The publication of the non-equilibrium formula in 1935 in a paper by Theis marked the opening of a new era in the analysis and understanding of the hydraulics of percolating ground waters. Through the past decade 9 an ever-increasing number of engineers and geologists have become familiar-with the application of this formula to practical problems of ground-water flow and have tested it in the field, against precise observations, under controlled conditions. Although the highly idealized aquifer assumed for the derivation of this formula is not of widespread occurrence in the field, we gain increasing confidence in the use of the Theis method as our backlog of proven data accumulates until we now look askance at test data which do not conform to this theory. In many cases, careful study of these anomalous data will reveal the means for estimating the degree or manner in which an observed aquifer diverges from the idealized aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","usgsCitation":"Ferris, J.G., 1948, Ground water hydraulics as a geophysical aid: Technical Report 1, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-TR01_302969_7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df19e4b05ec79911d213","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferris, John G.","contributorId":14251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048752,"text":"tem73 - 1948 - Preliminary notes on distribution of uranium in the Florida pebble phosphate field and suggestions for studying and sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:34:40","indexId":"tem73","displayToPublicDate":"1948-01-01T09:13:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73","title":"Preliminary notes on distribution of uranium in the Florida pebble phosphate field and suggestions for studying and sampling","docAbstract":"The accompanying map and sections show examples of the present state of information about the occurrence of the \"Leached\" uranium-bearing bed in the Florida pebble phosphate district. The dashed lines on the map define, as closely as present data permit, the limit of the area in which this bed contains significant amounts of uranium. The figures next to localities on the map indicate first, the thickness of the bed in feet; and second the uranium content in thousandths of percent. For example, the figures 16-10 next to the TVA localities in Secs. 9 and 10, T. 32 S., R. 26 E. indicate 16 feet at 0.010 percent uranium. A \"0\" by a locality indicates either that the uranium content is less than 0.001 percent or less than the concentration in the underlying phosphate beds (matrix of the miners) or that the leached bed is not present.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem73","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1948, Preliminary notes on distribution of uranium in the Florida pebble phosphate field and suggestions for studying and sampling: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 73, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem73.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":282971,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0073/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.1629,27.0925 ], [ -82.1629,28.258 ], [ -80.9673,28.258 ], [ -80.9673,27.0925 ], [ -82.1629,27.0925 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5274cd80e4b089748f072442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000453,"text":"1000453 - 1948 - Turbidity as a factor in the decline of Great Lakes fishes with special reference to Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T13:25:37","indexId":"1000453","displayToPublicDate":"1948-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbidity as a factor in the decline of Great Lakes fishes with special reference to Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Fish live and thrive in water with turbidities that range above 400 p.p.m. and average 200 p.p.m. The waters of the Great Lakes usually are clear except in Lake Erie where the turbidities of the inshore areas averaged 37 p.p.m.; the turbidities of the offshore waters averaged less. Lake Erie waters were no clearer 50 years ago than they are now. In fact, the turbidity values are less now than they were in the earlier years; the annual average of the inshore waters dropped from 44 p.p.m. before 1930 to 32 p.p.m. in 1930 and later, and the April-May values decreased from 72 p.p.m. to 46 p.p.m. Any general decline in the Lake Erie fishes cannot be attributed to increased turbidities. Furthermore, these turbidities averaged well below 100 p.p.m. and, therefore, were too low to affect fishes adversely.
\nTurbidity in the open waters of Lake Erie is primarily the result of wave action induced by winds. River discharge is a minor factor even in the western end of the lake. Other probable factors are plankton, the eastward movement of the water mass, currents, seiches, and possibly bacteria. Wave action is undoubtedly the dominant agency in soil erosion along the shores of all of the Great Lakes.
\nNo evidence exists that fluctuations in the abundance of zooplankton, the basic food of fishes, and of the fishes themselves are positively correlated in Lake Erie or that the plankton crop in this lake is ever in short supply. On the contrary, all available evidence shows that Lake Erie is comparatively rich in plankton and that the western end in spite of its turbidity is richer than the eastern. Some factor other than turbidity dominates the basic productivity of western Lake Erie.
\nWith respect to turbidity Lake Erie has not become less suitable for fishes. This conclusion also receives support from the study of the fishes themselves. It was demonstrated that the growth of the western Lake Erie fishes compared very favorably with that of fishes in the other Great Lakes or similar waters.
\nIt was shown further that the known occurrence of relatively strong year classes in this lake was not consistently associated with low turbidities and conversely that the known low turbidities of the Lake Erie waters were not always accompanied by large year classes. Also, contrary to the “turbidity theory,” certain clean-water varieties, such as the walleye, have increased tremendously in recent years in Lake Erie, whereas the supposedly turbid-water forms, such as the sauger, have decreased in abundance. Reference was made to Doan's work, wherein he attempted to show correlation between turbidity and abundance for several species of Lake Erie fish but failed to do so except for the sauger where he reported a positive correlation. With respect to the productivity of fishes Lake Erie ranks first among the Great Lakes, and the western end in spite of its greater turbidity surpasses the eastern. As judged by certain accepted standards of water suitability, Lake Erie ranks high, and the western end again surpasses the eastern. Finally, it was pointed out that fishes which inhabit the clear waters of the Great Lakes declined as well as those which live in the more turbid waters and that turbidity, therefore, cannot be a factor in the depletion of all Great Lakes fishes. Furthermore, the reduction in abundance repeatedly has been associated with increased fishing intensity.
\nAll of the evidence indicates, then, that soil erosion on farms and the turbidity of the water were not major factors, if operative at all, in the decline of Great Lakes fishes and that they did not make Lake Erie unsuitable for fish life.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1945)75[281:TAAFIT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1948, Turbidity as a factor in the decline of Great Lakes fishes with special reference to Lake Erie: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 75, no. 1, p. 281-322, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1945)75[281:TAAFIT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"322","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2149,"text":"wsp1048 - 1948 - Discharge and sediment loads in the Boise River drainage basin, Idaho 1939-40","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T20:30:56.743928","indexId":"wsp1048","displayToPublicDate":"1948-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1048","title":"Discharge and sediment loads in the Boise River drainage basin, Idaho 1939-40","docAbstract":"The Boise River project is a highly developed agricultural area comprising some \n520 square miles of valley and bench lands in southwestern Idaho. Water for \nirrigation is obtained from the Boise River and its tributaries which are regulated \nby storage in Arrow Rock and Deer Flat reservoirs. Distribution of water to the \nfarms is effected by 27 principal canals and several small farm laterals which \ndivert directly from the river. The- New York Canal, which is the largest, not \nonly supplies water to smaller canals and farm laterals, but also is used to fill \nDeer Flat Reservoir near Nampa from which water is furnished to farms in the \nlower valley. During the past 15 years maintenance costs in a number of those \ncanals have increased due to deposition of sediment in them and in the river \nchannel itself below the mouth of Moore Creek.
\nInterest in determining the runoff and sediment loads from certain areas in the \nBoise River drainage basin led to an investigation by the Flood Control Coordinating \nCommittee of the Department of Agriculture. Measurements of daily \ndischarge and sediments loads were made by the Geological Survey at 13 stations \nin the drainage basin during the 18-month period ended June 30, 1940. The \nstations were on streams in areas having different kinds of vegetative cover and \nsubjected to different kinds of land-use practice. Data obtained during the investigation \nfurnish a basis for certain comparisons of runoff and sediment loads \nfrom several areas arid for several periods of time.
\nRunoff measured at stations on the. Boise River near Twin Springs and on \nMoore Creek near Arrow Rock was smaller during 1939 than during 1940 and was \nbelow the average annual runoff for the period of available record. Runoff \nmeasured at the other stations on the project also was smaller during 1939 than \nduring 1940 and probably did not exceed the average for the previous 25 years.
\nThe sediment loads measured during the spring runoff in 1939 were smaller \nat most stations than those measured during the spring runoff in 1940. At those \nstations where the flow was not affected, or only slightly affected, by upstream \ndiversions or by placer-mining operations, the largest sadiment loads per unit of \ndrainage area were measured in Grouse Creek during both 1939 and 1940, amounting \nto 3,460 and 2,490 tons per square mile, respectively, and the smallest loads \nper unit of drainage area were measured in Bannock Creek during 1939 and in the \nBoise River near Twin Springs during 1940, amounting to 14 and 83 tons per \nsquare mile, respectively.
\nSize anaylses of a large number of samples of suspended and deposited \nsediments give an indication of the origin of sediments carried past some of the \nstations. The analyses show that most of the sediment measured at the five \nstations in the Moore Creek drainages basin above Idaho City consisted largely of \ncoarse material. They show, also, that the sediment measured at the station on \nMoore Creek above Thorn Creek consisted almost entirely of fine material during \npractically the entire period of the investigation. Most of the coarse material passing \nthe stations above Idaho City probably was retained behind the dikes or in \nthe pools usually formed by tailings from dredging operations in the placer-mining \narea below Idaho City, and much of the fine material measured at the station \non Moore Creek above Thorn Creek probably was contributed by placer-mining \nactivity. During the years when the spring runoff is greater than that measured \nduring 1939 and 1940, it is probable that the dikes and pools will be less effective \nin retaining coarse sediments within the placered area.
\nRecords of sediment loads measured in the New York Canal indicate that a \nnegligible amount of sediment was deposited there during 1939, but that in 1940 \nfrom 10 to 15 percent of the total load at the gaging station consisted of coarse \nsediment which was later deposited on the canal bottom. Most of the fine material \nwas doubtless carried through the canal and eventually deposited in diversion \nditches and on farm land. Because the sediment carried past the station on Moore \nCreek above Thorn Creek consisted almost entirely of fine material, it is probable, \nthat a considerable part of the coarse sediment carried in the New York Canal \nduring the 1940 spring runoff period was scoured from the large bed of deposited \nmaterial in the Boise River above Diversion- Dam, and that the remainder came \nfrom Grimes Creek. Arrow Rock Reservoir was not sluiced during the investigation, \nand it is therefore unlikely that any of the coarse sediment in the New York \nCanal came from the Boise River above Moore Creek during 1939 and 1940.
\nThe average dry weight of 71 samples of deposited sediments collected from \nseveral parts of the Boise River drainage basin is about 90 pounds per cubic \nfoot. The average specific gravity of 77 samples of deposited sediments is 2.57.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control Coordinating Committee, United States Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., and Benedict, P.C., 1948, Discharge and sediment loads in the Boise River drainage basin, Idaho 1939-40: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1048, v, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1048.","productDescription":"v, 150 p.","numberOfPages":"165","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24198.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27759,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 43.273\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 44.075\n ],\n [\n -114.75,\n 44.075\n ],\n [\n -114.75,\n 43.273\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 43.273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aaaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, Paul Charles","contributorId":32135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179961,"text":"70179961 - 1948 - Flood of August 1942 in the Ontonagon River basin, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T14:10:22","indexId":"70179961","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Flood of August 1942 in the Ontonagon River basin, Michigan","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/70179961","usgsCitation":"Noecker, M., and Wiitala, S., 1948, Flood of August 1942 in the Ontonagon River basin, Michigan: Open-File Report, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70179961.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Ontonagon River basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883303be4b0d00231637832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noecker, Max","contributorId":39349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noecker","given":"Max","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiitala, S.W.","contributorId":41806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiitala","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160500,"text":"70160500 - 1947 - Disease control in hatchery fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T12:07:49","indexId":"70160500","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":29,"text":"Fishery Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"subseriesTitle":"222","title":"Disease control in hatchery fish","docAbstract":"A direct method for controlling diseases among hatchery fish has long been sought as an alternative to the earlier technique of hand dipping. A simple, practical, effective method of direct pond treatment not only obviates all need for handling fish weakened by disease, but it would materially reduce the time and effort required by hatcherymen in keeping diseases under control. Furthermore, a direct pond treatment could be used for routine prophylaxis to eradicate diseases during their incipient stages--long before their presence becomes apparent.
\nSeveral methods for applying direct pond treatments in coldwater-fish culture have been proposed. Kingsbury and Embody (1932) developed a technique for applying disinfectants directly to the inflowing water of a pond. Later, Fish (1939) advocated a method involving the recirculation of a disinfecting solution through a fish pond. For various reasons, neither of these methods proved to be an effective answer to the problem of controlling hatchery diseases and neither became widely adopted.
\nThe method described herein has been extensively tested, both in the laboratory and at the producing hatchery, over a period of several years. Once familiarity with the details of application have been mastered, th8 reduction in effort required to treat fish is amazing. For example, two men have treated 20 large ponds containing several million fish, in one morning with no significant increase in mortality of the fish, whereas a crew of eight men required a full day to treat a single similar pond by hand dipping the fish with a subsequent loss approximating 50 percent of the stock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Fish, F.F., 1947, Disease control in hatchery fish: Fishery Leaflet, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312584,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/fisheryleaflets.htm"},{"id":312583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/Fishery%20Leaflets/leaflet222.pdf","text":"pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930c4e4b0da412f4fb54a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, F. F.","contributorId":82572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040235,"text":"70040235 - 1947 - Record of wells in Queens County, N.Y., Supplement 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-09T17:16:16","indexId":"70040235","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:12:27","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"GW-11","title":"Record of wells in Queens County, N.Y., Supplement 1","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Power and Control Commission","usgsCitation":"Roberts, C., and Jaster, M.C., 1947, Record of wells in Queens County, N.Y., Supplement 1: Bulletin GW-11, 123 p.; 1 Plate.","productDescription":"123 p.; 1 Plate","numberOfPages":"123","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.7600,40.4800 ], [ -79.7600,45.0200 ], [ -71.8600,45.0200 ], [ -71.8600,40.4800 ], [ -79.7600,40.4800 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a27be4b0e8fec6cdb606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, C.M.","contributorId":75107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaster, M. C.","contributorId":67577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaster","given":"M.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175659,"text":"70175659 - 1947 - Geology and ground-water resources of Scott County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:45:08","indexId":"70175659","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T09:30:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Scott County, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Waite, H.A., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of Scott County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 66, Report: 216 p.","productDescription":"Report: 216 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58acee4b03bcb0104bba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, H. A.","contributorId":173753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175824,"text":"70175824 - 1947 - Methods used in ground-water investigations in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T01:13:35.998076","indexId":"70175824","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-10T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods used in ground-water investigations in Kansas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V., 1947, Methods used in ground-water investigations in Kansas: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 58, no. 12, p. 1273-1273.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1273","endPage":"1273","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dd2e4b03fd6b7da3827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175656,"text":"70175656 - 1947 - Methods used in estimating the groundwater supply in the Wichita, Kansas well-field area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:37:56","indexId":"70175656","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-15T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods used in estimating the groundwater supply in the Wichita, Kansas well-field area","docAbstract":"This paper presents the methods used in studying the groundwater hydrology of an area in Harvey and Sedgwick Counties, Kansas, from which the city of Wichita derives its water supply. A summary of the data available for study is presented and several hydrologic factors are evaluated. The relationship between groundwater levels and precipitation is shown, and recharge is estimated. The effect of pumping on water levels is shown graphically, and the quantity of water withdrawn from storage is estimated from several water-table contour maps. The data are analyzed and the quantity of water available for pumping is estimated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i001p00120","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.C., and Lohman, S.W., 1947, Methods used in estimating the groundwater supply in the Wichita, Kansas well-field area: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 1, p. 120-131, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i001p00120.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b52e4b03bcb0104bc21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Charles C.","contributorId":107367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047463,"text":"70047463 - 1947 - Instructions for flood frequency compilations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T13:37:29","indexId":"70047463","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T15:49:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Instructions for flood frequency compilations","docAbstract":"These instructions are designed to facilitate work in this field, but are not to be considered as final and complete. They will be revised as needed to incorporate new ideas and experience gained in this field. For that reason, if use is planned any great period after the date shown on the cover, write the Chief Hydraulic Engineer for advice as to changes. Comments are always welcome.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Branch","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.?","doi":"10.3133/70047463","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Branch, 1947, Instructions for flood frequency compilations (Revised April 1947), 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047463.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047463.jpg"},{"id":278739,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047463/report.pdf"}],"edition":"Revised April 1947","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae7e4b0e21cafa49c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Branch","contributorId":127944,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Branch","id":535574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55540,"text":"ofr4732 - 1947 - Grande Ronde water diversion discussed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-14T13:26:21","indexId":"ofr4732","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-32","title":"Grande Ronde water diversion discussed","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4732","usgsCitation":"Helland, R., 1947, Grande Ronde water diversion discussed: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-32, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4732.","productDescription":"66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0032/report.pdf"},{"id":287142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0032/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Grande Ronde Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.960388,45.310622 ], [ -117.960388,45.326314 ], [ -117.928373,45.326314 ], [ -117.928373,45.310622 ], [ -117.960388,45.310622 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helland, R.O.","contributorId":72458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helland","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55539,"text":"ofr4712 - 1947 - Geologic features of dam sites in the Nehalem, Rogue, and Willamette River basins, Oregon, 1935-37","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T11:04:03","indexId":"ofr4712","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-12","title":"Geologic features of dam sites in the Nehalem, Rogue, and Willamette River basins, Oregon, 1935-37","docAbstract":"The present report comprises brief descriptions of geologic features at 19 potential dam sites in the Nehalem, Rogue, and Willamette River basins in western Oregon. The topography of these site and of the corresponding reservoir site was mapped in 1934-36 under an allocation of funds, by the Public Works Administration for river-utilization surveys by the Conservation Branch of the United States Geological Survey. The field program in Oregon has been under the immediate charge of R. O. Helland.
\nThe 19 dam sites are distributed as follows: three on the Nehalem River, on the west or Pacific slope of the Oregon Coast range; four on Little Butte Creek and two on Evans Creek, tributaries of the Rogue River in the eastern part of the Klamath Mountains; four on the South and Middle Santiam Rivers, tributaries of the Willamette River from the west slope of the Cascade mountains; and six on tributaries of the Willamette River from the east slope of the Coast Range.
\nExcept in the Evans Creek basin, all the rocks in the districts that were studied are of comparatively late geological age. They include volcanic rocks, crystalline rocks of several types, marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks, and recent stream deposits.
\nThe study of geologic features has sought to estimate the bearing power and water-tightness of the rocks at each dam site, also to place rather broad limits on the type of dam for which the respective sites seem best suited. It was not considered necessary to study the corresponding reservoir sites in detail for excessive leakage appears to be unlikely. Except at three of the four site in the Santiam River basin, no test pits have been dug nor exploratory holes drilled, so that geologic features have been interpreted wholly from natural outcrops and from highway and railroad cuts. Because these outcrops and cuts are few, many problems related to the construction and maintenance of dams can not be answered at the this time and all critical features of the sites should be thoroughly explored by test pits and drilled holes before any dam is designed. This applied especially to sites in the Nehalem and Willamette River basins where commonly the cover of timber and brush is dense and the rocks are rather deeply weathered.
\nOn the Middle Santiam and South Santiam Rivers, the Cascadia, Greenpeter, and Sweet Home sits have been studies intensively by the United States Engineer Department, whose work included exploration by diamond-drill holes and test pits. Their conclusions as to geologic features are given in a report by McKitrick and have been reviewed by the writer. Data from this source have been used freely in the discussion of the respective sites in this report.
\nThe probability of destructive earthquakes in the region appears to be small but is not negligible. Prudence suggests that any high dam should embody features to assure stability against moderately strong earth motions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4712","usgsCitation":"Piper, A.M., 1947, Geologic features of dam sites in the Nehalem, Rogue, and Willamette River basins, Oregon, 1935-37: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-12, Report: 111 p.; 10 plates: 10.24 x 7.98 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4712.","productDescription":"Report: 111 p.; 10 plates: 10.24 x 7.98 inches","numberOfPages":"124","temporalStart":"1935-01-01","temporalEnd":"1937-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289609,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-a-1.pdf"},{"id":289611,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-a-3.pdf"},{"id":289613,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-a-4.pdf"},{"id":289614,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-a-5.pdf"},{"id":289615,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-b-1.pdf"},{"id":289608,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/report.pdf"},{"id":289612,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-a-2.pdf"},{"id":289616,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-c-1.pdf"},{"id":289617,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-c-2.pdf"},{"id":289618,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-d.pdf"},{"id":289619,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0012/sheet-unnumbered.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.261389,44.48366 ], [ -123.261389,44.754742 ], [ -123.071457,44.754742 ], [ -123.071457,44.48366 ], [ -123.261389,44.48366 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, A. M.","contributorId":102865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42576,"text":"ofr4711 - 1947 - Preliminary geologic map of the Pleasant quadrangle, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:04","indexId":"ofr4711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-11","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Pleasant quadrangle, North Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr4711","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R., Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Smith, J.H., 1947, Preliminary geologic map of the Pleasant quadrangle, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-11, 1 map :photocopy ;59 x 39 cm., on sheet 75 x 65 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4711.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;59 x 39 cm., on sheet 75 x 65 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80347,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0011/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67adcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, Richard W.","contributorId":59409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J. Hiram","contributorId":82672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hiram","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42832,"text":"ofr477 - 1947 - Preliminary geologic map of the Minot quadrangle, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:05","indexId":"ofr477","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-7","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Minot quadrangle, North Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr477","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R., Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Smith, J.H., 1947, Preliminary geologic map of the Minot quadrangle, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-7, 1 map :photocopy ;58 x 39 cm., on sheet 74 x 65 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr477.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;58 x 39 cm., on sheet 74 x 65 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80659,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0007/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6985ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, Richard W.","contributorId":59409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J. Hiram","contributorId":82672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hiram","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1056,"text":"wsp968A - 1947 - Flood runoff in the Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:29:46","indexId":"wsp968A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"968","chapter":"A","title":"Flood runoff in the Willamette Valley, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp968A","usgsCitation":"Brands, M., 1947, Flood runoff in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 968, iv, p. 1-59 : ill., maps ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp968A.","productDescription":"iv, p. 1-59 : ill., maps ;23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25730,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brands, M.D.","contributorId":62986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brands","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4574,"text":"wsp1044 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:48","indexId":"wsp1044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1044","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1044","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1044, vi, 237 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1044.","productDescription":"vi, 237 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31631,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4589,"text":"wsp1034 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"wsp1034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1034","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1034","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1034, v, 247 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1034.","productDescription":"v, 247 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31646,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46640,"text":"ofr474 - 1947 - Geologic map of the Sawyer quadrangle, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:42","indexId":"ofr474","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-4","title":"Geologic map of the Sawyer quadrangle, North Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr474","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R., Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Jensen, F.S., 1947, Geologic map of the Sawyer quadrangle, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-4, 1 map :photocopy ;59 x 39 cm., on sheet 93 x 67 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr474.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;59 x 39 cm., on sheet 93 x 67 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":83573,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0004/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b7fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, Richard W.","contributorId":59409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, Fred S.","contributorId":82696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":590,"text":"wsp1037 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VII, Lower Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1037","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1037","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VII, Lower Mississippi River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1036","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VI, Missouri River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1036, ix, 476 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1036.","productDescription":"ix, 476 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1036/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25152,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":164,"text":"wsp1022 - 1947 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1944","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp1022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1022","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1944","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1022","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1944: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1022, v, 311 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1022.","productDescription":"v, 311 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db65498a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":323,"text":"wsp1015 - 1947 - Surface water supply of Hawaii, July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1944","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp1015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1015","title":"Surface water supply of Hawaii, July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1944","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1015","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of Hawaii, July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1944: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1015, iv, 134 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1015.","productDescription":"iv, 134 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24885,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69759c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":582,"text":"wsp1040 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part X, The Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1040","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part X, The Great Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1040","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part X, The Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1040, v, 173 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1040.","productDescription":"v, 173 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25145,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":125,"text":"wsp915 - 1947 - Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T19:21:15.107617","indexId":"wsp915","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"915","title":"Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The scientific design of flood-control works is based on an evaluation of the hydrologic factors basic to flood events, particularly how rainfall and snow runoff, soil conditions, and channel influences can combine to produce greater or lesser floods. For this purpose an analysis of the pertinent hydrologic data is needed. The methods of analysis adopted should conform as closely as possible to those already in use and must be adapted to the quality of the available information. Maximum floods in 8 basins in New York and Pennsylvania during the winter and nonwinter months were studied, a total of 21 floods. The most outstanding winter flood of record in the North Atlantic region was that of March 1936. Rainfall plus snow melt in the basins studied ranged between 3.04 and 6.87 inches, and associated volumes of direct runoff from 1.88 to 5.63 inches. Winter floods have a common characteristic in their relation to freezing temperature. The antecedent periods, representing a period of snow accumulation and frost penetration, are below freezing, and the flood itself is contemporaneous with a period of above-freezing temperatures, usually associated with rain, during which the previously accumulated snow is melted. A second common characteristic of major winter floods is their tendency to be associated with widespread causal meteorologic conditions. There was a more complete conversion of rainfall and snow melt into runoff during the winter storms studied than during the wettest nonwinter flood. Snow melt during winter floods ranged from 0.04 to 0.07 inch per degree-day above 32° F. The depth of mean areal rainfall produced by the nonwinter storms studied ranged from 3.05 to 4.96 inches. The maximum 24-hour quantity at single stations was 14 inches, which was measured during the storm of July 1935 in New York. The volume of direct runoff ranged between 1.39 and 3.41 inches. The portion of rainfall that was converted into runoff varied in accordance with the rate of antecedent base flow, expressed in second-feet per square mile, and emphasized the influence of antecedent conditions. The average volume of direct runoff during winter floods was 4.24 inches, and the average during nonwinter floods was 2.44 inches. The latter, however, were more concentrated as to time, tending to compensate for large volume of runoff in winter, so that the crest rates of direct runoff averaged 0.056 inches per hour during the winter and 0.051 inches during the nonwinter period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp915","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1947, Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 915, ix, 139 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp915.","productDescription":"ix, 139 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424716,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24687.htm","text":"Susquehanna and Delaware River basins","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24687"},{"id":424715,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24686.htm","text":"Sacandaga River basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24686"},{"id":24733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0915/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0915/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.583,\n 43.681\n ],\n [\n -74.583,\n 43.229\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 43.229\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 43.681\n ],\n [\n -74.583,\n 43.681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64980b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, Walter Basil","contributorId":40581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Basil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}