The Cul-de-Sac Plain is perhaps the most important agricultural area in Haiti because of its nearness and accessibility to Port-au-Prince, the nation's capital, metropolis, and principal seaport. Most of the agricultural produce consumed in Port-au-Prince as well as a considerable part of that exported from Haiti is grown in the plain.
Because of variable and poorly distributed rainfall, high temperature, and high evaporation, semiarid climatic conditions prevail in the plain. Irrigation is, therefore, necessary for successful farming. There are no regulatory or storage facilities on the streams that enter the plain, but the mean and low-water stream flow and the discharge of springs are almost entirely appropriated for irrigation. Ground water has been utilized for irrigation to an increasing extent by the Haitian American Sugar Company, which has put down about 100 wells in the plain since 1919.
Outside the existing irrigated areas of the plain are large tracts of potentially irrigable land that are uncultivated and agriculturally unproductive for lack of water. The object of the present study was to determine the possibilities of bringing these lands into cultivation by irrigation from wells. This study was part of a larger program of the Food Supply Division, Institute of Inter-American Affairs, to increase the production of food in Haiti.
From September through November 1948 the senior author, a member of the U. S. Geological Survey, spent three months in the field in an investigation of the geology and ground-water resources of the Cul-de-Sac Plain. He was ably assisted by Mr. Rémy C. Lemoine, Haitian engineer-geologist, employed by the Food Supply Division. The field work included principally the geologic mapping of' the plain and the adjacent mountain borders, a ground-water inventory of existing wells and springs, and a general evaluation of significant geologic and hydrologic features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr49114","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of The Institute for Inter-American Affairs","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G.C., and Lemoine, R.C., 1949, Ground water in the Cul-de-Sac Plain, Haiti: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-114, Report: 59 p.; Plate: 35.13 x 17.80 inches; 3 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr49114.","productDescription":"Report: 59 p.; Plate: 35.13 x 17.80 inches; 3 Tables","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr49114.PNG"},{"id":329053,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/table-5.pdf","text":"Table 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":329054,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/table-6.pdf","text":"Table 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":287725,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/report.pdf"},{"id":329051,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":329052,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/table-4.pdf","text":"Table 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Haiti","otherGeospatial":"Cul-de-sac Plain","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-73.18979,19.91568],[-72.57967,19.8715],[-71.71236,19.71446],[-71.62487,19.16984],[-71.7013,18.78542],[-71.94511,18.6169],[-71.68774,18.31666],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.37248,18.21496],[-72.84441,18.14561],[-73.45455,18.21791],[-73.92243,18.03099],[-74.45803,18.34255],[-74.36993,18.66491],[-73.44954,18.52605],[-72.69494,18.4458],[-72.33488,18.66842],[-72.79165,19.10163],[-72.7841,19.48359],[-73.41502,19.63955],[-73.18979,19.91568]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Haiti\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d9ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C. 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Since the war, work in this field has been undertaken by several independent groups in the United States and Canada, including the Geochemical Prospecting Unit of the U. S. Geological Survey.Best results have been obtained by systematic analysis of zinc in residuum, ground water, and vegetation; copper and lead in gossan and residuum; tin in residuum and alluvium; molybdenum in residuum; and cobalt, nickel, and gold in vegetation. In addition, studies of plant ecologies and toxicity symptoms in vegetation in relation to metal-rich soil appear to be promising.Rapid colorimetric and spectrographic tests for traces of metals in soil, water, and vegetation have been developed for use under field conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.706","usgsCitation":"Hawkes, H.E., 1949, Geochemical prospecting for ores; a progress report: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 8, p. 706-712, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.706.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"712","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkes, Herbert Edwin","contributorId":36226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215455,"text":"70215455 - 1949 - Buried preglacial ground water channels in the Albany-Schenectady area in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T17:30:20.685977","indexId":"70215455","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-01T12:52:09","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buried preglacial ground water channels in the Albany-Schenectady area in New York","docAbstract":"A map is presented showing contours of the buried preglacial channel of the Mohawk River from Schenectady, New York, to its confluence with the Hudson River about 12 miles south of Albany and of associated buried preglacial channels. The Pleistocene history of a portion of the Mohawk and Hudson Rivers is discussed, and the relation of buried valleys to ground-water supplies is indicated.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dcfe4b03fd6b7da37fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prior, C. H.","contributorId":57827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prior","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215622,"text":"70215622 - 1949 - Geology and ground water of the Azapa valley, province of tarapaca, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-26T16:41:35.452909","indexId":"70215622","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-26T11:33:58","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground water of the Azapa valley, province of tarapaca, Chile","docAbstract":"In the Azapa valley, Chile, Pleistocene and Recent alluvial fill, composed of intercalated lenses of clay, silt, sand, and gravel, contains a zone of saturation that is sustained by infiltration from floods of the San Jose river, from December through March.
The City of Bountiful, Utah, is situated just beyond the eastern edge of an area where alluvial gravel and sand of Pleistocene and probably Tertiary age yield water by artesian flow. Attempts to recharge these aquifers by diversion of surplus stream water into a spreading canal east of the city have been unsuccessful, because of the relative impermeability of the torrential debris which has accumulated along the western base of the Wasatch Range. Instead, the water spread from the canal has increased the yield of permeable shore deposits of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville which crop out east of the city.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00539","usgsCitation":"American Geophysical Union, 1949, Artificial recharge of ground water by the city of Bountiful, Utah: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 539-542, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00539.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"542","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bountiful","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.97540283203125,\n 40.82835864973048\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 40.82835864973048\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 40.99130135480306\n ],\n [\n -111.97540283203125,\n 40.99130135480306\n ],\n [\n -111.97540283203125,\n 40.82835864973048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70215512,"text":"70215512 - 1949 - Discussion of “Runoff from rain and snow” by Arthur M. Piper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T19:29:57.286703","indexId":"70215512","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T14:25:18","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of “Runoff from rain and snow” by Arthur M. Piper","docAbstract":"As a basis to study the discharge characteristics of the Metolius River the John Day River was used. The Deschutes Basin of which the Metolius drainage area is a part was compared to the John Day Basin. There are several factors which must be considered when comparing the two basins. Perhaps the most important point which was not stresses is the fact that although about three‐fourths of the flow of the Deschutes River rises in the western most part of the Deschutes Basin, which part was more or less exempted by Piper in his discussion of general runoff characteristics, it is less than half of the Deschutes Watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00606","usgsCitation":"Sexton, H., and Piper, A., 1949, Discussion of “Runoff from rain and snow” by Arthur M. Piper: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 606-607, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00606.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"607","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, H.W.","contributorId":243567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, Arthur M.","contributorId":65060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"Arthur M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215511,"text":"70215511 - 1949 - Volcanic activity on Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands, 1946–1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T19:24:07.665213","indexId":"70215511","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T13:54:10","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic activity on Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands, 1946–1948","docAbstract":"As part of the United States Geological Survey's volcano program in the Aleutian volcanic arc during 1946–1948, the volcanoes and thermal areas on Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands were studied. In addition to observation of the volcanoes, temperatures of fumaroles were measured and some products of the volcanic activity were collected and analyzed.
After an eruption in 1945, Cone A in Okmok Caldera on northeastern Umnak Island remained relatively quiet during the period 1946–1948. The fumarole gases contained water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. The incrustations associated with the sulfur dioxide fumaroles are the sulfate minerals halotrichite, gypsum, and soda alum. Temperatures of lava fumaroles at the source of the December, 1945 lava flow from Cone A dropped from an average of 320°C on July 19, 1946, to 90°C on September 5, 1946. With exception of the large central fumarole which reached red heat in 1947, the extra crater fumaroles of Cone A ranged from 96° to 98° C in temperature
Cone C, another cone in Okmok Caldera was in the solfataric stage and emitted water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, and probably carbon dioxide. Incrustations associated with fumaroles on this cone consisted of sulfur, pyrite, and aragonite. The temperatures of the fumaroles ranged from 95° to 96°C and were probably kept within this narrow range partly by the heat supplied during condensation of steam.
Sixteen large thermal springs emerging from the base of Cone D in Okmok Caldera had an aggregate discharge of approximately 115 cfs and gave off approximately 21,000 kcal of heat per second on September 7, 1946.
Water samples of thermal springs on Umnak Island contained as high as 159 ppm of boron expressed as B203 and a few parts per million of arsenic and antimony. Several of the thermal springs in southwestern Umnak Island were slightly superheated with respect to the boiling point of water and behaved as small geysers. As has been found elsewhere, the discharge, temperature, and composition of the emanations from a spring is modified by surface conditions of topography and drainage.
Thermal springs and fumaroles on Great Sitkin Island occurred at an altitude of about 2000 ft near the head of the west fork of Big Fox Creek. All the fumaroles were at or near a temperature of 100°C. The large crater fumarole in the center of the 1945 crater dome was unapproachable. No change in the activity of Great Sitkin volcano was observed between 1946 and August 1948.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i005p00719","usgsCitation":"Byers, F., and Brannock, W.W., 1949, Volcanic activity on Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands, 1946–1948: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 5, p. 719-734, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i005p00719.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"734","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umnak and Great Sitkin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.6484375,\n 51.45400691005982\n ],\n [\n -163.037109375,\n 51.45400691005982\n ],\n [\n -163.037109375,\n 56.12106042504407\n ],\n [\n -179.6484375,\n 56.12106042504407\n ],\n [\n -179.6484375,\n 51.45400691005982\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byers, F.M. Jr.","contributorId":78338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"F.M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannock, W. W.","contributorId":74504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215510,"text":"70215510 - 1949 - Recovery of ground‐water supplies by pumping from watertable ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T18:50:40.614939","indexId":"70215510","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T13:22:32","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of ground‐water supplies by pumping from watertable ponds","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes a study made to determine whether ground‐water storage in the glacial deposits in the vicinity of Fresh Pond, a water‐table pond used as part of the public supply of the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, is available to augment the supply from surface‐water reservoirs.
Test wells were drilled; water level, well and test boring, and quality of water data, and data on Inflow and outflow from Fresh Pond were collected, and seismic profiles were run, to determine whether the glacial deposits in the vicinity of the pond contribute appreciable quantities of water to the pond. The data show that water levels in certain wells fluctuate with the level of Fresh Pond and that certain other water levels do not, indicating ground‐water contributions to the pond when it is at low stages and increases in ground‐water storage when pond stages are high. The largest changes in ground‐water storage occur in the glacial deposits underlying the banks to the west and northwest of the pond. Mineral characteristics of the well and pond waters offer no evidence as to the direction of ground‐water flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i002p00283","usgsCitation":"Halberg, H., and Roberts, C., 1949, Recovery of ground‐water supplies by pumping from watertable ponds: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 2, p. 283-292, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i002p00283.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"292","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cambridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.19277954101562,\n 42.363617631805496\n ],\n [\n -71.06643676757812,\n 42.363617631805496\n ],\n [\n -71.06643676757812,\n 42.42548395494743\n ],\n [\n -71.19277954101562,\n 42.42548395494743\n ],\n [\n -71.19277954101562,\n 42.363617631805496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halberg, Henry N.","contributorId":19929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halberg","given":"Henry N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Claude M.","contributorId":64661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Claude M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215509,"text":"70215509 - 1949 - Reservoir systems in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T18:16:30.976533","indexId":"70215509","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T13:07:07","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir systems in Maine","docAbstract":"The numerous lakes and ponds that are found in almost every portion of the State of Maine are important resources of the state. There are 2222 bodies of fresh water that are classed as great ponds, that is, ponds whose areas are ten acres or more, and the total area of these lakes aid ponds is about 1500 sq mi. These are a result of glaciation of the region. Some of these ponds are very deep; depths of 100 ft have been found in many lakes. In Moosehead Lake there are places where the water is 250 ft deep and in Sebago Lake as much as 315 ft. The deepest part of Sebago is 45 ft below mean sea level.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i003p00437","usgsCitation":"Stackpole, M.R., 1949, Reservoir systems in Maine: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 3, p. 437-438, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i003p00437.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"438","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackpole, Miner R.","contributorId":79461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackpole","given":"Miner","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215464,"text":"70215464 - 1949 - The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T21:22:43.788553","indexId":"70215464","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T15:08:42","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio","docAbstract":"The regime of dry‐weather flow of several streams in Ohio is presented by flow‐duration curves. For comparison, the index of ground‐water flow for each basin is the discharge in cubic feet per second per square mile which is exceeded 90 per cent of the time. These indices are shown on a map of Ohio, and are discussed with respect to known geological conditions. It is concluded that stream‐flow records provide useful inferences to ground‐water geology, but the converse is not true.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00563","usgsCitation":"Cross, W.P., 1949, The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 563-566, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00563.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"566","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, William Perry","contributorId":21137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Perry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215463,"text":"70215463 - 1949 - Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T20:08:14.955398","indexId":"70215463","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T15:01:08","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948","docAbstract":"No report of the Committee was prepared for the fiscal year 1946–1947, so the present report covers the two‐year period July 1, 1946 through June 30, 1948. Because of space limitations, fits report covers only items of research that have come to the attention of the Chairman. Reports m Hydrology and physiography of limestone terranes, by A. C. Swinnerton, and on The relation between comsumptive use of water and free‐water accretion below the root zone, by G‐ W. Musgrave, are given as Appendices A and B respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00598-2","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., 1949, Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 598-600, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00598-2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"600","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215462,"text":"70215462 - 1949 - Sheet structure, a major factor in the occurrence of ground water in the granites of Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T20:00:33.652449","indexId":"70215462","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T14:57:28","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sheet structure, a major factor in the occurrence of ground water in the granites of Georgia","docAbstract":"Increasing demand for supplies of ground water in the Piedmont of Georgia has necessarily focused attention on granitic rocks, which have a considerable areal extent in this part of the state. These rocks have the property generally known as sheet structure. Major parting planes resulting from sheeting are usually sub-parallel to the rock surface on hills and in valleys and consequently control the circulation of subsurface water. Imperfect shallow pseudosynclinal basins formed by sheet planes in valleys are the receptacles for much subsurface water that percolates along these planes from nearby upland slopes. Therefore, wells drilled in lowlands in sheeted terranes almost invariably produce greater quantities of water than those on the uplands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.2.110","usgsCitation":"LeGrand, H.E., 1949, Sheet structure, a major factor in the occurrence of ground water in the granites of Georgia: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 2, p. 110-118, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.2.110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeGrand, Harry E.","contributorId":35824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215460,"text":"70215460 - 1949 - Field method for the determination of zinc in soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T19:43:09.504254","indexId":"70215460","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T14:32:55","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field method for the determination of zinc in soils","docAbstract":"A method is described for the field estimation of total zinc in soils. A small sample of soil is fused with potassium bisulfate, the fused mass dissolved in water, buffered at pH 4 to 5.5 with acetate buffer, and sodium thiosulfate added to form complex ions with metals that might cause interference. Measured increments of the sample solution are added to a carbon-tetrachloride-dithizone solution, with vigorous shaking after each addition, until a standard color is obtained in the organic phase. Under favorable conditions up to 60 determinations per day can be made by one man. Comparisons of data obtained by the field method with accurate laboratory analyses of the same samples indicate that the method is sufficiently reliable for reconnaissance surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.4.296","usgsCitation":"Stevens, R.E., and Almond, H., 1949, Field method for the determination of zinc in soils: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 4, p. 296-306, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.4.296.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"306","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Rollin Elbert","contributorId":43745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Rollin","email":"","middleInitial":"Elbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Almond, Hy","contributorId":50138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almond","given":"Hy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175878,"text":"70175878 - 1949 - Notes on the ground-water resources of Chase County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T16:23:22.956097","indexId":"70175878","displayToPublicDate":"1949-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3634,"text":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the ground-water resources of Chase County, Kansas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas Academy of Science","doi":"10.2307/3625812","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, H., 1949, Notes on the ground-water resources of Chase County, Kansas: Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, v. 52, no. 3, p. 399-405, https://doi.org/10.2307/3625812.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Chase County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.85611785748375,\n 38.55171401668454\n ],\n [\n -96.85611785748375,\n 38.24252831043199\n ],\n [\n -96.42133981067748,\n 38.24252831043199\n ],\n [\n -96.42133981067748,\n 38.55171401668454\n ],\n [\n -96.85611785748375,\n 38.55171401668454\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82de0e4b03fd6b7da3958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, H.G.","contributorId":173877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1480,"text":"1480 - 1949 - Letters sent by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1895","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-11T16:55:30","indexId":"1480","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T16:54:39","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Letters sent by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1895","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"National Archives","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/1480","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Letters sent by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1895, 29 microfilm reels, https://doi.org/10.3133/1480.","productDescription":"29 microfilm reels","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c0ec80e4b065ccca5fe429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71177,"text":"tei85 - 1949 - Distribution of uranium in the Florida phosphate field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:53:07","indexId":"tei85","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T14:40:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85","title":"Distribution of uranium in the Florida phosphate field","docAbstract":"Land-pebble phosphate, hard-rock phosphate, and river-pebble phosphate are the three types of phosphatic rock found in Florida. This report is concerned primarily with the land-pebble deposits, the only type which contains a significant amount of uranium. The most productive part of the land-pebble district is in Polk and Hillsborough Counties,\nin the west-central part of the Florida peninsula.
\nPhosphate occurs in both the Hawthorn formation of lower\nmiddle Miocene age and the Bone Valley formation of Pliocene age. The\nphosphate in the Bone Valley is generally of higher grade, probably as\nthe result of mechanical reworking and further precipitation during\nsubmergence in Pliocene time. In a few places, leached parts of the\nHawthorn formation are also of minable grade. , Pleistocene terrace\ndeposits and beach sands unconformably overlie the Bone Valley.
\nIn Polk and Hillsborough Counties, the high-grade part of the\nland-pebble phosphate district, uranium occurs principally in the Bone\nValley formation and is concentrated in the upper part of the formation,\nwhich has been leached by ground water. The maximum tenor found\nto date is 0.1 percent uranium. The basal member of the Bone Valley\nhas a maximum grade of .02 percent uranium, and averages about .01\npercent uranium. Fresh, unweathered Hawthorn formation has little or\nno uranium, but leached Hawthorn, rich in P2O5, contains a maximum of\n0.01 percent uranium. The Pleistocene sands have no uranium except\nwhere they contain reworked phosphatic material from the Bone Valley\nformation.
\nSouth of the high- grade district, in Manatee and Hardee\nCounties, the Bone Valley, Hawthorn, and Pleistocene formations contain\nonly very minor amounts of uranium.
\nThe uranium in the land-pebble deposits was probably syngenetic\nin origin. Subsequent leaching of soluble material has resulted in\nresidual enrichment of uranium. The uranium seems to be associated with\nthe phosphate mineral.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei85","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, J.B., 1949, Distribution of uranium in the Florida phosphate field: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 85, Report: 18 p.; 2 Plates: 29.24 x 15.13 inches and 31.67 x 21.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei85.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 2 Plates: 29.24 x 15.13 inches and 31.67 x 21.48 inches","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei85.jpg"},{"id":285597,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0085/figure-1.pdf"},{"id":285598,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0085/figure-2.pdf"},{"id":285599,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0085/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.8519,26.9966 ], [ -82.8519,28.4788 ], [ -80.0936,28.4788 ], [ -80.0936,26.9966 ], [ -82.8519,26.9966 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559400e4b0120853e8bf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, James B.","contributorId":51201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathcart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232750,"text":"70232750 - 1949 - Fourth special report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association: Steam blast volcanic eruptions: A study of Mount Pelée in Martinique as type volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T14:10:51.021054","indexId":"70232750","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T12:35:29","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10993,"text":"Report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Fourth special report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association: Steam blast volcanic eruptions: A study of Mount Pelée in Martinique as type volcano","docAbstract":"The investigation is concerned with the author's expedition to Martinique and St. Vincent in 1902 and comparison of the experience of investigators and sufferers with that of others in so-called \"explosive\" eruptions. The Hawaiian mechanism is reviewed with special reference to rifts, underground water, intrusion furnace, wedge rupture, and lowering of magma. These features of structure are applied to Martinique, St. Vincent, Kilauea, Tarawera, Sakurajima, Katmai, Taal and Tomboro as a series of steam blasts old and new. The comparison is found to be applicable and the analogy with Hawaii considered as fundamentally magmatic for gas and basaltic slag, brings out the contrast that lies in steam eruptions. For all volcanoes they are believed features of ground water and of collapse. Ground water stimulates lava eruptions.
The Pelée disaster at St. Pierre May 8, 1902, followed by a dacite dome with spines, which renewed activity in 1929, is examined for paroxysms of downblast. These are distinguished sharply from the Carib migratory upblasts along valley fissures which are not uncommon elsewhere. The valleys are on rifts recognized as deep fumaroles. The Ghyben-Herzberg laws of ground water are applicable. Geyser rhythm was followed by Pelée, Soufriére of St. Vincent, and Kilauea in their sequence of paroxysms. Structure sections are drawn to scale, and the structural reactions of intrusion, rifts, boiler, gas effervescence, heat, and timing are thus outlined. The bearing of this machinery on volcanism in general, on world ignisepta and on reaction of magma is suggested. It is contended that steamblast is a climax of eruption in the water zone and should be sharply delimited from the rising and intrusion of fundamental earth magma, and from the high pressure water reactions of ocean bottoms. Rising magma is considered an age-long elevatory force along volcanic lines, modified by cyclical yielding. Compared with oceanic volcanism continental irruption in sediments is a separate science in experimental field geophysics. Every locality supramarine or submarine of warm ground and steep thermal gradient is a subject for volcanology, if pulsating ground water is critically, thermally and chemically measured.
Authors are referred to herein by names and dates in parentheses, as listed in the appendices.
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