{"pageNumber":"2688","pageRowStart":"67175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184608,"records":[{"id":53805,"text":"wri034284 - 2004 - Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wri034284","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4284","title":"Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002","docAbstract":"Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas and the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas are sources of water for industrial, public supply, domestic, and agricultural uses. Potentiometric-surface maps were constructed from water-level measurements made in 60 wells completed in the Nacatoch Sand and 48 wells completed in the Tokio Formation during January and February 2002. \r\n\r\nIn northeastern Arkansas, withdrawals from the Nacatoch Sand increased by 784 percent from 1965 to 1990 and decreased by 30 percent from 1990 to 2000. In southwestern Arkansas withdrawals from aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation increased by 125 percent and 201 percent, respectively, from 1965 to 1980 and decreased by 93 percent and 81 percent, respectively, from 1980 to 2000. Long-term hydrographs were prepared for 13 wells in the study area. Changes in water levels in some wells may be associated with changes in withdrawals from the respective aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas generally is towards the southeast. The potentiometric high is located along the north and northwestern boundaries of the subarea. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in southwestern Arkansas is towards the south-southeast in Little River, Miller, and Hempstead Counties and to the east-southeast in Nevada and Clark Counties. The potentiometric high is located within the outcrop area in north-central Hempstead County. Cones of depression exist in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in southeastern Hempstead County and in southwestern Clark County. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas generally is towards the south or southeast. The potentiometric high is located where the aquifer outcrops in the northwestern part of the study area. An area of artesian flow exists in southeastern Pike, northeastern Hempstead, and northwestern Nevada Counties. One apparent cone of depression may exist northwest of Hope in Hempstead County.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034284","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T.P., and Scheiderer, R.M., 2004, Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4284, 24 p.; 10 figs.; 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034284.","productDescription":"24 p.; 10 figs.; 2 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5218,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4284/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheiderer, Rheannon M.","contributorId":104571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheiderer","given":"Rheannon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53438,"text":"wri034199 - 2004 - Salt-Pond Box Model (SPOOM) and Its Application to the Napa-Sonoma Salt Ponds, San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:57:07","indexId":"wri034199","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4199","title":"Salt-Pond Box Model (SPOOM) and Its Application to the Napa-Sonoma Salt Ponds, San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>A box model to simulate water volume and salinity of a salt pond has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey to obtain water and salinity budgets. The model, SPOOM, uses the principle of conservation of mass to calculate daily pond volume and salinity and includes a salt crystallization and dissolution algorithm. Model inputs include precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, and water transfers. Salinity and water-surface-elevation data were collected monthly in the Napa-Sonoma Salt-Pond Complex from February 1999 through September 2001 and were used to calibrate and validate the model. The months when water transfers occurred were known but the magnitudes were unknown, so the magnitudes of water transfers were adjusted in the model to calibrate simulated pond volumes to measured pond volumes for three ponds. Modeled salinity was then compared with measured salinity, which remained a free parameter, in order to validate the model. Comparison showed good correlation between modeled and measured salinity. Deviations can be attributed to lack of water-transfer information. Water and salinity budgets obtained through modeling will be used to help interpret ecological data from the ponds. This model has been formulated to be applicable to the Napa-Sonoma salt ponds, but can be applied to other salt ponds.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034199","usgsCitation":"Lionberger, M.L., Schoellhamer, D., Buchanan, P.A., and Meyer, S., 2004, Salt-Pond Box Model (SPOOM) and Its Application to the Napa-Sonoma Salt Ponds, San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4199, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034199.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5260,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lionberger, Megan L.","contributorId":50966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Scott","contributorId":16920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54240,"text":"fs20043009 - 2004 - Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"fs20043009","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3009","title":"Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043009","usgsCitation":"Brendle, D.L., 2004, Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3009, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043009.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3009.bmp"},{"id":5348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68396b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brendle, Daniel L.","contributorId":76283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brendle","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54028,"text":"ofr20041203 - 2004 - Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20041203","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1203","title":"Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2002","docAbstract":"Previous investigations indicated that natural attenuation and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are substantial in shallow ground water beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU 1), Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to monitor ground-water geochemistry to assure that conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation. This report presents the geochemical and selected CVOC data for ground water at OU 1, collected by the USGS during June 10-14, 2002, in support of long-term monitoring for natural attenuation. \r\n\r\nOverall, the geochemical data for June 2002 indicate that redox conditions in the upper-aquifer water remain favorable for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated VOCs because strongly reducing conditions persisted beneath much of the former landfill. Redox conditions in the intermediate aquifer downgradient of the landfill also remained favorable for reductive dechlorination, although the 2002 dissolved hydrogen (H2) concentration from well MW1-28 is questionable. Changes in redox conditions were observed at certain wells during 2002, but a longer monitoring period and more thorough interpretation are needed to ascertain if phytoremediation activities are affecting redox conditions and if biodegradation processes are changing over time. The Navy intends to complete a more thorough interpretation in preparation for the 5-year review of OU 1 scheduled for 2004.\r\n\r\nThere were a few substantial differences between the 2002 concentrations and previously observed concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Total CVOC concentrations in 2002 samples decreased substantially in all piezometers sampled in the northern plantation, and the largest percentages of decrease were for the compounds trichloroethene (TCE) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE). Changes in total CVOC concentrations in the southern plantation were less consistent. Historically high concentrations were observed in samples from three piezometers, with particularly substantial increases in TCE and cis-DCE concentrations, and historically low concentrations were observed in two piezometers, with particularly substantial decreases in TCE and cis-DCE concentrations. Similarly to the redox chemistry, a longer monitoring period and more thorough interpretation are needed to ascertain if phytoremediation activities are affecting CVOC concentrations and if biodegradation processes are changing over time.\r\n\r\nNo changes in monitoring plans are proposed for June 2003, although the practice of deploying a data sonde downhole while purging the wells will be discontinued. Downhole monitoring added uncertainty to selected measured dissolved H2 concentrations because of the possibility that the sonde and cable created a bridge that resulted in non-equilibrium dissolved H2 concentrations at the wells.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041203","usgsCitation":"Dinicola, R., 2004, Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1203, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041203.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5471,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinicola, Richard S. 0000-0003-4222-294X dinicola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-294X","contributorId":352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Richard S.","email":"dinicola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55689,"text":"ofr20041040A - 2004 - Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Espanola Basin region, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:14:26.756742","indexId":"ofr20041040A","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1040","chapter":"A","title":"Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Espanola Basin region, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041040A","isbn":"0607969466","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, D.A., 2004, Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Espanola Basin region, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1040, 1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041040A.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1040-a/ofr20041040A.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":181471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Espanola Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":254009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174690,"text":"70174690 - 2004 - The importance of hyporheic sediment respiration in several mid-order Michigan rivers: Comparison between methods in estimates of lotic metabolism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T13:54:33","indexId":"70174690","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of hyporheic sediment respiration in several mid-order Michigan rivers: Comparison between methods in estimates of lotic metabolism","docAbstract":"<p><span>Metabolism was measured in four Michigan streams, comparing estimates made using a flow-through chamber designed to include the hyporheic zone to a 20 cm depth and a traditional closed chamber that enclosed to a 5 cm depth. Mean levels of gross primary productivity and community respiration were consistently greater in the flow-through chamber than the closed chamber in all streams. Ratios of productivity to respiration (P/R) were consistently greater in the closed chambers than the flow-through chambers. P/R ratios were consistently &lt;1 in all streams when estimated with flow-through chambers, suggesting heterotrophic conditions. Maintenance of stream ecosystem structure and function therefore is dependent on subsidies either from the adjacent terrestrial system or upstream sources. Our results suggest that stream metabolism studies that rely on extrapolation of closed chambers to the whole reach will most likely underestimate gross primary productivity and community respiration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025056.18736.d6","usgsCitation":"Uzarski, D., Stricker, C.A., Burton, T., King, D.K., and Steinman, A., 2004, The importance of hyporheic sediment respiration in several mid-order Michigan rivers: Comparison between methods in estimates of lotic metabolism: Hydrobiologia, v. 518, no. 1, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025056.18736.d6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"AuSable River, Jordan River, Red Cedar River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-85.825955,45.404296],[-85.833516,45.378175],[-85.88301,45.443479],[-85.834891,45.428356],[-85.825955,45.404296]]],[[[-86.093536,45.007838],[-86.133655,44.996874],[-86.154824,45.002394],[-86.156689,45.010535],[-86.141644,45.040251],[-86.117908,45.048478],[-86.079103,45.030795],[-86.100315,45.02624],[-86.093536,45.007838]]],[[[-86.033174,45.15842],[-85.993194,45.152805],[-85.976803,45.138363],[-85.984095,45.087073],[-85.976883,45.06266],[-85.99736,45.055929],[-86.058653,45.100776],[-86.065016,45.140266],[-86.050473,45.158418],[-86.033174,45.15842]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.656915,48.139225],[-88.547033,48.174891],[-88.524753,48.165291],[-88.501088,48.168181],[-88.482039,48.179915],[-88.422601,48.190975],[-88.418244,48.18037],[-88.419875,48.170731],[-88.459697,48.158551],[-88.566938,48.093719],[-88.578053,48.084373],[-88.579784,48.058669],[-88.670073,48.011446],[-88.899184,47.9533],[-88.962664,47.923512],[-88.968903,47.901675],[-88.942387,47.895436],[-88.899698,47.902445],[-88.911665,47.891344],[-89.157738,47.824015],[-89.19017,47.831603],[-89.201812,47.850243],[-89.234533,47.851718],[-89.228507,47.858039],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-89.179154,47.93503],[-88.940886,48.01959],[-88.915032,48.020681],[-88.835714,48.056752],[-88.787556,48.063035],[-88.764256,48.085189],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-84.612845,45.834528],[-84.650783,45.85921],[-84.646876,45.884642],[-84.622515,45.87753],[-84.578328,45.820092],[-84.432472,45.786732],[-84.421267,45.792694],[-84.42159,45.805651],[-84.403208,45.784394],[-84.35602,45.771895],[-84.372248,45.745784],[-84.405852,45.722417],[-84.484128,45.73071],[-84.612845,45.834528]]],[[[-85.524448,45.829794],[-85.450206,45.796677],[-85.450206,45.776452],[-85.462581,45.765864],[-85.507263,45.778237],[-85.532009,45.798172],[-85.524448,45.829794]]],[[[-85.696872,45.69725],[-85.701809,45.736129],[-85.688849,45.747238],[-85.651866,45.743139],[-85.649353,45.722552],[-85.672187,45.696633],[-85.696872,45.69725]]],[[[-85.360952,45.817554],[-85.351434,45.795663],[-85.359048,45.776627],[-85.377132,45.769013],[-85.394264,45.778531],[-85.377132,45.812795],[-85.360952,45.817554]]],[[[-85.566441,45.760222],[-85.53562,45.750394],[-85.506133,45.754715],[-85.497656,45.746246],[-85.515145,45.749451],[-85.520803,45.737247],[-85.498777,45.726291],[-85.494016,45.698476],[-85.506104,45.681148],[-85.490252,45.652122],[-85.487026,45.621211],[-85.534064,45.578198],[-85.561634,45.572213],[-85.618049,45.582647],[-85.630016,45.598166],[-85.604521,45.639256],[-85.604881,45.681932],[-85.572309,45.711449],[-85.566441,45.760222]]],[[[-86.626187,45.573581],[-86.622023,45.55633],[-86.636895,45.542053],[-86.648792,45.543243],[-86.661284,45.574176],[-86.712328,45.610939],[-86.67727,45.613689],[-86.626187,45.573581]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-84.806082,41.696089],[-84.805883,41.760216],[-86.823628,41.76024],[-86.717037,41.819349],[-86.619442,41.893827],[-86.582197,41.942241],[-86.485223,42.118239],[-86.356218,42.254166],[-86.297168,42.358207],[-86.261573,42.443894],[-86.226037,42.592811],[-86.22905,42.637693],[-86.206834,42.719424],[-86.210737,42.859128],[-86.232707,43.015762],[-86.280756,43.136015],[-86.407832,43.338436],[-86.479276,43.515335],[-86.529507,43.593462],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.529686,43.676849],[-86.463436,43.744687],[-86.43114,43.815569],[-86.462756,43.969655],[-86.508827,44.032755],[-86.514704,44.057672],[-86.421576,44.128962],[-86.362847,44.208113],[-86.343793,44.249608],[-86.26871,44.345324],[-86.248083,44.420946],[-86.248914,44.483004],[-86.220697,44.566742],[-86.22545,44.59459],[-86.259029,44.663654],[-86.256796,44.686769],[-86.232482,44.70605],[-86.09074,44.740544],[-86.074658,44.766792],[-86.065966,44.821522],[-86.072468,44.884788],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-86.038332,44.915696],[-86.021513,44.902774],[-85.992535,44.900026],[-85.9316,44.968788],[-85.897626,44.962014],[-85.869852,44.939031],[-85.807403,44.949814],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.771395,45.015181],[-85.746444,45.051229],[-85.695715,45.076461],[-85.656024,45.145788],[-85.618639,45.186771],[-85.606963,45.178477],[-85.585986,45.180381],[-85.551072,45.210742],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.526734,45.189316],[-85.531461,45.177247],[-85.564897,45.153962],[-85.599801,45.149286],[-85.614319,45.127562],[-85.583198,45.071304],[-85.566066,45.059201],[-85.56613,45.043633],[-85.597181,45.040547],[-85.599652,45.021749],[-85.621878,45.004529],[-85.602356,44.974272],[-85.602034,44.926743],[-85.621403,44.923123],[-85.645456,44.883645],[-85.652355,44.849092],[-85.637,44.790078],[-85.640781,44.775561],[-85.627982,44.767508],[-85.593833,44.768651],[-85.581717,44.807784],[-85.532931,44.87319],[-85.530729,44.889182],[-85.559524,44.888113],[-85.564509,44.895246],[-85.533553,44.925762],[-85.520034,44.973996],[-85.475204,44.991053],[-85.464944,44.961062],[-85.48574,44.953626],[-85.500872,44.85883],[-85.555894,44.818256],[-85.57517,44.762766],[-85.554774,44.748917],[-85.527216,44.748235],[-85.504775,44.768082],[-85.509251,44.787334],[-85.499591,44.803838],[-85.462943,44.825044],[-85.3958,44.931018],[-85.378286,44.998587],[-85.380659,45.046319],[-85.366412,45.069023],[-85.366908,45.116938],[-85.386726,45.189497],[-85.388593,45.23524],[-85.371593,45.270834],[-85.307646,45.31314],[-85.262996,45.319507],[-85.196704,45.360641],[-85.143651,45.370369],[-85.032813,45.361251],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-84.912956,45.409776],[-84.922006,45.421914],[-84.990041,45.427618],[-84.978373,45.420171],[-85.040272,45.436509],[-85.087756,45.476335],[-85.115479,45.539406],[-85.119026,45.573002],[-85.07491,45.629242],[-85.007026,45.65636],[-84.942636,45.714292],[-84.951745,45.737326],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-85.00741,45.763168],[-84.805114,45.746378],[-84.781995,45.760345],[-84.7798,45.76965],[-84.79229,45.778464],[-84.780313,45.787224],[-84.734065,45.788205],[-84.715996,45.766174],[-84.573631,45.710381],[-84.46168,45.652404],[-84.442348,45.654771],[-84.427495,45.669201],[-84.376403,45.655565],[-84.329537,45.66438],[-84.215268,45.634767],[-84.128867,45.562284],[-84.122309,45.523788],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-84.056138,45.489349],[-84.028813,45.497225],[-83.939261,45.493189],[-83.909472,45.485784],[-83.806622,45.419159],[-83.721815,45.413304],[-83.599273,45.352561],[-83.570361,45.347198],[-83.538306,45.358167],[-83.514717,45.34646],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.422486,45.290989],[-83.381743,45.268983],[-83.41241,45.238905],[-83.363678,45.166469],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.30788,45.099093],[-83.265896,45.026844],[-83.340257,45.041545],[-83.36747,45.062268],[-83.399255,45.070364],[-83.433798,45.057616],[-83.453363,45.035331],[-83.446342,45.016655],[-83.431254,45.007998],[-83.450013,44.990219],[-83.433032,44.93289],[-83.404596,44.918761],[-83.39396,44.903056],[-83.320503,44.880571],[-83.321241,44.852962],[-83.300648,44.829831],[-83.296265,44.743502],[-83.274674,44.70477],[-83.287802,44.657703],[-83.31445,44.608926],[-83.308471,44.539902],[-83.326824,44.444411],[-83.321553,44.409119],[-83.333757,44.372486],[-83.332533,44.340464],[-83.343738,44.329763],[-83.373607,44.327784],[-83.414301,44.294543],[-83.425762,44.272487],[-83.442731,44.265361],[-83.460958,44.278176],[-83.500392,44.27661],[-83.53771,44.248171],[-83.567744,44.155899],[-83.573071,44.101298],[-83.591361,44.079237],[-83.58409,44.056748],[-83.650116,44.052404],[-83.679654,44.036365],[-83.687892,44.020709],[-83.680108,43.994196],[-83.76283,43.985361],[-83.82808,43.989003],[-83.877047,43.959351],[-83.890912,43.923314],[-83.907388,43.918062],[-83.916815,43.89905],[-83.929375,43.777091],[-83.945426,43.759946],[-83.954792,43.760932],[-83.939297,43.715369],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.852076,43.644922],[-83.770693,43.628691],[-83.769886,43.634924],[-83.725793,43.618691],[-83.703446,43.597646],[-83.669795,43.59079],[-83.553707,43.685432],[-83.540187,43.708746],[-83.515853,43.718157],[-83.506657,43.710907],[-83.48007,43.714636],[-83.470053,43.723418],[-83.440171,43.761694],[-83.446752,43.77186],[-83.438311,43.786846],[-83.411453,43.805033],[-83.407647,43.831998],[-83.33227,43.880522],[-83.331788,43.893901],[-83.347365,43.91216],[-83.30569,43.922489],[-83.28231,43.938031],[-83.26185,43.969021],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-83.058741,44.006224],[-83.024604,44.045174],[-82.990728,44.048846],[-82.967439,44.066138],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.889831,44.050952],[-82.793205,44.023247],[-82.783198,44.009366],[-82.746255,43.996037],[-82.678642,43.88373],[-82.65545,43.867883],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.647784,43.842684],[-82.633641,43.831224],[-82.612224,43.739771],[-82.597911,43.590016],[-82.539517,43.437539],[-82.523086,43.225361],[-82.486684,43.104688],[-82.415937,43.005555],[-82.42455,42.993393],[-82.412965,42.977041],[-82.455027,42.926866],[-82.469912,42.887459],[-82.468961,42.852314],[-82.482045,42.808629],[-82.467483,42.76191],[-82.510533,42.665172],[-82.518782,42.613888],[-82.589779,42.550678],[-82.640916,42.554973],[-82.686417,42.518597],[-82.664335,42.546244],[-82.680758,42.557909],[-82.688061,42.588417],[-82.701152,42.585991],[-82.713042,42.597904],[-82.683482,42.609433],[-82.690124,42.625033],[-82.669103,42.637225],[-82.645715,42.631145],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.623043,42.655951],[-82.630851,42.673341],[-82.700964,42.689548],[-82.813518,42.640833],[-82.819017,42.616333],[-82.789017,42.603434],[-82.782414,42.564834],[-82.834216,42.567849],[-82.874416,42.523535],[-82.883915,42.471836],[-82.870572,42.451235],[-82.894013,42.389437],[-82.915114,42.378137],[-82.928815,42.359437],[-82.92397,42.352068],[-83.064121,42.317738],[-83.096521,42.290138],[-83.128022,42.238839],[-83.133923,42.17474],[-83.121323,42.125742],[-83.133511,42.088143],[-83.157624,42.085542],[-83.188598,42.066431],[-83.181475,42.019301],[-83.187246,42.007573],[-83.208647,42.00504],[-83.216835,41.98862],[-83.248741,41.972735],[-83.269521,41.939042],[-83.292761,41.944616],[-83.315859,41.935893],[-83.341557,41.879956],[-83.366187,41.865505],[-83.379705,41.871729],[-83.40822,41.832654],[-83.436298,41.816471],[-83.443364,41.789118],[-83.42418,41.741042],[-83.503433,41.731547],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-88.116846,45.921703],[-88.189789,45.952208],[-88.209585,45.94428],[-88.239672,45.948982],[-88.249117,45.963663],[-88.292381,45.951115],[-88.316894,45.960969],[-88.326003,45.9553],[-88.334628,45.968808],[-88.380183,45.991654],[-88.414849,45.975483],[-88.458658,45.999391],[-88.492495,45.992157],[-88.509516,46.019169],[-88.565485,46.015708],[-88.589,46.005077],[-88.598093,46.017623],[-88.613063,45.990627],[-88.663697,45.989084],[-88.674606,46.010567],[-88.698716,46.017903],[-88.718397,46.013284],[-88.730675,46.026535],[-88.776187,46.015931],[-88.784411,46.032709],[-88.811948,46.021609],[-88.837991,46.030176],[-89.09163,46.138505],[-90.120489,46.336852],[-90.116844,46.355153],[-90.157851,46.409291],[-90.163422,46.434605],[-90.220532,46.503403],[-90.263018,46.502777],[-90.277131,46.524487],[-90.312581,46.517113],[-90.310329,46.536852],[-90.331887,46.553278],[-90.344338,46.552087],[-90.349462,46.53808],[-90.39332,46.532615],[-90.41562,46.563169],[-90.327626,46.607744],[-90.306609,46.602741],[-90.164026,46.645515],[-90.028392,46.67439],[-89.918466,46.740324],[-89.846962,46.796556],[-89.790663,46.818469],[-89.678469,46.832923],[-89.619329,46.81889],[-89.516895,46.841025],[-89.415154,46.843983],[-89.228362,46.912751],[-89.128698,46.992599],[-89.086742,46.985298],[-89.02893,47.00114],[-88.998907,46.99531],[-88.972802,47.002096],[-88.925586,47.040923],[-88.890708,47.099024],[-88.848176,47.115065],[-88.816684,47.139938],[-88.764351,47.155762],[-88.676624,47.216918],[-88.573997,47.245989],[-88.498756,47.295256],[-88.418841,47.371058],[-88.285635,47.422146],[-88.23944,47.429923],[-88.217822,47.448738],[-88.040291,47.475999],[-87.801184,47.473301],[-87.715942,47.439816],[-87.710471,47.4062],[-87.75138,47.405066],[-87.815371,47.38479],[-87.8567,47.395387],[-87.957058,47.38726],[-87.965598,47.368645],[-87.938787,47.346777],[-87.94336,47.335899],[-88.06009,47.295796],[-88.163059,47.216278],[-88.227552,47.199938],[-88.242109,47.172184],[-88.239487,47.151176],[-88.231797,47.149609],[-88.239895,47.139436],[-88.262537,47.145087],[-88.281652,47.138239],[-88.297547,47.098639],[-88.346501,47.079407],[-88.367624,47.019213],[-88.410157,46.978782],[-88.443901,46.972251],[-88.474217,46.889034],[-88.483748,46.831727],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.438427,46.786714],[-88.38141,46.838466],[-88.375577,46.857313],[-88.352145,46.857009],[-88.244437,46.929612],[-88.145561,46.966409],[-88.132957,46.962237],[-88.185964,46.920025],[-88.175197,46.90458],[-88.083937,46.920112],[-88.004298,46.906982],[-87.900695,46.909682],[-87.847037,46.884163],[-87.816794,46.891154],[-87.783216,46.879927],[-87.766243,46.861446],[-87.741857,46.865274],[-87.72588,46.827426],[-87.69459,46.827182],[-87.681561,46.842392],[-87.662261,46.815157],[-87.6333,46.812107],[-87.595307,46.78295],[-87.581674,46.729399],[-87.523308,46.688488],[-87.503238,46.647796],[-87.469023,46.635918],[-87.464108,46.614811],[-87.442612,46.602776],[-87.383961,46.59307],[-87.381649,46.580059],[-87.392974,46.572523],[-87.375613,46.54714],[-87.393985,46.533183],[-87.352448,46.501324],[-87.259116,46.488283],[-87.12744,46.494014],[-87.008724,46.532723],[-86.964534,46.516549],[-86.947077,46.472064],[-86.903742,46.466138],[-86.889094,46.458499],[-86.883919,46.441514],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.816026,46.437892],[-86.803557,46.466669],[-86.768516,46.479072],[-86.735929,46.475231],[-86.70323,46.439378],[-86.686412,46.454965],[-86.683819,46.498079],[-86.701929,46.511571],[-86.709325,46.543914],[-86.678182,46.561039],[-86.656479,46.558453],[-86.62738,46.53371],[-86.646393,46.485776],[-86.627441,46.47754],[-86.612173,46.493295],[-86.609039,46.470239],[-86.586168,46.463324],[-86.469306,46.551422],[-86.437167,46.54896],[-86.34989,46.578035],[-86.161681,46.669475],[-86.138295,46.672935],[-86.119862,46.657256],[-86.099843,46.654615],[-85.877908,46.690914],[-85.751345,46.67743],[-85.50951,46.675786],[-85.257999,46.753078],[-85.173042,46.763634],[-85.063556,46.757856],[-84.954009,46.771362],[-85.007616,46.728339],[-85.027513,46.697451],[-85.037056,46.600995],[-85.025491,46.546397],[-85.056133,46.52652],[-85.049847,46.503963],[-85.025598,46.483028],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.937145,46.489252],[-84.921931,46.469962],[-84.861448,46.46993],[-84.829491,46.444071],[-84.769151,46.453523],[-84.678423,46.487694],[-84.63102,46.484868],[-84.573522,46.427895],[-84.551496,46.418522],[-84.503719,46.43919],[-84.471848,46.434289],[-84.455527,46.453897],[-84.463322,46.467435],[-84.445149,46.489016],[-84.420274,46.501077],[-84.343599,46.507713],[-84.275814,46.492821],[-84.254434,46.500821],[-84.226131,46.53392],[-84.193729,46.53992],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.128925,46.530119],[-84.111225,46.504119],[-84.146172,46.41852],[-84.138906,46.372221],[-84.106247,46.321963],[-84.119629,46.315013],[-84.115563,46.268225],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.118175,46.233968],[-84.14595,46.224995],[-84.182732,46.23545],[-84.219494,46.231992],[-84.249164,46.206461],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-84.221001,46.163062],[-84.196669,46.16615],[-84.177298,46.183993],[-84.125022,46.180209],[-84.100126,46.15077],[-84.026536,46.131648],[-84.061329,46.113482],[-84.072398,46.09669],[-84.066257,46.087438],[-83.989526,46.032823],[-83.943933,46.031465],[-83.900535,45.998918],[-83.873147,45.993426],[-83.845399,46.025679],[-83.830146,46.022324],[-83.818202,46.002425],[-83.794055,45.995801],[-83.765277,46.018363],[-83.773785,46.051471],[-83.796555,46.056688],[-83.81252,46.073469],[-83.824036,46.103638],[-83.815826,46.108529],[-83.771821,46.090999],[-83.728165,46.090957],[-83.703861,46.103366],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.581315,46.089613],[-83.547202,46.047868],[-83.532913,46.011328],[-83.473946,45.988558],[-83.510623,45.929324],[-83.561838,45.912562],[-83.65766,45.945463],[-83.687695,45.935389],[-83.78611,45.933375],[-83.803332,45.943362],[-83.835505,45.941843],[-83.840869,45.952726],[-83.879616,45.966196],[-83.921257,45.958075],[-83.985141,45.967133],[-84.017565,45.959046],[-84.090391,45.967256],[-84.111174,45.978675],[-84.169368,45.966919],[-84.238174,45.967595],[-84.253993,45.956727],[-84.330346,45.956043],[-84.376429,45.931962],[-84.428239,45.958144],[-84.443086,45.977825],[-84.459956,45.970343],[-84.488536,45.98882],[-84.507201,45.991169],[-84.514071,45.971292],[-84.532392,45.969448],[-84.540995,46.019501],[-84.563891,46.032459],[-84.609063,46.026418],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.692735,46.027019],[-84.685254,45.973454],[-84.723039,45.967279],[-84.738849,45.945792],[-84.713614,45.920366],[-84.734002,45.907026],[-84.721277,45.873911],[-84.702122,45.853935],[-84.720609,45.848116],[-84.725734,45.837045],[-84.746985,45.835597],[-84.828996,45.871209],[-84.842147,45.898005],[-84.917288,45.930576],[-84.971232,45.984208],[-85.020951,46.012845],[-85.14516,46.050035],[-85.197523,46.044878],[-85.222416,46.060629],[-85.266385,46.065779],[-85.335466,46.092459],[-85.381263,46.082086],[-85.409463,46.100585],[-85.426916,46.101964],[-85.445835,46.086426],[-85.499422,46.09692],[-85.539479,46.080416],[-85.603785,46.030363],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-85.697203,45.960158],[-85.8092,45.979931],[-85.842404,45.965247],[-85.893196,45.967253],[-85.922737,45.948287],[-85.926017,45.932104],[-85.910264,45.922112],[-85.920581,45.920994],[-85.998868,45.950968],[-86.094753,45.966704],[-86.159415,45.953765],[-86.208255,45.962978],[-86.22906,45.94857],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.324232,45.90608],[-86.332625,45.851813],[-86.349134,45.83416],[-86.351658,45.798132],[-86.369918,45.789254],[-86.415971,45.793793],[-86.439661,45.760669],[-86.47905,45.757416],[-86.486028,45.746608],[-86.51457,45.752337],[-86.53328,45.710849],[-86.580936,45.71192],[-86.587528,45.666456],[-86.625132,45.663819],[-86.616893,45.606796],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.695275,45.648175],[-86.708038,45.649202],[-86.718191,45.67732],[-86.705184,45.690901],[-86.689102,45.687862],[-86.665677,45.702217],[-86.67148,45.72053],[-86.633138,45.747654],[-86.631018,45.782019],[-86.583391,45.778242],[-86.576858,45.801473],[-86.557215,45.808172],[-86.555186,45.831696],[-86.529208,45.853043],[-86.529573,45.874974],[-86.541464,45.890234],[-86.583304,45.898784],[-86.603293,45.876626],[-86.625736,45.868295],[-86.632478,45.843309],[-86.645998,45.833888],[-86.721113,45.845431],[-86.749638,45.867796],[-86.78208,45.860195],[-86.773279,45.811385],[-86.821523,45.770356],[-86.838658,45.741831],[-86.838746,45.722307],[-86.944158,45.695833],[-86.964275,45.672761],[-86.984588,45.705812],[-86.975224,45.75313],[-86.988438,45.810621],[-87.00508,45.831718],[-87.031435,45.837238],[-87.057439,45.812483],[-87.064302,45.758828],[-87.05555,45.751535],[-87.057444,45.736822],[-87.070442,45.718779],[-87.059953,45.708893],[-87.093365,45.701473],[-87.172241,45.661788],[-87.196852,45.636275],[-87.333407,45.446056],[-87.327749,45.425307],[-87.3925,45.369028],[-87.431684,45.316383],[-87.438908,45.293405],[-87.600796,45.146842],[-87.612019,45.123377],[-87.601086,45.104092],[-87.581969,45.097206],[-87.590208,45.095264],[-87.657135,45.107568],[-87.683902,45.144135],[-87.735135,45.171538],[-87.741805,45.197051],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.698248,45.281512],[-87.648126,45.339396],[-87.656624,45.367295],[-87.690281,45.389822],[-87.754104,45.349442],[-87.823028,45.35265],[-87.848368,45.340676],[-87.871204,45.360056],[-87.886949,45.35311],[-87.850969,45.401925],[-87.860432,45.423504],[-87.855298,45.441379],[-87.812976,45.464159],[-87.793447,45.498372],[-87.803364,45.537016],[-87.832296,45.558767],[-87.831689,45.568035],[-87.790874,45.564096],[-87.777671,45.609204],[-87.824676,45.653211],[-87.780808,45.680349],[-87.809075,45.699717],[-87.810144,45.71023],[-87.85548,45.726943],[-87.875813,45.753888],[-87.963452,45.75822],[-87.986429,45.769596],[-87.982617,45.782944],[-87.995876,45.795435],[-88.072091,45.780261],[-88.129461,45.809288],[-88.13611,45.819029],[-88.073134,45.871952],[-88.101814,45.883504],[-88.105677,45.904387],[-88.095354,45.913895],[-88.116846,45.921703]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Michigan\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"518","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7bfe4b0d27deb38703c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uzarski, D.G.","contributorId":28404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uzarski","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stricker, C. A.","contributorId":56758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, T.M.","contributorId":86516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, D. K.","contributorId":172908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steinman, A.D.","contributorId":65433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinman","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":69777,"text":"sim2829 - 2004 - Precambrian basement geologic map of Montana– An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T17:14:06.692122","indexId":"sim2829","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2829","title":"Precambrian basement geologic map of Montana– An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"Newly compiled aeromagnetic anomaly data of Montana, in conjunction with the known geologic framework of basement rocks, have been combined to produce a new interpretive geologic basement map of Montana.  Crystalline basement rocks compose the basement, but are exposed only in the cores of mountain ranges in southwestern Montana.  Principal features deduced from the map are:  (1) A prominent northeast-trending, 200-km-wide zone of spaced negative anomalies, which extends more than 700 km from southwestern Montana's Beaverhead Mountains to the Canadian border and reflects suturing of the Archean Mexican Hat Block against the Archean Wyoming Province along the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Montana Orogen (new name) at about 1.9-1.8 Ga; (2) North-northwest-trending magnetic lows in northeastern Montana, which reflect the 1.9-1.8 Ga Trans-Hudson Orogen and truncate the older Trans-Montana Zone; and (3) Subtle northwest- and west-trending negative anomalies in central and western Montana, which represent the northernmost segment of brittle-ductile transcurrent faults of the newly recognized Mesoproterozoic Trans-Rocky Mountain fault system.  Structures developed in the Proterozoic provided zones of crustal weakness reactivated during younger Proterozoic and Phanerozoic igneous and tectonic activity.  For example, the Trans-Montana Zone guided basement involved thrust faulting in southwestern Montana during the Sevier Orogeny.  The Boulder Batholith and associated ore deposits and the linear belt of alkaline intrusions to the northeast were localized along a zone of weakness between the Missouri River suture and the Dillon shear zone of the Trans-Montana Orogen.  The northwest-trending faults of Trans-Rocky Mountain system outline depocenters for sedimentary rocks in the Belt Basin.  This fault system provided zones of weakness that guided Laramide uplifts during basement crustal shortening.  Northwest-trending zones have been locally reactivated during Neogene basin-range extension.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2829","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., O’Neill, J., Bankey, V., and Anderson, E., 2004, Precambrian basement geologic map of Montana– An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2829, Report: 14 p; 1 Plate: 57.00 × 38.50 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2829.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p; 1 Plate: 57.00 × 38.50 inches; Metadata","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110483,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_63803.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"63803"},{"id":6409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2829/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.038405,45.000345],[-105.848065,45.000396],[-105.913382,45.000941],[-105.914258,44.999986],[-105.928184,44.993647],[-106.263586,44.993788],[-107.050801,44.996424],[-107.074996,44.997004],[-107.084939,44.996599],[-107.105685,44.998734],[-107.125633,44.999388],[-107.13418,45.000109],[-107.351441,45.001407],[-107.49205,45.00148],[-107.608854,45.00086],[-107.750654,45.000778],[-107.997353,45.001565],[-108.000663,45.001223],[-108.14939,45.001062],[-108.218479,45.000541],[-108.238139,45.000206],[-108.249345,44.999458],[-108.271201,45.000251],[-108.500679,44.999691],[-108.565921,45.000578],[-109.08301,44.99961],[-109.103445,45.005904],[-109.375713,45.00461],[-109.386432,45.004887],[-109.574321,45.002631],[-109.663673,45.002536],[-109.75073,45.001605],[-109.875735,45.003275],[-109.99505,45.003174],[-110.026347,45.003665],[-110.110103,45.003905],[-110.199503,44.996188],[-110.28677,44.99685],[-110.324441,44.999156],[-110.342131,44.999053],[-110.362698,45.000593],[-110.402927,44.99381],[-110.48807,44.992361],[-110.552433,44.992237],[-110.705272,44.992324],[-110.750767,44.997948],[-110.761554,44.999934],[-110.785008,45.002952],[-111.055199,45.001321],[-111.056207,44.935901],[-111.055629,44.933578],[-111.056888,44.866658],[-111.056416,44.749928],[-111.055511,44.725343],[-111.055208,44.624927],[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.062729,44.476073],[-111.122654,44.493659],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.139455,44.517112],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.15959,44.546376],[-111.166892,44.54722],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.182551,44.566874],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.201459,44.575696],[-111.225208,44.581006],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.231227,44.606915],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.262839,44.649658],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.341351,44.7293],[-111.348184,44.725459],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.366723,44.738361],[-111.36627,44.742234],[-111.37476,44.750295],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.393854,44.752549],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.394459,44.744578],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.424214,44.714024],[-111.429604,44.720149],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.486019,44.707654],[-111.489339,44.704946],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.484898,44.687578],[-111.47798,44.682393],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.50494,44.635746],[-111.521688,44.613371],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.524213,44.595585],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.492024,44.56081],[-111.469185,44.552044],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.471682,44.540824],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.518095,44.544177],[-111.524006,44.548385],[-111.546637,44.557099],[-111.556577,44.554495],[-111.562814,44.555209],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.591768,44.561502],[-111.601249,44.55421],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.681571,44.559864],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.709553,44.550206],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.737191,44.54306],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.758966,44.533766],[-111.761904,44.529841],[-111.806512,44.516264],[-111.807914,44.511716],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.842542,44.526069],[-111.849293,44.539837],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.887852,44.563413],[-111.903566,44.55723],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.951522,44.550062],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-111.995231,44.535444],[-112.01385,44.542348],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-112.035025,44.542691],[-112.034133,44.537716],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.053434,44.535089],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.093304,44.530002],[-112.096299,44.523212],[-112.101564,44.520847],[-112.106755,44.520829],[-112.125101,44.528527],[-112.129078,44.5363],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.179703,44.533021],[-112.183937,44.533067],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.229477,44.549494],[-112.226841,44.555239],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.258665,44.569516],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.307642,44.557651],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.315047,44.550049],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.319198,44.53911],[-112.348794,44.538691],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.358917,44.528847],[-112.3566,44.493127],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.368764,44.467153],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.435342,44.462216],[-112.460347,44.47571],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.511713,44.466445],[-112.512036,44.47042],[-112.518871,44.475784],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.550557,44.484928],[-112.573513,44.480983],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.664485,44.48645],[-112.671169,44.491265],[-112.707815,44.503023],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.735084,44.499159],[-112.749011,44.491233],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.797863,44.466112],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.821896,44.407436],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.820489,44.370946],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.915602,44.402699],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-112.981682,44.434279],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.018636,44.520064],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.032722,44.537137],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.061071,44.577329],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.07376,44.613928],[-113.065593,44.617391],[-113.05677,44.618657],[-113.053529,44.621187],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.051504,44.63695],[-113.065589,44.649371],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.07042,44.667844],[-113.067756,44.672807],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.081906,44.691392],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.101154,44.708578],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.116874,44.738104],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.137704,44.760109],[-113.131387,44.764738],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.140618,44.776698],[-113.158206,44.780847],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.179366,44.787142],[-113.183395,44.793565],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.209624,44.80907],[-113.238729,44.814144],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.278382,44.812706],[-113.29683,44.803358],[-113.301508,44.798985],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.354763,44.795468],[-113.346692,44.798898],[-113.3461,44.800611],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.383984,44.8374],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.474573,44.910846],[-113.491121,44.927548],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.494446,44.948597],[-113.480836,44.95031],[-113.474781,44.948795],[-113.467467,44.948061],[-113.448958,44.953544],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.444862,44.976141],[-113.447013,44.984637],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.449909,45.035167],[-113.44912,45.046098],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.460578,45.064879],[-113.465073,45.062755],[-113.47377,45.0617],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.510819,45.099902],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.538037,45.11503],[-113.546488,45.112285],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.594632,45.166034],[-113.589891,45.176986],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.647399,45.228282],[-113.650064,45.23471],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.665633,45.246265],[-113.674409,45.249411],[-113.678749,45.24927],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.692039,45.265191],[-113.691557,45.270912],[-113.688077,45.276407],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.735601,45.325265],[-113.738729,45.329741],[-113.7402,45.34559],[-113.73553,45.364738],[-113.73239,45.385058],[-113.733092,45.390173],[-113.734402,45.392353],[-113.750546,45.40272],[-113.760924,45.406501],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.768058,45.418147],[-113.763368,45.427732],[-113.764591,45.431403],[-113.783272,45.451839],[-113.78416,45.454946],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.778361,45.523415],[-113.796579,45.523462],[-113.802849,45.523159],[-113.809144,45.519908],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.804796,45.580358],[-113.803261,45.584193],[-113.802955,45.592631],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.823068,45.612486],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.902539,45.636945],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.900588,45.648259],[-113.903582,45.651165],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.930403,45.671878],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.971565,45.700636],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-114.019315,45.692937],[-114.020533,45.681223],[-114.02007,45.670332],[-114.013786,45.658238],[-114.014973,45.654008],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.08179,45.611329],[-114.083149,45.603996],[-114.0821,45.596958],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.100308,45.586354],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.131469,45.574444],[-114.132359,45.572531],[-114.128601,45.568996],[-114.129099,45.565491],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.154837,45.552916],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.18647,45.545539],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.203665,45.53557],[-114.227942,45.546423],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.251836,45.537812],[-114.248183,45.533226],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.261616,45.495816],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.279217,45.480616],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.345019,45.459916],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.36852,45.492716],[-114.388618,45.502903],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.438991,45.536076],[-114.450863,45.54253],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.473759,45.563278],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.506341,45.559216],[-114.517761,45.568129],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.553999,45.591279],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.544905,45.616673],[-114.553937,45.619299],[-114.563305,45.631612],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.561046,45.639906],[-114.53577,45.650613],[-114.529678,45.65232],[-114.522142,45.64934],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.499637,45.669035],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.497553,45.710677],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.562509,45.779927],[-114.555487,45.786249],[-114.544692,45.791447],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.51704,45.833148],[-114.517143,45.835993],[-114.514596,45.840785],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.498809,45.850676],[-114.470296,45.851343],[-114.455532,45.855012],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.422963,45.855381],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.387166,45.889164],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.404314,45.903497],[-114.413168,45.911479],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.431328,45.938023],[-114.427717,45.939625],[-114.423681,45.9441],[-114.415977,45.947891],[-114.411933,45.952358],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.402261,45.961489],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.409353,45.97141],[-114.411892,45.977883],[-114.419899,45.981106],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.47729,46.000802],[-114.477922,46.009025],[-114.473811,46.016614],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.485793,46.030022],[-114.490572,46.032427],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.494683,46.042546],[-114.492153,46.04729],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.461864,46.078571],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.488303,46.113106],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.489254,46.167684],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.472643,46.162202],[-114.457549,46.170231],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.443215,46.202943],[-114.445497,46.220227],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.451912,46.241253],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.465024,46.273127],[-114.453257,46.270939],[-114.441326,46.2738],[-114.43544,46.27661],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.425587,46.287899],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.431708,46.310744],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.411592,46.366688],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.408974,46.400438],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.379338,46.460166],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.394447,46.469549],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.400257,46.502143],[-114.395204,46.503148],[-114.385871,46.50437],[-114.375348,46.501855],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.351655,46.508119],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.349208,46.529514],[-114.348733,46.533792],[-114.34534,46.548444],[-114.339533,46.564039],[-114.33175,46.571914],[-114.331338,46.577781],[-114.333931,46.582732],[-114.334992,46.588154],[-114.333931,46.592162],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.322912,46.642938],[-114.320665,46.646963],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.332887,46.660756],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.394514,46.664846],[-114.403383,46.659633],[-114.410907,46.657466],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.45425,46.640974],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.486218,46.632829],[-114.498007,46.637655],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.561582,46.642043],[-114.583385,46.633227],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.616354,46.643646],[-114.611676,46.647704],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.621483,46.658143],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.641745,46.679286],[-114.631898,46.68397],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.626695,46.712889],[-114.632954,46.715495],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.699008,46.740223],[-114.710425,46.717704],[-114.713516,46.715138],[-114.727445,46.714604],[-114.740115,46.711771],[-114.747758,46.702649],[-114.749257,46.699688],[-114.751921,46.697207],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.787065,46.711255],[-114.788656,46.714033],[-114.779668,46.730411],[-114.773765,46.731805],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.765127,46.745383],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.808587,46.78235],[-114.818161,46.781139],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.835917,46.791111],[-114.844794,46.794305],[-114.856874,46.801633],[-114.860067,46.804988],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.864342,46.813858],[-114.880588,46.811791],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.897857,46.813184],[-114.904505,46.822851],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.927837,46.83599],[-114.92845,46.843242],[-114.92349,46.847594],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.940398,46.85605],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.943281,46.867971],[-114.938713,46.869021],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.931058,46.882108],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.935035,46.901749],[-114.927948,46.909948],[-114.927432,46.914185],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-114.986539,46.952099],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-115.001274,46.971901],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.028994,46.973159],[-115.031651,46.971548],[-115.047857,46.969533],[-115.049538,46.970774],[-115.057098,46.986758],[-115.066223,46.996375],[-115.071254,47.022083],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.098136,47.048897],[-115.102681,47.047239],[-115.107132,47.049041],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.136671,47.078276],[-115.139515,47.08456],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.172938,47.112881],[-115.189451,47.131032],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.223246,47.148974],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.255146,47.162876],[-115.255786,47.174725],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.286353,47.18327],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.300805,47.19393],[-115.295986,47.205658],[-115.29211,47.209861],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.298794,47.225245],[-115.307239,47.229892],[-115.311875,47.229673],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.324832,47.244841],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.339201,47.261623],[-115.3593,47.259461],[-115.36628,47.261485],[-115.371825,47.265213],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.421645,47.271736],[-115.423173,47.276222],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.443566,47.277309],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.470959,47.284873],[-115.487314,47.286518],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.526751,47.303219],[-115.531971,47.314121],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.556318,47.353076],[-115.564766,47.353476],[-115.570887,47.356375],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.609492,47.380799],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.644341,47.381826],[-115.648479,47.390293],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.69057,47.415059],[-115.71034,47.417784],[-115.718934,47.420967],[-115.72148,47.424469],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.731348,47.433381],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.69293,47.457237],[-115.671188,47.45439],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.654318,47.468077],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.655272,47.477944],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.694106,47.498634],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.717024,47.532693],[-115.741371,47.538645],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.748536,47.549245],[-115.746945,47.555293],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.721207,47.576323],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.708537,47.635356],[-115.715193,47.63634],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.726613,47.672093],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.730764,47.704426],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.758623,47.719041],[-115.763424,47.717313],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.776219,47.719818],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.803917,47.75848],[-115.824597,47.752154],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.835365,47.760957],[-115.835069,47.77006],[-115.837438,47.774846],[-115.84044,47.780172],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.848509,47.809331],[-115.845474,47.814967],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.870861,47.834939],[-115.875262,47.843272],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.900934,47.843064],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.919291,47.857406],[-115.939993,47.883153],[-115.959946,47.898142],[-115.965153,47.910131],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.982791,47.915994],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-115.995121,47.933827],[-115.998236,47.938779],[-116.007246,47.950087],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-116.03834,47.971318],[-116.04882,47.97716],[-116.049153,47.999923],[-116.048739,48.060093],[-116.04932,48.066644],[-116.049415,48.07722],[-116.048911,48.12493],[-116.049977,48.237604],[-116.049353,48.249936],[-116.049735,48.274668],[-116.048948,48.309847],[-116.050003,48.413492],[-116.049155,48.481247],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-116.00103,49.00127],[-115.990685,49.000909],[-115.501016,49.000694],[-115.207912,48.999228],[-114.375977,49.00139],[-114.250971,49.000905],[-114.224912,48.999687],[-114.201107,48.999249],[-114.180211,48.999703],[-114.059188,48.998856],[-113.907487,48.998858],[-113.864127,48.998276],[-113.692982,48.997632],[-113.576118,48.998478],[-113.375925,48.998562],[-113.356874,48.998224],[-113.19474,48.998909],[-113.116356,48.998462],[-112.143769,48.998917],[-112.003866,48.99857],[-112.000878,48.998921],[-111.761679,48.997614],[-111.500812,48.996963],[-111.003916,48.997537],[-110.592465,48.999012],[-110.531615,48.99839],[-110.438151,48.999188],[-109.500737,49.00044],[-109.454023,49.001132],[-109.437397,49.000631],[-109.384068,49.000374],[-109.285975,49.000479],[-109.250722,49.000011],[-109.000708,48.999234],[-107.704696,48.999872],[-107.441017,48.999363],[-107.363582,49.000019],[-106.050543,48.999207],[-105.612577,48.999703],[-104.875527,48.998991],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.0489,48.847387],[-104.047582,48.633984],[-104.048212,48.599055],[-104.047876,48.530798],[-104.047513,48.525913],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.047555,48.49414],[-104.046969,48.390675],[-104.046371,48.374154],[-104.046039,48.256761],[-104.045645,48.246179],[-104.044162,47.992836],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.043242,47.747106],[-104.043742,47.625016],[-104.044241,47.612288],[-104.043912,47.603229],[-104.044109,47.523595],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.045057,47.266868],[-104.045517,47.215666],[-104.044788,47.12743],[-104.045018,47.081202],[-104.045354,47.078574],[-104.045052,47.040863],[-104.045901,46.83079],[-104.045045,46.509788],[-104.046103,46.383916],[-104.045481,46.366871],[-104.045237,46.125002],[-104.045759,46.123946],[-104.046822,46.000199],[-104.04403,45.881975],[-104.042597,45.749998],[-104.041937,45.557915],[-104.041145,45.503367],[-104.041764,45.490789],[-104.040816,45.462708],[-104.040114,45.374214],[-104.039977,45.124988],[-104.039563,45.124039],[-104.040128,44.999987],[-104.039681,44.998041],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.250145,44.99822],[-104.665171,44.998618],[-104.72637,44.999518],[-104.759855,44.999066],[-105.038405,45.000345]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montana\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, J.M.","contributorId":85562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, E.","contributorId":100078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53752,"text":"sir20045013 - 2004 - Characterization of Ground-Water Quality, Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"sir20045013","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5013","title":"Characterization of Ground-Water Quality, Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"Nearly all rural inhabitants and livestock in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District (URNRD) in southwestern Nebraska use ground water that can be affected by elevated nitrate concentrations. The development of ground-water irrigation in this area has increased the vulnerability of ground water to the introduction of fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals. In 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, began a study to characterize the quality of ground water in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District area with respect to physical properties and concentrations of major ions, coliform bacteria, nitrate, and pesticides, and to assess the presence of nitrogen concentrations in the unsaturated zone. At selected well sites, the ground-water characterization also included tritium and nitrogen-isotope analyses to provide information about the approximate age of the ground water and potential sources of nitrogen detected in ground-water samples, respectively.\r\n\r\nIn 1998, ground-water samples were collected from 101 randomly selected domestic-well sites. Of the 101 samples collected, 26 tested positive for total coliform bacteria, exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of zero colonies. In 1999, ground-water samples were collected from 31 of the 101 well sites, and 16 tested positive for coliform bacteria.\r\n\r\nNitrates were detected in ground water from all domestic-well samples and from all but four of the irrigation-well samples collected from 1998 to 2001. Eight percent of the domestic-well samples and 3 percent of the irrigation-well samples had nitrate concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's MCL for drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter. Areas with nitrate concentrations exceeding 6 milligrams per liter, the URNRD's ground-water management-plan action level, were found predominantly in north-central Chase, western and south-central Dundy, and south-central Perkins Counties. Generally, these concentrations were detected in samples from wells located in upland areas with permeable soils and a high percentage of cropland.\r\n\r\nIn 1999, 31 of the ground-water samples collected from irrigation wells were analyzed for pesticides, and 14 samples (45 percent) had detectable concentrations of at least one pesticide compound. In 2000, all of the 23 irrigation-well samples analyzed had one or more pesticides present at detectable concentrations. In 2001, 12 of 26 domestic-well samples (46 percent) had detectable concentrations. Although the analytical method used during the study was changed to increase the number of pesticides included in the analyses, the pesticides detected in the ground-water samples from domestic and irrigation wells were limited to the commonly used herbicide compounds acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, propachlor, propazine, trifluralin, and the atrazine degradation product deethylatrazine. Of the compounds detected, only atrazine (3.0 micrograms per liter) and alachlor (2.0 micrograms per liter) have MCLs established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. None of the ground-water samples from the URNRD study area had concentrations that exceeded either MCL.\r\n\r\nTritium age-dating analyses indicate water from about one-third of the sites entered the ground-water system prior to 1952. Because the increase in agricultural practices occurred during the 1950s and 1960s, it can be assumed that this water was not influenced by agricultural practices. Nitrogen-isotope speciation analyses for samples from three irrigation wells indicated that the source of nitrates in the ground water probably is synthetic fertilizer; however, the source at most irrigation wells probably is either naturally occurring or a mixture of water from various anthropogenic sources (such as synthetic fertilizer and animal waste).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045013","usgsCitation":"Frankforter, J.D., and Chafin, D.T., 2004, Characterization of Ground-Water Quality, Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5013, 24 p. + 7 tables, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045013.","productDescription":"24 p. + 7 tables, 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5153,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankforter, Jill D. 0000-0003-0371-2313 jdfrankf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-2313","contributorId":1739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankforter","given":"Jill","email":"jdfrankf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chafin, Daniele T.","contributorId":25634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafin","given":"Daniele","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69775,"text":"sim2822 - 2004 - Surficial geologic map of the southeast Memphis Quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:24","indexId":"sim2822","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2822","title":"Surficial geologic map of the southeast Memphis Quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"      The depiction of geology on this map is designed to aid in urban planning and analysis of potential damage in the event of strong earthquake motion.  The geologic map by itself does not analyze potential earthquake damage, but is designed to be used by seismologists who perform such analyses.  Wind-deposited silt and clayey silt (loess) is the predominant surficial deposit.  Loess entirely covers the upland (everyplace in the map area that is not a valley occupied by a stream) to depths of 4.5-16 m.  The second most abundant deposit is silty alluvium, which is confined to the narrow floodplains and is 1-10 m thick.  Sparse, unconsolidated, pebbly sand alluvium is 0.5-3 m thick and is confined to point bars and channel deposits in the narrow, incised channel of Nonconnah Creek.  The nature of geologic materials to a degree determines the severity of damage to infrastructure sustained during a strong earthquake.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2822","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., and Diehl, S.F., 2004, Surficial geologic map of the southeast Memphis Quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee (Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2822, one sheet, 34 inches x 30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2822.","productDescription":"one sheet, 34 inches x 30 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110484,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_63838.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"63838"},{"id":188185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6407,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2822","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,35 ], [ -90,35.1175 ], [ -89.86749999999999,35.1175 ], [ -89.86749999999999,35 ], [ -90,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688bc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, Sharon F. diehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":1089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Sharon","email":"diehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":55688,"text":"ofr20041040B - 2004 - Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Taos Plateau-San Luis Valley region, New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:13:45.894255","indexId":"ofr20041040B","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1040","chapter":"B","title":"Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Taos Plateau-San Luis Valley region, New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041040B","isbn":"0607969474","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, D.A., 2004, Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Taos Plateau-San Luis Valley region, New Mexico and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1040, 1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041040B.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1040-b/ofr20041040B.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":181470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley, Taos Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6602fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":254008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53397,"text":"sir20045012 - 2004 - Estimation of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in New England Streams Using Spatially Referenced Regression Models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"sir20045012","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5012","title":"Estimation of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in New England Streams Using Spatially Referenced Regression Models","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEIWPCC), has developed a water-quality model, called SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes), to assist in regional total maximum daily load (TMDL) and nutrient-criteria activities in New England. SPARROW is a spatially detailed, statistical model that uses regression equations to relate total nitrogen and phosphorus (nutrient) stream loads to nutrient sources and watershed characteristics. The statistical relations in these equations are then used to predict nutrient loads in unmonitored streams.\r\n\r\nThe New England SPARROW models are built using a hydrologic network of 42,000 stream reaches and associated watersheds. Watershed boundaries are defined for each stream reach in the network through the use of a digital elevation model and existing digitized watershed divides. Nutrient source data is from permitted wastewater discharge data from USEPA's Permit Compliance System (PCS), various land-use sources, and atmospheric deposition. Physical watershed characteristics include drainage area, land use, streamflow, time-of-travel, stream density, percent wetlands, slope of the land surface, and soil permeability. \r\n\r\nThe New England SPARROW models for total nitrogen and total phosphorus have R-squared values of 0.95 and 0.94, with mean square errors of 0.16 and 0.23, respectively. Variables that were statistically significant in the total nitrogen model include permitted municipal-wastewater discharges, atmospheric deposition, agricultural area, and developed land area. Total nitrogen stream-loss rates were significant only in streams with average annual flows less than or equal to 2.83 cubic meters per second. In streams larger than this, there is nondetectable in-stream loss of annual total nitrogen in New England. Variables that were statistically significant in the total phosphorus model include discharges for municipal wastewater-treatment facilities and pulp and paper facilities, developed land area, agricultural area, and forested area. For total phosphorus, loss rates were significant for reservoirs with surface areas of 10 square kilometers or less, and in streams with flows less than or equal to 2.83 cubic meters per second.\r\n\r\nApplications of SPARROW for evaluating nutrient loading in New England waters include estimates of the spatial distributions of total nitrogen and phosphorus yields, sources of the nutrients, and the potential for delivery of those yields to receiving waters. This information can be used to (1) predict ranges in nutrient levels in surface waters, (2) identify the environmental variables that are statistically significant predictors of nutrient levels in streams, (3) evaluate monitoring efforts for better determination of nutrient loads, and (4) evaluate management options for reducing nutrient loads to achieve water-quality goals.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045012","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., Johnston, C.M., Robinson, K.W., and Deacon, J.R., 2004, Estimation of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in New England Streams Using Spatially Referenced Regression Models: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5012, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045012.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Richard Bridge","contributorId":90712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Bridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Craig M. cmjohnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":1814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Craig","email":"cmjohnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Keith W. kwrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","email":"kwrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deacon, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-5793-6940 jrdeacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-6940","contributorId":2786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrdeacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176662,"text":"70176662 - 2004 - Complex trophic interactions in kelp forest ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:25:08","indexId":"70176662","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex trophic interactions in kelp forest ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The distributions and abundances of species and populations change almost continuously. Understanding the processes responsible is perhaps ecology’s most fundamental challenge. Kelp-forest ecosystems in southwest Alaska have undergone several phase shifts between alga- and herbivore-dominated states in recent decades. Overhunting and recovery of sea otters caused the earlier shifts. Studies focusing on these changes demonstrate the importance of top-down forcing processes, a variety of indirect food-web interactions associated with the otter-urchin-kelp trophic cascade, and the role of food-chain length in the coevolution of defense and resistance in plants and their herbivores. This system unexpectedly shifted back to an herbivore-dominated state during the 1990s, because of a sea-otter population collapse that apparently was driven by increased predation by killer whales. Reasons for this change remain uncertain but seem to be linked to the whole-sale collapse of marine mammals in the North Pacific Ocean and southern Bering Sea. We hypothesize that killer whales sequentially \"fished down\" pinniped and sea-otter populations after their earlier prey, the great whales, were decimated by commercial whaling. The dynamics of kelp forests in southwest Alaska thus appears to have been influenced by an ecological chain reaction that encompassed numerous species and large scales of space and time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Miami - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Danner, E., Doak, D., Konar, B., Springer, A., Steinberg, P., Tinker, M.T., and Williams, T.M., 2004, Complex trophic interactions in kelp forest ecosystems: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 74, no. 3, p. 621-638.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"638","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/2004/00000074/00000003/art00010"}],"volume":"74","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danner, E.M.","contributorId":81677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danner","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Konar, B.","contributorId":93658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konar","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Springer, A.M.","contributorId":89298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steinberg, P.D.","contributorId":89086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinberg","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, T. M.","contributorId":76689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":69765,"text":"i2796 - 2004 - Topographic Map of the Northeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/257E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:51","indexId":"i2796","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2796","title":"Topographic Map of the Northeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/257E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 meters. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2796","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Topographic Map of the Northeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/257E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2796, map, 27 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2796.","productDescription":"map, 27 by 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2796/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":69720,"text":"mf2422 - 2004 - Geologic map of south-central Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-26T07:29:12","indexId":"mf2422","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2422","title":"Geologic map of south-central Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"      New 1:6,000-scale geologic mapping in a 20-square-kilometer area near the south end of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, which is the proposed site of an underground repository for the storage of high-level radioactive wastes, substantially supplements the stratigraphic and structural data obtained from earlier, 1:24,000-scale mapping.  Principal observations and interpretations resulting from the larger scale, more detailed nature of the recent investigation include:  (1) the thickness of the Miocene Tiva Canyon Tuff decreases from north to south within the map area, and the lithophysal zones within the formation have a greater lateral variability than in areas farther north; and (2) fault relations are far more complex than shown on previous maps, with both major (block-bounding) and minor (intrablock) faults showing much lateral variation in (a) the number of splays and (b) the amount, distribution, and width of anastomosing breccia and fracture zones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2422","usgsCitation":"Dickerson, R.P., and Drake, R.M., 2004, Geologic map of south-central Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2422, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2422.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110480,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_63678.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"63678"},{"id":6390,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2004/mf-2422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"6000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b11e4b07f02db6a23e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickerson, Robert P.","contributorId":6461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. II 0000-0002-1770-4667 rmdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-4667","contributorId":1353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Ronald","suffix":"II","email":"rmdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69766,"text":"i2797 - 2004 - Topographic Map of the Southeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/257E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:51","indexId":"i2797","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2797","title":"Topographic Map of the Southeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/257E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 meters. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2797","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Topographic Map of the Southeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/257E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2797, map, 28 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2797.","productDescription":"map, 28 by 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2797/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":69764,"text":"i2795 - 2004 - Topographic Map of the Northwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/252E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:51","indexId":"i2795","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2795","title":"Topographic Map of the Northwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/252E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 meters. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2795","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Topographic Map of the Northwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/252E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2795, map, 27 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2795.","productDescription":"map, 27 by 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6396,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2795/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53398,"text":"wri034295 - 2004 - Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:21:08","indexId":"wri034295","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4295","title":"Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"The lower Roanoke River corridor in North Carolina contains a floodplain of national significance. Data from a network of 1 streamflow-measurement site, 13 river-stage sites, 13 floodplain water-level sites located along 4 transects, and 5 in situ water-quality monitoring sites were used to characterize temporal and spatial variations of floodplain and river water levels during 1997-2000 and to describe dissolved-oxygen conditions in the lower Roanoke River for the period 1998-2001.\r\n\r\nMajor differences in the relation of floodplain inundation to flow occurred both among sites at a given transect and among transects. Several floodplain sites were inundated for the full range of flow conditions measured during the study. These included one site on the Big Swash transect (at about river kilometer 119); one site on the Broadneck Swamp transect (river kilometer 97), which was inundated 91 percent of the time during the study; one site on the Devils Gut transect (river kilometer 44), which was inundated throughout the study; and three sites on the Cow Swamp transect (near river kilometer 10).\r\n\r\nThe relation of floodplain inundation depth to Roanoke River flow was highly variable among sites. There was no relation between flow and inundation depth at one of the Big Swash sites or at any of the four Cow Swamp sites. At two of the Big Swash transect sites, there was some relation between inundation depth and 10-day mean flow for flows greater than 700 cubic meters per second. A relatively strong relation between inundation depth and 10-day mean flow occurred at two of the Broadneck Swamp sites and, to a lesser degree, at two of the Devils Gut transect sites.\r\n\r\nThere was much greater interannual variability in floodplain water levels, as represented by the difference between the maximum and minimum daily water level for a given calendar date during January-May and September-October than during the summer and late fall months. If data from this study are representative of long-term conditions, then this means that there is less uncertainty about what future floodplain water levels will be during June-August and November-December than during other months.\r\n\r\nRates of ground-water decline, primarily due to evapotranspiration, were fairly similar at all sites, ranging from about 3 to 4 centimeters per day. For a 10-day mean flow of 300 cubic meters per second, an evaporative loss of 2 centimeters per day is equal to about 56 cubic meters per second. Evapotranspiration rates are much lower during the fall and winter months, so losses of river flow to floodplain processes likely are much lower during those months.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water gradient at most sites was from the floodplain to the river, indicating a potential for ground-water movement into the river from the floodplain. At two of the Devils Gut sites, however, the water level often was higher in the river than in the floodplain when floodplain sites were not inundated. This indicates that there is a potential for river water to move as ground water from the river into the floodplain. It seems likely that this feature observed at the Devils Gut transect occurs elsewhere in the lower Roanoke River corridor.\r\n\r\nDissolved-oxygen concentrations typically decrease with increasing distance from Roanoke Rapids Dam. During the 1998-2001 study period, the median dissolved-oxygen concentration at Halifax (river kilometer 187), the upstream-most station, was 8.4 milligrams per liter, and the median concentration at the downstream-most station (NC-45, bottom sensor; river kilometer 2.6) was 6.6 milligrams per liter. Several synoptic measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentration down the river identified the presence of a dissolved-oxygen sag in the vicinity of Halifax, with some recovery of concentrations between Halifax and about Scotland Neck at river kilometer 156. Data from the synoptic measurements also indicated that the greatest rate of dissolved-oxygen change with distance along the riv","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034295","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., and Walters, D.A., 2004, Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4295, viii, 81 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034295.","productDescription":"viii, 81 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5177,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236],[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236],[-83.7103271484375,35.67068501330236],[-83.7103271484375,35.67068501330236],[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.39593505859375,35.833401703805094],[-77.12677001953125,35.69968630125204],[-76.82601928710938,35.71083783530009],[-76.651611328125,35.91685961322499],[-76.77383422851562,36.010228040656735],[-77.04437255859375,36.1312200154285],[-77.41653442382812,36.43896124085945],[-77.56484985351562,36.493077506552744],[-77.81890869140624,36.63867203824882],[-78.54400634765624,36.88401445049676],[-78.8543701171875,37.322120359451766],[-79.82940673828125,37.53586597792038],[-80.30731201171875,37.55328764595765],[-80.2935791015625,37.520618678869305],[-80.38421630859374,37.49229399862877],[-80.48309326171875,37.43343148473673],[-80.52154541015625,37.472678309670826],[-80.68084716796875,37.43343148473673],[-80.782470703125,37.37670527881838],[-80.826416015625,37.14499280340635],[-80.42816162109375,36.99816565700228],[-80.32516479492188,36.14896463588831],[-79.76898193359375,36.1312200154285],[-79.46273803710938,36.33393438759289],[-79.12490844726562,36.379279167407965],[-79.03358459472656,36.377620677623874],[-78.89076232910156,36.387571085823566],[-78.83308410644531,36.40359962073253],[-77.39593505859375,35.833401703805094]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c23c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Douglas A. dwalters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Douglas","email":"dwalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53956,"text":"wri034242 - 2004 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and distribution and sources of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:27:50.254958","indexId":"wri034242","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4242","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and distribution and sources of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The Floridan aquifer system is considered to be a valuable source for agricultural and municipal water supply in Martin and St. Lucie Counties, despite its brackish water. Increased withdrawals, however, could increase salinity and threaten the quality of withdrawn water. The Floridan aquifer system consists of limestone, dolomitic limestone, and dolomite and is divided into three hydrogeologic units: the Upper Floridan aquifer, a middle confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer. An informal geologic unit at the top of the Upper Floridan aquifer, referred to as the basal Hawthorn/Suwannee unit, is bound above by a marker unit in the Hawthorn Group and at its base by the Ocala Limestone; a map of this unit shows an area where substantial eastward thickening begins near the coast. This change in thickness is used to divide the study area into inland and coastal areas.</p><p>In the Upper Floridan aquifer, an area of elevated chloride concentration greater than 1,000 milligrams per liter and water temperature greater than 28 degrees Celsius exists in the inland area and trends northwest through north-central Martin County and western St. Lucie County. A structural feature coincides with this area of greater salinity and water temperature; this feature is marked by a previously mapped northwest-trending basement fault and, based on detailed mapping in this study of the structure at the top of the basal Hawthorn/Suwannee unit, an apparent southeast-trending trough. Higher hydraulic head also has been mapped in this northwest-trending area. Another area of high chloride concentration in the Upper Floridan aquifer occurs in the southern part of the coastal area (in eastern Martin County and northeastern Palm Beach County); chloride concentration in this area is more than 2,000 milligrams per liter and is as great as 8,000 milligrams per liter.</p><p>A dissolved-solids concentration of less than 10,000 milligrams per liter defines the brackish-water zone in the Floridan aquifer system; the top and base of this zone are present at the top of the aquifer system and within the Lower Floridan aquifer, respectively. The base of the brackish-water zone, which can approximate a brackish-water/saltwater interface, was determined in 13 wells, mostly using resistivity geophysical logs. The depth to the saltwater interface was calculated using the Ghyben-Herzberg approximation and estimated predevelopment hydraulic heads in the Upper Floridan aquifer. In five of six inland area wells, the depth to the base of the brackish-water zone was substantially shallower than the estimated predevelopment interface (260 feet or greater), whereas in five of seven coastal area wells, the difference was not large (less than about 140 feet). Confining units in the inland area, such as dense dolomite, may prevent an interface from forming at its equilibrium position. Because of head decline, the calculated interface using recent (May 2001) water levels is as much as 640 ft above the base of the brackish water zone (in the northern part of the coastal area).</p><p>Isotopic data collected during this study, including deuterium and oxygen-18 (18O/16O), the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86, and carbon-13 (13C/12C) and carbon-14, provide evidence for differences in the Floridan aquifer system ground-water geochemistry and its evolution between inland and coastal areas. Ground water from the inland area tends to be older than water from the coastal area, particularly where inland area water temperature is elevated. Isotopic data together with an anomalous vertical distribution of salinity in the coastal area indicate that the coastal area was invaded with seawater in relatively recent geologic time, and this water has not been completely flushed out by the modern-day flow system.</p><p>Upward leakage from the Lower to Upper Floridan aquifer of high salinity water occurs through structural deformities, such as faults or fracture zones or associated dissolution features in the inland area. An upward trend in salinity is indicated in 16 monitoring wells in the inland area, and agricultural withdrawals are probably causing these increases. Most of these wells are located in areas of elevated Upper Floridan aquifer ground-water temperature. Areas of higher water temperature could represent areas of greater potential for increases in salinity. More detailed mapping of the structure of the uppermost geologic units in the aquifer system could better define areas of deformation. Additionally, high potential exists in much of the study area for upward or lateral movement of the saltwater interface because of large declines in hydraulic head since predevelopment. The northern part of the coastal area has the greatest potential for movement; however, upward movement of the interface in the coastal area could be retarded by low vertical permeability. The potential for upward or lateral movement of the interface in the southern part of the coastal area seems to be low, but structural deformation could be present in northeastern Palm Beach County, allowing for localized upward leakage of saltwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034242","usgsCitation":"Reese, R.S., 2004, Hydrogeology, water quality, and distribution and sources of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4242, vi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034242.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4869,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411815,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_65980.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Martin County, St. Lucia County","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.94612253012512,\n              27.70508757772393\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.94612253012512,\n              26.96735155553246\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.08150625819235,\n              26.96735155553246\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.08150625819235,\n              27.70508757772393\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.94612253012512,\n              27.70508757772393\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Ronald S. rsreese@usgs.gov","contributorId":1090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Ronald","email":"rsreese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47872,"text":"b2196 - 2004 - Analysis of MASTER thermal data in the Greeley area of the Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado — Delineation of sites for infrastructure resource characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T19:21:34.719169","indexId":"b2196","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2196","title":"Analysis of MASTER thermal data in the Greeley area of the Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado — Delineation of sites for infrastructure resource characterization","docAbstract":"Sand and soils southwest of Greeley, Colorado, were characterized\r\nfor mineral composition and industrial quality. Radi-ance data from the thermal channels of the MASTER simulator were calibrated using estimated atmospheric parameters. Chan-nel emissivities were approximated using an estimated ground temperature. Subsequently, a decorrelation algorithm was used to calculate inverse wave emissivity images. Six soil classes, one vegetation class, water, and several small classes were defined using an unsupervised classification algorithm. Ground covered by each of the derived emissivity spectral classes was studied using color-infrared air photos, color-infrared composite MAS-TER data, geologic maps, NASA/JPL Airborne Visible and Infra-red Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, and field examination.\r\nSpectral classes were characterized by their responses and related to their mineral content through field examination. Classes with a minimum at channel 44, and having a similar spectral shape to quartz, field checked as containing abundant quartz. Classes with a minimum at channel 45, and having a spectral shape similar to the sheet minerals, were found in the field to contain abundant mica and clay. Sandy soil was found to have a positive slope at the longer wavelengths; the more clay rich soils had a negative slope. Spectra with a strong downturn at channel 50 generally indicated low vegetation cover, whereas an upturn indicated more vegetation cover.\r\nMapping revealed a range of classified soils with varying amounts of quartz, silt, clay, and plant humus. Sand and gravel operations along the St. Vrain River, gravel lots, and some fields spectrally classified as quartz-rich sands were confirmed through field examination. Other fields mapped as sandy soils, ranging from quartz-rich sandy soil to quartz-rich silt-sand soil with clay. Flood plains mapped as sandy-silty-organic-rich clay.\r\nThe city of Greeley contained all classes of materials, with the sand classes mapping as various types of asphalt. Abundant quartz gravel was apparent within the asphalt during field check-ing. The clay classes mapped silt-clay soils in areas of irrigated grass landscaping, some fields, and roofing materials.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/b2196","usgsCitation":"Livo, K., and Watson, K., 2004, Analysis of MASTER thermal data in the Greeley area of the Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado — Delineation of sites for infrastructure resource characterization: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2196, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2196.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4063,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_65744.htm"},{"id":172136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Greeley","otherGeospatial":"Front Range Urban Corridor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.9667,\n              40.1792\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.6719,\n              40.1792\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.6719,\n              40.4250\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.9667,\n              40.4250\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.9667,\n              40.1792\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52fe1fcae4b02a2ea84aa9cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, Ken","contributorId":90317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53400,"text":"fs20043011 - 2004 - Monitoring Surface-Water Quality in the Tongue River Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"fs20043011","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3011","title":"Monitoring Surface-Water Quality in the Tongue River Watershed","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043011","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., 2004, Monitoring Surface-Water Quality in the Tongue River Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3011, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043011.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2004-3011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3011.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":69776,"text":"sim2823 - 2004 - Surficial geologic map of the southwest Memphis Quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee, and Crittenden County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:24","indexId":"sim2823","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2823","title":"Surficial geologic map of the southwest Memphis Quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee, and Crittenden County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"            This map is one of seven 1:24,000-scale (7.5-minute) quadrangle maps of the surficial geology of the Memphis, Tennessee, area--part of a series of urban hazard maps.  Wind-deposited silt and clayey silt (loess) is the predominant surficial deposit in this quadrangle.  The loess was deposited as dust during the last major continental glaciation of the region and it covers the upland to depths of 4.5-16 m.  River alluvium (unit Qal), which is chiefly a sandy and gravelly sand deposit about 30 m thick, underlies the Mississippi River floodplain.  This unit supports extensive artificial fill and infrastructure used for shipping storage and petroleum processing and storage.  Based on paleoliquefaction structures (sand boils) documented in Mississippi River alluvium elsewhere, this unit probably has the potential to liquefy during strong earthquake shaking.  No paleoliquefaction structures were observed within the Southwest Memphis quadrangle.  Another deposit in the quadrangle is silty alluvium of the Nonconnah Creek floodplain, and is 1-10 m thick.  Sparse, unconsolidated pebbly sand deposits are 0.5-3 m thick and make up point bars and channel deposits of Nonconnah Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2823","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., and Diehl, S.F., 2004, Surficial geologic map of the southwest Memphis Quadrangle, Shelby County, Tennessee, and Crittenden County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2823, 35 inches x 34 inches sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2823.","productDescription":"35 inches x 34 inches sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110485,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_63839.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"63839"},{"id":188186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6408,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2823/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.11749999999999,35 ], [ -90.11749999999999,35.1175 ], [ -90,35.1175 ], [ -90,35 ], [ -90.11749999999999,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, Sharon F. diehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":1089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Sharon","email":"diehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53807,"text":"wri034273 - 2004 - Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"wri034273","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4273","title":"Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida","docAbstract":"The Fernandina permeable zone contains brackish water in parts of Duval County, Florida. Upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone to the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer increases chloride concentrations in ground water in parts of Duval County. Numerical models of the ground-water flow system in parts of Duval, St. Johns, and Clay Counties, Florida, were used to (1) estimate the vertical flows between the low-quality water of the Fernandina permeable zone and the high-quality water of the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of Deerwood 3 and Brierwood well fields, based on 2000 ground-water withdrawal rates; (2) determine how such vertical flows change as several scenarios of injection, withdrawal, and intervening rest periods are simulated in the two well fields; and (3) evaluate the effects of changes in less certain hydraulic parameters on the vertical flows between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. The ground-water flow system was simulated with a four-layer model using MODFLOW-2000, which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The first layer consists of specified-head cells simulating the surficial aquifer system with prescribed water levels. The second layer simulates the Upper Floridan aquifer. The third and fourth layers simulate the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and the Fernandina permeable zone, respectively. Average flow conditions in 2000 were approximated with a steady-state simulation. The changes in upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone due to periods of injections and withdrawals were analyzed with transient simulations. The grid used for the ground-water flow model was uniform and composed of square 250-foot cells, with 400 columns and 400 rows. \r\n\r\nThe active model area encompasses about 360 square miles in parts of Duval, St. Johns, and Clay Counties, Florida. Ground-water flow simulation was limited vertically to the bottom of the Fernandina permeable zone. The steady-state ground-water flow model was calibrated using time-averaged 2000 heads at 20 control points. Environmental-water heads in the Fernandina permeable zone were calculated for wells with variable water density. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer, the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer, and the Fernandina permeable zone, and the leakance of the intermediate confining unit, the middle semiconfining unit, and the semiconfining unit were obtained from regional ground-water flow models and adjusted until a reasonable fit between simulated and computed heads was obtained. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated hydraulic properties from the steady-state ground-water flow model, and the calibrated storage coefficient from the transient model, were used to simulate hypothetical transient scenarios of injection, withdrawal, and intervening rest periods to assess changes in flow between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Based on the simulated flows between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and the 18 million gallons per day of water available for injection, the reversal of the prevailing upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone was not achieved. However, steady-state and transient simulations indicate that the upward flow of water from the Fernandina permeable zone could be reduced by as much as 64 percent, from 0.11 to 0.04 cubic foot per second, if only injection periods are simulated.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034273","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., and Spechler, R.M., 2004, Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4273, 59 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034273.","productDescription":"59 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5219,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri03_4273_sepulveda.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e422d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53542,"text":"wri034200 - 2004 - Occurrence and implications of methyl tert-butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons in ground water and source water in the United States and in drinking water in 12 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States, 1993-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:41","indexId":"wri034200","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4200","title":"Occurrence and implications of methyl tert-butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons in ground water and source water in the United States and in drinking water in 12 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States, 1993-2002","docAbstract":"The occurrence and implications of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and gasoline hydrocarbons were examined in three surveys of water quality conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey?one national-scale survey of ground water, one national-scale survey of source water from ground water, and one regional-scale survey of drinking water from ground water. The overall detection frequency of MTBE in all three surveys was similar to the detection frequencies of some other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have much longer production and use histories in the United States. The detection frequency of MTBE was higher in drinking water and lower in source water and ground water. However, when the data for ground water and source water were limited to the same geographic extent as drinking-water data, the detection frequencies of MTBE were comparable to the detection frequency of MTBE in drinking water. In all three surveys, the detection frequency of any gasoline hydrocarbon was less than the detection frequency of MTBE. No concentration of MTBE in source water exceeded the lower limit of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Drinking-Water Advisory of 20 ?g/L (micrograms per liter). One concentration of MTBE in ground water exceeded 20 ?g/L, and 0.9 percent of drinking-water samples exceeded 20 ?g/L.\r\n\r\nThe overall detection frequency of MTBE relative to other widely used VOCs indicates that MTBE is an important concern with respect to ground-water management. The probability of detecting MTBE was strongly associated with population density, use of MTBE in gasoline, and recharge, and weakly associated with density of leaking underground storage tanks, soil permeability, and aquifer consolidation. Only concentrations of MTBE above 0.5 ?g/L were associated with dissolved oxygen. Ground water underlying areas with high population density, ground water underlying areas where MTBE is used as a gasoline oxygenate, and ground water underlying areas with high recharge has a greater probability of MTBE contamination. Ground water from public-supply wells and shallow ground water underlying urban land-use areas has a greater probability of MTBE contamination compared to ground water from domestic wells and ground water underlying rural land-use areas.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034200","usgsCitation":"Moran, M.J., Zogorski, J.S., and Squillace, P.J., 2004, Occurrence and implications of methyl tert-butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons in ground water and source water in the United States and in drinking water in 12 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States, 1993-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4200, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034200.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2003_4200.jpg"},{"id":4745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a568d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Michael J. mjmoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":1047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Michael","email":"mjmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squillace, Paul J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53617,"text":"fs20043010 - 2004 - Using temperature to study stream-ground water exchanges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T19:49:51","indexId":"fs20043010","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3010","title":"Using temperature to study stream-ground water exchanges","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043010","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., 2004, Using temperature to study stream-ground water exchanges: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3010, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043010.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3010.bmp"},{"id":4900,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53622,"text":"fs11003 - 2004 - Sources of water to the Rio Grande upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T10:41:41","indexId":"fs11003","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"110-03","displayTitle":"Sources of Water to the Rio Grande Upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico","title":"Sources of water to the Rio Grande upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The Rio Grande watershed is a complex hydrologic system that includes numerous tributaries, inflow from transmountain diversions, irrigation diversions, agricultural return lows, reservoirs, and ground-water inflows and outflows. Many people depend on and are affected by the Rio Grande, which is the largest river of the surface-water system draining the Rio Grande watershed. To provide information to further the understanding of the Rio Grande surface-water system, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque, evaluated streamflow data computed by the U.S. Geological Survey at 60 streamflowgaging stations. This fact sheet examines the sources of water to the Rio Grande and the \"water balance\" of the Rio Grande surface-water system upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico, by comparing the mean annual discharge (streamflow) at different stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11003","usgsCitation":"Moore, S.J., Anderholm, S.K., Williams-Sether, T., and Stomp, J.M., 2004, Sources of water to the Rio Grande upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 110-03, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11003.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359780,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0110/fs11003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:%20dc_nm@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20dc_nm@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nm-water\">New Mexico Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6700 Edith Blvd NE<br>Albuquerque,&nbsp;NM&nbsp;87113</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Stephanie J.","contributorId":35290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":69912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara","contributorId":57846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stomp, John M.","contributorId":105367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stomp","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}