), have primarily focused on interactions in freshwater environments.</p><p>Interactions between hatchery and wild fishes in estuarine and marine environments have not received the same attention, but may have signifi- cant impacts on wild populations. To address this issue, we organized a symposium held at the 2003 annual meeting of the Western Division of the American Fisheries Society in San Diego, California. The session was titled Interactions of Hatchery and Wild Fishes in Marine and Estuarine Environments and included nine presentations. All but one presentation focused on salmonids. This Special Issue of Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries includes five papers that were submitted to the symposium.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s11160-005-3618-4","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., and Nielsen, J.L., 2004, Introduction [to Issue 3]: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 14, no. 3, p. 301-303, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-005-3618-4.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","publicComments":"Issue 3 of Volume 14 is a Special Issue, containing papers presented at the 2003 annual meeting of the Western Division of the American Fisheries Society (San Diego, California). The session from which these papers were drawn was titled <i>Interactions of hatchery and wild fishes in marine and estuarine environments.</i>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c942e4b0f37a93ee9b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026590,"text":"70026590 - 2004 - Frequency-dependent <i>Lg Q</i> within the continental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T15:43:26","indexId":"70026590","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency-dependent <i>Lg Q</i> within the continental United States","docAbstract":"Frequency-dependent crustal attenuation (1/<i>Q</i>) is determined for seven distinct physiographic/tectonic regions of the continental United States using high-quality <i>Lg</i> waveforms recorded on broadband stations in the frequency band 0.5 to 16 Hz. <i>Lg</i> attenuation is determined from time-domain amplitude measurements in one-octave frequency bands centered on the frequencies 0.75, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 Hz. Modeling errors are determined using a delete-j jackknife resampling technique. The frequency-dependent quality factor is modeled in the form of <i>Q</i> = <i>Q<sub>0</sub></i> <i>f</i>η. Regions were initially selected based on tectonic provinces but were eventually limited and adjusted to maximize ray path coverage in each area. Earthquake data was recorded on several different networks and constrained to events occurring within the crust (&lt;40 km depth) and at least <i>m</i><sub>b</sub> 3.5 in size. A singular value decomposition inversion technique was applied to the data to simultaneously solve for source and receiver terms along with <i>Q</i> for each region at specific frequencies. The lowest crustal <i>Q</i> was observed in northern and southern California where <i>Q</i> is described by the functions <i>Q</i> = 152(±37)<i>f</i><sup>0.72(±0.16)</sup> and <i>Q</i> = 105(±26)<i>f</i><sup>0.67(±0.16)</sup>, respectively. The Basin and Range Province, Pacific Northwest, and Rocky Mountain states also display lower <i>Q</i> and a strong frequency dependence characterized by the functions <i>Q</i> = 200(±40)<i>f</i><sup>0.68(±0.12)</sup>, <i>Q</i> = 152(±49)<i>f</i><sup>0.76(±0.18)</sup>, and <i>Q</i> = 166(±37)<i>f</i><sup>0.61(±0.14)</sup>, respectively. In contrast, in the central and northeast United States <i>Q</i> functions are <i>Q</i> = 640(±225)<i>f</i><sup>0.344(±0.22)</sup> and <i>Q</i> = 650(±143)<i>f</i><sup>0.36(±0.14)</sup>, respectively, show a high crustal <i>Q</i> and a weaker frequency dependence. These results improve upon previous <i>Lg</i> modeling by subdividing the United States into smaller, distinct tectonic regions and using significantly more data that provide improved constraints on frequency-dependent attenuation and errors. A detailed attenuation map of the continental United States can provide significant input into hazard map mitigation. Both scattering and intrinsic attenuation mechanisms are likely to play a comparable role in the frequency range considered in the study.<br>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/012003218","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Erickson, D., McNamara, D., and Benz, H., 2004, Frequency-dependent <i>Lg Q</i> within the continental United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1630-1643, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003218.","startPage":"1630","endPage":"1643","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208602,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/012003218"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n    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