High-resolution measurements of currents, temperature, salinity and turbidity were made over the course of three months off West Maui in the summer and early fall of 2003 to better understand coastal dynamics in coral reef habitats. Measurements were made through the emplacement of a series of bottom-mounted instruments in water depths less than 11 m. The studies were conducted in support of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Coral Reef Project. The purpose of these measurements was to collect hydrographic data to better constrain the variability in currents and water column properties such as water temperature, salinity and turbidity in the vicinity of nearshore coral reef systems over the course of a summer and early fall when coral larvae spawn. These measurements support the ongoing process studies being conducted under the Coral Reef Project; the ultimate goal is to better understand the transport mechanisms of sediment, larvae, pollutants and other particles in coral reef settings. This report, the third in a series of three, describes data acquisition, processing and analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041287","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Field, M.E., Ogston, A.S., Logan, J., Presto, M.K., and Gonzales, D.G., 2004, Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics along West Maui, Hawaii: Part III: Flow and particulate dynamics during the 2003 summer coral spawning season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1287, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041287.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5930,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68732.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.75018310546875,\n 20.86651131245835\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 20.86651131245835\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 21.046054602088628\n ],\n [\n -156.75018310546875,\n 21.046054602088628\n ],\n [\n -156.75018310546875,\n 20.86651131245835\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogston, Andrea S.","contributorId":12119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Presto, M. Kathy","contributorId":54292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gonzales, Dave G.","contributorId":68824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzales","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":57972,"text":"ofr20041266 - 2004 - Alaska resource data file: Mount Hayes quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T19:38:32.598705","indexId":"ofr20041266","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1266","title":"Alaska resource data file: Mount Hayes quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041266","usgsCitation":"Ellis, W., Hawley, C.C., and Dashevsky, S., 2004, Alaska resource data file: Mount Hayes quadrangle, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1266, 742 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041266.","productDescription":"742 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486436,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1266/of20041266.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1266 PDF"},{"id":484031,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68656.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5933,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":484032,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hayes quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68869e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, William","contributorId":61511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawley, Charles C.","contributorId":97570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawley","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dashevsky, Samuel","contributorId":6531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dashevsky","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57729,"text":"ofr20041304 - 2004 - Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-06T16:07:28.121949","indexId":"ofr20041304","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1304","title":"Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California","docAbstract":"Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were collected in approximately 3- kilometer-wide swaths over selected areas in El Dorado and Plumas Counties that contain serpentinite and ultramafic rocks as part of an experiment to determine if potentially asbestos-bearing rocks could be identified spectrally. M ineral maps created from the AVIRIS data were used successfully to delineate exposures of serpentine and tremolite-actinolite/talc in areas with up to 70 percent vegetation cover in some cases. In other cases, the density of vegetation is so high that it prevented spectral identification by AVIRIS of minerals in those areas, thus there may be more serpentine and tremolite-actinolite/talc present than is shown on the mineral maps. It also is important to note that not all tremolite-actinolite is fibrous, and just because tremolite-actinolite was mapped, does not necessarily mean it is tremolite- or actinolite-asbestos. Finally, it is difficult to spectrally distinguish tremolite-actinolite from talc using AVIRIS. Serpentine has been detected outside of known serpentinite outcrop areas, mostly as aggregate that covers dirt roads. Four flight lines of AVIRIS data were analyzed over areas selected to show trends in degree of surface exposure as a function of elevation and vegetation cover. Field checking has verified the accuracy of the mineral maps at 25 accessible locations. Eleven additional flight lines remain to be analyzed and field checked pending future funding. AVIRIS mineral mapping has shown promise as a complement to field mapping but cannot replace it. Because AVIRIS is a remote-sensing technology, the presence of serpentine or tremolite-actinolite would have to be verified in the field by direct observation and by appropriate sampling and laboratory analysis, if needed. At this time, no conclusions regarding the presence or absence of asbestos minerals in the identified areas are possible from the AVIRIS data alone. Identification of asbestos minerals in the identified areas would require appropriate sampling and laboratory analysis of the materials in those areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041304","usgsCitation":"Swayze, G.A., Higgins, C.T., Clinkenbeard, J.P., Kokaly, R., Clark, R.N., Meeker, G.P., and Sutley, S.J., 2004, Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1304, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041304.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110506,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68615.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68615"},{"id":5980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1304/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":380265,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1304/OF-2004-1304_508.pdf","size":"24.4 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"El Dorado County, Plumas County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 39.23650795487107\n ],\n [\n -120.003662109375,\n 39.23650795487107\n ],\n [\n -120.003662109375,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 39.23650795487107\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 39.23650795487107\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 39.23650795487107\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691db8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Chris T.","contributorId":64942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clinkenbeard, John P.","contributorId":33036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clinkenbeard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutley, Stephen J.","contributorId":60296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":56322,"text":"ofr20041254 - 2004 - Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56322,"text":"ofr20041254 - 2004 - Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","indexId":"ofr20041254","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":76323,"text":"sir20055265 - 2006 - Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, and stream bed sediment and the general hydrology and water quality of the Frohner Meadows area, Upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","indexId":"sir20055265","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, and stream bed sediment and the general hydrology and water quality of the Frohner Meadows area, Upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":76323,"text":"sir20055265 - 2006 - Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, and stream bed sediment and the general hydrology and water quality of the Frohner Meadows area, Upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","indexId":"sir20055265","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, and stream bed sediment and the general hydrology and water quality of the Frohner Meadows area, Upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T19:26:13.548225","indexId":"ofr20041254","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1254","title":"Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"Frohner Meadows, an area of low-topographic gradient subalpine ponds and wetlands in glaciated terrane near the headwaters of Lump Gulch (a tributary of Prickly Pear Creek), is located about 15 miles west of the town of Clancy, Montana, in the Helena National Forest. Mining and ore treatment of lead-zinc-silver veins in granitic rocks of the Boulder batholith over the last 120 years from two sites (Frohner mine and the Nellie Grant mine) has resulted in accumulations of mine waste and mill tailings that have been distributed downslope and downstream by anthropogenic and natural processes. \r\nThis report presents the results of an investigation of the geochemistry of the wetlands, streams, and unconsolidated-sediment deposits and the hydrology, hydrogeology, and water quality of the area affected by these sources of ore-related metals. Ground water sampled from most shallow wells in the meadow system contained high concentrations of arsenic, exceeding the Montana numeric water-quality standard for human health. Transport of cadmium and zinc in ground water is indicated at one site near Nellie Grant Creek based on water-quality data from one well near the creek. Mill tailings deposited in upper Frohner Meadow contribute large arsenic loads to Frohner Meadows Creek; Nellie Grant Creek contributes large arsenic, cadmium, and zinc loads to upper Frohner Meadows. Concentrations of total-recoverable cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in most surface-water sites downstream from the Nellie Grant mine area exceeded Montana aquatic-life standards. Nearly all samples of surface water and ground water had neutral to slightly alkaline pH values. \r\nConcentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc in streambed sediment in the entire meadow below the mine waste and mill tailings accumulations are highly enriched relative to regional watershed-background concentrations and exceed consensus-based, probable-effects concentrations for streambed sediment at most sites. Cadmium, copper, and zinc typically are adsorbed to the surface coatings of streambed-sediment grains. Mine waste and mill tailings contain high concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in a quartz-rich matrix. Most of the waste sites that were sampled had low acid-generating capacity, although one site (fine-grained mill tailings from the Nellie Grant mine deposited in the upper part of lower Frohner Meadows) had extremely high acid-generating potential because of abundant fine-grained pyrite. \r\nTwo distinct sites were identified as metal sources based on streambed-sediment samples, cores in the meadow substrate, and mine and mill-tailings samples. The Frohner mine and mill site contribute material rich in arsenic and lead; similar material from the Nellie Grant mine and mill site is rich in cadmium and zinc.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041254","usgsCitation":"Klein, T.L., Cannon, M.R., and Fey, D.L., 2004, Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1254, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041254.","productDescription":"68 p.","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68251.htm"},{"id":5698,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1254/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Frohner Meadows area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.2192,\n 46.4333\n ],\n [\n -112.1872,\n 46.4333\n ],\n [\n -112.1872,\n 46.4539\n ],\n [\n -112.2192,\n 46.4539\n ],\n [\n -112.2192,\n 46.4333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Michael R.","contributorId":37411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69779,"text":"sim2836 - 2004 - Surficial geologic map of the Ellendale quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:24","indexId":"sim2836","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2836","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Ellendale quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee","docAbstract":" The depiction of geology on this map is designed to aid in urban planning and analysis of potential damage in the event of strong earthquake motion. The geologic map by itself does not analyze potential earthquake damage, but is designed to be used by seismologists who perform such analyses. The nature of geologic materials to a degree determines the severity of damage to infrastructure sustained during a strong earthquake.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2836","usgsCitation":"Arsdale, R.V., 2004, Surficial geologic map of the Ellendale quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee (Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2836, map, 29 by 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2836.","productDescription":"map, 29 by 24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110498,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68342.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68342"},{"id":188363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2836/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.86749999999999,35.1175 ], [ -89.86749999999999,35.25 ], [ -89.75,35.25 ], [ -89.75,35.1175 ], [ -89.86749999999999,35.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b11e4b07f02db6a2449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arsdale, Roy Van","contributorId":83612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arsdale","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"Van","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55652,"text":"fs10003 - 2004 - Tracking changes in Yellowstone's restless volcanic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-16T08:54:15","indexId":"fs10003","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"100-03","title":"Tracking changes in Yellowstone's restless volcanic system","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs10003","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, P.H., 2004, Tracking changes in Yellowstone's restless volcanic system: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 100-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10003.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5360,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs100-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_100_03.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming ","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.88775634765625,\n 44.16250418310723\n ],\n [\n -109.75341796875,\n 44.16250418310723\n ],\n [\n -109.75341796875,\n 44.80717308106486\n ],\n [\n -110.88775634765625,\n 44.80717308106486\n ],\n [\n -110.88775634765625,\n 44.16250418310723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":253911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55673,"text":"sir20045044 - 2004 - Effects of changes in reservoir operations on water quality and trophic state indicators in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T20:56:23.188738","indexId":"sir20045044","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5044","title":"Effects of changes in reservoir operations on water quality and trophic state indicators in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2001-03","docAbstract":"Implementation of an order by the International Joint Commission in January 2000 has changed operating procedures for dams that regulate two large reservoirs in Voyageurs National Park in northern Minnesota. These new procedures were expected to restore a more natural water regime and affect water levels, water quality, and trophic status. Results of laboratory analyses and field measurements of chemical and physical properties from May 2001 through September 2003 were compared to similar data collected prior to the change in operating procedures. Rank sum tests showed significant decreases in chlorophyll-a concentrations and trophic state indices for Kabetogama Lake (p=0.021) and Black Bay (p=0.007). There were no significant decreases in total phosphorus concentration, however, perhaps due to internal cycling of phosphorus. No sites had significant trends in seasonal total phosphorus concentrations, with the exception of May samples from Sand Point Lake, which had a significant decreasing trend (tau=-0.056, probability=0.03). May chlorophyll-a concentrations for Kabetogama Lake showed a significant decreasing trend (tau=-0.42, probability=0.05). Based on mean chlorophyll trophic-state indices (2001-03), Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy Lakes would be classified oligotrophic to mesotrophic, and Kabetogama Lake and Rainy Lake at Black Bay would be classified as mesotrophic. The classification of Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy Lakes remain the same for data collected prior to the change in operating procedures. In contrast, the trophic classification of Kabetogama Lake and Rainy Lake at Black Bay has changed from eutrophic to mesotrophic.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Payne, G.A., and Kallemeyn, L.W., 2004, Effects of changes in reservoir operations on water quality and trophic state indicators in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2001-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5044, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045044.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045044.JPG"},{"id":5435,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":253956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, G. A.","contributorId":62190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kallemeyn, Larry W.","contributorId":53320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":56948,"text":"sir20045074 - 2004 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and ecology of Anderton Branch near the Quail Hollow Landfill, Bedford County, Tennessee, 1995-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"sir20045074","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5074","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and ecology of Anderton Branch near the Quail Hollow Landfill, Bedford County, Tennessee, 1995-99","docAbstract":"The Quail Hollow Landfill, located in southeastern Bedford County on the Highland Rim overlooking the Central Basin karst region of Tennessee, is constructed on the gravelly, clay-rich residuum of the Fort Payne Formation of Mississippian age. A conceptual hydrologic model of the landfill indicated that Anderton Branch was at risk of being affected by the landfill. Ground water flowing beneath the landfill mixes with percolating rainwater that has passed through the landfill and discharges to the surface from numerous weeps, seeps, and springs present in the area. Anderton Branch, adjacent to the landfill site on the north and east, receives most of the discharge from these weeps, seeps, and springs. Anderton Branch also receives water from the Powell Branch drainage basin to the west and south because of diverted flow of ground water through Harrison Spring Cave. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bedford County Solid Waste Authority, conducted a study to evaluate the effect of the Quail Hollow Landfill on ground- and surface-water quality.\r\n\r\nDuring storm runoff, specific conductance was elevated, and cadmium, iron, manganese, lead, and nickel concentrations in Anderton Branch frequently exceeded maximum contaminant levels for drinking water for the State of Tennessee. High chloride inputs to Anderton Branch were detected at two locations?a barnyard straddling the stream and a tributary draining a pond that receives water directly from the landfill. The chloride inputs probably contribute to chloride load levels that are three times higher for Anderton Branch than for the control stream Anthony Branch. Although toxic volatile organic compounds were detected in water from monitoring wells at the landfill, no organic contaminants were detected in domestic water wells adjacent to the landfill or in Anderton Branch. \r\n\r\nSons Spring, a karst spring near the landfill, has been affected by the landfill as indicated by an increase in chloride concentrations from 4 milligrams per liter in 1974 to 59 milligrams per liter in 1996. Analysis of water samples from Sons Spring detected concentrations of nickel that exceeded primary drinking-water standards and Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation fish and aquatic life chronic standards. Trichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethene, and 1,1-dichloroethane also were detected at Sons Spring. The presence of these chlorinated solvents imply the landfill origin of the contaminants in Sons Spring. Continuous monitoring at Sons Spring indicated a pattern of decreased specific conductance and lower contaminant concentrations after a storm. Contaminant concentrations increased with specific conductance to pre-storm levels after several days. \r\n\r\nThe benthic macroinvertebrate community in Anderton Branch adjacent to the landfill was not different from the communities at control sites upstream and in Anthony Branch. Sons Spring, however, has low abundance and numbers of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa. Toxicity studies using Ceriodaphnia dubia indicated no toxicity in the base flow or storm water in Anderton Branch or in a tributary draining a pond that receives water from the landfill and Sons Spring; however, water collected from Sons Spring resulted in 100 percent mortality to all organisms within 48 hours. \r\n\r\nHigh concentrations of nickel were detected in crayfish tissue from control sites and Anderton Branch. Analysis of sediment samples also indicates nickel concentrations are high at control sites upstream of the landfill. Increased levels of the biomarker metallothionein detected in crayfish from Anderton Branch likely are not caused by nickel or cadmium because the levels present in the tissue are not correlated with metallothionein levels. \r\n\r\nDespite the high levels of certain metals in Anderton Branch during storm flow, the lack of toxicity and the health of the benthic community imply no detectable negative effect from the landfill to the stream. Sons Spring, howe","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045074","usgsCitation":"Farmer, J., 2004, Hydrogeology, water quality, and ecology of Anderton Branch near the Quail Hollow Landfill, Bedford County, Tennessee, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5074, 38 p., 14 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045074.","productDescription":"38 p., 14 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, James","contributorId":37407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57749,"text":"ofr20041269 - 2004 - Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading in Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:33","indexId":"ofr20041269","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1269","title":"Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading in Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon Earthquake","docAbstract":"The December 22, 2003, San Simeon, California, (M6.5) earthquake caused damage to houses, road surfaces, and underground utilities in Oceano, California. The community of Oceano is approximately 50 miles (80 km) from the earthquake epicenter. Damage at this distance from a M6.5 earthquake is unusual. To understand the causes of this damage, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted extensive subsurface exploration and monitoring of aftershocks in the months after the earthquake. The investigation included 37 seismic cone penetration tests, 5 soil borings, and aftershock monitoring from January 28 to March 7, 2004.\r\n\r\nThe USGS investigation identified two earthquake hazards in Oceano that explain the San Simeon earthquake damage?site amplification and liquefaction. Site amplification is a phenomenon observed in many earthquakes where the strength of the shaking increases abnormally in areas where the seismic-wave velocity of shallow geologic layers is low. As a result, earthquake shaking is felt more strongly than in surrounding areas without similar geologic conditions. Site amplification in Oceano is indicated by the physical properties of the geologic layers beneath Oceano and was confirmed by monitoring aftershocks.\r\n\r\nLiquefaction, which is also commonly observed during earthquakes, is a phenomenon where saturated sands lose their strength during an earthquake and become fluid-like and mobile. As a result, the ground may undergo large permanent displacements that can damage underground utilities and well-built surface structures. The type of displacement of major concern associated with liquefaction is lateral spreading because it involves displacement of large blocks of ground down gentle slopes or towards stream channels. The USGS investigation indicates that the shallow geologic units beneath Oceano are very susceptible to liquefaction. They include young sand dunes and clean sandy artificial fill that was used to bury and convert marshes into developable lots. Most of the 2003 damage was caused by lateral spreading in two separate areas, one near Norswing Drive and the other near Juanita Avenue. The areas coincided with areas with the highest liquefaction potential found in Oceano.\r\n\r\nAreas with site amplification conditions similar to those in Oceano are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes. Site amplification may cause shaking from distant earthquakes, which normally would not cause damage, to increase locally to damaging levels. The vulnerability in Oceano is compounded by the widespread distribution of highly liquefiable soils that will reliquefy when ground shaking is amplified as it was during the San Simeon earthquake. The experience in Oceano can be expected to repeat because the region has many active faults capable of generating large earthquakes. In addition, liquefaction and lateral spreading will be more extensive for moderate-size earthquakes that are closer to Oceano than was the 2003 San Simeon earthquake.\r\n\r\nSite amplification and liquefaction can be mitigated. Shaking is typically mitigated in California by adopting and enforcing up-to-date building codes. Although not a guarantee of safety, application of these codes ensures that the best practice is used in construction. Building codes, however, do not always require the upgrading of older structures to new code requirements. Consequently, many older structures may not be as resistant to earthquake shaking as new ones. For older structures, retrofitting is required to bring them up to code. Seismic provisions in codes also generally do not apply to nonstructural elements such as drywall, heating systems, and shelving. Frequently, nonstructural damage dominates the earthquake loss.\r\n\r\nMitigation of potential liquefaction in Oceano presently is voluntary for existing buildings, but required by San Luis Obispo County for new construction. Multiple mitigation procedures are available to individual property owners. These procedures typically involve either ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041269","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., Noce, T.E., Bennett, M.J., Di Alessandro, C., Boatwright, J., Tinsley, J., Sell, R., and Rosenberg, L.I., 2004, Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading in Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon Earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1269, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041269.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5993,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noce, Thomas E. tnoce@usgs.gov","contributorId":3174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"Thomas","email":"tnoce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Michael J. mjbennett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Michael","email":"mjbennett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Di Alessandro, Carola","contributorId":43436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di Alessandro","given":"Carola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinsley, John C. III jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John C.","suffix":"III","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sell, Russell W.","contributorId":49046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sell","given":"Russell W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenberg, Lewis I.","contributorId":12073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70201629,"text":"70201629 - 2004 - Topographic mapping of Mars: From hectometer to micrometer scales ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:39:55","indexId":"70201629","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-31T19:18:04","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Topographic mapping of Mars: From hectometer to micrometer scales ","docAbstract":"We describe USGS topomapping of Mars at resolutions from 100 m to 30 µm with data from the latest spacecraft missions. Analysis of NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) data combining daytime visible reflected, daytime IR emitted, and nighttime IR emitted images allows us to isolate the physical effects of topography, albedo, and thermal inertia. To a good approximation these physical influences interact linearly so that maps showing topographic shading, albedo, and relative thermal inertia can be produced by simple algebraic manipulation of the coregistered images. The shading map resembles an airbrush shaded relief portrayal of the surface, and can be used as the input for quantitative reconstruction of topography by photoclinometry (PC) at 100-m resolution over most of the planet.
The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) of the ESA Mars Express orbiter includes a 9-line scanner for color and stereo imaging and a Super-Resolution Channel (SRC). We analyze these images with a combination of USGS ISIS cartographic software and commercial photogrammetric software, providing an independent check on the stereo processing pipeline developed by the HRSC team. In particular, we are producing very high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from the SRC images by photoclinometry and by stereoanalysis, using Mars Orbiter Camera images to complete the stereopair.
The NASA Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) carry a diverse set of cameras: two wide-angle hazard camera pairs, panoramic stereo imagers (Pancam and Navcam), and a Microscopic Imager (MI) that images a 3-cm-square area at 30 µm/pixel resolution. Our work emphasizes MI data and includes geometric calibration, bundle-adjustment, mosaicking, generation of DEMs by stereo analysis and focal sectioning, and combination of MI images with color data from Pancam. The software being developed to support these analyses can also be used to produce high-precision controlled mosaics, DEMs, and other products from the Pancam and Navcam images.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, XXXV ISPRS Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XX ISPRS Congress","conferenceDate":"July 12-23, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Istanbul, Turkey","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Squyres, S.W., Neukum, G., MER Athena Science Team, and MEX HRSC Science Team, 2004, Topographic mapping of Mars: From hectometer to micrometer scales , in Proceedings, XXXV ISPRS Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-23, 2004, p. 834-839.","productDescription":"6 p.; DVD-ROM","startPage":"834","endPage":"839","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXV/congress/comm4/comm4.aspx"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1a1535e4b0708288c2354a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squyres, Steven W.","contributorId":10537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neukum, Gerhard","contributorId":211350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neukum","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MER Athena Science Team","contributorId":211699,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"MER Athena Science Team","id":754659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MEX HRSC Science Team","contributorId":211700,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"MEX HRSC Science Team","id":754660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70201627,"text":"70201627 - 2004 - A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T19:07:14","indexId":"70201627","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-31T19:00:19","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has recently completed a final revised version of its 231 m/pixel global Viking image mosaic of Mars that has substantially improved geodetic accuracy compared to versions released in 1991 and 2001. This mosaic, known as MDIM 2.1, is currently available in the USGS ISIS file format (see http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/MDIM21/) and will be formatted and submitted to the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) in the near future for archiving as a single ~5-MB DVD volume.
Positional control for MDIM 2.1 comes from a new geodetic/photogrammetric solution of the global Mars Mariner 9 and Viking image control network. The details of this network solution are described here. This network incorporates 1,054 Mariner 9 and 5,317 Viking Orbiter images. Accuracy of the new solution is improved primarily as the result of constraining all 37,652 control points to radii from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data and adding 1,232 \"ground control points\" whose horizontal coordinates are also constrained by MOLA. The MOLA data are believed to have an absolute accuracy on the order of 100 m horizontally. Additional improvements result from use of updated timing and orientation data for the Viking Orbiter images, improved reseau measurements and hence distortion correction of the images, and careful checking and remeasurement of control points with large residuals. The RMS error of the solution is 15.8 µm (~1.3 Viking pixels, ~280 m on the ground). The IAU/IAG 2000 coordinate system is used for the network and the mosaic.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.003","usgsCitation":"Mayer, J.H., and Mahan, S.A., 2004, Reply to the letter to the editor from Huntley re Mayer and Mahan, 2004. Quaternary Research 61, 72–84: Quaternary Research, v. 62, no. 1, p. 111-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.003.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayer, J. H.","contributorId":59619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202348,"text":"70202348 - 2004 - A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:31:41","indexId":"70202348","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-25T08:30:47","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has recently completed a final revised version of its 231 m/pixel global Viking image mosaic of Mars that has substantially improved geodetic accuracy compared to versions released in 1991 and 2001. This mosaic, known as MDIM 2.1, is currently available in the USGS ISIS file format and will be formatted and submitted to the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) in the near future for archiving as a single ~5-MB DVD volume.
Positional control for MDIM 2.1 comes from a new geodetic/photogrammetric solution of the global Mars Mariner 9 and Viking image control network. The details of this network solution are described here. This network incorporates 1,054 Mariner 9 and 5,317 Viking Orbiter images. Accuracy of the new solution is improved primarily as the result of constraining all 37,652 control points to radii from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data and adding 1,232 \"ground control points\" whose horizontal coordinates are also constrained by MOLA. The MOLA data are believed to have an absolute accuracy on the order of 100 m horizontally. Additional improvements result from use of updated timing and orientation data for the Viking Orbiter images, improved reseau measurements and hence distortion correction of the images, and careful checking and remeasurement of control points with large residuals. The RMS error of the solution is 15.8 µm (~1.3 Viking pixels, ~280 m on the ground). The IAU/IAG 2000 coordinate system is used for the network and the mosaic.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"XXth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV","conferenceDate":"July 12-23, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Istanbul, Turkey","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS)","usgsCitation":"Archinal, B.A., Lee, E., Kirk, R.L., Duxbury, T.C., Sucharski, R.M., Cook, D., and Barrett, J.M., 2004, A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network, in XXth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV, v. 35, no. B4, Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-23, 2004, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXV/congress/comm4/comm4.aspx"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"35","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Ella M. elee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Ella M.","email":"elee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":757954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duxbury, T. C.","contributorId":91983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duxbury","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sucharski, Robert M. bsucharski@usgs.gov","contributorId":5051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sucharski","given":"Robert","email":"bsucharski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":757957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook, Debbie 0000-0001-9973-9929","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-9929","contributorId":202343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barrett, Janet M. jbarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":5054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Janet","email":"jbarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70209797,"text":"70209797 - 2004 - Reply to the comment on “Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada”, by Y.V. Dublyansky, S.E. Smirnov and G.P. Palyanova","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T15:30:38.917562","indexId":"70209797","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-24T10:18:17","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to the comment on “Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada”, by Y.V. Dublyansky, S.E. Smirnov and G.P. Palyanova","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.04.006","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J., Paces, J.B., Peterman, Z.E., Marshall, B.D., and Neymark, L., 2004, Reply to the comment on “Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada”, by Y.V. Dublyansky, S.E. Smirnov and G.P. Palyanova: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 11, p. 1879-1889, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.04.006.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1879","endPage":"1889","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":39425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":167699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. 0000-0003-4190-0278 lneymark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":140338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid A.","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70258618,"text":"70258618 - 2004 - Global environmental databases from CEOS agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T15:46:14.966684","indexId":"70258618","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-23T10:41:45","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Global environmental databases from CEOS agencies","docAbstract":"The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) is an international organization charged with coordinating international civil spaceborne missions designed to observe and study planet Earth. Comprising 44 space agencies and other national and international organizations, CEOS is recognized as the major international forum for the coordination of Earth observation satellite programs and for the interaction of these programs with users of satellite data worldwide.
CEOS was created in 1984 in response to a recommendation from the Economic Summit of Industrialized Nations Working Group on Growth, Technology, and Employment’s Panel of Experts on Satellite Remote Sensing. This group recognized the multidisciplinary nature of satellite Earth observation and the value of coordination across all proposed missions.
The CEOS members collect, maintain, apply, and make available data from space missions that encompass the atmospheric, terrestrial, and oceanographic fields. Collectively, these members possess petabytes of Earth observation data critical to understanding the Earth environment. Uses include monitoring oil slicks, evaluating human-induced changes to the atmosphere, determining mineral exploration areas, assessing the environmental effects of volcanic eruptions, measuring the growth of urban areas, determining where landscapes have changed because of urban growth trends, improving the efficiency of fishing as a world food stock, monitoring pest infestation, managing crop production, predicting climate and weather, and numerous other applications vital to industry, national infrastructures, and the world as a whole.
The vast amount of satellite obtained, environmental data the CEOS members possess represents a fertile resource for researchers worldwide to exploit.
","conferenceTitle":"Geo-imagery bridging continents, Congress, 20th","conferenceDate":"July 12-23, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Istanbul, Turkey","language":"English","publisher":"ISPRS","usgsCitation":"Faundeen, J., Petiteville, I., and Fisher, T., 2004, Global environmental databases from CEOS agencies, Geo-imagery bridging continents, Congress, 20th, Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-23, 2004, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":434901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXV/congress/comm4/comm4.aspx","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faundeen, John 0000-0003-0287-2921 faundeen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-2921","contributorId":3097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faundeen","given":"John","email":"faundeen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petiteville, I.","contributorId":344300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petiteville","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38836,"text":"European Space Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, T.","contributorId":38854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211193,"text":"70211193 - 2004 - Geotechnical characterization of TriNet sites: A status report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T15:58:11.199324","indexId":"70211193","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-16T13:50:35","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical characterization of TriNet sites: A status report","docAbstract":"The TriNet project, launched in 1997, created an improved, real-time seismic monitoring network in Southern California. Planning of the network began in 1995 (e.g., Heaton et al., 1996), building on the success of the earlier TERRAscope network, which included 24 digital broadband and strong-motion instruments throughout Southern California (e.g., Kanamori et al., 1993). At the end of the five-year TriNet project the network comprised 150 real-time digital broadband stations and another 400 strong-motion sensors, 50 of which were also real-time. This network is now recording digital broadband data for Southern California earthquakes at an unprecedented rate, data that are already proving valuable for investigations of earthquake sources and regional wave propagation, as well as earthquake response.
In this report we describe an ongoing effort aimed at a full geotechnical characterization of the newly installed TriNet sets. Shallow geologic structure is known to play a substantial role in controlling the ground motions recorded at any site. Documentation of amplified ground motion at soft-sediment sites can be found among even early macroseismic observations of strong ground motions (e.g., Drake, 1815). Seismic waves are also now known to be strongly affected by deep basin structure as well (e.g., Frankel et al., 1991; Field, 2000; Joyner, 2000). It will be necessary to understand these effects to exploit fully the rich data set being recorded at TriNet sites. Clearly, the nature of site conditions and site response at the recording sites must be understood for studies focused on ground motions and hazard from future large earthquakes, but it is also necessary to understand these effects to conduct earthquake source studies of both large and small earthquakes.
Our multifaceted site characterization project involves geological/geotechnical site investigations, database development, and investigation of empirical amplification factors determined from broadband and strong-motion data recorded to date. Our goal is to complete a first-order geologic site characterization by 2005 and then employ appropriate methods to obtain direct constraint on shallow shear-wave velocity structure at each site. In the latter effort we will endeavor to find the most accurate and cost-effective methods to quantify geotechnical parameters at sites that have ranges of geologic site conditions and cultural settings.
Our long-term goal is to obtain direct estimates of the average shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m, Vs30, at each site. If velocity information is available to greater depths, for example at sites characterized under the ROSRINE project (http://geoinfo.usc.edu/rosrine/), this information will be included in the database as well. The original motivation for using Vs30 to characterize near-surface velocity was pragmatic, determined by such factors as the typical reach of a drill rig in a single day. The parameter has become the accepted standard with which many seismic recording sites are characterized, however. In a recent study using mainshock and aftershock recordings at sites in the Los Angeles region, Wald and Mori (2000) observed good correlation between Vs30 and amplification at 1-7 Hz, albeit with significant scatter.
The purpose of this report is threefold. First, we describe our ongoing efforts and present site characterization results collected to date for 62 broadband and strong-motion stations in and around the greater Los Angeles metropolitan region. Second, we present preliminary results that illustrate how improved geologic site characterizations can improve the correlation between site conditions and site response. Finally, we invite feedback from the community to guide our future investigations, in particular with respect to our ongoing database development efforts.
The Mw 6.5 San Simeon earthquake struck the central California coast on 22 December 2003 at 19:15:56 UTC (11:15:56 am local time.) The epicenter was located 11 km northeast of the town of San Simeon, and 39 km west-northwest of Paso Robles (Figure 1), as reported by the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN, the California region of the Advanced National Seismic System [ANSS]). The mainshock nucleated at 35.702°N, 121.108°W and a depth of 7.1 km, and the rupture propagated unilaterally to the southeast. The strong directivity of the rupture resulted in a concentration of damage and aftershock activity to the southeast of the hypocenter. The worst earthquake damage occurred in Paso Robles, where two people died in the collapse of an unreinforced masonry building. The accurate and rapid earthquake information provided in near real-time by CISN/ANSS to the Governor's Office of Emergency Services made it possible to focus emergency response in the source area, although the earthquake was felt from San Francisco to Los Angeles.
The San Simeon earthquake occurred on a reverse fault striking northwest and most likely dipping to the northeast. Although motion along the Pacific-North America plate boundary in California is dominantly strike-slip, there is a small compressional component through central California. Repeated thrust earthquakes such as the San Simeon event accommodate this compression and build the Coast Ranges. Other recent thrust earthquakes in central California include the 1983 Coalinga (M 6.4) and the 1985 Kettleman Hills (M 6.0) earthquakes. Prior earthquakes in the vicinity of the San Simeon event include a M 5-6 earthquake in 1853, a M 5.7 earthquake in 1906, and the ML 6.2 Bryson earthquake of 1952 (Figure 1) (McLaren and Savage, 2001.)
The San Simeon earthquake occurred on a previously unknown blind thrust fault. No surface rupture associated with the earthquake has been identified. A number of roads, including State Highway 46, buckled due to the earthquake, but this deformation appears mainly to be failure of road fill due to ground shaking and not the result of tectonic surface rupture. Extrapolation of the fault plane to the surface would roughly align with the surface trace of the Oceanic Fault, but this is thought to be a vertical strike-slip fault.
Two models for the kinematics of the region have previously been proposed. The first is a fault-propagation fold model developed by Namson and Davis (1990) for the Santa Lucia mountains ∼30 km to the southeast of the San Simeon sequence. The mainshock geometry is similar to, although more steeply dipping than, the main blind thrust of this model, implying that this model may be applicable to the San Simeon region as well. The second is the model of McLaren and Savage (2001), in which the region is dominated by strike-slip faulting with shortening on high-angle reverse faults. This model also may be applicable, although the dip of the San Simeon mainshock is shallower than predicted.
The San Simeon earthquake was followed by a vigorous aftershock sequence, with 165 events above M 3 reported by CISN within the first week of the mainshock. Although the event triggered many aftershocks, it did not significantly impact the seismicity rates of other nearby faults such as the San Andreas Fault and the San Simeon-Hosgri fault zone. The only triggered seismicity seems to be a few small events within the mainshock coda at the Geysers geothermal area, north of San Francisco. The San Simeon earthquake did, however, trigger shallow creep on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield and hydrologic changes in hot springs in Paso Robles.
The downstream effects of timber harvest in the Ozarks of Missouri can be evaluated by analogy to other geographic areas and by historical analysis of responses to past land use activities. Based on research from other geographic regions, timber harvest in the Ozarks would be expected to have minor effects on annual water yield and dissolved-phase water quality. The potential exists for haul roads to increase stormflow discharges and sediment yields. Of the possible downstream effects, sediment yield is potentially the most severe and difficult to predict; siting and design of roads are probably the most critical management concerns for minimizing downstream effects. Historical analysis shows that Ozark streams have been destabilized by past land use practices, primarily in the riparian zone. Therefore, present-day timber harvest takes place in a landscape where streams have lowered resilience to disturbance. Predictions of future downstream effects of timber harvest in the Ozarks are complicated by the inherent complexity of cumulative watershed effects and the lack of detailed, long-term instrumental records at appropriate scales.
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planet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-16T12:32:53","indexId":"70188602","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology for a crowded planet","docAbstract":"Within the next 50 to 100 years, the support and maintenance of an extended human family of 8 to 11 billion people will be difficult at best. The authors of this Policy Forum describe changes that are required if we hope to meet the needs and aspirations of humans while improving the health of our planet's ecosystems. Problems as diverse as disease transmission and global climate change have benefited substantially from advances in ecology. Such advances have set the stage for emergence of a proactive ecological science in which social and political realities are acknowledged and attention is turned decisively toward the future. The ecological sciences must chart an understanding of how ecosystem services can persist given their extensive human use. Innovative research on the sciences of ecosystem services, ecological restoration, and ecological design must be massively accelerated and must be accompanied by more effective communication of ecological knowledge to society.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1095780","usgsCitation":"Palmer, M., Bernhardt, E., Chornesky, E., Collins, S., Dobson, A., Duke, C.S., Gold, B., Jacobson, R., Kingsland, S.E., Kranz, R.H., Mappin, M.J., Martinez, M.L., Micheli, F., Morse, J.L., Pace, M., Pascual, M., Palumbi, S.S., Reichman, O.J., Simons, A., Townsend, A.R., and Turner, M., 2004, Ecology for a crowded planet: Science, v. 304, no. 5675, p. 1251-1252, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095780.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1252","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"304","issue":"5675","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5944ee19e4b062508e33361e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, Margaret","contributorId":101959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, Emily S.","contributorId":92143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Emily S.","affiliations":[{"id":27331,"text":"Duke University, Durham, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chornesky, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":193015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chornesky","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collins, Scott L.","contributorId":71307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew","contributorId":193035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duke, Clifford S.","contributorId":193034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duke","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gold, Barry","contributorId":193016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gold","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert","contributorId":74993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kingsland, Sharon E.","contributorId":193017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kingsland","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kranz, Rhonda H.","contributorId":193018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kranz","given":"Rhonda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mappin, Michael J.","contributorId":193019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mappin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Martinez, M. Luisa","contributorId":193020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Luisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Micheli, Fiorenza","contributorId":6731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micheli","given":"Fiorenza","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Morse, Jennifer L.","contributorId":193021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Pace, Michael L.","contributorId":54498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pascual, Mercedes","contributorId":81239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascual","given":"Mercedes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Palumbi, Stephen S.","contributorId":193022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palumbi","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Reichman, O. J.","contributorId":172918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Simons, Ashley","contributorId":193036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simons","given":"Ashley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Townsend, Alan R.","contributorId":62868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Turner, Monica","contributorId":193037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Monica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70188606,"text":"70188606 - 2004 - The H4IIE cell bioassay as an indicator of dioxin-like chemicals in wildlife and the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-16T13:48:25","indexId":"70188606","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5427,"text":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The H4IIE cell bioassay as an indicator of dioxin-like chemicals in wildlife and the environment","docAbstract":"The H4IIE cell bioassay has proven utility as a screening tool for planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs) and structurally similar chemicals accumulated in organisms from the wild. This bioassay has additional applications in hazard assessment of PHH exposed populations. In this review, the toxicological principles, current protocols, performance criteria, and field applications for the assay are described. The H4IIE cell bioassay has several advantages over the analytical measurement of PHHs in environmental samples, but conclusions from studies can be strengthened when both bioassay and analytical chemistry data are presented together. Often, the bioassay results concur with biological effects in organisms and support direct measures of PHHs. For biomonitoring purposes and prioritization of PHH-contaminated environments, the H4IIE bioassay may be faster and less expensive than analytical measurements. The H4IIE cell bioassay can be used in combination with other biomarkers such as in vivo measurements of CYP1A1 induction to help pinpoint the sources and identities of dioxin-like chemicals. The number of studies that measure H4IIE-derived TCDD-EQs continues to increase, resulting in subtle improvements over time. Further experiments are required to determine if TCDD-EQs derived from mammalian cells are adequate predictors of toxicity to non-mammalian species. The H4IIE cell bioassay has been used in over 300 published studies, and its combination of speed, simplicity, and ability to integrate the effects of complex containment mixtures makes it a valuable addition to hazard assessment and biomonitoring studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10408440490265193","usgsCitation":"White, J., Schmitt, C., and Tillitt, D., 2004, The H4IIE cell bioassay as an indicator of dioxin-like chemicals in wildlife and the environment: Critical Reviews in Toxicology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 1-83, https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440490265193.","productDescription":"83 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"83","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5944ee19e4b062508e333622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, J.J.","contributorId":193043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, C.J.","contributorId":119731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":118820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70239859,"text":"70239859 - 2004 - Proposed initiative would study Earth's weathering engine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T17:45:50.516255","indexId":"70239859","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T11:37:02","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proposed initiative would study Earth's weathering engine","docAbstract":"At the Earth's surface, a complex suite of chemical, biological, and physical processes combines to create the engine that transforms bedrock into soil (Figure 1). Earth's weathering engine provides nutrients to nourish ecosystems and human society mediates the transport of toxic components within the biosphere, creates water flow paths that carve and weaken bedrock, and contributes to the evolution of landscapes at all temporal and spatial scales. At the longest time scales, the weathering engine sequesters CO2, thereby influencing long-term climate change.
Despite the importance of soil, our knowledge of the rate of soil formation is limited because the weathering zone forms a complex, ever-changing interface, and because scientific approaches and funding paradigms have not promoted integrated research agendas to investigate such complex interactions. No national initiative has promoted a systems approach to investigation of weathering science across the broad array of geology, soil science, ecology and hydrology. Such a program is certainly needed, and this article describes a platform on which to build the initiative to answer the following question: How does the Earth weathering engine break down rock to nourish ecosystems, carve terrestrial landscapes, and control carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere?
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004EO280001","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.P., Blum, J.D., Brantley, S., Chadwick, O.A., Chorover, J., Derry, L.A., Drever, J.I., Hering, J.G., Kirchner, J.W., Kump, L.R., Richter, D.D., and White, A.F., 2004, Proposed initiative would study Earth's weathering engine: Eos Science News, v. 85, no. 28, p. 265-269, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004EO280001.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/94818","text":"External Repository"},{"id":412220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"85","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Suzanne P. 0000-0002-6796-6649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-6649","contributorId":172732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Joel D.","contributorId":83657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brantley, Susan L.","contributorId":38461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chadwick, Oliver A.","contributorId":88244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chorover, Jon 0000-0001-9497-0195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-0195","contributorId":139472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chorover","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Derry, Louis A.","contributorId":201154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derry","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Drever, James I.","contributorId":68661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drever","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hering, Janet G.","contributorId":301137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hering","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kirchner, J. W.","contributorId":213854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirchner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kump, Lee R.","contributorId":195147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kump","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Richter, Daniel D.","contributorId":99458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70239858,"text":"70239858 - 2004 - Suspended sediment and hydrodynamics above mildly sloped long wave ripples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T17:33:05.86704","indexId":"70239858","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T11:11:48","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment and hydrodynamics above mildly sloped long wave ripples","docAbstract":"We investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of suspended sediment and the associated hydrodynamics over mildly sloped long wave ripples on the inner shelf. These bedforms had wavelengths of approximately 1 m and heights of approximately 5 cm, in a mean water depth of 4 m. The vertical and temporal structures of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) are consistent with the entrainment of sediment on the offshore flank of the ripple, and rapid vertical mixing at the time of flow reversal, followed by advection onshore by the onshore fluid motion. This work confirms that the mechanism for sediment suspension above low-amplitude, long wave ripples is similar to the vortex formation process expected over steeper vortex ripples. Numerical simulations of the flow using the Dune2d model indicate that a separated rotational flow structure is generated at the flank of the ripple on the seaward side of the ripple crest, near the time of flow reversal. The simulations indicate that only one vortex is formed during each wave period, in agreement with the field observations. This asymmetry is due mainly to the presence of an offshore mean near-bed current of approximately 6 to 8 cm/s. The SSC is calculated by the model and compared to the field observations. A hydraulic bed roughness of 10 to 15 median grain diameters (d50) was used in order to match the model prediction to the observed SSC approximately 1 cm above the seabed (cab). However, the modeled SSC and turbulent kinetic energy were significantly lower than the field observations at elevations exceeding approximately 2 cab.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003JC001900","usgsCitation":"Chang, Y.S., and Hanes, D.M., 2004, Suspended sediment and hydrodynamics above mildly sloped long wave ripples: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 109, no. C7, C07022, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001900.","productDescription":"C07022, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jc001900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Duck","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineering Field Research Facility","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.77189881189373,\n 36.21331821630953\n ],\n [\n -75.76971073533308,\n 36.20184233662506\n ],\n [\n -75.76095842909204,\n 36.17800244108609\n ],\n [\n -75.76095842909204,\n 36.16475491912439\n ],\n [\n -75.75603525683186,\n 36.160780225864826\n ],\n [\n -75.74673593145094,\n 36.134718912950845\n ],\n [\n -75.75439419941165,\n 36.12544076301299\n ],\n [\n -75.7456418931706,\n 36.092737588933645\n ],\n [\n -75.7084445916468,\n 36.102019603129875\n ],\n [\n -75.74290679747055,\n 36.16696299496509\n ],\n [\n -75.7642405439325,\n 36.21773156810583\n ],\n [\n -75.77189881189373,\n 36.21331821630953\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"C7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Yeon S.","contributorId":301136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Yeon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56956,"text":"wri034327 - 2004 - Reconnaissance of chemical and biological quality in the Owyhee River from the Oregon State line to the Owyhee Reservoir, Oregon, 2001–02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:19:45","indexId":"wri034327","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4327","title":"Reconnaissance of chemical and biological quality in the Owyhee River from the Oregon State line to the Owyhee Reservoir, Oregon, 2001–02","docAbstract":"The Owyhee River drains an extremely rugged and sparsely populated landscape in northern Nevada, southwestern Idaho, and eastern Oregon. Most of the segment between the Oregon State line and Lake Owyhee is part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and few water-quality data exist for evaluating environmental impacts. As a result, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, assessed this river segment to characterize chemical and biological quality of the river, identify where designated beneficial uses are met and where changes in stream quality occur, and provide data needed to address activities related to environmental impact assessments and Total Maximum Daily Loads. Water-quality issues identified at one or more sites were water temperature, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, trace elements, fecal bacteria, benthic invertebrate communities, and periphyton communities. \n\nGenerally, summer water temperatures routinely exceeded Oregon's maximum 7-day average criteria of 17.8 degrees Celsius. The presence of few coldwater taxa in benthic invertebrate communities supports this observation. Suspended-sediment concentrations during summer base flow were less than 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 46 to 222 mg/L, were highest during base flow, and tended to increase in a downstream direction. Chemical compositions of water samples indicated that large proportions of upland-derived water extend to the lower reaches of the study area during spring runoff. Dissolved fluoride and arsenic concentrations were highest during base flow and may be a result of geothermal springs discharging to the river. No dissolved selenium was detected. \n\nUpstream from the Rome area, spring runoff concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 0 to 52 mg/L, and all except at the Three Forks site were typically below 20 mg/L. Stream-bottom materials from the North Fork Owyhee River, an area with no mines, were enriched with nine trace elements, which indicates that this basin may be a natural source of these elements.\n\nNear Rome, the part of the study area not included in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, land-use impacts resulted in elevated populations of Escherichia coli bacteria (E. coli) during base flow and elevated concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus during spring runoff. Sites in this area had the highest numbers of benthic invertebrates; the fewest Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa; and the highest Hilsenhoff Biotic Index scores. These results suggest degraded stream quality. Periphyton communities at sites in this area approached nuisance levels and could cause significant dissolved oxygen depletions and pH values that exceed Oregon's recommended criteria. Stream-bottom materials from Jordan Creek were enriched with mercury and manganese, which probably were ultimately caused by past mining in that basin.\n\nBelow Crooked Creek, elevated suspended sediment concentrations (142 mg/L), phosphorus concentrations (0.23 mg/L), and E. coli populations (370 most probable number per 100 milliliters) during the largest spring runoff event could be the result of inputs at the lower end of Jordan Valley and (or) inputs from Crooked Creek. The New Zealand Mud Snail, a highly competitive gastropod introduced to the Snake River in the 1980s, was collected just downstream from the Crooked Creek confluence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034327","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, Vale District Office, Vale, Oregon","usgsCitation":"Hardy, M.A., Maret, T.R., and George, D.L., 2004, Reconnaissance of chemical and biological quality in the Owyhee River from the Oregon State line to the Owyhee Reservoir, Oregon, 2001–02 (Revised December 7, 2004): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4327, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034327.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262392,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4327/report.pdf"},{"id":262393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4327/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Nevada;Oregon","county":"Malheur","city":"Rome","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.1072,40.9902 ], [ -118.1072,43.9911 ], [ -115.8438,43.9911 ], [ -115.8438,40.9902 ], [ -118.1072,40.9902 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised December 7, 2004","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardy, Mark A.","contributorId":50902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maret, Terry R. trmaret@usgs.gov","contributorId":953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"Terry","email":"trmaret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":56955,"text":"wri034318 - 2004 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:30:19.544532","indexId":"wri034318","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4318","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the determination of 28 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 25 alkylated PAH homolog groups in sediment samples is described. The compounds are extracted from sediment by solvent extraction, followed by partial isolation using high-performance gel permeation chromatography. The compounds are identified and uantitated using capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The report presents performance data for full-scan ion monitoring. Method detection limits in laboratory reagent matrix samples range from 1.3 to 5.1 micrograms per kilogram for the 28 PAHs. The 25 groups of alkylated PAHs are homologs of five groups of isomeric parent PAHs. Because of the lack of authentic standards, these homologs are reported semiquantitatively using a response factor from a parent PAH or a specific alkylated PAH. Precision data for the alkylated PAH homologs are presented using two different standard reference manuals produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology: SRM 1941b and SRM 1944. The percent relative standard deviations for identified alkylated PAH homolog groups ranged from 1.55 to 6.98 for SRM 1941b and from 6.11 to 12.0 for SRM 1944. Homolog group concentrations reported under this method include the concentrations of individually identified compounds that are members of the group. \r\n\r\nOrganochlorine (OC) pesticides--including toxaphene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organophosphate (OP) pesticides--can be isolated simultaneously using this method. \r\n\r\nIn brief, sediment samples are centrifuged to remove excess water and extracted overnight with dichloromethan (95 percent) and methanol (5 percent). The extract is concentrated and then filtered through a 0.2-micrometer polytetrafluoroethylene syringe filter. The PAH fraction is isolated by quantitatively injecting an aliquot of sample onto two polystyrene-divinylbenzene gel-permeation chromatographic columns connected in series. The compounds are eluted with dichloromethane, a PAH fraction is collected, and a portion of the coextracted interferences, including elemental sulfur, is separated and discarded. The extract is solvent exchanged, the volume is reduced, and internal standard is added. Sample analysis is completed using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and full-scan acquisition.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034318","usgsCitation":"Olson, M.C., Iverson, J.L., Furlong, E.T., and Schroeder, M.P., 2004, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4318, vii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034318.","productDescription":"vii, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":88170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4318/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4318/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":5713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/pubs/WRIR03-4318/WRIR03-4318.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Mary C.","contributorId":91931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Jana L. jiverson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Jana","email":"jiverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":255981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, Michael P.","contributorId":103303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}