{"pageNumber":"2684","pageRowStart":"67075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68807,"records":[{"id":771,"text":"wsp1021 - 1947 - Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1944, Part 6, Southwestern States and Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp1021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1021","title":"Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1944, Part 6, Southwestern States and Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1021","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1944, Part 6, Southwestern States and Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1021, iv, 302 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1021.","productDescription":"iv, 302 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25338,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2080,"text":"wsp968C - 1947 - Topographic characteristics of drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp968C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"968","chapter":"C","title":"Topographic characteristics of drainage basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp968C","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1947, Topographic characteristics of drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 968, iii, 125-157 p. :ill., map ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp968C.","productDescription":"iii, 125-157 p. :ill., map ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27640,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, Walter Basil","contributorId":40581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Basil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":591,"text":"wsp1039 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IX, Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1039","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1039","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IX, Colorado River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1039","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IX, Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1039, vii, 390 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1039.","productDescription":"vii, 390 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25154,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":125,"text":"wsp915 - 1947 - Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T19:21:15.107617","indexId":"wsp915","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"915","title":"Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>The scientific design of flood-control works is based on an evaluation of the hydrologic factors basic to flood events, particularly how rainfall and snow runoff, soil conditions, and channel influences can combine to produce greater or lesser floods. For this purpose an analysis of the pertinent hydrologic data is needed. The methods of analysis adopted should conform as closely as possible to those already in use and must be adapted to the quality of the available information. Maximum floods in 8 basins in New York and Pennsylvania during the winter and nonwinter months were studied, a total of 21 floods. The most outstanding winter flood of record in the North Atlantic region was that of March 1936. Rainfall plus snow melt in the basins studied ranged between 3.04 and 6.87 inches, and associated volumes of direct runoff from 1.88 to 5.63 inches. Winter floods have a common characteristic in their relation to freezing temperature. The antecedent periods, representing a period of snow accumulation and frost penetration, are below freezing, and the flood itself is contemporaneous with a period of above-freezing temperatures, usually associated with rain, during which the previously accumulated snow is melted. A second common characteristic of major winter floods is their tendency to be associated with widespread causal meteorologic conditions. There was a more complete conversion of rainfall and snow melt into runoff during the winter storms studied than during the wettest nonwinter flood. Snow melt during winter floods ranged from 0.04 to 0.07 inch per degree-day above 32° F. The depth of mean areal rainfall produced by the nonwinter storms studied ranged from 3.05 to 4.96 inches. The maximum 24-hour quantity at single stations was 14 inches, which was measured during the storm of July 1935 in New York. The volume of direct runoff ranged between 1.39 and 3.41 inches. The portion of rainfall that was converted into runoff varied in accordance with the rate of antecedent base flow, expressed in second-feet per square mile, and emphasized the influence of antecedent conditions. The average volume of direct runoff during winter floods was 4.24 inches, and the average during nonwinter floods was 2.44 inches. The latter, however, were more concentrated as to time, tending to compensate for large volume of runoff in winter, so that the crest rates of direct runoff averaged 0.056 inches per hour during the winter and 0.051 inches during the nonwinter period. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp915","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1947, Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 915, ix, 139 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp915.","productDescription":"ix, 139 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424716,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24687.htm","text":"Susquehanna and Delaware River basins","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24687"},{"id":424715,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24686.htm","text":"Sacandaga River basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24686"},{"id":24733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0915/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0915/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.583,\n              43.681\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.583,\n              43.229\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              43.229\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              43.681\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.583,\n              43.681\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64980b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, Walter Basil","contributorId":40581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Basil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":590,"text":"wsp1037 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VII, Lower Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1037","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1037","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VII, Lower Mississippi River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1037","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VII, Lower Mississippi River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1037, vii, 410 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1037.","productDescription":"vii, 410 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1037/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":589,"text":"wsp1036 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VI, Missouri River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1036","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1036","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VI, Missouri River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1036","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VI, Missouri River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1036, ix, 476 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1036.","productDescription":"ix, 476 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1036/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25152,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1056,"text":"wsp968A - 1947 - Flood runoff in the Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:29:46","indexId":"wsp968A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"968","chapter":"A","title":"Flood runoff in the Willamette Valley, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp968A","usgsCitation":"Brands, M., 1947, Flood runoff in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 968, iv, p. 1-59 : ill., maps ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp968A.","productDescription":"iv, p. 1-59 : ill., maps ;23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25730,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brands, M.D.","contributorId":62986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brands","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1240,"text":"wsp816 - 1947 - Major Texas floods of 1936","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:21:05","indexId":"wsp816","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"816","title":"Major Texas floods of 1936","docAbstract":"<p>In 1936 floods occurred in parts of Texas during two periods one about July 1 and the other in the later portion of September which were marked by record-breaking or outstanding stages and discharges on some of the larger rivers.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp816","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, T., 1947, Major Texas floods of 1936: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 816, v, 145 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp816.","productDescription":"v, 145 p.","numberOfPages":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0816/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26169,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0816/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6496e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, Tate","contributorId":59420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"Tate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14323,"text":"ofr4812 - 1947 - Preliminary report on water power resources of Eklutna Creek, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr4812","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"48-12","title":"Preliminary report on water power resources of Eklutna Creek, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[s.n.],","doi":"10.3133/ofr4812","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1947, Preliminary report on water power resources of Eklutna Creek, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-12, 23 leaves :ill., 3 folded maps ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4812.","productDescription":"23 leaves :ill., 3 folded maps ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42986,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0012/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42987,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42985,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0012/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66baa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Arthur","contributorId":76720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70222219,"text":"70222219 - 1947 - Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:25:54.227705","indexId":"70222219","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T17:36:20","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"13","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville north of Umiat was studied by U. S. GeologicaI Survey Party No. 1 during the period of May 31 to July 19, 1947. The. party, consisting pf two geologists, a cook, and a \"weasel\" mechanic, left Umiat in two \"weasels”. The weasels were used to transport the party and equipment from camp to camp, and also made it possible for the geologists to work as far as 15 to 20 miles out from a camp in one day. A ten-foot canvas-boat was carried along. During most of the month of June even the smaller tributaries to the Kogohokruk carried enough melt and run off water to make them navigable in the 10-foot boat. The party returned to Umiat on June 23, after traversing both the Kikiakrorak and the Kogohokruk Rivers, and several smaller tributaries to the Kogohokruk.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222219","usgsCitation":"Stefansson, K., Thurrell, R.F., and Zumberge, J.H., 1947, Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 13, Report: 16 p.; 2 Figures: 24.51 x 40.27 inches and 21.66 x 15.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222219.","productDescription":"Report: 16 p.; 2 Figures: 24.51 x 40.27 inches and 21.66 x 15.18 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401394,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401395,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401396,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74675.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.3333,\n              69.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -151,\n              69.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -151,\n              70.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.3333,\n              70.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.3333,\n              69.3333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stefansson, Karl","contributorId":61296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zumberge, J. H.","contributorId":22021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70222264,"text":"70222264 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T21:21:30.213546","indexId":"70222264","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T15:15:29","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Noonan quadrangle is in northwestern North Dakota adjacent to the Dominion of Canada and approximately 35 miles east of Montana. The small coal-mining, farm, and railroad town of Noonan is located near the eastern edge of this sparsely populated area. The east-west State Highway 5 bisects the quadrangle.</p><p>Cultural development in this area depends largely on agricultural exploitation of the glacial deposits that mantle the bedrock. For this reason, emphasis in this report is on the description, classification, and analysis of the surficial deposits.</p><p>The geologic map is the base of the report. The map explanation includes a description of the material found in the various deposits along with the distinctive topographic and lithologic characteristics. Most of the text and the analyses of samples are written in tabular form so that specific information may be easily found. Depth relations may be determined from the cross section attached and the data on the map page.<br></p><p>Most of the subsurface data in this report are inferred from drill-hole logs and water-well information provided by the North Dakota State Geological Survey, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the Ground Water Division of the U. S. Geological Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222264","usgsCitation":"Townsend, R., 1947, Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota: Open-File Report, Report: 7 p.; 5 Plates: 32.52 x 55.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222264.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 5 Plates: 32.52 x 55.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401626,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401625,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401624,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401627,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401623,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401622,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8841.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Noonan quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.25,\n              48.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -103,\n              48.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -103,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.25,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.25,\n              48.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townsend, R. C.","contributorId":6524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210288,"text":"70210288 - 1947 - Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T20:32:04.864101","indexId":"70210288","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:32:41","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946","docAbstract":"<p>Umnak Island is a dumbbell-shaped island in the eastern part of the Aleutian Islands. The island is 70 miles long and trends northeast-southwest. During 1946 volcano investigations were begun on the island and geologic mapping of most of northeastern Umnak Island was completed.</p><p>Okmok Volcano, a large, broad volcanic mountain rising to altitudes of 3,000 to 3,500 feet, occupies the central portion of northeastern Umnak Island. Fort Glenn, and Army airbase, is situated on the eastern end of the island, approximately 9 miles east of Okmok Volcano.</p><p>The central part of Okmok Volcano is indented by Okmok caldera, a large cliff-rimmed volcanic depression, 7%, miles in maximum diameter. The floor of the caldera is 1,500 to 2,500 feet below the caldera rim. Nine large cinder cones and many small ones lie on the caldera floor, chiefly along two arcuate zones. The caldera is drained by Crater Creek, which flows through a deep gorge cut in the northeastern wall of the caldera, and into Bering Sea.</p><p>Mount Tulik (4,111 feet altitude) and Mount Idak (1,918 feet altitude) arc important centers of ancient volcanism on the flanks of Okmok Volcano.</p><p>The geologic history of Okmok Volcano falls into three stages: The first includes the upbuilding of an ancient cone—Mount Okmok—to an altitude of at least 6;500 feet on the site of the present caldera; the second encompasses the destruction in a castastrophic eruption of the summit cone and the formation of the caldera; the third comprises events since the great eruption.</p><p>The earliest activity at Mount Okmok probably dates hack to the late Tertiary period. A composite cone, concave-sided in profile, was built by the alternate eruption of ash, coarse pyroclastics, and basalt flows. During the late Pleistocene, volcanic activity at Mount Okmok was greatly reduced and a topography of late youth was carved on the lower slopes by streams and valley glaciers. The summit of Mount Okmok was upwarped and dikes and necks were injected into the resulting fractures.</p><p>A large volcano at the site of Mount Idak was active during part of the period of upbuilding at Mount Okmok but became extinct during the middle Pleistocene. A parasitic vent, Mount Tulik, became active during the late Pleistocene and built a steep-sided cone before it became extinct, shortly before the formation of Okmok caldera.</p><p>A cataclysmic eruption terminated the period of dissection at Mount Okmok, 10,000 or more years ago. Part of the summit was blown away by the explosive violence of this eruption. Nuees ardentes (glowing clouds) and mudflows deposited tuff-breccia and agglomerate in the glacial valleys; later phases of the eruption blanketed the landscape with ash. Near the end of the eruption, the remaining upper part of the volcano collapsed along arcuate fractures: large blocks subsided several thousand feet and are now concealed in the caldera Poor beneath later deposits. A large arcuate fault block which subsided less than other blocks stands above the floor in the northeastern part of the caldera.</p><p>After the eruption, water collected in the caldera, forming a lake. Small but frequently active cones built islands in the lake and covered its bottom with pyroclastic debris. The lake eventually overflowed the lowest point in the rim of the caldera, and Crater Creek Gorge was carved, draining the lake and dissecting its deposits. Renewed movement along faults at the head of Crater Creek Gorge later raised a harrier which temporarily dammed the drainage and formed a second caldera lake.</p><p>Readjustments among subsided blocks in the caldera floor resulted in the folding of postcaldera deposits at several localities.</p><p>Much of the caldera floor has been covered by lava flows extruded from several cones since the draining of the first caldera lake. In general, however, volcanic activity seems to have declined since the great caldera-forming eruption. Seven eruptions from cones on the caldera floor have been recorded since 1817; the latest occurred in 1945.</p><p>As part of the geochemical program for the study of Okmok Volcano, temperatures of fumaroles were measured and samples of the products of the volcanic activity were analyzed. Average temperatures of fumaroles at one source of the 1945 lava low dropped from 320° C. on July 19 to 90° C. on September 5. The temperatures of fumaroles associated with the crater vents on both Cones A and C ranged from 95° C. to 97\" C., which is slightly below the condensation point of steam, indicating the presence of minor quantities of gases other than steam. The magmatic gases of fumaroles on Cone A consisted of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in about equal amounts. The lack of halogen acid gases in the fumaroles and the steadily dropping temperatures arc interpreted as indicating that the present quiescence of Cone A will continue for many months. Solid reaction products from areas of fumarolic activity on Cone A are sulfates of sodium, calcium, and iron. The presence of hydrogen sulfide as the dominant sulfur gas at Cone C is interpreted as indicating the dying stages of the present cycle of activity of Cone C.</p><p>Thermal springs along the north base of Cone D have a total discharge of 115 cubic feet per second. Their average temperature is approximately 7° C. above the annual mean. From these figures it is calculated that about 21,000 kilogram calories per second are being given off by Cone D. The spring waters contain minute quantities of boron which is indicative of a magmatic source for a small part of the water. Hence, Cone D though quiescent is not extinct. Evidence is presented to show that most of the spring water from Cone D is meteoric in origin.</p><p>Thermal waters in the southwestern part of Umnak Island at Hot Springs Cove and south of Geyser Bight contain lithium, boron, arsenic, and antimony in solution. These elements are regarded as derived from underlying magmas that are in an advanced state of crystallization and hence not likely to give rise in the near future to large-scale volcanic activity.</p><p>Three portable seismographs were placed on the flanks of Okmok Volcano and were in operation during most of the period from June 1 to October 1. During this period several slight tremors and one moderate tremor, all of distant origin, were registered, but no tremors attributable to Okmok Volcano were recorded. The lack of tremor records, however, may have been due more to the insensitivity of the instruments than to the absence of tremors.<br>Earth-current investigations were carried on during August and September by comparison of records obtained from a base station at Fort Glenn with those from a station 1 V2 miles southwest of Mount Tulik. The records obtained indicate that no difference in magnitude or direction of earth currents existed between the Fort Glenn and Mount Tulik areas. The similarity of record obtained is indicative of the absence of a disturbing factor such as a large body of live magma beneath Okmok Volcano.</p><p>Future eruptions of Okmok Volcano are expected to he of mild to moderate intensity, and will he chiefly in the form of ash falls from vents inside the caldera. There would be a great menace—in the form of lava flows, nuees ardentes, and mudflows—to installations at Fort Glenn if a new center of volcanism came into existence on the east slope of Okmok Volcano. Small postcaldera cones now exposed there indicate that extra-caldera eruptions have occurred in the recent past and can be expected in the future. The possibility of another catastrophic eruption of the caldera-forming type, however, is remote.</p><p>Okmok Volcano should be kept under close observation, partly because of its possible threat to Fort Glenn and partly because it is a readily accessible locale for accumulating information on details of volcanic processes, applicable to other volcanoes in the Aleutian arc and elsewhere.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaskan Volcano Investigations Report No. 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/70210288","usgsCitation":"Byers, F., Hopkins, D., Wier, K.L., and Fisher, B., 1947, Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70210288.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report.pdf"},{"id":396452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93423.htm"},{"id":396453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umnak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.84063720703125,\n              52.855864177853974\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.81341552734375,\n              53.38824275010831\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.772216796875,\n              53.533778184257805\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.98095703125,\n              53.571307377413326\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.4039306640625,\n              53.48477702972815\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.4423828125,\n              53.31282653094477\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.60992431640625,\n              53.28984728016674\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.82415771484375,\n              53.15665305315798\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.85162353515625,\n              53.04616682440388\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.04937744140625,\n              52.908902047770255\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.11529541015625,\n              52.82434224121616\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.84063720703125,\n              52.855864177853974\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byers, F. M. Jr.","contributorId":270390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byers","given":"F. M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wier, K. L.","contributorId":106864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wier","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Bernard","contributorId":280071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207426,"text":"70207426 - 1947 - Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T10:05:08","indexId":"70207426","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T10:02:53","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed areal mapping in central Camagüey Province and reconnaissance mapping in northern and eastern Oriente Province, Cuba, have revealed two major structural zones: (1) A zone of intense deformation, including thrust faulting, which lies north of the geographic axis of the island; and (2) a belt of domical mountains bounded on the north by Nipe Bay and the coast, and on the south by the Cauto trough and Guantilnamo basin. In Camagüey, extensive masses of serpentine and overlying tuffs have been complexly folded and overridden from the north by a block, at least 25 miles long, of limestones that form the Sierra de Cubitas and Sierra de Camaján. The overthrust carried a northern fades of Cretaceous and Eocene limestones over a southern fades of tuffaceous rocks of similar age, and had a displacement of at least six miles. In places serpentine was thrust over younger formations, and most of the shearing in the serpentine is attributed to diastrophism. A thrust zone exposed in Loma La Vigía, 15 miles north of Holguín, suggests a similar tectonic history for northern Oriente Province. Chaotic giant breccias that include waterlaid debris indicate that the overthrusts moved across the ancient land surface in both Camagüey and Oriente districts. The folding apparently began in the Cretaceous and culminated in overthrusting during early middle Eocene time. Post‐Eocene deformation appears to be limited to warping or doming to maximum angles of about 20 degrees. The zone of domical mountains is somewhat more than 100 miles long from east to west by 25 to 30 miles wide, and comprises three main units: (1) the Sierra de Nipe and (2) Sierra del Cristal domes, principally of serpentine; and (3) the Cuchillas uplift, which includes the Cuchillas de Toar and Sierra de Purlal, composed of serpentine and pre‐serpentine rocks. These uplifts are overlapped progressively on all sides by sediments ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene and Miocene, the older beds in places being highly folded. The mountains owe their present relief of 2000 to 4000 feet to the doming of an extensive erosion surface in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene. The north and east flanks of the Cuchillas uplift extend below sea level, and drowned streams and elevated coral reefs show regional instability since the last major doming. ©1947. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00919","issn":"00028606","usgsCitation":"Thayer, T.P., and Guild, P.W., 1947, Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 919-930, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00919.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"919","endPage":"930","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cuba","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.26815,23.18861],[-81.40446,23.11727],[-80.61877,23.10598],[-79.67952,22.7653],[-79.28149,22.3992],[-78.34743,22.51217],[-77.9933,22.27719],[-77.14642,21.65785],[-76.52382,21.20682],[-76.19462,21.22057],[-75.59822,21.01662],[-75.67106,20.73509],[-74.9339,20.69391],[-74.17802,20.28463],[-74.29665,20.05038],[-74.96159,19.92344],[-75.63468,19.87377],[-76.32366,19.95289],[-77.75548,19.85548],[-77.08511,20.41335],[-77.49265,20.67311],[-78.13729,20.73995],[-78.48283,21.02861],[-78.71987,21.59811],[-79.285,21.55918],[-80.21748,21.82732],[-80.51753,22.03708],[-81.82094,22.19206],[-82.16999,22.38711],[-81.795,22.63696],[-82.7759,22.68815],[-83.49446,22.16852],[-83.9088,22.15457],[-84.05215,21.91058],[-84.54703,21.80123],[-84.97491,21.89603],[-84.44706,22.20495],[-84.23036,22.56575],[-83.77824,22.78812],[-83.26755,22.98304],[-82.51044,23.07875],[-82.26815,23.18861]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cuba\"}}]}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, T. P.","contributorId":64629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guild, P. W.","contributorId":39039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70214504,"text":"70214504 - 1947 - Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T18:27:42.269761","indexId":"70214504","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T13:18:23","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire ","docAbstract":"<p>Complete chemical analyses, including the spectrographic determination of 44 trace elements, have been made of six representative specimens from each of the six map units constituting the Oliverian magma series in the Mt. Washington quadrangle of New Hampshire. Potash is systematically higher than soda. An increase in silica, which ranges from 56 to 75 per cent, is accompanied by the usual variation of the other principal oxides; lime, magnesia, and total iron decrease in the more siliceous rocks, whereas potash and soda increase at first and then decline. Potash is 1.5 to 3 per cent higher than soda throughout the series.</p><p>With increasing silica content Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, NiO, SrO, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, and BaO decrease, but ZnO increases. Comparisons with other parts of the world, especially northwestern Europe, suggest some systematic differences from New Hampshire, but the data are insufficient to justify any definite conclusions.</p><p>The calculation of modes from the chemical analyses necessitates a discussion of the methods involved and the possible errors. It is believed that in these rocks the modes can be calculated with relatively small errors. An unexplained excess of alumina in the modes, ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 per cent, may be due to more sericite and clay minerals in the rocks than the content of water suggests.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[573:CAACMO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Billings, M., and Rabbitt, J., 1947, Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire : GSA Bulletin, v. 58, no. 7, p. 573-596, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[573:CAACMO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"596","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampsire","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Washington Quadrangle","volume":"58","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billings, M.P.","contributorId":42948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billings","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabbitt, J.C.","contributorId":83998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70214503,"text":"70214503 - 1947 - Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T14:51:55.897612","indexId":"70214503","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T13:00:33","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho ","docAbstract":"<p>This report is on result of a long program of geologic investigation in south-central Idaho, undertaken as an aid in the development of the mineral resources of the region. This quadrangle was examined because of the exceptional opportunities for the study of stratigraphy and structure afforded by the Lost River Range, which is the highest in Idaho and contains comparatively few intrusive igneous rocks.</p><p>The Borah Peak quadrangle differs from the region to the west and northwest in that it contains parts of two sharply defined, narrow ranges elongated in a north-westerly direction, instead of broad, irregular mountain masses, in which the trends of most local topographic units are ill-defined. These ranges, the Lost River and the Lemhi, are flanked by intermontane valleys sparsely populated by stock ranchers.</p><p>The Lemhi and Swauger quartzites, regarded as of Belt (pre-Cambrian) age, are named. The two Cambrian (?) formations of the Bayhorse region are not recognized in this quadrangle. The Ramshorn slate (Lower Ordovician), widespread and thick there, does not appear to be exposed anywhere in the Borah Peak quadrangle with the possible exception of small areas east of the Elkhorn Ranch, where relations are obscure. The higher Paleozoic formations, named in order of decreasing age, are the Kinnikinic quartzite, Saturday Mountain formation, Laketown dolomite, Jefferson dolomite, Grand View dolomite, Three Forks limestone, Milligen formation, Brazer limestone, and Wood River formation. The Three Forks limestone, nowhere much over 250 feet thick, is the only one of these not recognized farther west. It provides substantial aid in the interpretation of upper Paleozoic stratigraphy. Equivalent beds to the west are presumably grouped with the Milligen. The grit that introduced uncertainties into the correlation of the Wood River and Milligen formations in the southeastern part of the Bayhorse quadrangle is absent here, and both formations have close lithologic resemblances to those in the type localities in the Wood River region. Wood River strata (Pennsylvanian) crop out only in the southwest corner of the quadrangle, and the Brazer may have been the last Paleozoic unit to be deposited over most of the area. Certainly it can have had comparatively little cover over it throughout the Mesozoic. The Brazer is regarded as Mississippian, but some of the fossils in it have Pennsylvania affinities. The carbonate rocks in the Three Forks and later formations are dominantly calcareous, while those in earlier units are dolomitic. Carbonaceous matter is present in most of the formations but is abundant only in the Milligen.</p><p>The Challis volcanics (Oligocene or Miocene) constitute the first stratified unit to be laid down after Paleozoic deposition ceased, although there was a little intrusive activity late in the Mesozoic. The volcanics were once widely distributed on the flanks of the mountains and are still plentiful in the northwestern corner of the quadrangle, near the head of the valley of the Pahsimeroi, and in smaller areas. They are neither so abundant nor so diversified as they are farther west. They are locally succeeded by an alluvial formation, here termed the Donkey fanglomerate, of possible Pliocene age. Abundant Quaternary glacial and alluvial deposits are present in the larger valleys.</p><p>The Lemhi and Swauger quartzites were broadly folded before Paleozoic sedimentation began. Apparently the later deformation affected them only enough to render the more impure beds somewhat schistose. The Paleozoic rocks have been folded into closely spaced, asymmetric anticlines, locally broken by thrusts at and near their crests. These folds approximately parallel the trends of the present range, whereas those in the old rocks strike more nearly north. Later deformation twisted some of the folds and produced thrusts of lower dip and greater extent. The folded rocks in the Lost River Range have been arched into an anticlinorium. The original, tight folds may have preceded the emplacement of the Idaho batholith farther west, while the anticlinorium and the late twists and low thrusts result from deformation during the long period in which the batholith came to place and adjusted itself. Local intricately contorted beds in the Brazer limestone are interpreted as the effects of flowage in calcareous material subjected to tangential pressure under comparatively light supercumbent load.</p><p>The quadrangle contains numerous normal faults of diverse trends. Most of those that can be conclusively demonstrated strike transverse to the trends of the ranges, but especially along parts of the southwest front of the Lemhi Range normal faults along the range fronts may have helped locally to guide erosion of the mountains. Some of the faults have displacements of thousands of feet and are thought to have originated in connection with the low-angle thrusts. Most of these, as well as minor breaks of diverse trends, affect also the Challis volcanics, which shows that renewed movement occurred in Tertiary time.</p><p>The present mountain masses and broad intermontane valleys are in about the positions occupied by similar features in the early Tertiary. Several incomplete erosion cycles since then have greatly modified the topography but have not obliterated the influence of these ancient land forms. The results of early episodes in the development of the topography are much obscured by the rugged forms that result from active Pleistocene glaciation and later vigorous stream erosion, but modified remnants of the post-Challis and Donkey Hills surfaces can be clearly distinguished. Several less widespread remnants mark intermediate steps in the process. Exceptionally abundant and permeable, coarse alluvial and glacial deposits floor intermontane valleys and choke the larger mountain gorges to such an extent as to interfere with normal erosion and make the surface-water supplies even scantier than might be expected from the climate of the region, which is moderately humid in the mountains and semiarid in the valleys. Active erosion in the high mountains and comparatively static conditions on fans at the range borders result in striking contrasts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[1085:GOTBPQ]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ross, C.P., 1947, Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho : GSA Bulletin, v. 58, no. 12, p. 1085-1160, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[1085:GOTBPQ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"76 p.","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Borah Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.98291015625,\n              43.54854811091286\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.994384765625,\n              43.54854811091286\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.994384765625,\n              45.359865333959746\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.98291015625,\n              45.359865333959746\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.98291015625,\n              43.54854811091286\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, C. P.","contributorId":91545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70214502,"text":"70214502 - 1947 - Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T17:58:50.386782","indexId":"70214502","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T12:45:26","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology","docAbstract":"<p><span>Determination of the ground‐water supply available from any aquifer or in any specified area requires not merely the application of specific quantitative methods but also a broad and accurate knowledge of the geologic, hydrologlc, and geochemical factors that are involved, and consideration of the economic and legal limitations. Further research is needed as to geologic texture and structure in relation to the occurrence and movement of the water; the precise nature of specific yield, which determines the effective storage capacities of the aquifers; the molecular physics involved in the downward and upward movement of water in the zone of aeration, and quantitative evaluation of ground‐water recharge and discharge; the hydraulics of ground water, as studied by pumping test methods, with special reference to boundary conditions; studies of perennial yield of aquifers of low permeability; the genesis of the mineral contents of ground water as determined through appropriate geologic, hydrologlc, and chemical studies; and methods of geophysical exploration and well logging for determining the occurrence of ground water. Serious study is also needed as to practicable methods of implementing the recently developed principles and methods of ground‐water hydrology in the production of water supplies and the economic and legal problems involved.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i003p00418","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1947, Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 3, p. 418-420, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i003p00418.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"418","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70214495,"text":"70214495 - 1947 - Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T16:48:35.971111","indexId":"70214495","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T11:35:43","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water","docAbstract":"<p>This paper gives a brief summary of studies of the value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the water in them made in Texas by the United States Geological Survey and cooperating parties.</p><p>The electrical log has been found to be especially valuable in the Coastal Plain Region of Texas where the rocks consist mostly of a succession of clays or shales or sandy clays or shales lnterbedded with sands or sandstones. In that region the electrical log has been found to be more useful than the driller's log for correlating the principal water‐bearing horizons over wide areas. The log by itself is not an indicator of the permeability of the water‐bearing beds, nor a safe guide as to the quality of the water in them, but if it is studied in connection with other data, it is sure to tell an interesting and instructive story. Thus far in Texas no extensive studies have been made of the value of the electrical log in limestone aquifers or in sand or sandstone aquifers associated with limestone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00903","usgsCitation":"Barnes, B., and Livingston, P., 1947, Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 903-911, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00903.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"911","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Galveston","otherGeospatial":"Galveston County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.3668212890625,\n              28.86391842622456\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              29.348663646523626\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.98779296875,\n              29.649868677972304\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.60302734375,\n              29.286398892934763\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3668212890625,\n              28.86391842622456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, B.A.","contributorId":241619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Livingston, Penn","contributorId":104977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Penn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70214137,"text":"70214137 - 1947 - Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-23T20:08:40.654064","indexId":"70214137","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-23T14:57:52","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Upper Mississippi River Embayment is a region of about 45,000 square miles in the Mississippi River Valley extending from the vicinity of the 34th parallel northward to the mouth of the Ohio River. It includes parts of Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. In 1940 about 2,700,000 people inhabited the region.Ground water is one of the most valuable natural resources of the region. It is estimated that 95 per cent of all the water used in the Upper Embayment comes from the ground.Structurally the Embayment is a downwarped, downfaulted trough in Paleozoic rocks, in which have been deposited sediments ranging in age from Cretaceous to Recent. Very productive water-bearing formations extend throughout most of the region but the total quantity of water perennially available is unknown, and little information is available on the quality of the water.The formations comprise a natural hydraulic system underlying parts of several States, and a study of the geology and hydrology of the entire region is needed. Such a study is necessary because additional ground-water supplies will be required with the future development of the region. In order to develop the region wisely the quantity and quality of the water perennially available must be known.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.7.626","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., 1947, Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 7, p. 626-633, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.7.626.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"633","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.46142578125,\n              33.5963189611327\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.04443359375,\n              33.5963189611327\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.04443359375,\n              37.31775185163688\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.46142578125,\n              37.31775185163688\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.46142578125,\n              33.5963189611327\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206576,"text":"70206576 - 1947 - Geology and ground-water resources of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-24T18:39:51.739246","indexId":"70206576","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-01T09:29:09","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Puerto Rico, the easternmost and smallest of the Greater Antilles, has an axis of deformed and metamorphosed volcanic rocks of Upper Cretaceous age, intruded by dioritic rocks during the Antillean revolution. The hard-rock core is flanked on the north and south by limestones and clastic rocks of late Oligocene and early Miocene age, which have been gently arched and uplifted. Similar rocks were deposited&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;late Miocene or early Pliocene time along the west coast. During the Quaternary the island has been separated from the other major Antillean islands by faulting and has been arched, uplifted, and tilted to the northeast. Alluvium and littoral deposits have partially filled the valleys and have formed coastal plains on the north and south. The Upper Cretaceous volcanic and associated rocks yield small supplies of water to wells&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;most places. The Tertiary limestones yield large supplies&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;some places on the north, south, and west coasts. The Quaternary sands and gravels are the most important aquifers. They yield about 200 million gallons a day to wells&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;the main south coastal plain alone. The water is used largely for irrigation. A total of perhaps 250 to 300 million gallons a day is pumped from wells&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;the island, and moderate to large additional supplies are available&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span> some places.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScience World","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.6.563","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C.L., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of Puerto Rico: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 563-571, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.6.563.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"571","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto 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,{"id":70175827,"text":"70175827 - 1947 - Ground-water resources of Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T16:31:58.736242","indexId":"70175827","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3634,"text":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water resources of Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas Academy of Science","doi":"10.2307/3625943","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V., 1947, Ground-water resources of Kansas: Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, v. 50, no. 2, p. 105-114, https://doi.org/10.2307/3625943.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.04023104345244,\n              40.00963199137024\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04023104345244,\n              37.005406624743856\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.56939761229677,\n              37.005406624743856\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.55932083927976,\n              39.175646654014685\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0051858894479,\n              39.55128528818841\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.83913402705961,\n              39.8029874402177\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.15713878507813,\n              39.99113508822603\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04023104345244,\n              40.00963199137024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dc4e4b03fd6b7da376f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2239,"text":"2239 - 1947 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Salt River Valley area, Maricopa and Pinal counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T11:50:20","indexId":"2239","displayToPublicDate":"1947-02-04T11:47:35","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Salt River Valley area, Maricopa and Pinal counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/2239","usgsCitation":"McDonald, H.R., Wolcott, H.N., and Hem, J.D., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of the Salt River Valley area, Maricopa and Pinal counties, Arizona, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/2239.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County;Pinal County","otherGeospatial":"Salt River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.9563,32.5012 ], [ -112.9563,33.4661 ], [ -110.4484,33.4661 ], [ -110.4484,32.5012 ], [ -112.9563,32.5012 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc24e4b0b58d96eeb5a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Harris R.","contributorId":53880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Harris","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolcott, Henry Newton","contributorId":100369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"Newton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hem, John David","contributorId":42577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1465,"text":"1465 - 1947 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Wellton-Mohawk area, Yuma County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-10T13:07:20","indexId":"1465","displayToPublicDate":"1947-01-01T13:05:07","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Wellton-Mohawk area, Yuma County, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona State Land Department","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/1465","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona State Land Department.","usgsCitation":"Babcock, H.M., Brown, S.C., and Hem, J.D., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of the Wellton-Mohawk area, Yuma County, Arizona, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/1465.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Yuma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.684986,32.479067 ], [ -114.684986,32.732294 ], [ 114.45913,32.732294 ], [ 114.45913,32.479067 ], [ -114.684986,32.479067 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bfb601e4b06d97a6487d1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, Horace Maxson","contributorId":93384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"Horace","email":"","middleInitial":"Maxson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Silas C.","contributorId":67412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Silas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hem, John David","contributorId":42577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161795,"text":"70161795 - 1947 - Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:43:35","indexId":"70161795","displayToPublicDate":"1947-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"12","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Niihau lies 17<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> miles southwest of Kauai. Its area is 72 square miles, and its highest point has an altitude of 1,281 feet. The population is about 180, chiefly Hawaiians. The annual rainfall at Kiekie, the ranch headquarters, generally ranges between 18 and 26 inches. The chief industries are the raising of sheep and cattle and production of honey. The island is privately owned.<br />The main mass of the island is composed of a deeply weathered remnant of a basalt dome of Tertiary age, cut by a dike complex trending NE-SW. These Tertiary rocks are herein named the Paniau volcanic series. The central vent lay about 2 miles out to sea to the east of the present island. The dome, after deep gulches were cut into it by stream erosion and it was cliffed all around by the sea, was partly submerged. During Pleistocene time a broad wave-cut platform on the north, west, and south sides was built above sea level and widened by the eruption of lavas and tuffs, from 9 vents now visible and other vents now buried, to form a low coastal plain. These Pleistocene volcanic rocks are named the Kiekie volcanic series. Ash from Lehua Island, a Pleistocene tuff cone, has been drifted into duties on the north end of Niihau. Lithified dunes that extend below sea level, and the small outcrops of emerged fossiliferous limestone above sea level, indicate the plus 100-foot, minus 60-foot, plus 25-foot, and plus 5-foot eustatic stands of the sea correlative with changes in the volume of the polar ice caps and concurrent changes in the configuration of ocean basins.<br />Calcareous dune and beach deposits, short stretches of nullipore reef and beach rock, and playa and alluvial deposits constitute the Recent rocks.<br />No perennial streams exist on the island but about a dozen playa lakes, fresh or brackish during rainy weather, lie on the plain. The domestic water supply is rain caught from roofs. Only three wells on the island yield water with less than 25 grains of salt per gallon (260 parts per million of chloride). Typically, water holes for stock are about 15 feet across, 5 feet deep, and 8 feet wide. They have been dug in the lowlands where the depth to water is usually less than 5 feet. Forty-six dug wells and water holes exist, the water of some of which has become too salty for stock. Two or three deep wells were drilled 500 to 1,000 feet below sea level, but they encountered salty water. Three wells, not yet used, have been excavated in the Tertiary basalts. One of them has an infiltration tunnel at the bottom. Two seeps perched on vitric tuff beds more than 500 feet above sea level carry large quantities of salt leached from spray that falls on their recharge areas. Several sites are recommended for developing additional water for stock. The island, however, will always be short of domestic water because of aridity, unfavorable geologic structures, continuous deposition of salt spray, and abundant authigenic salts in the lake beds.<br />Among the lavas of the Paniau volcanic series, of Tertiary age, olivine basalts probably predominate but ordinary basalts are abundant. Picrite-basalt of the primitive type, containing abundant olivine phenocrysts, also occurs. Andesites are probably present but are rare. Most of the lavas of the Kiekie volcanic series, of Pleistocene age, are olivine basalt, but one is transitional between olivine basalt and picrite-basalt. In many of the Pleistocene lavas the late-crystallized augite is titanian. A single occurrence of melilite-nepheline basalt has been reported. Chemical analyses of five rocks are listed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Tongg Publishing Company","publisherLocation":"Honolulu","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Stearns, H.T., and Macdonald, G., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii: Bulletin 12, v, 53 p.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":221,"text":"Division of Hydrography","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70161795.JPG"},{"id":313919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/stearns/Niihau.pdf","size":"8.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Niihau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": 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39-52)</li>\n</ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e490ae4b0e7a44bc419a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stearns, Harold T.","contributorId":65831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stearns","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macdonald, Gordon A.","contributorId":52273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"Gordon A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70161790,"text":"70161790 - 1947 - Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:24:22","indexId":"70161790","displayToPublicDate":"1947-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"11","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>The island of Molokai is the fifth largest of the Hawaiian Islands, with an area of 250 square miles. It lies 25 miles southeast of Oahu, and 8.5 miles northwest of Maui. It consists of two principal parts, each a major volcanic mountain. East Molokai rises to 4,970 feet altitude. It is built largely of basaltic lavas, with a thin cap of andesites and a little trachyte. The volcanic rocks of East Molokai are named the East Molokai volcanic series, the basaltic part being separated as the lower member of the series, and the andesites and trachytes as the upper member. Large cinder cones and bulbous domes are associated with the lavas of the upper member. Thin beds of ash are present locally in both members. The lavas of the lower member are cut by innumerable dikes lying in two major rift zones trending eastward and northwestward. A large caldera, more than 4 miles long, and a smaller pit 0.8 mile across existed near the summit of the volcano. The rocks formed in and under the caldera are separated on plate 1 as the caldera complex. Stream erosion has cut large amphitheater-headed valleys into the northern coast of East Molokai, exposing the dikes and the caldera complex.<br />West Molokai is lower than East Molokai, rising to 1,380 feet altitude. It was built by basaltic lavas erupted along rift zones trending southwestward and northwestward. Many of the flows were unusually fluid. The volcanic rocks of West Molokai Volcano are named the West Molokai volcanic series. Along its eastern side, the mountain is broken by a series of faults along which its eastern edge has been dropped downward. West Molokai Volcano became extinct earlier than East Molokai Volcano, and its flank is partly buried beneath lavas of East Molokai.<br />Both volcanic mountains were built upward from the sea floor probably during Tertiary time. Following the close of volcanic activity stream erosion cut large canyons on East Molokai, but accomplished much less on drier West Molokai. Marine erosion attacked both parts of the island, producing high sea-cliffs on the windward coast. In late Tertiary or early Pleistocene time the island was submerged to a level at least 560 feet above the present shore line, then reemerged. Later shifts of sea level, probably partly resulting from Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation, ranged from 300 feet below to 100 feet or more above present sea level. Marine deposits on the southern slope extend to an altitude of at least 200 feet. Eruption of the Kalaupapa basalt built a small lava cone at the foot of the northern cliff, forming Kalaupapa peninsula; and a small submarine eruption off the eastern end of Molokai built the Mokuhooniki tuff cone, the fragments of which now form Hooniki and Kanaha Islands. Deposition of marine and fluviatile sediments has built a series of narrow flats close to sea-level along the southern coast. <br />Nearly the entire island is underlain, close to sea level, by ground water of the basal zone of saturation. Beneath West Molokai, the Hoolehua Plain between West and East Molokai, and the southern coastal area of East Molokai, the basal water is brackish. Beneath much of East Molokai, fresh basal water is obtainable. Small amounts of fresh water are perched at high levels in East Molokai by thin poorly permeable ash beds. Fresh water is confined at high levels in permeable compartments between poorly permeable dikes in the rift zones of East Molokai, and can be developed by tunnels. Projects to bring the abundant surface and ground water of the large wind ward valleys to the Hoolehua Plain are described. Future developments are suggested. All wells and water-development tunnels are described in tables.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Advertiser Publishing Co.","publisherLocation":"Honolulu","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Stearns, H.T., and Macdonald, G., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Molokai, Hawaii: Bulletin 11, vi, 113 p.","productDescription":"vi, 113 p.","numberOfPages":"133","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":221,"text":"Division of Hydrography","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70161790.JPG"},{"id":313914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/stearns/Molokai.pdf","size":"21.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Molokai","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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     ],\n            [\n              -156.81610107421875,\n              21.174167511794955\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.80374145507812,\n              21.174807798246576\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.79550170898438,\n              21.168404809014493\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7865753173828,\n              21.175448081926465\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.76803588867188,\n              21.177368916335176\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.741943359375,\n              21.17224663581052\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7357635498047,\n              21.165843535728857\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.73782348632812,\n              21.159440158570835\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.73095703125,\n              21.156878730141468\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Part 1: Geology of Molokai (p. 3-35)</li>\n<li>Part 2: Ground-water resources of Molokai (p. 37-87)</li>\n<li>Part 3: Petrography of Molokai (p. 89-109)</li>\n</ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e4908e4b0e7a44bc4199e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stearns, Harold T.","contributorId":65831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stearns","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macdonald, Gordon A.","contributorId":52273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"Gordon A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57120,"text":"ofr4733 - 1947 - Geology of San Antonio Canyon, California, in relation to ground-water storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-28T06:01:19","indexId":"ofr4733","displayToPublicDate":"1947-01-01T11:10:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-33","title":"Geology of San Antonio Canyon, California, in relation to ground-water storage","docAbstract":"At least two periods of relative stability in the history of the erosion of San Antonio Canyon are indicated by the bench-like features produced by the laterally cutting stream and by the remnants of older alluvium left by the stream when it was cutting at these higher levels. In addition, a much older and probably mature surface is suggested by certain features of the higher ridges and the near-summits of Ontario and San Antonio Mountains.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4733","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Bernardino County","usgsCitation":"Dennis, P.E., 1947, Geology of San Antonio Canyon, California, in relation to ground-water storage: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-33, Report: 41 p.; 2 Plates: 10.49 x 3.95 inches and 7.23 x 10.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4733.","productDescription":"Report: 41 p.; 2 Plates: 10.49 x 3.95 inches and 7.23 x 10.49 inches","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr4733.PNG"},{"id":286671,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0033/report.pdf"},{"id":286669,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0033/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":286670,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0033/plate-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.607396,38.175118 ], [ -122.607396,38.192659 ], [ -122.575381,38.192659 ], [ -122.575381,38.175118 ], [ -122.607396,38.175118 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355946ee4b0120853e8bfd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennis, P. Eldon","contributorId":104809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eldon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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