{"pageNumber":"268","pageRowStart":"6675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11003,"records":[{"id":70231419,"text":"70231419 - 2000 - Climate variability in east-central California during the past 1000 years reflected by high-resolution geochemical and isotopic records from Owens Lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T14:29:27.253578","indexId":"70231419","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T09:21:45","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate variability in east-central California during the past 1000 years reflected by high-resolution geochemical and isotopic records from Owens Lake sediments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge","doi":"10.1006/qres.2000.2163","usgsCitation":"Li, H., Bischoff, J.L., Ku, T., Lundblad, S.P., and Stott, L.D., 2000, Climate variability in east-central California during the past 1000 years reflected by high-resolution geochemical and isotopic records from Owens Lake sediments: Quaternary Research, v. 54, no. 2, p. 189-197, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2163.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79266357421874,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79266357421874,\n              36.62875385775956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.62875385775956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Hong-Chun","contributorId":7204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Hong-Chun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ku, Teh-Lung","contributorId":291580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ku","given":"Teh-Lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lundblad, Steven P.","contributorId":223774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundblad","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37291,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stott, Lowell D.","contributorId":224071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stott","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":21579,"text":"ofr00239 - 2000 - Analytical data for reconnaissance geochemical samples from mine dumps, stream sediments and waters at the Thompson Creek Tungsten Mine, Custer County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:45:29","indexId":"ofr00239","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-239","title":"Analytical data for reconnaissance geochemical samples from mine dumps, stream sediments and waters at the Thompson Creek Tungsten Mine, Custer County, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The Thompson Creek mine is an inactive and abandoned tungsten mine located along Thompson Creek about 10.5 miles (17 km) northwest of Clayton, Idaho (see location map in file LOCATION.PDF). The mine consisted initially of open pit mining of outcrops and later of underground workings accessed by a single adit. The mine was worked through 1955 and waste piles presently reside in the flood plain above the east bank of Thompson Creek. A view of the collapsed adit is provided in the TIFF (Tagged-Image File Format) file ADIT.TIF (all photographs taken on 08/13/99). A south-facing view of the mine waste dumps is provided in the TIFF file SOUTH.TIF and a north-facing view is provided in NORTH.TIF. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00239","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., Eppinger, R., Hammarstrom, J.M., Briggs, P., Crock, J., Gent, C., Meier, A.L., Sutley, S.J., and Theodorakos, P.M., 2000, Analytical data for reconnaissance geochemical samples from mine dumps, stream sediments and waters at the Thompson Creek Tungsten Mine, Custer County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-239, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00239.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1240,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db67ff92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, B. S. 0000-0003-4214-3811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":97907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"B.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gent, C.","contributorId":45737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Theodorakos, P. M.","contributorId":12500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":32318,"text":"ofr99474 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Des Moines River, Upper Des Moines River, and East Fork Des Moines River basins, southern Minnesota and northern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T21:51:45.963931","indexId":"ofr99474","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-474","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Des Moines River, Upper Des Moines River, and East Fork Des Moines River basins, southern Minnesota and northern Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Des Moines River, Upper Des Moines River, and East Fork Des Moines River Basins, located in southwestern Minnesota, and northwestern Iowa, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr99474","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Des Moines River, Upper Des Moines River, and East Fork Des Moines River basins, southern Minnesota and northern Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-474, Report: 10 p.; 1 Plate: 45.00 x 33.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99474.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 1 Plate: 45.00 x 33.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanocki, Christopher A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70093577,"text":"70093577 - 2000 - Comment on “Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-28T12:52:32.775209","indexId":"70093577","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-19T13:50:34","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion”","docAbstract":"<p>In a recent article (<i>Eos, Trans., AGU</i>, February 8, 2000, p.55), Leatherman et al. [2000] state that they have confirmed an association between sea-level rise and coastal erosion. Applying their results to the New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland coasts and using a projected sea-level rise, the authors predict that by 2050 the shoreline will recede 60 m, about two times the average beach width.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>However, Leatherman et al. [2000] have not convincingly quantified a relationship between sea-level rise and shoreline erosion.We do not agree with their rationale for subsetting their data, and they have not considered other explanations for a background erosion along the U.S. east coast. Furthermore, their future projections are not supported by their analyses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO081i038p00436-02","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, Morton, R., Fletcher, C., Thieler, E.R., and Howd, P., 2000, Comment on “Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion”: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 81, no. 38, p. 436-436, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO081i038p00436-02.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"436","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/eo081i038p00436-02","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.31,28.11 ], [ -94.31,42.16 ], [ -71.15,42.16 ], [ -71.15,28.11 ], [ -94.31,28.11 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"81","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51dde4b0b290850f42b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Jr.","contributorId":105768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Robert","contributorId":49701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Charles","contributorId":66170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howd, Peter","contributorId":24656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70126200,"text":"70126200 - 2000 - Mercury in Long Island Sound sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:27:42","indexId":"70126200","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-19T11:54:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in Long Island Sound sediments","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) concentrations were measured in 394 surface and core samples from Long Island Sound (LIS). The surface sediment Hg concentration data show a wide spread, ranging from <50 ppb Hg in eastern LIS to >600 ppb Hg in westernmost LIS. Part of the observed range is related to variations in the bottom sedimentary environments, with higher Hg concentrations in the muddy depositional areas of central and western LIS. A strong residual trend of higher Hg values to the west remains when the data are normalized to grain size. Relationships between a tracer for sewage effluents (C. perfringens) and Hg concentrations indicate that between 0-50 % of the Hg is derived from sewage sources for most samples from the western and central basins. A higher percentage of sewage-derived Hg is found in samples from the westernmost section of LIS and in some local spots near urban centers. The remainder of the Hg is carried into the Sound with contaminated sediments from the watersheds and a small fraction enters the Sound as in situ atmospheric deposition. The Hg-depth profiles of several cores have well-defined contamination profiles that extend to pre-industrial background values. These data indicate that the Hg levels in the Sound have increased by a factor of 5-6 over the last few centuries, but Hg levels in LIS sediments have declined in modern times by up to 30 %. The concentrations of C. perfringens increased exponentially in the top core sections which had declining Hg concentrations, suggesting a recent decline in Hg fluxes that are unrelated to sewage effluents. The observed spatial and historical trends show Hg fluxes to LIS from sewage effluents, contaminated sediment input from the Connecticut River, point source inputs of strongly contaminated sediment from the Housatonic River, variations in the abundance of Hg carrier phases such as TOC and Fe, and focusing of sediment-bound Hg in association with westward sediment transport within the Sound.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Varekamp, J., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Mecray, E., and Kreulen, B., 2000, Mercury in Long Island Sound sediments: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 613-626.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"626","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294219,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300074"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut;New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.827,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,40.7578 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d459ee4b0f68901ec30c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varekamp, J.C.","contributorId":56006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varekamp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mecray, E.I.","contributorId":81814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"E.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kreulen, B.","contributorId":48741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreulen","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70125358,"text":"70125358 - 2000 - A review of the geologic framework of the Long Island Sound Basin, with some observations relating to postglacial sedimentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:40:01","indexId":"70125358","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-16T13:09:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of the geologic framework of the Long Island Sound Basin, with some observations relating to postglacial sedimentation","docAbstract":"<p>Most of the papers in this thematic section present regional perspectives that build on more than 100 years of geologic investigation in Long Island Sound. When viewed collectively, a common theme emerges in these works. The major geologic components of the Long Island Sound basin (bedrock, buried coastal-plain strata, recessional moraines, glacial-lake deposits, and the remains of a large marine delta) interact with the water body to affect the way the modern sedimentary system functions.</p><p>Previous work, along with our present knowledge of the geologic framework of the Long Island Sound basin, is comprehensively reviewed with this theme in mind. Aspects of the crystalline bedrock, and the deltaic deposits associated with glacial Lake Connecticut, are examined with respect to their influence on sedimentation along the Connecticut coast and in the northern and western Sound. We also discuss the influence of the glacial drift that mantles the coastal-plain remnant along the north shore of Long Island and in the southern Sound.</p><p>A total of approximately 22.7 billion m<sup>3</sup> of marine sediment has accumulated in the Long Island Sound basin. A significant portion (44%) of the fine-grained marine section in the central and western basins was redistributed there from the eastern Sound, as tidal scour removed slightly over 5 billion m<sup>3</sup> (5.3 X 10<sup>12</sup> kg) of fine material from glacial lake and early-marine deposits east of the Connecticut River. The remainder of the estimated 1.2 X 10<sup>13</sup> kg of fine-grained marine sediment that now resides in the central and western Sound can be accounted for by riverine input over the past 13.5 ka.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Lewis, R., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2000, A review of the geologic framework of the Long Island Sound Basin, with some observations relating to postglacial sedimentation: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 522-532.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"532","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293965,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.fcla.edu/jcr/article/view/80857"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.826969,40.757828 ], [ -73.826969,41.329272 ], [ -72.024425,41.329272 ], [ -72.024425,40.757828 ], [ -73.826969,40.757828 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195120e4b091c7ffc8e57b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Ralph S.","contributorId":9288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Ralph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary L. 0000-0003-2384-8912 mdicohen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-8912","contributorId":2527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"Mary","email":"mdicohen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70125344,"text":"70125344 - 2000 - Protection of fish spawning habitat for the conservation of warm-temperature reef-fish fisheries of shelf-edge reefs of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T18:53:14","indexId":"70125344","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-16T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protection of fish spawning habitat for the conservation of warm-temperature reef-fish fisheries of shelf-edge reefs of Florida","docAbstract":"We mapped and briefly describe the surficial geology of selected examples of shelf-edge reefs (50–120 m deep) of the southeastern United States, which are apparently derived from ancient Pleistocene shorelines and are intermittently distributed throughout the region. These reefs are ecologically significant because they support a diverse array of fish and invertebrate species, and they are the only aggregation spawning sites of gag (<i>Mycteroperca microlepis</i>), scamp (<i>M. phenax</i>), and other economically important reef fish. Our studies on the east Florida shelf in the Experimental <i>Oculina</i> Research Reserve show that extensive damage to the habitat-structuring coral <i>Oculina varicosa</i> has occurred in the past, apparently from trawling and dredging activities of the 1970s and later. On damaged or destroyed <i>Oculina</i> habitat, reef-fish abundance and diversity are low, whereas on intact habitat, reef-fish diversity is relatively high compared to historical diversity on the same site. The abundance and biomass of the economically important reef fish was much higher in the past than it is now, and spawning aggregations of gag and scamp have been lost or greatly reduced in size. On the west Florida shelf, fishers have concentrated on shelf-edge habitats for over 100 yrs, but fishing intensity increased dramatically in the 1980s. Those reefs are characterized by low abundance of economically important species. The degree and extent of habitat damage there is unknown. We recommend marine fishery reserves to protect habitat and for use in experimentally examining the potential production of unfished communities.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Miami","usgsCitation":"Koenig, C., Coleman, F., Grimes, C.B., Fitzhugh, G.R., Scanlon, K.M., Gledhill, C.T., and Grace, M., 2000, Protection of fish spawning habitat for the conservation of warm-temperature reef-fish fisheries of shelf-edge reefs of Florida: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 66, no. 3, p. 593-616.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"616","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293951,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/2000/00000066/00000003/art00008#expand/collapse"}],"country":"United 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R.","contributorId":70307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzhugh","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gledhill, Christopher T.","contributorId":61355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gledhill","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grace, Mark","contributorId":18286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70125330,"text":"70125330 - 2000 - Sea-floor environments within Long Island Sound: A regional overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:10:22","indexId":"70125330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-16T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-floor environments within Long Island Sound: A regional overview","docAbstract":"<p>Modern sea-floor sedimentary environments within the glaciated, topographically complex Long Island Sound estuary have been interpreted and mapped from an extensive collection of sidescan sonographs, bottom samples, and video-camera observations together with supplemental bathymetric, marine-geologic, and bottom-current data. Four categories of environments are present that reflect the dominant long-term processes of erosion or nondeposition; coarsegrained bedload transport; sediment sorting and reworking; and fine-grained deposition. (1) Environments of erosion or nondeposition contain exposures of glacial drift, coarse lag deposits, and possibly bedrock and include sediments which range from boulder fields to gravelly coarse-to-medium sands. (2) Environments of coarse-grained bedload transport are mantled by sand ribbons and sand waves and contain mostly coarse-to-fine sands with only small amounts of mud. (3) Environments of sediment sorting and reworking comprise both uniform and heterogeneous sediment types and contain variable amounts of fine sand and mud. (4) Environments of fine-grained deposition are blanketed by muds and sandy muds.</p>\n<br> \n<p>The patchy distribution of sedimentary environments within Long Island Sound reflects both regional and local changes in bottom processes. Regional changes are primarily the result of a strong, east-to-west decreasing gradient of bottom tidal-current speeds, coupled with the net (westward) estuarine bottom drift. The regional current regime has produced a westward succession of environments along the basin floor beginning with erosion or nondeposition at the narrow eastern entrance to the Sound, changing to an extensive area of coarse-grained bedload transport, passing into a contiguous band of sediment sorting, and ending with broad areas of fine-grained deposition in the central and western Sound. However, local changes in processes are superimposed on the regional conditions within the central and western parts of the basin and along the nearshore margins. Within the central and western basin, localized sedimentary environments are produced where the bottom flow is enhanced by, and interacts with, the bottom topography, whereas along the nearshore margins, they variously reflect wave-produced currents, the irregular bathymetry, the indented shoreline, and the proximal supply of sediments.</p>\n<br> \n<p>Results from this study (1) confirm the high trapping efficiency of fine-grained sediments in the Sound, (2) suggest that fine-grained sediments accumulate at an average (regional) rate of 0.08 g/cm<sup>2</sup>/y , and (3) indicate that the postglacial delta in the eastern Sound was a significant source of fine-grained sediments now buried beneath depositional areas.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., and Poppe, L., 2000, Sea-floor environments within Long Island Sound: A regional overview: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 533-550.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293942,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/view/4300069"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.827,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,40.7578 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195153e4b091c7ffc8e832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70124921,"text":"70124921 - 2000 - Modern pollen deposition in Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:30:05","indexId":"70124921","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-12T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern pollen deposition in Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"Palynological analyses of 20 surface sediment samples collected from Long Island Sound show a pollen assemblage dominated by <i>Carya, Betula, Pinus, Quercus, Tsuga</i>, and <i>Ambrosia</i>, as is consistent with the regional vegetation. No trends in relative abundance of these pollen types occur either from west to east or associated with modern riverine inputs throughout the basin. Despite the large-scale, long-term removal of fine-grained sediment from winnowed portions of the eastern Sound, the composition of the pollen and spore component of the sedimentary matrix conforms to a basin-wide homogeneous signal. These results strongly support the use of select regional palynological boundaries as chronostratigraphic tools to provide a framework for interpretation of the late glacial and Holocene history of the Long Island Sound basin sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Beuning, K.R., Fransen, L., Nakityo, B., Mecray, E.L., and Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., 2000, Modern pollen deposition in Long Island Sound: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 656-662.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"662","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293806,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.fcla.edu/jcr/article/view/80870"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.827,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,40.7578 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b22e4b082fed288b929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beuning, Kristina R.M.","contributorId":70306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beuning","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fransen, Lindsey","contributorId":23081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fransen","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakityo, Berna","contributorId":89812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakityo","given":"Berna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mecray, Ellen L.","contributorId":50887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":67519,"text":"i2607 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Fredericksburg 30' x 60' quadrangle, Virginia and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:51:41","indexId":"i2607","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2607","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the Fredericksburg 30' x 60' quadrangle, Virginia and Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2607","isbn":"0607951974","usgsCitation":"Mixon, R.B., Pavlides, L., Powars, D.S., Froelich, A., Weems, R.E., Schindler, J.S., Newell, W.L., Edwards, L.E., and Ward, L.W., 2000, Geologic map of the Fredericksburg 30' x 60' quadrangle, Virginia and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2607, Report: 40 p.; 2 Plates: 58.00 x 41.00 inches and 56.00 x 41.00 inches; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2607.","productDescription":"Report: 40 p.; 2 Plates: 58.00 x 41.00 inches and 56.00 x 41.00 inches; Database","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91690,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2607/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91692,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2607/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110111,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_32196.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"32196"},{"id":186446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2607/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91691,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2607/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Virginia, Maryland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,38 ], [ -78,38.5 ], [ -77,38.5 ], [ -77,38 ], [ -78,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mixon, R. B.","contributorId":11235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlides, Louis","contributorId":79444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlides","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":276526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":276521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Froelich, A.J.","contributorId":13593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":276524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":276528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L. wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":276520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ward, L. W.","contributorId":58704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70228813,"text":"70228813 - 2000 - Sedimentary record of the California Current system, middle Miocene to Holocene: A synthesis of Leg 167 results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T16:26:30.612609","indexId":"70228813","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-31T10:06:16","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5640,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","onlineIssn":"1096-7451","printIssn":"0884-5891","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"167","chapter":"32","title":"Sedimentary record of the California Current system, middle Miocene to Holocene: A synthesis of Leg 167 results","docAbstract":"<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 167, the California continental margin was drilled from about 30°N to 42°N to sample high-resolution paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic records in the California Current system. Because of typically high sedimentation rates along the margin (80 to &gt;200 m/m.y.), drilling has proved necessary to collect late Pleistocene sedimentary records that usually are sampled by standard piston cores in other oceanic regions. Triple piston coring on Leg 167 enabled us to construct continuous submillennial paleoceanographic records to about 2 Ma. In the offshore drill sites, continuous records were constructed into the Miocene. The oldest sediments recovered on Leg 167 have an age of ~14 Ma.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">The California margin has an active diagenetic system driven by the degradation of organic matter. Leg 167 drilling provided a means to quantify the diagenetic processes within the deep sediment column and to study the links between sediment diagenesis and primary productivity.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">This synthesis chapter also documents the oceanographic variability along the California margin at all time scales, from 10<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>yr. Millennial-scale variability is found in Santa Barbara Basin (drilled during Leg 146) and in nearby basins drilled during Leg 167. Leg 167 cores also captured millennial-scale variability in the northern and central California margin. Orbitally forced insolation changes invoke a strong response throughout the California margin. Sea-surface temperature (SST) measured by the alkenone<span> U<sup>k'</sup><sub>37</sub></span><span>&nbsp;</span>paleothermometer is highly coherent with the oxygen isotope record, being cold in glacials and much warmer in interglacials. Faunal and floral plankton assemblages vary strongly on the glacial-interglacial scale. Coastal plant communities show a glacial-interglacial variability that is most pronounced in the north, near the Cordilleran Ice Sheet.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Major changes in the sediments prior to the Pleistocene mark major late Neogene oceanographic events. Opaline silica burial in the middle and upper Miocene sections have step-like drops from high opal deposition in the middle Miocene. One major drop occurs at ~11 Ma and is roughly correlative with the eastern equatorial Pacific Miocene carbonate crash. A second major drop occurs at about 8 Ma, equivalent in age to the end of the Monterey Formation. A third drop occurs slightly younger than the end of the Miocene.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">A lower Pliocene interval, roughly from 5 to 4.2 Ma, is low in all biogenic components. It separates the Miocene high-opal sediments from upper Pliocene high-carbonate sediments. High CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>deposition occurred all along the entire California margin in the late Pliocene, but CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>burial dropped abruptly with the beginning of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (2.6 Ma).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.167.238.2000","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Science Foundation and Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Lyle, M., Koizumi, I., Delaney, M.L., and Barron, J.A., 2000, Sedimentary record of the California Current system, middle Miocene to Holocene: A synthesis of Leg 167 results: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 167, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.167.238.2000.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"376","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Baja California, California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.96972656249999,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.60546875,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.60546875,\n              38.47939467327645\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37744140625,\n              29.286398892934763\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4443359375,\n              29.7453016622136\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.19140625,\n              31.22219703210317\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18017578125,\n              33.32134852669881\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.30029296875,\n              34.75966612466248\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.1572265625,\n              35.94243575255426\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96972656249999,\n              40.36328834091583\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96972656249999,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyle, Mitchell","contributorId":99035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"Mitchell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koizumi, Itaru","contributorId":279870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koizumi","given":"Itaru","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16855,"text":"Hokkaido University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delaney, Margaret L.","contributorId":13101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188659,"text":"70188659 - 2000 - PCBs, liver lesions, and biomarker responses in adult walleye (Stizostedium vitreum vitreum) collected from Green Bay, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T15:35:37","indexId":"70188659","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"PCBs, liver lesions, and biomarker responses in adult walleye (<i>Stizostedium vitreum vitreum</i>) collected from Green Bay, Wisconsin","title":"PCBs, liver lesions, and biomarker responses in adult walleye (Stizostedium vitreum vitreum) collected from Green Bay, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adult walleye were collected from several locations in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin (the assessment area) and two relatively uncontaminated reference locations (Lake Winnebago and Patten Lake, Wisconsin) between July and October in 1996 and 1997. Whole body and liver samples collected in 1996 were analyzed for total PCBs, PCB congeners, and liver histological lesions. Follow-up sampling in 1997 included examination of liver histopathology, PCBs in liver samples, measurement of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, immunological evaluation of kidney and blood samples, measurement of plasma vitellogenin, and examination of tissues for parasites as well as bacterial and viral infections. Mean PCB concentrations in whole body and liver samples were elevated in assessment area walleye (4.6 to 8.6 and 3.6 to 6.4 mg/kg wet weight, respectively) compared to PCB concentrations in reference areas (0.04 mg/kg in walleye fillets from Lake Winnebago). A significant (p</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.01) elevation was observed in the prevalence (26%) of hepatic preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration (FCA) and neoplasms in 5 to 8 year old walleye collected from the assessment area, compared to reference area fish (6% prevalence). Walleye from the assessment area also contained multiple FCA and hepatic tumors per liver sample, whereas no tumors and a reduced prevalence of FCA were observed in reference area walleye. Both tumors and FCA were more prevalent in female fish than in male fish within the 5 to 8 year age classes. There were no remarkable effects on immunological parameters in assessment area walleye, although hematocrit was elevated and blood monocyte counts were 40% lower than those of reference area fish. The data did not show any clear distinctions in the prevalence of disease between reference and assessment area walleye. EROD activity was similar in assessment area and reference area walleye. Plasma vitellogenin was elevated in female walleye from eastern Green Bay, but was not detected in male fish from this location. The results of this investigation demonstrate significant elevation in hepatic preneoplastic lesions and hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in assessment area walleye exposed to elevated concentrations of PCBs. These histopathological lesions are consistent with long-term exposure to tumor promoters such as PCBs, although quantitative association between tumors and PCBs was not observed at the level of the individual fish. Additional research would be needed to elucidate the causal mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(00)70691-5","usgsCitation":"Barron, M.G., Anderson, M.J., Cacela, D., Lipton, J., Teh, S.J., Hinton, D.E., Zelikoff, J.T., Dikkeboom, A.L., Tillitt, D.E., Holey, M., and Denslow, N., 2000, PCBs, liver lesions, and biomarker responses in adult walleye (Stizostedium vitreum vitreum) collected from Green Bay, Wisconsin: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 26, no. 3, p. 250-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(00)70691-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Green Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.7857666015625,\n              43.65594991256823\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9185791015625,\n              43.65594991256823\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9185791015625,\n              46.137976523476574\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.7857666015625,\n              46.137976523476574\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.7857666015625,\n              43.65594991256823\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a3429e4b062508e36af5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, Mace G.","contributorId":150751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barron","given":"Mace","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":18090,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Michael J.","contributorId":174947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cacela, Dave","contributorId":193135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cacela","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36281,"text":"Abt Associates, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipton, Joshua","contributorId":172780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipton","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Teh, Swee J.","contributorId":104392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teh","given":"Swee","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hinton, David E.","contributorId":193136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zelikoff, Judith T.","contributorId":193137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zelikoff","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dikkeboom, Audrey L.","contributorId":193138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dikkeboom","given":"Audrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Holey, Mark","contributorId":11151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holey","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy","contributorId":26268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":22800,"text":"ofr00260 - 2000 - Data for Quaternary faults, liquefaction features, and possible tectonic features in the Central and Eastern United States, east of the Rocky Mountain Front","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr00260","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-260","title":"Data for Quaternary faults, liquefaction features, and possible tectonic features in the Central and Eastern United States, east of the Rocky Mountain Front","docAbstract":"The USGS is currently leading an effort to compile published geological information on\r\nQuaternary faults, folds, and earthquake-induced liquefaction in order to develop an internally\r\nconsistent database on the locations, ages, and activity rates of major earthquake-related features\r\nthroughout the United States. This report is the compilation for such features in the\r\nCentral and Eastern United States (CEUS), which for the purposes of the compilation, is\r\ndefined as the region extending from the Rocky Mountain Front eastward to the Atlantic\r\nseaboard. A key objective of this national compilation is to provide a comprehensive database\r\nof Quaternary features that might generate strong ground motion and therefore, should be considered\r\nin assessing the seismic hazard throughout the country. In addition to printed versions\r\nof regional and individual state compilations, the database will be available on the World-Wide\r\nWeb, where it will be readily available to everyone. The primary purpose of these compilations\r\nand the derivative database is to provide a comprehensive, uniform source of geological information\r\nthat can by used to complement the other types of data that are used in seismic-hazard\r\nassessments.\r\nWithin our CEUS study area, which encompasses more than 60 percent of the continuous U.S.,\r\nwe summarize the geological information on 69 features that are categorized into four classes\r\n(Class A, B, C, and D) based on what is known about the feature's Quaternary activity. The\r\nCEUS contains only 13 features of tectonic origin for which there is convincing evidence of\r\nQuaternary activity (Class A features). Of the remaining 56 features, 11 require further study in\r\norder to confidently define their potential as possible sources of earthquake-induced ground\r\nmotion (Class B), whereas the remaining features either lack convincing geologic evidence of\r\nQuaternary tectonic faulting or have been studied carefully enough to determine that they do not\r\npose a significant seismic hazard (Classes C and D).\r\nThe correlation between historical seismicity and Quaternary faults and liquefaction features\r\nin the CEUS is generally poor, which probably reflects the long return times between successive\r\nmovements on individual structures. Some Quaternary faults and liquefaction features\r\nare located in aseismic areas or where historical seismicity is sparse. These relations indicate\r\nthat the record of historical seismicity does not identify all potential seismic sources in the\r\nCEUS. Furthermore, geological studies of some currently aseismic faults have shown that the\r\nfaults have generated strong earthquakes in the geologically recent past. Thus, the combination\r\nof geological information and seismological data can provide better insight into potential\r\nearthquake sources and thereby, contribute to better, more comprehensive seismic-hazard\r\nassessments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00260","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Crone, A.J., and Wheeler, R.L., 2000, Data for Quaternary faults, liquefaction features, and possible tectonic features in the Central and Eastern United States, east of the Rocky Mountain Front: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-260, 342 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00260.","productDescription":"342 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1541,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c98f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67202,"text":"i2725 - 2000 - Geologic map and cross sections showing configurations of bedrock surfaces, Broken Bow 1° x 2° quadrangle, east-central Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T21:53:44.882093","indexId":"i2725","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2725","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map and cross sections showing configurations of bedrock surfaces, Broken Bow 1° x 2° quadrangle, east-central Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2725","isbn":"0607946105","usgsCitation":"Souders, V.L., 2000, Geologic map and cross sections showing configurations of bedrock surfaces, Broken Bow 1° x 2° quadrangle, east-central Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2725, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2725.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2725/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":187981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110096,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_28120.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"28120"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Broken Bow 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,41 ], [ -100,42 ], [ -98,42 ], [ -98,41 ], [ -100,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Souders, V. L.","contributorId":52666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souders","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":64763,"text":"i2628 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Littlefield 30' x 60' quadrangle, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T09:51:04","indexId":"i2628","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2628","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the Littlefield 30' x 60' quadrangle, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>This map is one result of the U.S. Geological Survey's intent to provide geologic map coverage and a better understanding of the transition in regional geology between the Basin and Range and Colorado Plateaus in southeastern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northwestern Arizona. Information gained from this regional study provides a better understanding of the tectonic and magmatic evolution of an area of extreme contrasts in late Mesozoic-early Tertiary compression, Cenozoic magmatism, and Cenozoic extension. This map is a synthesis of 32 new geologic maps encompassing the Littlefield 30' x 60' quadrangle, Arizona. Geologic information presented in this map and report may aid future land management decisions about land use, flood control, and environmental and range management programs for federal, state, and private agencies. The Littlefield 30' x 60' quadrangle encompasses approximately 3,100 km2 (1,937 mi2) of northwestern Arizona. The map area is bordered on the north by the Utah-Arizona state line and is approximately 5 km east of the Nevada- Arizona state line (see map). The quadrangle is bounded by long 113? to 114? and lat 36?30' to 37?. The east three-quarters of the map area is within the southwestern part of the Colorado Plateaus province (herein referred to as the Colorado Plateau), and the west quarter is within the Basin and Range province.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2628","isbn":"0607916826","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., and Workman, J.B., 2000, Geologic map of the Littlefield 30' x 60' quadrangle, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2628, Map: 39 x 49 inches; Pamphlet: 25 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2628.","productDescription":"Map: 39 x 49 inches; Pamphlet: 25 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":91429,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2628/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8218,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2628/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2628/lfdb.zip"},{"id":8219,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2628/lfreadme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":110104,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30333.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"30333"},{"id":187092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2628/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,36.5 ], [ -114,37 ], [ -113,37 ], [ -113,36.5 ], [ -114,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Workman, Jeremiah B. 0000-0001-7816-6420 jworkman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-6420","contributorId":714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"Jeremiah","email":"jworkman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":272110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":59599,"text":"mf2342 - 2000 - Geologic Map and Map Database of the Oakland Metropolitan Area, Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:27","indexId":"mf2342","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2342","title":"Geologic Map and Map Database of the Oakland Metropolitan Area, Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco Counties, California","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis report contains a new geologic map at 1:50,000 scale, derived from a set of geologic map databases containing information at a resolution associated with 1:24,000 scale, and a new description of geologic map units and structural relationships in the mapped area. The map database represents the integration of previously published reports and new geologic mapping and field checking by the author (see Sources of Data index map on the map sheet or the Arc-Info coverage pi-so and the textfile pi-so.txt). The descriptive text (below) contains new ideas about the Hayward fault and other faults in the East Bay fault system, as well as new ideas about the geologic units and their relations.\r\n\r\nThese new data are released in digital form in conjunction with the Federal Emergency Management Agency Project Impact in Oakland. The goal of Project Impact is to use geologic information in land-use and emergency services planning to reduce the losses occurring during earthquakes, landslides, and other hazardous geologic events. The USGS, California Division of Mines and Geology, FEMA, California Office of Emergency Services, and City of Oakland participated in the cooperative project.\r\n\r\nThe geologic data in this report were provided in pre-release form to other Project Impact scientists, and served as one of the basic data layers for the analysis of hazard related to earthquake shaking, liquifaction, earthquake induced landsliding, and rainfall induced landsliding.\r\n\r\nThe publication of these data provides an opportunity for regional planners, local, state, and federal agencies, teachers, consultants, and others outside Project Impact who are interested in geologic data to have the new data long before a traditional paper map could be published. Because the database contains information about both the bedrock and surficial deposits, it has practical applications in the study of groundwater and engineering of hillside materials, as well as the study of geologic hazards and the academic research on the geologic history and development of the region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2342","usgsCitation":"Graymer, R., 2000, Geologic Map and Map Database of the Oakland Metropolitan Area, Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco Counties, California (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2342, Packages; Individual Files (Pamphlet: 31 p., Map: 35 x 49 inches); Database Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2342.","productDescription":"Packages; Individual Files (Pamphlet: 31 p., Map: 35 x 49 inches); Database Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110100,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_29220.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"29220"},{"id":183657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9533,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/2342/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.36749999999999,37.6175 ], [ -122.36749999999999,38 ], [ -122,38 ], [ -122,37.6175 ], [ -122.36749999999999,37.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4866,"text":"ds57 - 2000 - Stratigraphic framework of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in central and eastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T14:10:57","indexId":"ds57","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57","title":"Stratigraphic framework of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in central and eastern Montana","docAbstract":"This study shows the lithology, thickness, distribution, and correlation of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in central and eastern Montana. The described stratigraphic units range from the Aptian Kootenai Formation (oldest) to the Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation (youngest). An included text report describes the units, and most formations or members are also represented by isopach maps. Structure contour maps of three horizons are also included. Correlations across the study area are shown on a series of cross sections. All text and illustrations are included as Adobe PDF files.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds57","isbn":"0607940220","usgsCitation":"Condon, S.M., 2000, Stratigraphic framework of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in central and eastern Montana (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 57, 1 computer optical disc , https://doi.org/10.3133/ds57.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disc ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26889.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110082,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26889.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"26889"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,46 ], [ -111.5,49 ], [ -104.25,49 ], [ -104.25,46 ], [ -111.5,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aece8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condon, Steven M.","contributorId":95464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70164506,"text":"70164506 - 2000 - Nutrients discharged to the Mississippi River from eastern Iowa watersheds, 1996-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T13:08:53","indexId":"70164506","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrients discharged to the Mississippi River from eastern Iowa watersheds, 1996-1997","docAbstract":"<p>The introduction of nutrients from chemical fertilizer, animal manure, wastewater, and atmospheric deposition to the eastern Iowa environment creates a large potential for nutrient transport in watersheds. Agriculture constitutes 93 percent of all land use in eastern Iowa. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program, water samples were collected (typically monthly) from six small and six large watersheds in eastern Iowa between March 1996 and September 1997. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to determine land use and quantify inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus within the study area. Streamliow from the watersheds is to the Mississippi River. Chemical fertilizer and animal manure account for 92 percent of the estimated total nitrogen and 99.9 percent of the estimated total phosphorus input in the study area. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads for 1996 were estimated for nine of the 12 rivers and creeks using a minimum variance unbiased estimator model. A seasonal pattern of concentrations and loads was observed. The greatest concentrations and loads occur in the late spring to early summer in conjunction with row-crop fertilizer applications and spring nmoff and again in the late fall to early winter as vegetation goes into dormancy and additional fertilizer is applied to row-crop fields. The three largest rivers in eastern Iowa transported an estimated total of 79,000 metric tons of total nitrogen and 6,800 metric tons of total phosphorus to the Mississippi River in 1996. The estimated mass of total nitrogen and total phosphorus transported to the Mississippi River represents about 19 percent of all estimated nitrogen and 9 percent of all estimated phosphorus input to the study area.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04257.x","usgsCitation":"Becher, K., Schnoebelen, D.J., and Akers, K., 2000, Nutrients discharged to the Mississippi River from eastern Iowa watersheds, 1996-1997: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 1, p. 161-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04257.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water 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,{"id":6445,"text":"pp1600 - 2000 - Stratigraphy and depositional environments of middle Proterozoic rocks, northern part of the Lemhi Range, Lemhi County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T18:25:59.415152","indexId":"pp1600","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1600","title":"Stratigraphy and depositional environments of middle Proterozoic rocks, northern part of the Lemhi Range, Lemhi County, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Geologic mapping shows Middle Proterozoic strata form two packages of strata north and south of the Tertiary Lem Peak normal fault. Strata north of the fault, the main focus of this report, contain thicknesses and lithofacies of the Big Creek and Apple Creek formations of the Lemhi Group that contrast with those south of the fault. Strata south of the fault, examined mainly in reconnaissance, may have been thrust eastward prior to being downdropped.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1600","usgsCitation":"Tysdal, R.G., 2000, Stratigraphy and depositional environments of middle Proterozoic rocks, northern part of the Lemhi Range, Lemhi County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1600, iv, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1600.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33858,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1600/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1600/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406387,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25865.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Lemhi County","otherGeospatial":"Lemhi Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5,\n              44.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -114,\n              44.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -114,\n              44.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6a9fe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tysdal, Russell G.","contributorId":1700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":152733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32271,"text":"ofr00175 - 2000 - Geologic map and digital database of the Cougar Buttes 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:12:30.732285","indexId":"ofr00175","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-175","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the Cougar Buttes 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP) of Geologic Division has undertaken regional geologic mapping investigations in the Lucerne Valley area co-sponsored by the Mojave Water Agency and the San Bernardino National Forest. These investigations span the Lucerne Valley basin from the San Bernardino Mountains front northward to the basin axis on the Mojave Desert floor, and from the Rabbit Lake basin east to the Old Woman Springs area. Quadrangles mapped include the Cougar Buttes 7.5' quadrangle, the Lucerne Valley 7.5' quadrangle (Matti and others, in preparation b), the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle (Miller and others, 1998), and the Big Bear City 7.5' quadrangle (Matti and others, in preparation a). The Cougar Buttes quadrangle has been mapped previously at scales of 1:62,500 (Dibblee, 1964) and 1:24,000 (Shreve, 1958, 1968; Sadler, 1982a). In line with the goals of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP), our mapping of the Cougar Buttes quadrangle has been directed toward generating a multipurpose digital geologic map database. Guided by the mapping of previous investigators, we have focused on improving our understanding and representation of late Pliocene and Quaternary deposits. In cooperation with the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, we have used our mapping in the Cougar Buttes and Lucerne Valley quadrangles together with well log data to construct cross-sections of the Lucerne Valley basin (R.E. Powell, unpublished data, 1996-1998) and to develop a hydrogeologic framework for the basin. Currently, our mapping in these two quadrangles also is being used as a base for studying soils on various Quaternary landscape surfaces on the San Bernardino piedmont (Eppes and others, 1998). In the Cougar Buttes quadrangle, we have endeavored to represent the surficial geology in a way that provides a base suitable for ecosystem assessment, an effort that has entailed differentiating surficial veneers on piedmont and pediment surfaces and distinguishing the various substrates found beneath these veneers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Mojave Water Agency, California Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Powell, R.E., Matti, J.C., and Cossette, P., 2000, Geologic map and digital database of the Cougar Buttes 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-175, Report: 19 p., Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches, Readme, Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00175.","productDescription":"Report: 19 p., Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches, Readme, Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397818,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26228.htm"},{"id":285898,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00175.jpg"},{"id":281539,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0175/pdf/coug_readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0175/pdf/coug_pamph.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281542,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0175/pdf/coug_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281541,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0175/coug_met.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":281540,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Buttes Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.875,\n              34.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75,\n              34.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.875,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.875,\n              34.375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Robert E. 0000-0001-7682-1655 rpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-1655","contributorId":4210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Robert","email":"rpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. jmatti@usgs.gov","contributorId":3666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cossette, P. 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,{"id":70168343,"text":"70168343 - 2000 - Summary of the major water-quality findings from the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T10:23:18","indexId":"70168343","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-20T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5059,"text":"Iowa Groundwater Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of the major water-quality findings from the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"<p>An integrated assessment of the water quality in streams and aquifers in the Wapsipinicon, Iowa, Cedar, and Skunk River basins was conducted in 1996 through 1998 as part of the Eastern Iowa Basins (EIWA) study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA). The EIWA study unit is one of 59 study units across the Nation designed to assess the status and trends in the quality of the Nation's ground- and surface-water resources and to link the status and trends with an understanding of the natural and human factors that affect the quality of water. Over 90 percent of the land in the EIWA study unit is used for agricultural purposes, while forested areas account for only 4 percent and urban areas about 2 percent of the land.</p>\n<p>Surface-water samples were collected monthly and during selected storm events from six sites in medium-sized basins (125 to about 400 mi2) and five sites in large river basins (2,300 to 12,500 mi2). The medium-sized basins were selected to be representative of various physical features, hydrogeology, and agricultural landuse (row crops and concentrated animal feeding operations) that may affect water quality. The large river sites were selected to determine the integrated effects of combinations of landuse and hydrogeology on river-water quality.</p>\n<p>Ground-water samples were collected primarily from the alluvial aquifers because of the aquifers' direct hydraulic connection with rivers and streams and because alluvial aquifers are one of the most important sources for domestic, municipal, and industrial water supplies in the study area. Monitoring wells were installed in agricultural and urban areas of the alluvial aquifers to assess the quality of the most recently recharged water in relation to land use. Existing domestic wells screened in alluvial aquifers and the Silurian/Devonian aquifer were sampled to assess deeper and older ground water.</p>\n<p>Surface- and ground-water samples were analyzed for a wide variety of chemical constituents (major ions, nutrients, and pesticides) commonly associated with agricultural and urban activities. Because they were not expected to occur in rivers and streams, volatile organic compounds (VOC's), commonly comprising fuels, solvents, and other industrial compounds were only analyzed in ground-water samples. The age of the ground water, important information needed to relate ground-water quality to land use, was determined using both tritium and chlorofluorocarbons (Freon?) age-dating methods.</p>\n<p>Results from the EIWA NAWQA study build on previous and ongoing research and water-quality monitoring programs in Iowa and provide new insights into the relation between the quality of the State's water resources and human activities. The major findings from the study are listed below.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Groundwater Association","publisherLocation":"Oakdale, IA","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 2000, Summary of the major water-quality findings from the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Iowa Groundwater Quarterly, v. 11, no. 3, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":317914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/projects/nawqa/reports/IGWA.Fall2000.html"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70209550,"text":"70209550 - 2000 - Age and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of plutonic rocks from the Green Mountain magmatic arc, southeastern Wyoming: Isotopic characterization of a Paleoproterozoic island arc system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T16:57:54.80266","indexId":"70209550","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T11:51:49","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3310,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of plutonic rocks from the Green Mountain magmatic arc, southeastern Wyoming: Isotopic characterization of a Paleoproterozoic island arc system","docAbstract":"<p>Three new U-Pb zircon ages and the Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of 24 whole-rock samples from mainly plutonic rocks of the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains near the Colorado-Wyoming border help establish the Green Mountain magmatic arc as a Paleoproterozoic, variably eroded, island arc terrane. The Green Mountain magmatic arc, a terrane composed of variably metamorphosed volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, minor metasedimentary rocks, high-grade gneisses, and plutons ranging from gabbro to granodiorite, was formed between ca. 1792 and 1744 Ma. It is the northernmost and oldest part of the Colorado province and is separated from Archean rocks to the north by the east-west-trending Cheyenne belt.</p><p>New U-Pb zircon ages were determined for two dioritic samples of the Mullen Creek complex (1778 ±2 and 1778 ±17 Ma; an ultramafic/mafic layered intrusion) and for a sample of the Rambler granite (1771 ±3.4 Ma); both units are exposed in the Medicine Bow Mountains. A Sm-Nd internal isochron age of 1750 ±24 Ma (ϵ<sub>Nd</sub><sup>i</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= + 3.8) was determined that is within error of the Sm-Nd whole-rock isochron age for the entire Lake Owen sample database (1775 ±45 Ma). Initial Nd signatures (+ 3.3 to 4.8) indicate that the bulk of the arc rocks was derived from a depleted mantle source at 1.78 Ga. Although the Rb-Sr systematics appear disturbed, data from extremely low Rb/Sr, non-hydrous, ultramafic layered units indicate an initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr value of 0.7024. The range of initial Sr isotopic values for these rocks is elevated relative to depleted mantle sources at 1.78 Ga, an isotopic distinction of modern primitive oceanic island arc systems. The U-Pb data on the same mafic rock samples are consistent with the other isotopic results. The values define average initial Pb values of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb = 15.7 and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb = 15.3, indicative of a depleted mantle source at 1.78 Ga.</p><p>Felsic plutonic arc rocks exhibit disturbed Pb and Sr isotopic behavior. They are characterized by the same depleted mantle signature with initial ϵ<sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of ∼2.9–4.4, however, indicating little crustal contamination of source magmas for granites and precluding their derivation by subduction of Archean crustal components during collisional accretion of the arc.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wyoming","doi":"10.2113/35.1.51","usgsCitation":"Premo, W.R., and Loucks, R.R., 2000, Age and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of plutonic rocks from the Green Mountain magmatic arc, southeastern Wyoming: Isotopic characterization of a Paleoproterozoic island arc system: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 51-70, https://doi.org/10.2113/35.1.51.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Green Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.97412109375,\n              40.18307014852534\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0679931640625,\n              40.18307014852534\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0679931640625,\n              41.51269075845857\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.97412109375,\n              41.51269075845857\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.97412109375,\n              40.18307014852534\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loucks, R. R.","contributorId":223988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loucks","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21809,"text":"ofr99347 - 2000 - Geochronology and geology of late Oligocene through Miocene volcanism and mineralization in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T15:04:36","indexId":"ofr99347","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-347","title":"Geochronology and geology of late Oligocene through Miocene volcanism and mineralization in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","docAbstract":"Twenty-five new 40Ar/39Ar ages from volcanic rocks and veins in the western San Juan\r\nMountains clarify relationships between volcanism and mineralization in this classic area. Five\r\ncalc-alkaline ash-flow sheets erupted from caldera sources (Ute Ridge, Blue Mesa, Dillon Mesa,\r\nSapinero Mesa, and Crystal Lake Tuffs) from 28.6 to 27.6 Ma. This is a much more restricted\r\ntime interval than previously thought and indicates that the underlying batholith rose and evolved\r\nvery rapidly beneath the western San Juan Mountains. The new ages and geologic relations\r\nconstrain the timing of joint resurgence of the Uncompahgre and San Juan calderas to between\r\n28.2 and 27.6 Ma. The collapse of the Silverton caldera produced a set of strong ring fractures\r\nthat intersected with graben faults on the earlier resurgent dome to produce the complex set of\r\nstructures that localized the mid-Miocene epithermal gold veins.\r\nLater calc-alkaline monzonitic to quartz monzontic plutons solidified at 26.5-26.0 Ma as\r\nthe underlying batholith rose through its volcanic cover. A new age from lavas near\r\nUncompahgre Peak supports earlier interpretations that these lavas were fed by nearby 26 Ma\r\nmonzonite intrusions. Nearly all of these intrusions are associated with subeconomic Mo and\r\nCu mineralization and associated alteration, and new ages of 26.40 and 25.29 Ma from the\r\nUte-Ulay and Lilly veins in the Lake City region show that some of the most important silver and base-metal veins were temporally and possibly genetically connected to these plutons. In\r\naddition, the Golden Fleece telluride vein cuts all of the post-Uncompahgre caldera volcanics in\r\nthe area and is probably temporally related to this cycle, though its age of 27.5 ? 0.3 Ma was\r\ndetermined by less precise U/Pb methods.\r\nThe 22.9 Ma Lake City caldera collapsed within the older Uncompahgre caldera structure\r\nbut is petrologically unrelated to the older calc-alkaline activity. The distinctive suite of\r\nhigh-silica rhyolite tuff and alkaline resurgent intrusions indicates that it is closely related to the\r\nearly stages of bimodal high-silica rhyolite-alkali basalt volcanism that accompanied the onset of\r\nextensional tectonism in the region. Both 40Ar/39Ar ages and paleomagnetic data confirm that the\r\nentire caldera sequence formed in less than 330,000 years. Only weak quartz vein mineralization\r\nis present in the center of the caldera, and it appears to be related to leaching of metals from the\r\nintracaldera tuffs above the resurgent intrusion. Massive alunitization and weak Mo and Cu\r\nmineralization along the eastern ring fracture are associated with calc-alkaline lavas and stocks\r\nrelated to late stages of the caldera cycle. These calc-alkaline stocks also appear to be genetically\r\nand temporally linked to a radial pattern of barite-precious metal veins on the northeastern\r\nmargin of the Lake City caldera.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99347","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Bove, D.J., Hon, K., Budding, K., Slack, J.F., Snee, L., and Yeoman, R.A., 2000, Geochronology and geology of late Oligocene through Miocene volcanism and mineralization in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-347, 33 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99347.","productDescription":"33 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1229,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0347/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db530720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hon, Ken","contributorId":19163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budding, K. E.","contributorId":104932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budding","given":"K. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yeoman, R. A.","contributorId":107726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeoman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70260450,"text":"70260450 - 2000 - Evaluation of seismic slope-performance models using a regional case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T16:13:32.147663","indexId":"70260450","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T11:07:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7559,"text":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of seismic slope-performance models using a regional case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper compares four permanent displacement models based on Newmark's sliding-block analogy for assessing regional seismic slope-performance. The models vary primarily by the ground motion descriptor used to correlate with Newmark displacement. The first uses peak ground-acceleration (PGA). The second uses PGA but normalizes displacements by predominant period and equivalent cycles. The third uses Arias intensity. The fourth calculates cumulative displacements from double-integrating simulated earthquake accelerograms. The models are implemented in a GIS to characterize seismic slope-performance for the Oakland East quadrangle near San Francisco, California. The resulting slope-performance maps are compared visually and through statistical analysis to expose potential differences and assess the effects of using a particular approach within a decision-making context. These maps were created for the purpose of comparison and are not suitable for use as critical decision-making tools. The models forecast notably different levels of slope-performance, with the PGA-based models predicting the greatest Newmark displacement on average. Thus, considering the variety of slope-performance models, it is suggested that practitioners avoid reliance on a single model. Instead, multiple models can be implemented in a GIS framework to gain a better perspective of the potential hazard and make a more informed decision.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.6.1.25","usgsCitation":"Miles, S.B., and Keefer, D.K., 2000, Evaluation of seismic slope-performance models using a regional case study: Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.6.1.25.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":463548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Oakland East quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.65411806022144,\n              38.04518653599146\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.65411806022144,\n              37.330806715923316\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59715228156782,\n              37.330806715923316\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59715228156782,\n              38.04518653599146\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.65411806022144,\n              38.04518653599146\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, Scott B.","contributorId":38600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":68169,"text":"ha732B - 2000 - Hydrogeology and hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T13:24:28","indexId":"ha732B","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"732","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeology and hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Severe and prolonged droughts between 1961 and 1988, combined with increased demands for freshwater supplies in the United States, have resulted in a critical need to assess the potential for development of ground- and surface-water supplies. Rapid industrial growth and urban expansion have caused existing freshwater supplies to be used at or near maximum capacity. Begun in 1978, the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a systematic effort to study a number of the Nation's most important aquifer systems, which, in aggregate, underlie much of the country and represent an important component of the Nation's total water supply. The broad objective for each of the 28 studies in the program is to assemble geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information, to analyze and develop an understanding of the system, and to develop predictive capabilities that will contribute to the effective management of the system.</p><p>In 1988, as part of the RASA Program, the USGS began a 6-year study of the ground-water resources of parts of 11 States in the Eastern United States (Swain and others, 1991). The study was designated the Appalachian Valley and Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (APRASA). The APRASA team investigated ground-water resources primarily in the unglaciated part of the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, the New England, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces (fig. 1). For the purposes of this report, the small area in the New England Physiographic Province that is within the study area in New Jersey and Pennsylvania was considered part of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The results of the APRASA are contained in about 50 reports and abstracts, including reports on simulation of ground-water flow in three type areas, this atlas, and chapters in Professional Paper 1422. These chapters include the summary (Chapter A), descriptions of recharge rates and surface- and ground-water relations (Chapter B), hydrogeologic terranes in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province (Chapter C), and ground-water geochemistry (Chapter D).</p><p>The purposes of this atlas are to summarize the hydrogeology, to describe an analysis of maps and well records, and to present a classification and map of the hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces within the APRASA study area. Hydrogeologic terranes are defined for this atlas as regionally mappable areas characterized by similar water-yielding properties of a grouping of selected rock types. The hydrogeologic terranes represent areas of distinct hydrologic character. The terranes are intended to help water users locate and develop adequate water supplies and to help hydrologists interpret the regional hydrogeology.</p><p>Previous investigations provide maps and descriptions of the geologic units, describe the local quantity and quality of ground water within these units, and establish the statistical methods for comparing the water-yielding properties of these units. State geologic maps show the distribution of geologic units at a scale of 1:500,000 for Alabama (Osborne and others, 1989), Georgia (Lawton and others, 1976), North Carolina (Brown and Parker, 1985), and Virginia (Calver and Hobbs, 1963). State maps show geologic units at a scale of 1:250,000 for Maryland (Cleaves and others, 1968), New Jersey (Lewis and Kummel, 1912), Pennsylvania (Berg and others, 1980), South Carolina (Overstreet and Bell, 1965), Tennessee (Hardeman, 1966), and West Virginia (Cardwell and others, 1968). Quadrangle geologic maps show geologic units at a scale of 1:24,000 for parts of Delaware within the APRASA area (Woodruff and Thompson, 1972, 1975). Many reports have been published describing the groundwater resources of a county, parts of a county, multi-county areas, or river basins.</p><p>The statistical methods used in this atlas are based largely on those used by Helsel and Hirsch (1992) and by Knopman (1990, p. 7-9). In her analysis of well records in the USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory (GWSI) data base, Knopman (1990) ranked factors that must be taken into account when assessing the water-yielding potential of the rocks in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in Pennsylvania. Readers are referred to Helsel and Hirsch (1992) and Knopman (1990) for details regarding statistical methods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha732B","isbn":"0607920750","usgsCitation":"Mesko, T.O., Swain, L.A., and Hollyday, E., 2000, Hydrogeology and hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 732, 41.00 x 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha732B.","productDescription":"41.00 x 34.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ha732B.PNG"},{"id":89477,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/732b/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"6.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.92675781249999,\n              41.590796851056005\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48681640625,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.79394531249999,\n              39.9602803542957\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.17822265625,\n              38.71980474264237\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.89208984375,\n              37.17782559332976\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.7373046875,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.0888671875,\n              34.831841149828655\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.0888671875,\n              33.96158628979907\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.11083984375,\n              32.91648534731439\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55078125,\n              33.37641235124676\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08984375,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.31005859375,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.453125,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.76123046875,\n              38.08268954483802\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.79443359375,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.77294921875,\n              40.16208338164617\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.828125,\n              40.9964840143779\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.92675781249999,\n              41.590796851056005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62557f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesko, Thomas O.","contributorId":81498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesko","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Lindsay A.","contributorId":7323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hollyday, E. F.","contributorId":95062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollyday","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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