{"pageNumber":"2689","pageRowStart":"67200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":53752,"text":"sir20045013 - 2004 - Characterization of Ground-Water Quality, Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"sir20045013","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5013","title":"Characterization of Ground-Water Quality, Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"Nearly all rural inhabitants and livestock in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District (URNRD) in southwestern Nebraska use ground water that can be affected by elevated nitrate concentrations. The development of ground-water irrigation in this area has increased the vulnerability of ground water to the introduction of fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals. In 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, began a study to characterize the quality of ground water in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District area with respect to physical properties and concentrations of major ions, coliform bacteria, nitrate, and pesticides, and to assess the presence of nitrogen concentrations in the unsaturated zone. At selected well sites, the ground-water characterization also included tritium and nitrogen-isotope analyses to provide information about the approximate age of the ground water and potential sources of nitrogen detected in ground-water samples, respectively.\r\n\r\nIn 1998, ground-water samples were collected from 101 randomly selected domestic-well sites. Of the 101 samples collected, 26 tested positive for total coliform bacteria, exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of zero colonies. In 1999, ground-water samples were collected from 31 of the 101 well sites, and 16 tested positive for coliform bacteria.\r\n\r\nNitrates were detected in ground water from all domestic-well samples and from all but four of the irrigation-well samples collected from 1998 to 2001. Eight percent of the domestic-well samples and 3 percent of the irrigation-well samples had nitrate concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's MCL for drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter. Areas with nitrate concentrations exceeding 6 milligrams per liter, the URNRD's ground-water management-plan action level, were found predominantly in north-central Chase, western and south-central Dundy, and south-central Perkins Counties. Generally, these concentrations were detected in samples from wells located in upland areas with permeable soils and a high percentage of cropland.\r\n\r\nIn 1999, 31 of the ground-water samples collected from irrigation wells were analyzed for pesticides, and 14 samples (45 percent) had detectable concentrations of at least one pesticide compound. In 2000, all of the 23 irrigation-well samples analyzed had one or more pesticides present at detectable concentrations. In 2001, 12 of 26 domestic-well samples (46 percent) had detectable concentrations. Although the analytical method used during the study was changed to increase the number of pesticides included in the analyses, the pesticides detected in the ground-water samples from domestic and irrigation wells were limited to the commonly used herbicide compounds acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, propachlor, propazine, trifluralin, and the atrazine degradation product deethylatrazine. Of the compounds detected, only atrazine (3.0 micrograms per liter) and alachlor (2.0 micrograms per liter) have MCLs established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. None of the ground-water samples from the URNRD study area had concentrations that exceeded either MCL.\r\n\r\nTritium age-dating analyses indicate water from about one-third of the sites entered the ground-water system prior to 1952. Because the increase in agricultural practices occurred during the 1950s and 1960s, it can be assumed that this water was not influenced by agricultural practices. Nitrogen-isotope speciation analyses for samples from three irrigation wells indicated that the source of nitrates in the ground water probably is synthetic fertilizer; however, the source at most irrigation wells probably is either naturally occurring or a mixture of water from various anthropogenic sources (such as synthetic fertilizer and animal waste).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045013","usgsCitation":"Frankforter, J.D., and Chafin, D.T., 2004, Characterization of Ground-Water Quality, Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5013, 24 p. + 7 tables, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045013.","productDescription":"24 p. + 7 tables, 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5153,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankforter, Jill D. 0000-0003-0371-2313 jdfrankf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-2313","contributorId":1739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankforter","given":"Jill","email":"jdfrankf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chafin, Daniele T.","contributorId":25634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafin","given":"Daniele","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":55688,"text":"ofr20041040B - 2004 - Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Taos Plateau-San Luis Valley region, New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:13:45.894255","indexId":"ofr20041040B","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1040","chapter":"B","title":"Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Taos Plateau-San Luis Valley region, New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041040B","isbn":"0607969474","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, D.A., 2004, Processed Landsat 7 satellite imagery of the Taos Plateau-San Luis Valley region, New Mexico and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1040, 1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041040B.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1040-b/ofr20041040B.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":181470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley, Taos Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6602fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":254008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53820,"text":"sir20045007 - 2004 - Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics for Calf Creek near Silver Hill, Arkansas, and selected Buffalo River sites, 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:32:39.047369","indexId":"sir20045007","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5007","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics for Calf Creek near Silver Hill, Arkansas, and selected Buffalo River sites, 2001-2002","docAbstract":"The Buffalo River and its tributary, Calf Creek, are in the White River Basin in the Ozark Plateaus physiographic province in north-central Arkansas. A better understanding of the hydrology and water quality of Calf Creek is of interest to many, including the National Park Service, which administers the Buffalo National River, to evaluate its effect on the hydrology and water quality of the Buffalo River. \r\n\r\nThe streamflow and water-quality characteristics of Calf Creek near Silver Hill, Arkansas, were compared to two sites on the Buffalo River upstream (near Boxley, Arkansas) and downstream (near St. Joe, Arkansas) from the confluence of Calf Creek for calendar years 2001 and 2002. Annual and seasonal loads were estimated for Calf Creek for nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and suspended sediment and compared with loads at sites on the Buffalo River. \r\n\r\nFlow-weighted concentrations and yields were computed from estimated annual loads for comparison with other developed and undeveloped basins. Streamflow varied annually and seasonally at the three sites. The Buffalo River near St. Joe had the largest annual mean streamflow (805 to 1,360 cubic feet per second for 2001 and 2002) compared to the Buffalo River near Boxley (106 and 152 cubic feet per second for 2001 and 2002) and Calf Creek (39 and 80 cubic feet per second for 2001 and 2002). Concentrations of nutrients, suspended sediment, and fecal indicator bacteria generally were greater in samples from Calf Creek than in samples collected from both Buffalo River sites. Bacteria and suspended-sediment concentrations were greater in samples collected during high-flow events at all three sites. The Buffalo River near Boxley had the lowest concentrations for nutrients, suspended sediment, and fecal indicator bacteria. \r\n\r\nEstimated annual loads of the nutrients, suspended sediment, and organic carbon for 2001 and 2002 demonstrated substantial variability between the three sites and through time. Estimated loads for nutrients at the Buffalo River near St. Joe were 7 to 27 times the median loads estimated for Calf Creek and suspended sediment loads were as much as 120 times greater. Dissolved organic carbon loads were 16 to 20 times greater at the Buffalo River near St. Joe than for Calf Creek. The Buffalo River near Boxley had the smallest annual loads for all constituents except for suspended sediment, which were slightly greater than suspended sediment loads estimated for Calf Creek. Higher loads would be expected at the Buffalo River near St. Joe because of the larger basin area and larger volume of streamflow. Likewise, estimated loads for all three sites were greater during seasons that had greater streamflow than during seasons with more frequent periods of base-flow conditions. The highest daily loads occurred in the fall and winter of 2001 and the winter and spring of 2002.Flow-weighted concentrations generally were higher for Calf Creek than concentrations for the two sites on the Buffalo River and for typical flow-weighted concentrations found in undeveloped basins. However, the flow-weighted concentrations were lower than concentrations in a developed basin. \r\n\r\nAnnual yields calculated for Calf Creek were higher than the two sites on the Buffalo River and sites that are representative of undeveloped basins but lower than a site representative of a developed basin. The Buffalo River near Boxley had yields that were less than the yields typical of undeveloped basins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045007","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., and Green, W.R., 2004, Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics for Calf Creek near Silver Hill, Arkansas, and selected Buffalo River sites, 2001-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5007, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045007.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394056,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70951.htm"},{"id":5232,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Calf Creek, Silver Hill","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.4167,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6667,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6667,\n              35.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4167,\n              35.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4167,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6118e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54152,"text":"ofr20041206 - 2004 - Review of Results and Recommendations from the GCMRC 2000-2003 Remote-Sensing Initiative for Monitoring Environmental Resources Within the Colorado River Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:11","indexId":"ofr20041206","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1206","title":"Review of Results and Recommendations from the GCMRC 2000-2003 Remote-Sensing Initiative for Monitoring Environmental Resources Within the Colorado River Ecosystem","docAbstract":"In mid-2000, the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) began a remote-sensing initiative to evaluate all remote-sensing technologies and methods that had potential for providing improved data (capability) for its various programs that monitor the Colorado River ecosystem (CRE). The primary objective of the initiative was to determine the most cost-effective data collection protocols for GCMRC programs that (1) provide the accuracies required for currently measured parameters, (2) provide additional parameters for ecological monitoring, (3) reduce environmental impact by being less invasive than current methods, and (4) expand geographic extent of current ground approaches. The initial phase of the remote-sensing initiative determined the types of sampling parameters and their required accuracies for monitoring. This information was used to determine the most appropriate sensors for evaluation. The initiative evaluated 25 different data collections over a three-year period; many more remote-sensing instruments were considered, but were not evaluated because they could not meet the basic requirements on spatial resolution, wavelength, positional accuracy, or elevation accuracy. It was hoped that the evaluations would lead to a minimum set of technologies that would satisfy many program requirements. The results from all of our evaluations are reviewed in this report and are briefly summarized in this report. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041206","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2004, Review of Results and Recommendations from the GCMRC 2000-2003 Remote-Sensing Initiative for Monitoring Environmental Resources Within the Colorado River Ecosystem (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1206, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041206.","productDescription":"73 p.","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":183883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6023a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53622,"text":"fs11003 - 2004 - Sources of water to the Rio Grande upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T10:41:41","indexId":"fs11003","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"110-03","displayTitle":"Sources of Water to the Rio Grande Upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico","title":"Sources of water to the Rio Grande upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The Rio Grande watershed is a complex hydrologic system that includes numerous tributaries, inflow from transmountain diversions, irrigation diversions, agricultural return lows, reservoirs, and ground-water inflows and outflows. Many people depend on and are affected by the Rio Grande, which is the largest river of the surface-water system draining the Rio Grande watershed. To provide information to further the understanding of the Rio Grande surface-water system, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque, evaluated streamflow data computed by the U.S. Geological Survey at 60 streamflowgaging stations. This fact sheet examines the sources of water to the Rio Grande and the \"water balance\" of the Rio Grande surface-water system upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico, by comparing the mean annual discharge (streamflow) at different stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11003","usgsCitation":"Moore, S.J., Anderholm, S.K., Williams-Sether, T., and Stomp, J.M., 2004, Sources of water to the Rio Grande upstream from San Marcial, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 110-03, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11003.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359780,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0110/fs11003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:%20dc_nm@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20dc_nm@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nm-water\">New Mexico Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6700 Edith Blvd NE<br>Albuquerque,&nbsp;NM&nbsp;87113</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Stephanie J.","contributorId":35290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":69912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara","contributorId":57846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stomp, John M.","contributorId":105367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stomp","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53703,"text":"ofr20041004 - 2004 - Radiochemical and Chemical Constituents in Water from Selected Wells and Springs from the Southern Boundary of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T08:41:11","indexId":"ofr20041004","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1004","title":"Radiochemical and Chemical Constituents in Water from Selected Wells and Springs from the Southern Boundary of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 2002","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Water Resources, and the State of Idaho INEEL Oversight Program, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, sampled water from 17 sites as part of the sixth round of a long-term project to monitor water quality of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory to the Hagerman area. The samples were collected from eight irrigation wells, three domestic wells, one stock well, one dairy well, one commercial well, one observation well, and two springs and analyzed for selected radiochemical and chemical constituents. One quality-assurance sample, a sequential replicate, also was collected and analyzed.\r\n\r\nMany of the radionuclide and inorganic-constituent concentrations were greater than the reporting levels and most of the organic-constituent concentrations were less than the reporting levels. However, none of the reported radiochemical- or chemical-constituent concentrations exceeded the maximum contaminant levels for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Statistical evaluation of the replicate sample pair indicated that, with 95 percent confidence, 132 of the 135 constituent concentrations of the replicate pair were equivalent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Idaho Falls, Idaho","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy and Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Rattray, G.W., and Campbell, L.J., 2004, Radiochemical and Chemical Constituents in Water from Selected Wells and Springs from the Southern Boundary of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1004, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041004.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5028,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":373167,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1004/pdf/ofr20041004.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              42.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Linford J.","contributorId":77174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Linford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53807,"text":"wri034273 - 2004 - Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"wri034273","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4273","title":"Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida","docAbstract":"The Fernandina permeable zone contains brackish water in parts of Duval County, Florida. Upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone to the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer increases chloride concentrations in ground water in parts of Duval County. Numerical models of the ground-water flow system in parts of Duval, St. Johns, and Clay Counties, Florida, were used to (1) estimate the vertical flows between the low-quality water of the Fernandina permeable zone and the high-quality water of the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of Deerwood 3 and Brierwood well fields, based on 2000 ground-water withdrawal rates; (2) determine how such vertical flows change as several scenarios of injection, withdrawal, and intervening rest periods are simulated in the two well fields; and (3) evaluate the effects of changes in less certain hydraulic parameters on the vertical flows between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. The ground-water flow system was simulated with a four-layer model using MODFLOW-2000, which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The first layer consists of specified-head cells simulating the surficial aquifer system with prescribed water levels. The second layer simulates the Upper Floridan aquifer. The third and fourth layers simulate the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and the Fernandina permeable zone, respectively. Average flow conditions in 2000 were approximated with a steady-state simulation. The changes in upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone due to periods of injections and withdrawals were analyzed with transient simulations. The grid used for the ground-water flow model was uniform and composed of square 250-foot cells, with 400 columns and 400 rows. \r\n\r\nThe active model area encompasses about 360 square miles in parts of Duval, St. Johns, and Clay Counties, Florida. Ground-water flow simulation was limited vertically to the bottom of the Fernandina permeable zone. The steady-state ground-water flow model was calibrated using time-averaged 2000 heads at 20 control points. Environmental-water heads in the Fernandina permeable zone were calculated for wells with variable water density. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer, the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer, and the Fernandina permeable zone, and the leakance of the intermediate confining unit, the middle semiconfining unit, and the semiconfining unit were obtained from regional ground-water flow models and adjusted until a reasonable fit between simulated and computed heads was obtained. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated hydraulic properties from the steady-state ground-water flow model, and the calibrated storage coefficient from the transient model, were used to simulate hypothetical transient scenarios of injection, withdrawal, and intervening rest periods to assess changes in flow between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Based on the simulated flows between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and the 18 million gallons per day of water available for injection, the reversal of the prevailing upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone was not achieved. However, steady-state and transient simulations indicate that the upward flow of water from the Fernandina permeable zone could be reduced by as much as 64 percent, from 0.11 to 0.04 cubic foot per second, if only injection periods are simulated.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034273","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., and Spechler, R.M., 2004, Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4273, 59 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034273.","productDescription":"59 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5219,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri03_4273_sepulveda.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e422d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54143,"text":"wri034319 - 2004 - Wildfire-related floods and debris flows in Montana in 2000 and 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:12","indexId":"wri034319","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4319","title":"Wildfire-related floods and debris flows in Montana in 2000 and 2001","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034319","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., Cannon, S.H., and Pierce, K.L., 2004, Wildfire-related floods and debris flows in Montana in 2000 and 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4319, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034319.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5589,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri03-4319/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2003_4319.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,45 ], [ -116,49 ], [ -104,49 ], [ -104,45 ], [ -116,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53617,"text":"fs20043010 - 2004 - Using temperature to study stream-ground water exchanges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T19:49:51","indexId":"fs20043010","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3010","title":"Using temperature to study stream-ground water exchanges","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043010","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., 2004, Using temperature to study stream-ground water exchanges: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3010, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043010.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3010.bmp"},{"id":4900,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54151,"text":"ofr20041194 - 2004 - Chemical analyses of tertiary volcanic rocks, central San Juan caldera complex, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T08:08:04","indexId":"ofr20041194","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1194","title":"Chemical analyses of tertiary volcanic rocks, central San Juan caldera complex, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>In conjunction with integrated mapping of the Oligocene central San Juan caldera cluster, southwestern Colorado (USGS I-Map 2799, in press), all modern chemical analyses of volcanic rocks for this area determined in laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey have been re-evaluated in terms of the stratigraphic sequence as presently understood. These include approximately 700 unpublished analyses made between 1986 and 2003, as well as all USGS analyses published since 1965 when the widespread presence of regional welded ash-flow tuffs erupted from large calderas was first recognized. All the analyses are assigned unit identifiers consistent with those used for the new geologic map; quite a few of these differ from those used on sample submittal forms and in prior USGS publications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041194","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., 2004, Chemical analyses of tertiary volcanic rocks, central San Juan caldera complex, southwestern Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1194, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041194.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.14141845703124,\n              37.60879203604432\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.68411254882812,\n              37.60879203604432\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.68411254882812,\n              37.96152331396614\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.14141845703124,\n              37.96152331396614\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.14141845703124,\n              37.60879203604432\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184489,"text":"70184489 - 2004 - Dissimilatory arsenate reduction with sulfide as the electron donor--Experiments with Mono Lake water and isolation of strain MLMS-1, a chemoautotrophic arsenate-respirer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:39:12","indexId":"70184489","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissimilatory arsenate reduction with sulfide as the electron donor--Experiments with Mono Lake water and isolation of strain MLMS-1, a chemoautotrophic arsenate-respirer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Anoxic bottom water from Mono Lake, California, can biologically reduce added arsenate without any addition of electron donors. Of the possible in situ inorganic electron donors present, only sulfide was sufficiently abundant to drive this reaction. We tested the ability of sulfide to serve as an electron donor for arsenate reduction in experiments with lake water. Reduction of arsenate to arsenite occurred simultaneously with the removal of sulfide. No loss of sulfide occurred in controls without arsenate or in sterilized samples containing both arsenate and sulfide. The rate of arsenate reduction in lake water was dependent on the amount of available arsenate. We enriched for a bacterium that could achieve growth with sulfide and arsenate in a defined, mineral medium and purified it by serial dilution. The isolate, strain MLMS-1, is a gram-negative, motile curved rod that grows by oxidizing sulfide to sulfate while reducing arsenate to arsenite. Chemoautotrophy was confirmed by the incorporation of H</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span> into dark-incubated cells, but preliminary gene probing tests with primers for ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase did not yield PCR-amplified products. Alignment of 16S rRNA sequences indicated that strain MLMS-1 was in the δ-</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>, located near sulfate reducers like </span><i>Desulfobulbus</i><span> sp. (88 to 90% similarity) but more closely related (97%) to unidentified sequences amplified previously from Mono Lake. However, strain MLMS-1 does not grow with sulfate as its electron acceptor.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Mircobiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.5.2741-2747.2004","usgsCitation":"Hoeft, S.E., Kulp, T.R., Stolz, J.F., Hollibaugh, J., and Oremland, R.S., 2004, Dissimilatory arsenate reduction with sulfide as the electron donor--Experiments with Mono Lake water and isolation of strain MLMS-1, a chemoautotrophic arsenate-respirer: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 5, p. 2741-2747, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.5.2741-2747.2004.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2741","endPage":"2747","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/404439","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United State","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.148,37.940 ], [ -119.148,38.075 ], [ -118.909,38.075 ], [ -118.909,37.940 ], [ -119.148,37.940 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c941e4b0f37a93ee9b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoeft, Shelley E.","contributorId":54077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"Shelley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, Thomas R.","contributorId":15948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolz, John F.","contributorId":179305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollibaugh, James T.","contributorId":6878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"James T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":54023,"text":"ofr20041043 - 2004 - National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 1, Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20041043","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1043","title":"National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 1, Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\r\n\r\nBeach erosion is a chronic problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline movement that is consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii and Alaska. One purpose of this work is to develop standard repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline movement so that periodic updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally that are systematic and internally consistent.\r\n\r\nThis report on states bordering the Gulf of Mexico (Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas) represents the first in a series that will eventually include the Atlantic Coast, Pacific Coast, and parts of Hawaii and Alaska. The report summarizes the methods of analysis, interprets the results, provides explanations regarding the historical and present trends and rates of change, and describes how different coastal communities are responding to coastal erosion. Shoreline change evaluations are based on comparing three historical shorelines with a recent shoreline derived from lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) topographic surveys. The historical shorelines generally represent the following periods: 1800s, 1920s-1930s, and 1970s, whereas the lidar shoreline is 1998-2002. Long-term rates of change are calculated using all four shorelines (1800s to lidar shoreline), whereas short-term rates of change are calculated for the most recent period (1970s to lidar shoreline). The historical rates of change presented in this report represent past conditions and therefore are not intended for predicting future shoreline positions or rates of change.\r\n\r\nRates of erosion for the Gulf of Mexico region are generally highest in Louisiana along barrier island and headland shores associated with the Mississippi delta. Erosion is also rapid along some barrier islands and headlands in Texas, and barrier islands in Mississippi are migrating laterally. Highest rates of erosion in Florida are generally localized around tidal inlets. The most stable Gulf beaches are along the west coast of Florida where low wave energy and frequent beach nourishment minimize erosion. Some beach segments in Texas have accreted as a result of net longshore drift convergence, and around tidal inlets that have been stabilized by long jetties.\r\n\r\nSeawalls and riprap revetments were constructed in all the Gulf Coast states as initial community responses to long-term beach erosion. Although some states, such as Florida, still permit shoreline stabilization structures, beach nourishment has become the preferred method of mitigating long-term erosion.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041043","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Miller, T.L., and Moore, L.J., 2004, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 1, Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1043, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041043.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":159,"text":"Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5463,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Tara L.","contributorId":56302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Laura J.","contributorId":39452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54018,"text":"fs20043043 - 2004 - Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the San Joaquin Basin Province of California, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"fs20043043","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3043","title":"Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the San Joaquin Basin Province of California, 2003","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043043","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the San Joaquin Basin Province of California, 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3043, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043043.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3043.bmp"},{"id":5458,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3043/fs-2004-3043.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174690,"text":"70174690 - 2004 - The importance of hyporheic sediment respiration in several mid-order Michigan rivers: Comparison between methods in estimates of lotic metabolism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T13:54:33","indexId":"70174690","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of hyporheic sediment respiration in several mid-order Michigan rivers: Comparison between methods in estimates of lotic metabolism","docAbstract":"<p><span>Metabolism was measured in four Michigan streams, comparing estimates made using a flow-through chamber designed to include the hyporheic zone to a 20 cm depth and a traditional closed chamber that enclosed to a 5 cm depth. Mean levels of gross primary productivity and community respiration were consistently greater in the flow-through chamber than the closed chamber in all streams. Ratios of productivity to respiration (P/R) were consistently greater in the closed chambers than the flow-through chambers. P/R ratios were consistently &lt;1 in all streams when estimated with flow-through chambers, suggesting heterotrophic conditions. Maintenance of stream ecosystem structure and function therefore is dependent on subsidies either from the adjacent terrestrial system or upstream sources. Our results suggest that stream metabolism studies that rely on extrapolation of closed chambers to the whole reach will most likely underestimate gross primary productivity and community respiration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025056.18736.d6","usgsCitation":"Uzarski, D., Stricker, C.A., Burton, T., King, D.K., and Steinman, A., 2004, The importance of hyporheic sediment respiration in several mid-order Michigan rivers: Comparison between methods in estimates of lotic metabolism: Hydrobiologia, v. 518, no. 1, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025056.18736.d6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"AuSable River, Jordan River, Red Cedar 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A.","contributorId":56758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, T.M.","contributorId":86516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, D. K.","contributorId":172908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steinman, A.D.","contributorId":65433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinman","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":53805,"text":"wri034284 - 2004 - Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wri034284","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4284","title":"Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002","docAbstract":"Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas and the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas are sources of water for industrial, public supply, domestic, and agricultural uses. Potentiometric-surface maps were constructed from water-level measurements made in 60 wells completed in the Nacatoch Sand and 48 wells completed in the Tokio Formation during January and February 2002. \r\n\r\nIn northeastern Arkansas, withdrawals from the Nacatoch Sand increased by 784 percent from 1965 to 1990 and decreased by 30 percent from 1990 to 2000. In southwestern Arkansas withdrawals from aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation increased by 125 percent and 201 percent, respectively, from 1965 to 1980 and decreased by 93 percent and 81 percent, respectively, from 1980 to 2000. Long-term hydrographs were prepared for 13 wells in the study area. Changes in water levels in some wells may be associated with changes in withdrawals from the respective aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas generally is towards the southeast. The potentiometric high is located along the north and northwestern boundaries of the subarea. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in southwestern Arkansas is towards the south-southeast in Little River, Miller, and Hempstead Counties and to the east-southeast in Nevada and Clark Counties. The potentiometric high is located within the outcrop area in north-central Hempstead County. Cones of depression exist in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in southeastern Hempstead County and in southwestern Clark County. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas generally is towards the south or southeast. The potentiometric high is located where the aquifer outcrops in the northwestern part of the study area. An area of artesian flow exists in southeastern Pike, northeastern Hempstead, and northwestern Nevada Counties. One apparent cone of depression may exist northwest of Hope in Hempstead County.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034284","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T.P., and Scheiderer, R.M., 2004, Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4284, 24 p.; 10 figs.; 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034284.","productDescription":"24 p.; 10 figs.; 2 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5218,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4284/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheiderer, Rheannon M.","contributorId":104571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheiderer","given":"Rheannon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53398,"text":"wri034295 - 2004 - Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:21:08","indexId":"wri034295","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4295","title":"Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"The lower Roanoke River corridor in North Carolina contains a floodplain of national significance. Data from a network of 1 streamflow-measurement site, 13 river-stage sites, 13 floodplain water-level sites located along 4 transects, and 5 in situ water-quality monitoring sites were used to characterize temporal and spatial variations of floodplain and river water levels during 1997-2000 and to describe dissolved-oxygen conditions in the lower Roanoke River for the period 1998-2001.\r\n\r\nMajor differences in the relation of floodplain inundation to flow occurred both among sites at a given transect and among transects. Several floodplain sites were inundated for the full range of flow conditions measured during the study. These included one site on the Big Swash transect (at about river kilometer 119); one site on the Broadneck Swamp transect (river kilometer 97), which was inundated 91 percent of the time during the study; one site on the Devils Gut transect (river kilometer 44), which was inundated throughout the study; and three sites on the Cow Swamp transect (near river kilometer 10).\r\n\r\nThe relation of floodplain inundation depth to Roanoke River flow was highly variable among sites. There was no relation between flow and inundation depth at one of the Big Swash sites or at any of the four Cow Swamp sites. At two of the Big Swash transect sites, there was some relation between inundation depth and 10-day mean flow for flows greater than 700 cubic meters per second. A relatively strong relation between inundation depth and 10-day mean flow occurred at two of the Broadneck Swamp sites and, to a lesser degree, at two of the Devils Gut transect sites.\r\n\r\nThere was much greater interannual variability in floodplain water levels, as represented by the difference between the maximum and minimum daily water level for a given calendar date during January-May and September-October than during the summer and late fall months. If data from this study are representative of long-term conditions, then this means that there is less uncertainty about what future floodplain water levels will be during June-August and November-December than during other months.\r\n\r\nRates of ground-water decline, primarily due to evapotranspiration, were fairly similar at all sites, ranging from about 3 to 4 centimeters per day. For a 10-day mean flow of 300 cubic meters per second, an evaporative loss of 2 centimeters per day is equal to about 56 cubic meters per second. Evapotranspiration rates are much lower during the fall and winter months, so losses of river flow to floodplain processes likely are much lower during those months.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water gradient at most sites was from the floodplain to the river, indicating a potential for ground-water movement into the river from the floodplain. At two of the Devils Gut sites, however, the water level often was higher in the river than in the floodplain when floodplain sites were not inundated. This indicates that there is a potential for river water to move as ground water from the river into the floodplain. It seems likely that this feature observed at the Devils Gut transect occurs elsewhere in the lower Roanoke River corridor.\r\n\r\nDissolved-oxygen concentrations typically decrease with increasing distance from Roanoke Rapids Dam. During the 1998-2001 study period, the median dissolved-oxygen concentration at Halifax (river kilometer 187), the upstream-most station, was 8.4 milligrams per liter, and the median concentration at the downstream-most station (NC-45, bottom sensor; river kilometer 2.6) was 6.6 milligrams per liter. Several synoptic measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentration down the river identified the presence of a dissolved-oxygen sag in the vicinity of Halifax, with some recovery of concentrations between Halifax and about Scotland Neck at river kilometer 156. Data from the synoptic measurements also indicated that the greatest rate of dissolved-oxygen change with distance along the riv","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034295","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., and Walters, D.A., 2004, Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4295, viii, 81 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034295.","productDescription":"viii, 81 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5177,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236],[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236],[-83.7103271484375,35.67068501330236],[-83.7103271484375,35.67068501330236],[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.39593505859375,35.833401703805094],[-77.12677001953125,35.69968630125204],[-76.82601928710938,35.71083783530009],[-76.651611328125,35.91685961322499],[-76.77383422851562,36.010228040656735],[-77.04437255859375,36.1312200154285],[-77.41653442382812,36.43896124085945],[-77.56484985351562,36.493077506552744],[-77.81890869140624,36.63867203824882],[-78.54400634765624,36.88401445049676],[-78.8543701171875,37.322120359451766],[-79.82940673828125,37.53586597792038],[-80.30731201171875,37.55328764595765],[-80.2935791015625,37.520618678869305],[-80.38421630859374,37.49229399862877],[-80.48309326171875,37.43343148473673],[-80.52154541015625,37.472678309670826],[-80.68084716796875,37.43343148473673],[-80.782470703125,37.37670527881838],[-80.826416015625,37.14499280340635],[-80.42816162109375,36.99816565700228],[-80.32516479492188,36.14896463588831],[-79.76898193359375,36.1312200154285],[-79.46273803710938,36.33393438759289],[-79.12490844726562,36.379279167407965],[-79.03358459472656,36.377620677623874],[-78.89076232910156,36.387571085823566],[-78.83308410644531,36.40359962073253],[-77.39593505859375,35.833401703805094]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c23c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Douglas A. dwalters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Douglas","email":"dwalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54123,"text":"ofr20041204 - 2004 - The Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament: A possible onshore extension of the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T18:54:51.244515","indexId":"ofr20041204","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1204","title":"The Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament: A possible onshore extension of the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington","docAbstract":"The northwest-striking southern Whidbey Island fault zone (SWIF) was mapped previously using borehole data and potential-field anomalies on Whidbey Island and marine seismic surveys beneath surrounding waterways. Abrupt subsidence at a coastal marsh on south-central Whidbey Island suggests that the SWIF experienced a MW 6.5 to 7.0 earthquake about 3000 years ago. Southeast of Whidbey Island, a hypothesized southeastward projection of the SWIF would make landfall between the cities of Seattle and Everett. As part of systematic, ongoing studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Washington, and other earth science organizations to evaluate potentially active faults and other earth hazards throughout the Puget Lowland, we test this hypothesis using aeromagnetic, lidar, and borehole data. \r\n\r\nLinear, northwest-striking magnetic anomalies traversing the mainland region project southeastward toward the communities of Woodinville and Maltby, Washington. All of these magnetic anomalies are low in amplitude and best illuminated in residual magnetic fields. The most prominent of the residual magnetic anomalies extends at least 16 km, lies approximately on strike with the SWIF on Whidbey Island, and passes near Crystal and Cottage Lakes, about 27 km southeast of downtown Everett. In places, this magnetic anomaly is associated with topographic lineaments, but spectral analysis indicates that the source of the anomaly extends to depths greater than 2 km and cannot be explained entirely by topographic effects. The Alderwood #1 oil exploration well located on strike with the Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament shows evidence of deformation over a total depth range of 3000 m; some beds within this interval exhibit intense fracturing and shearing, although deformation within the well can only be constrained as post-early Oligocene and pre-Pleistocene. Boreholes acquired as part of a wastewater tunnel project show evidence of soil disturbance at locations where some topographic and aeromagnetic lineaments cross the tunnel alignment. Some of the disturbance is likely tectonic in origin, although other explanations are possible. Some of the soil disturbance demonstrably predates the 15-13 ka Fraser glaciation of the Puget Lowland; other samples have inconclusive ages and may be younger. Subtle scarps in Pleistocene surfaces are visible on high-resolution lidar topography at a number of locations along the Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament. Collectively, the scarps are parallel to the trend of the aeromagnetic lineament and extend a total distance of 18 km. In the field, scarps exhibit 1 to 5 m of north-side-up offset. The scarps provide targets for future paleoseismic trenching studies to test the hypothesis that they have a tectonic origin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041204","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R.J., Sherrod, B.L., Wells, R., Weaver, C.S., McCormack, D.H., Troost, K.G., and Haugerud, R.A., 2004, The Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament: A possible onshore extension of the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1204, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041204.","productDescription":"60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402776,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67467.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Whidbey Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.36984252929688,\n              47.90713721964109\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33551025390625,\n              47.979810681056705\n            ],\n            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  ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L.","contributorId":16874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCormack, David H.","contributorId":71627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormack","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Troost, Kathy G.","contributorId":35805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troost","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":54240,"text":"fs20043009 - 2004 - Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"fs20043009","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3009","title":"Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043009","usgsCitation":"Brendle, D.L., 2004, Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3009, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043009.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3009.bmp"},{"id":5348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68396b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brendle, Daniel L.","contributorId":76283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brendle","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53837,"text":"wri034299 - 2004 - Evaluation of Water Quality for Two St. Johns River Tributaries Receiving Septic Tank Effluent, Duval County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:55","indexId":"wri034299","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4299","title":"Evaluation of Water Quality for Two St. Johns River Tributaries Receiving Septic Tank Effluent, Duval County, Florida","docAbstract":"Tributary streamflow to the St. Johns River in Duval County is thought to be affected by septic tank leachate from residential areas adjacent to these tributaries. Water managers and the city of Jacksonville have committed to infrastructure improvements as part of a management plan to address the impairment of tributary water quality. In order to provide data to evaluate the effects of future remedial activities in selected tributaries, major ion and nutrient concentrations, fecal coliform concentrations, detection of wastewater compounds, and tracking of bacterial sources were used to document septic tank influences on the water quality of selected tributaries.\r\n\r\nThe tributaries Fishing Creek and South Big Fishweir Creek were selected because they drain subdivisions identified as high priority locations for septic tank phase-out projects: the Pernecia and Murray Hill B subdivisions, respectively. Population, housing (number of residences), and septic tank densities for the Murray Hill B subdivision are greater than those for the Pernecia subdivision.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples collected in the study basins indicate influences from ground water and septic tanks. Estimated concentrations of total nitrogen ranged from 0.33 to 2.86 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and ranged from less than laboratory reporting limit (0.02 mg/L) to 0.64 mg/L for total phosphorus. Major ion concentrations met the State of Florida Class III surface-water standards; total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ecoregion XII nutrient criteria for rivers and streams 49 and 96 percent of the time, respectively. Organic wastewater compounds detected at study sites were categorized as detergents, antioxidants and flame retardants, manufactured polycarbonate resins, industrial solvents, and mosquito repellent. The most commonly detected compound was para-nonylphenol, a breakdown product of detergent. Results of wastewater sampling give evidence that stream water in the study basins is affected by septic tank effluent.\r\n\r\nFecal coliform bacteria concentrations were measured on a monthly basis; of 115 samples, 63 percent exceeded the State of Florida fecal coliform bacteria standard for Class III surface waters of 800 colonies per 100 milliliters of water on any 1 day. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations ranged from less than 20 colonies per 100 milliliters of sample to greater than or equal to 160,000 colonies per 100 milliliters of sample. Antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal coliform bacteria were used to identify the sources of fecal coliform bacteria. Significant sources of fecal coliform bacteria included wild animals, dogs, and humans. A majority of the fecal coliform bacteria were classified to be from human sources. Because the primary source of fecal coliform bacteria is from human sources, and most likely septic tank effluent, management of human sources may substantially improve microbiological water quality in both the Fishing Creek and South Branch Big Fishweir Creek basins.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034299","usgsCitation":"Wicklein, S., 2004, Evaluation of Water Quality for Two St. Johns River Tributaries Receiving Septic Tank Effluent, Duval County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4299, iv; 28 p.; col. ill.; col. maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034299.","productDescription":"iv; 28 p.; col. ill.; col. maps; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a47be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicklein, Shaun 0000-0003-4551-1237 smwickle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1237","contributorId":3389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"Shaun","email":"smwickle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54021,"text":"ofr20041085 - 2004 - Compilation of Post Wildfire Runoff-Event Data from the Western United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31512,"text":"ofr01474 - 2001 - Compilation of post-wildfire runoff-event data from the Western United States","indexId":"ofr01474","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Compilation of post-wildfire runoff-event data from the Western United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":54021,"text":"ofr20041085 - 2004 - Compilation of Post Wildfire Runoff-Event Data from the Western United States","indexId":"ofr20041085","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Compilation of Post Wildfire Runoff-Event Data from the Western United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20041085","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1085","title":"Compilation of Post Wildfire Runoff-Event Data from the Western United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041085","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.E., Bigio, E.R., and Cannon, S.H., 2004, Compilation of Post Wildfire Runoff-Event Data from the Western United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1085, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041085.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5461,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa04d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bigio, Erica R.","contributorId":89941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigio","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":69777,"text":"sim2829 - 2004 - Precambrian basement geologic map of Montana– An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T17:14:06.692122","indexId":"sim2829","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2829","title":"Precambrian basement geologic map of Montana– An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"Newly compiled aeromagnetic anomaly data of Montana, in conjunction with the known geologic framework of basement rocks, have been combined to produce a new interpretive geologic basement map of Montana.  Crystalline basement rocks compose the basement, but are exposed only in the cores of mountain ranges in southwestern Montana.  Principal features deduced from the map are:  (1) A prominent northeast-trending, 200-km-wide zone of spaced negative anomalies, which extends more than 700 km from southwestern Montana's Beaverhead Mountains to the Canadian border and reflects suturing of the Archean Mexican Hat Block against the Archean Wyoming Province along the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Montana Orogen (new name) at about 1.9-1.8 Ga; (2) North-northwest-trending magnetic lows in northeastern Montana, which reflect the 1.9-1.8 Ga Trans-Hudson Orogen and truncate the older Trans-Montana Zone; and (3) Subtle northwest- and west-trending negative anomalies in central and western Montana, which represent the northernmost segment of brittle-ductile transcurrent faults of the newly recognized Mesoproterozoic Trans-Rocky Mountain fault system.  Structures developed in the Proterozoic provided zones of crustal weakness reactivated during younger Proterozoic and Phanerozoic igneous and tectonic activity.  For example, the Trans-Montana Zone guided basement involved thrust faulting in southwestern Montana during the Sevier Orogeny.  The Boulder Batholith and associated ore deposits and the linear belt of alkaline intrusions to the northeast were localized along a zone of weakness between the Missouri River suture and the Dillon shear zone of the Trans-Montana Orogen.  The northwest-trending faults of Trans-Rocky Mountain system outline depocenters for sedimentary rocks in the Belt Basin.  This fault system provided zones of weakness that guided Laramide uplifts during basement crustal shortening.  Northwest-trending zones have been locally reactivated during Neogene basin-range extension.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2829","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., O’Neill, J., Bankey, V., and Anderson, E., 2004, Precambrian basement geologic map of Montana– An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2829, Report: 14 p; 1 Plate: 57.00 × 38.50 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2829.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p; 1 Plate: 57.00 × 38.50 inches; Metadata","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110483,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_63803.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"63803"},{"id":6409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2829/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United 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E.","contributorId":100078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":69767,"text":"i2798 - 2004 - Topographic Map of the Southwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/252E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:51","indexId":"i2798","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2798","title":"Topographic Map of the Southwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/252E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 meters. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2798","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Topographic Map of the Southwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/252E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2798, map, 27 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2798.","productDescription":"map, 27 by 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2798/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209841,"text":"70209841 - 2004 - Interpretation of the Seattle Uplift, Washington, as a passive-roof duplex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T16:24:52.204248","indexId":"70209841","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-30T12:39:53","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of the Seattle Uplift, Washington, as a passive-roof duplex","docAbstract":"<p><span>We interpret seismic lines and a wide variety of other geological and geophysical data to suggest that the Seattle uplift is a passive-roof duplex. A passive-roof duplex is bounded top and bottom by thrust faults with opposite senses of vergence that form a triangle zone at the leading edge of the advancing thrust sheet. In passive-roof duplexes the roof thrust slips only when the floor thrust ruptures. The Seattle fault is a south-dipping reverse fault forming the leading edge of the Seattle uplift, a 40-km-wide fold-and-thrust belt. The recently discovered, north-dipping Tacoma reverse fault is interpreted as a back thrust on the trailing edge of the belt, making the belt doubly vergent. Floor thrusts in the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones, imaged as discontinuous reflections, are interpreted as blind faults that flatten updip into bedding plane thrusts. Shallow monoclines in both the Seattle and Tacoma basins are interpreted to overlie the leading edges of thrust-bounded wedge tips advancing into the basins. Across the Seattle uplift, seismic lines image several shallow, short-wavelength folds exhibiting Quaternary or late Quaternary growth. From reflector truncation, several north-dipping thrust faults (splay thrusts) are inferred to core these shallow folds and to splay upward from a shallow roof thrust. Some of these shallow splay thrusts ruptured to the surface in the late Holocene. Ages from offset soils in trenches across the fault scarps and from abruptly raised shorelines indicate that the splay, roof, and floor thrusts of the Seattle and Tacoma faults ruptured about 1100 years ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/012003190","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Blakely, R.J., and Wells, R.E., 2004, Interpretation of the Seattle Uplift, Washington, as a passive-roof duplex: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 4, p. 1379-1401, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003190.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1379","endPage":"1401","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Seattle Uplift","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              46.95776134668866\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              46.95776134668866\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              47.779943470641264\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              47.779943470641264\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              46.95776134668866\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":149772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209547,"text":"70209547 - 2004 - Reply to discussion on “Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T16:17:22.596096","indexId":"70209547","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-23T11:13:24","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to discussion on “Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands”","docAbstract":"<p>Bradley and Leach (2003) focused on the tectonics of a subset of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead–zinc deposits. Age assignments followed those given in a review of MVT deposits worldwide (Leach et al. 2001)—a paper that provoked a discussion by Kesler and Carrigan (2002) and reply by Leach et al. (2002), similar to the present exchange. While the new discussion by Kesler et al. (2004) does address tectonic issues, it also continues the old debate about the pros and cons of Rb–Sr isotopic and paleomagnetic dating of MVT deposits. We address these dating techniques first.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-004-0420-5","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Leach, D.L., Symons, D., Emsbo, P., Premo, W.R., Breit, G.N., and Sangster, D.F., 2004, Reply to discussion on “Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands”: Mineralium Deposita, v. 39, p. 515-519, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-004-0420-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"519","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, David L.","contributorId":83902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Symons, David","contributorId":223985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Symons","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sangster, D. F.","contributorId":78889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sangster","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70184610,"text":"70184610 - 2004 - Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T13:01:15","indexId":"70184610","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The Bemidji aquifer in Minnesota, USA is a well-studied site of subsurface petroleum contamination. The site contains an anoxic groundwater plume where soluble petroleum constituents serve as an energy source for a region of methanogenesis near the source and bacterial Fe(III) reduction further down gradient. Methanogenesis apparently begins when bioavailable Fe(III) is exhausted within the sediment. Past studies indicate that <i>Geobacter</i> species and <i>Geothrix fermentens</i>-like organisms are the primary dissimilatory Fe-reducing bacteria at this site. The Fe mineralogy of the pristine aquifer sediments and samples from the methanogenic (source) and Fe(III) reducing zones were characterized in this study to identify microbiologic changes to Fe valence and mineral distribution, and to identify whether new biogenic mineral phases had formed. Methods applied included X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); and chemical extraction; optical, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy; and Mössbauer spectroscopy.</p><p id=\"\">All of the sediments were low in total Fe content (≈ 1%) and exhibited complex Fe-mineralogy. The bulk pristine sediment and its sand, silt, and clay-sized fractions were studied in detail. The pristine sediments contained Fe(II) and Fe(III) mineral phases. Ferrous iron represented approximately 50% of Fe<sub>TOT</sub>. The relative Fe(II) concentration increased in the sand fraction, and its primary mineralogic residence was clinochlore with minor concentrations found as a ferroan calcite grain cement in carbonate lithic fragments. Fe(III) existed in silicates (epidote, clinochlore, muscovite) and Fe(III) oxides of detrital and authigenic origin. The detrital Fe(III) oxides included hematite and goethite in the form of mm-sized nodular concretions and smaller-sized dispersed crystallites, and euhedral magnetite grains. Authigenic Fe(III) oxides increased in concentration with decreasing particle size through the silt and clay fraction. Chemical extraction and Mössbauer analysis indicated that this was a ferrihydrite like-phase. Quantitative mineralogic and Fe(II/III) ratio comparisons between the pristine and contaminated sediments were not possible because of textural differences. However, comparisons between the texturally-similar source (where bioavailable Fe(III) had been exhausted) and Fe(III) reducing zone sediments (where bioavailable Fe(III) remained) indicated that dispersed detrital, crystalline Fe(III) oxides and a portion of the authigenic, poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide fraction had been depleted from the source zone sediment by microbiologic activity. Little or no effect of microbiologic activity was observed on silicate Fe(III). The presence of residual “ferrihydrite” in the most bioreduced, anoxic plume sediment (source) implied that a portion of the authigenic Fe(III) oxides were biologically inaccessible in weathered, lithic fragment interiors. Little evidence was found for the modern biogenesis of authigenic ferrous-containing mineral phases, perhaps with the exception of thin siderite or ferroan calcite surface precipitates on carbonate lithic fragments within source zone sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.022","usgsCitation":"Zachara, J.M., Kukkadapu, R.K., Glassman, P.L., Dohnalkova, A., Fredrickson, J.K., and Anderson, T., 2004, Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 8, p. 1971-1805, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.022.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1805","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c941e4b0f37a93ee9b2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zachara, John M.","contributorId":7421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kukkadapu, Ravi K.","contributorId":188091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kukkadapu","given":"Ravi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glassman, Paul L.","contributorId":188092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glassman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohnalkova, Alice","contributorId":188093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dohnalkova","given":"Alice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredrickson, Jim K.","contributorId":188094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Todd","contributorId":19017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}