{"pageNumber":"2690","pageRowStart":"67225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":53837,"text":"wri034299 - 2004 - Evaluation of Water Quality for Two St. Johns River Tributaries Receiving Septic Tank Effluent, Duval County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:55","indexId":"wri034299","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4299","title":"Evaluation of Water Quality for Two St. Johns River Tributaries Receiving Septic Tank Effluent, Duval County, Florida","docAbstract":"Tributary streamflow to the St. Johns River in Duval County is thought to be affected by septic tank leachate from residential areas adjacent to these tributaries. Water managers and the city of Jacksonville have committed to infrastructure improvements as part of a management plan to address the impairment of tributary water quality. In order to provide data to evaluate the effects of future remedial activities in selected tributaries, major ion and nutrient concentrations, fecal coliform concentrations, detection of wastewater compounds, and tracking of bacterial sources were used to document septic tank influences on the water quality of selected tributaries.\r\n\r\nThe tributaries Fishing Creek and South Big Fishweir Creek were selected because they drain subdivisions identified as high priority locations for septic tank phase-out projects: the Pernecia and Murray Hill B subdivisions, respectively. Population, housing (number of residences), and septic tank densities for the Murray Hill B subdivision are greater than those for the Pernecia subdivision.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples collected in the study basins indicate influences from ground water and septic tanks. Estimated concentrations of total nitrogen ranged from 0.33 to 2.86 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and ranged from less than laboratory reporting limit (0.02 mg/L) to 0.64 mg/L for total phosphorus. Major ion concentrations met the State of Florida Class III surface-water standards; total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ecoregion XII nutrient criteria for rivers and streams 49 and 96 percent of the time, respectively. Organic wastewater compounds detected at study sites were categorized as detergents, antioxidants and flame retardants, manufactured polycarbonate resins, industrial solvents, and mosquito repellent. The most commonly detected compound was para-nonylphenol, a breakdown product of detergent. Results of wastewater sampling give evidence that stream water in the study basins is affected by septic tank effluent.\r\n\r\nFecal coliform bacteria concentrations were measured on a monthly basis; of 115 samples, 63 percent exceeded the State of Florida fecal coliform bacteria standard for Class III surface waters of 800 colonies per 100 milliliters of water on any 1 day. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations ranged from less than 20 colonies per 100 milliliters of sample to greater than or equal to 160,000 colonies per 100 milliliters of sample. Antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal coliform bacteria were used to identify the sources of fecal coliform bacteria. Significant sources of fecal coliform bacteria included wild animals, dogs, and humans. A majority of the fecal coliform bacteria were classified to be from human sources. Because the primary source of fecal coliform bacteria is from human sources, and most likely septic tank effluent, management of human sources may substantially improve microbiological water quality in both the Fishing Creek and South Branch Big Fishweir Creek basins.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034299","usgsCitation":"Wicklein, S., 2004, Evaluation of Water Quality for Two St. Johns River Tributaries Receiving Septic Tank Effluent, Duval County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4299, iv; 28 p.; col. ill.; col. maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034299.","productDescription":"iv; 28 p.; col. ill.; col. maps; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a47be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicklein, Shaun 0000-0003-4551-1237 smwickle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1237","contributorId":3389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"Shaun","email":"smwickle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53706,"text":"wri034323 - 2004 - Hydrologic Effects of the 1988 Galena Fire, Black Hills Area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T14:33:22","indexId":"wri034323","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4323","title":"Hydrologic Effects of the 1988 Galena Fire, Black Hills Area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Galena Fire burned about 16,788 acres of primarily ponderosa pine forest during July 5-8, 1988, in the Black Hills area of South Dakota. The fire burned primarily within the Grace Coolidge Creek drainage basin and almost entirely within the boundaries of Custer State Park. A U.S. Geological Survey gaging station with streamflow records dating back to 1977 was located along Grace Coolidge Creek within the burned area. About one-half of the gaging station's 26.8-square-mile drainage area was burned. The drainage basin for Bear Gulch, which is tributary to Grace Coolidge Creek, was burned particularly severely, with complete deforestation occurring in nearly the entirety of the area upstream from a gaging station that was installed in 1989.\r\n\r\nA study to evaluate effects of the Galena Fire on streamflow, geomorphology, and water quality was initiated in 1988. The geomorphologic and water-quality components of the study were completed by 1990 and are summarized in this report. A data-collection network consisting of streamflow- and precipitation-gaging stations was operated through water year 1998 for evaluation of effects on streamflow characteristics, including both annual-yield and peak-flow characteristics, which are the main focus of this report.\r\n\r\nModerately burned areas did not experience a substantial increase in the rate of surface erosion; however, severely burned areas underwent surficial erosion nearly twice that of the unburned areas. The sediment production rate of Bear Gulch estimated 8 to 14 months after the fire was 870 ft3/acre (44 tons/acre). Substantial degradation of stream channels within the severely burned headwater areas of Bear Gulch was documented. Farther downstream, channel aggradation resulted from deposition of sediments transported from the headwater areas.\r\n\r\nThe most notable water-quality effect was on concentrations of suspended sediment, which were orders of magnitude higher for Bear Gulch than for the unburned control area. Effects on several other water-quality constituents, such as organic carbon and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient constituents, probably were influenced by the large concentrations of suspended matter that were documented in initial post-fire, storm-flow events. The first post-fire stormflow produced the highest measured concentrations of specific conductance, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, calcium, magnesium, potassium, manganese, and sulfate in the burned areas. For most constituents sampled, differences in concentrations between burned and unburned areas were no longer discernible within about 1 year following the Galena Fire.\r\n\r\nThe effects of the Galena Fire on annual-yield characteristics of Grace Coolidge Creek were evaluated primarily from comparisons with long-term streamflow records for Battle Creek, which is hydrogeologically similar and is located immediately to the north. Annual yield for Grace Coolidge Creek increased by about 20 percent as a result of the fire. This estimate was based on relations between annual yield for Grace Coolidge Creek and Battle Creek for pre- and post-burn periods. Many of the post-burn data points are well beyond the range of the pre-burn data, which is a source of uncertainty for this estimate.\r\n\r\nSubstantial increases in peak-flow characteristics for severely burned drainages were visually apparent from numerous post-fire field observations. Various analyses of streamflow data indicated substantial increases in peak-flow response for burned drainage areas; however, quantification of effects was particularly difficult because peak-flow response diminished quickly and returned to a generally pre-burn condition by about 1991. Field observations of vegetation and analysis of remotely sensed data indicated that establishment of grasses and forbs occurred within a similar timeframe. Comparison of pre-fire peak flows to post-1991 peak flows indicates that these grasses and forbs were equally effective in suppressing peak flows ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034323","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, D.G., Carter, J.M., and Ohlen, D.O., 2004, Hydrologic Effects of the 1988 Galena Fire, Black Hills Area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4323, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034323.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5048,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034323/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":338666,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034323/pdf/wri034323.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlen, Donald O. ohlen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"Donald","email":"ohlen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53398,"text":"wri034295 - 2004 - Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:21:08","indexId":"wri034295","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4295","title":"Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"The lower Roanoke River corridor in North Carolina contains a floodplain of national significance. Data from a network of 1 streamflow-measurement site, 13 river-stage sites, 13 floodplain water-level sites located along 4 transects, and 5 in situ water-quality monitoring sites were used to characterize temporal and spatial variations of floodplain and river water levels during 1997-2000 and to describe dissolved-oxygen conditions in the lower Roanoke River for the period 1998-2001.\r\n\r\nMajor differences in the relation of floodplain inundation to flow occurred both among sites at a given transect and among transects. Several floodplain sites were inundated for the full range of flow conditions measured during the study. These included one site on the Big Swash transect (at about river kilometer 119); one site on the Broadneck Swamp transect (river kilometer 97), which was inundated 91 percent of the time during the study; one site on the Devils Gut transect (river kilometer 44), which was inundated throughout the study; and three sites on the Cow Swamp transect (near river kilometer 10).\r\n\r\nThe relation of floodplain inundation depth to Roanoke River flow was highly variable among sites. There was no relation between flow and inundation depth at one of the Big Swash sites or at any of the four Cow Swamp sites. At two of the Big Swash transect sites, there was some relation between inundation depth and 10-day mean flow for flows greater than 700 cubic meters per second. A relatively strong relation between inundation depth and 10-day mean flow occurred at two of the Broadneck Swamp sites and, to a lesser degree, at two of the Devils Gut transect sites.\r\n\r\nThere was much greater interannual variability in floodplain water levels, as represented by the difference between the maximum and minimum daily water level for a given calendar date during January-May and September-October than during the summer and late fall months. If data from this study are representative of long-term conditions, then this means that there is less uncertainty about what future floodplain water levels will be during June-August and November-December than during other months.\r\n\r\nRates of ground-water decline, primarily due to evapotranspiration, were fairly similar at all sites, ranging from about 3 to 4 centimeters per day. For a 10-day mean flow of 300 cubic meters per second, an evaporative loss of 2 centimeters per day is equal to about 56 cubic meters per second. Evapotranspiration rates are much lower during the fall and winter months, so losses of river flow to floodplain processes likely are much lower during those months.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water gradient at most sites was from the floodplain to the river, indicating a potential for ground-water movement into the river from the floodplain. At two of the Devils Gut sites, however, the water level often was higher in the river than in the floodplain when floodplain sites were not inundated. This indicates that there is a potential for river water to move as ground water from the river into the floodplain. It seems likely that this feature observed at the Devils Gut transect occurs elsewhere in the lower Roanoke River corridor.\r\n\r\nDissolved-oxygen concentrations typically decrease with increasing distance from Roanoke Rapids Dam. During the 1998-2001 study period, the median dissolved-oxygen concentration at Halifax (river kilometer 187), the upstream-most station, was 8.4 milligrams per liter, and the median concentration at the downstream-most station (NC-45, bottom sensor; river kilometer 2.6) was 6.6 milligrams per liter. Several synoptic measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentration down the river identified the presence of a dissolved-oxygen sag in the vicinity of Halifax, with some recovery of concentrations between Halifax and about Scotland Neck at river kilometer 156. Data from the synoptic measurements also indicated that the greatest rate of dissolved-oxygen change with distance along the riv","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034295","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., and Walters, D.A., 2004, Relations among floodplain water levels, instream dissolved-oxygen conditions, and streamflow in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4295, viii, 81 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034295.","productDescription":"viii, 81 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5177,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236],[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236],[-83.7103271484375,35.67068501330236],[-83.7103271484375,35.67068501330236],[-83.71307373046874,35.67068501330236]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.39593505859375,35.833401703805094],[-77.12677001953125,35.69968630125204],[-76.82601928710938,35.71083783530009],[-76.651611328125,35.91685961322499],[-76.77383422851562,36.010228040656735],[-77.04437255859375,36.1312200154285],[-77.41653442382812,36.43896124085945],[-77.56484985351562,36.493077506552744],[-77.81890869140624,36.63867203824882],[-78.54400634765624,36.88401445049676],[-78.8543701171875,37.322120359451766],[-79.82940673828125,37.53586597792038],[-80.30731201171875,37.55328764595765],[-80.2935791015625,37.520618678869305],[-80.38421630859374,37.49229399862877],[-80.48309326171875,37.43343148473673],[-80.52154541015625,37.472678309670826],[-80.68084716796875,37.43343148473673],[-80.782470703125,37.37670527881838],[-80.826416015625,37.14499280340635],[-80.42816162109375,36.99816565700228],[-80.32516479492188,36.14896463588831],[-79.76898193359375,36.1312200154285],[-79.46273803710938,36.33393438759289],[-79.12490844726562,36.379279167407965],[-79.03358459472656,36.377620677623874],[-78.89076232910156,36.387571085823566],[-78.83308410644531,36.40359962073253],[-77.39593505859375,35.833401703805094]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c23c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Douglas A. dwalters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Douglas","email":"dwalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53805,"text":"wri034284 - 2004 - Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wri034284","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4284","title":"Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002","docAbstract":"Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas and the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas are sources of water for industrial, public supply, domestic, and agricultural uses. Potentiometric-surface maps were constructed from water-level measurements made in 60 wells completed in the Nacatoch Sand and 48 wells completed in the Tokio Formation during January and February 2002. \r\n\r\nIn northeastern Arkansas, withdrawals from the Nacatoch Sand increased by 784 percent from 1965 to 1990 and decreased by 30 percent from 1990 to 2000. In southwestern Arkansas withdrawals from aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation increased by 125 percent and 201 percent, respectively, from 1965 to 1980 and decreased by 93 percent and 81 percent, respectively, from 1980 to 2000. Long-term hydrographs were prepared for 13 wells in the study area. Changes in water levels in some wells may be associated with changes in withdrawals from the respective aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas generally is towards the southeast. The potentiometric high is located along the north and northwestern boundaries of the subarea. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in southwestern Arkansas is towards the south-southeast in Little River, Miller, and Hempstead Counties and to the east-southeast in Nevada and Clark Counties. The potentiometric high is located within the outcrop area in north-central Hempstead County. Cones of depression exist in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in southeastern Hempstead County and in southwestern Clark County. \r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas generally is towards the south or southeast. The potentiometric high is located where the aquifer outcrops in the northwestern part of the study area. An area of artesian flow exists in southeastern Pike, northeastern Hempstead, and northwestern Nevada Counties. One apparent cone of depression may exist northwest of Hope in Hempstead County.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034284","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T.P., and Scheiderer, R.M., 2004, Status of water levels in aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4284, 24 p.; 10 figs.; 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034284.","productDescription":"24 p.; 10 figs.; 2 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5218,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4284/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheiderer, Rheannon M.","contributorId":104571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheiderer","given":"Rheannon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54123,"text":"ofr20041204 - 2004 - The Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament: A possible onshore extension of the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T18:54:51.244515","indexId":"ofr20041204","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1204","title":"The Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament: A possible onshore extension of the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington","docAbstract":"The northwest-striking southern Whidbey Island fault zone (SWIF) was mapped previously using borehole data and potential-field anomalies on Whidbey Island and marine seismic surveys beneath surrounding waterways. Abrupt subsidence at a coastal marsh on south-central Whidbey Island suggests that the SWIF experienced a MW 6.5 to 7.0 earthquake about 3000 years ago. Southeast of Whidbey Island, a hypothesized southeastward projection of the SWIF would make landfall between the cities of Seattle and Everett. As part of systematic, ongoing studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Washington, and other earth science organizations to evaluate potentially active faults and other earth hazards throughout the Puget Lowland, we test this hypothesis using aeromagnetic, lidar, and borehole data. \r\n\r\nLinear, northwest-striking magnetic anomalies traversing the mainland region project southeastward toward the communities of Woodinville and Maltby, Washington. All of these magnetic anomalies are low in amplitude and best illuminated in residual magnetic fields. The most prominent of the residual magnetic anomalies extends at least 16 km, lies approximately on strike with the SWIF on Whidbey Island, and passes near Crystal and Cottage Lakes, about 27 km southeast of downtown Everett. In places, this magnetic anomaly is associated with topographic lineaments, but spectral analysis indicates that the source of the anomaly extends to depths greater than 2 km and cannot be explained entirely by topographic effects. The Alderwood #1 oil exploration well located on strike with the Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament shows evidence of deformation over a total depth range of 3000 m; some beds within this interval exhibit intense fracturing and shearing, although deformation within the well can only be constrained as post-early Oligocene and pre-Pleistocene. Boreholes acquired as part of a wastewater tunnel project show evidence of soil disturbance at locations where some topographic and aeromagnetic lineaments cross the tunnel alignment. Some of the disturbance is likely tectonic in origin, although other explanations are possible. Some of the soil disturbance demonstrably predates the 15-13 ka Fraser glaciation of the Puget Lowland; other samples have inconclusive ages and may be younger. Subtle scarps in Pleistocene surfaces are visible on high-resolution lidar topography at a number of locations along the Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament. Collectively, the scarps are parallel to the trend of the aeromagnetic lineament and extend a total distance of 18 km. In the field, scarps exhibit 1 to 5 m of north-side-up offset. The scarps provide targets for future paleoseismic trenching studies to test the hypothesis that they have a tectonic origin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041204","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R.J., Sherrod, B.L., Wells, R., Weaver, C.S., McCormack, D.H., Troost, K.G., and Haugerud, R.A., 2004, The Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament: A possible onshore extension of the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1204, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041204.","productDescription":"60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402776,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67467.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Whidbey Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.36984252929688,\n              47.90713721964109\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33551025390625,\n              47.979810681056705\n            ],\n            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  ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L.","contributorId":16874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCormack, David H.","contributorId":71627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormack","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Troost, Kathy G.","contributorId":35805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troost","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":54240,"text":"fs20043009 - 2004 - Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"fs20043009","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3009","title":"Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043009","usgsCitation":"Brendle, D.L., 2004, Potential Effects of Individual Sewage Disposal System Density on Ground-Water Quality in the Fractured-Rock Aquifer in the Vicinity of Bailey, Park County, Colorado, 2001-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3009, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043009.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3009.bmp"},{"id":5348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68396b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brendle, Daniel L.","contributorId":76283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brendle","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184489,"text":"70184489 - 2004 - Dissimilatory arsenate reduction with sulfide as the electron donor--Experiments with Mono Lake water and isolation of strain MLMS-1, a chemoautotrophic arsenate-respirer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:39:12","indexId":"70184489","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissimilatory arsenate reduction with sulfide as the electron donor--Experiments with Mono Lake water and isolation of strain MLMS-1, a chemoautotrophic arsenate-respirer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Anoxic bottom water from Mono Lake, California, can biologically reduce added arsenate without any addition of electron donors. Of the possible in situ inorganic electron donors present, only sulfide was sufficiently abundant to drive this reaction. We tested the ability of sulfide to serve as an electron donor for arsenate reduction in experiments with lake water. Reduction of arsenate to arsenite occurred simultaneously with the removal of sulfide. No loss of sulfide occurred in controls without arsenate or in sterilized samples containing both arsenate and sulfide. The rate of arsenate reduction in lake water was dependent on the amount of available arsenate. We enriched for a bacterium that could achieve growth with sulfide and arsenate in a defined, mineral medium and purified it by serial dilution. The isolate, strain MLMS-1, is a gram-negative, motile curved rod that grows by oxidizing sulfide to sulfate while reducing arsenate to arsenite. Chemoautotrophy was confirmed by the incorporation of H</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span> into dark-incubated cells, but preliminary gene probing tests with primers for ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase did not yield PCR-amplified products. Alignment of 16S rRNA sequences indicated that strain MLMS-1 was in the δ-</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>, located near sulfate reducers like </span><i>Desulfobulbus</i><span> sp. (88 to 90% similarity) but more closely related (97%) to unidentified sequences amplified previously from Mono Lake. However, strain MLMS-1 does not grow with sulfate as its electron acceptor.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Mircobiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.5.2741-2747.2004","usgsCitation":"Hoeft, S.E., Kulp, T.R., Stolz, J.F., Hollibaugh, J., and Oremland, R.S., 2004, Dissimilatory arsenate reduction with sulfide as the electron donor--Experiments with Mono Lake water and isolation of strain MLMS-1, a chemoautotrophic arsenate-respirer: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 5, p. 2741-2747, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.5.2741-2747.2004.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2741","endPage":"2747","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/404439","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United State","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.148,37.940 ], [ -119.148,38.075 ], [ -118.909,38.075 ], [ -118.909,37.940 ], [ -119.148,37.940 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c941e4b0f37a93ee9b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoeft, Shelley E.","contributorId":54077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"Shelley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, Thomas R.","contributorId":15948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolz, John F.","contributorId":179305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollibaugh, James T.","contributorId":6878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"James T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":53400,"text":"fs20043011 - 2004 - Monitoring Surface-Water Quality in the Tongue River Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"fs20043011","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3011","title":"Monitoring Surface-Water Quality in the Tongue River Watershed","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043011","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., 2004, Monitoring Surface-Water Quality in the Tongue River Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3011, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043011.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2004-3011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3011.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209841,"text":"70209841 - 2004 - Interpretation of the Seattle Uplift, Washington, as a passive-roof duplex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T16:24:52.204248","indexId":"70209841","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-30T12:39:53","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of the Seattle Uplift, Washington, as a passive-roof duplex","docAbstract":"<p><span>We interpret seismic lines and a wide variety of other geological and geophysical data to suggest that the Seattle uplift is a passive-roof duplex. A passive-roof duplex is bounded top and bottom by thrust faults with opposite senses of vergence that form a triangle zone at the leading edge of the advancing thrust sheet. In passive-roof duplexes the roof thrust slips only when the floor thrust ruptures. The Seattle fault is a south-dipping reverse fault forming the leading edge of the Seattle uplift, a 40-km-wide fold-and-thrust belt. The recently discovered, north-dipping Tacoma reverse fault is interpreted as a back thrust on the trailing edge of the belt, making the belt doubly vergent. Floor thrusts in the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones, imaged as discontinuous reflections, are interpreted as blind faults that flatten updip into bedding plane thrusts. Shallow monoclines in both the Seattle and Tacoma basins are interpreted to overlie the leading edges of thrust-bounded wedge tips advancing into the basins. Across the Seattle uplift, seismic lines image several shallow, short-wavelength folds exhibiting Quaternary or late Quaternary growth. From reflector truncation, several north-dipping thrust faults (splay thrusts) are inferred to core these shallow folds and to splay upward from a shallow roof thrust. Some of these shallow splay thrusts ruptured to the surface in the late Holocene. Ages from offset soils in trenches across the fault scarps and from abruptly raised shorelines indicate that the splay, roof, and floor thrusts of the Seattle and Tacoma faults ruptured about 1100 years ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/012003190","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Blakely, R.J., and Wells, R.E., 2004, Interpretation of the Seattle Uplift, Washington, as a passive-roof duplex: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 4, p. 1379-1401, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003190.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1379","endPage":"1401","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Seattle Uplift","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              46.95776134668866\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              46.95776134668866\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              47.779943470641264\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              47.779943470641264\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              46.95776134668866\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":149772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209547,"text":"70209547 - 2004 - Reply to discussion on “Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T16:17:22.596096","indexId":"70209547","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-23T11:13:24","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to discussion on “Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands”","docAbstract":"<p>Bradley and Leach (2003) focused on the tectonics of a subset of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead–zinc deposits. Age assignments followed those given in a review of MVT deposits worldwide (Leach et al. 2001)—a paper that provoked a discussion by Kesler and Carrigan (2002) and reply by Leach et al. (2002), similar to the present exchange. While the new discussion by Kesler et al. (2004) does address tectonic issues, it also continues the old debate about the pros and cons of Rb–Sr isotopic and paleomagnetic dating of MVT deposits. We address these dating techniques first.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-004-0420-5","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Leach, D.L., Symons, D., Emsbo, P., Premo, W.R., Breit, G.N., and Sangster, D.F., 2004, Reply to discussion on “Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands”: Mineralium Deposita, v. 39, p. 515-519, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-004-0420-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"519","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, David L.","contributorId":83902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Symons, David","contributorId":223985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Symons","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sangster, D. F.","contributorId":78889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sangster","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70184610,"text":"70184610 - 2004 - Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T13:01:15","indexId":"70184610","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The Bemidji aquifer in Minnesota, USA is a well-studied site of subsurface petroleum contamination. The site contains an anoxic groundwater plume where soluble petroleum constituents serve as an energy source for a region of methanogenesis near the source and bacterial Fe(III) reduction further down gradient. Methanogenesis apparently begins when bioavailable Fe(III) is exhausted within the sediment. Past studies indicate that <i>Geobacter</i> species and <i>Geothrix fermentens</i>-like organisms are the primary dissimilatory Fe-reducing bacteria at this site. The Fe mineralogy of the pristine aquifer sediments and samples from the methanogenic (source) and Fe(III) reducing zones were characterized in this study to identify microbiologic changes to Fe valence and mineral distribution, and to identify whether new biogenic mineral phases had formed. Methods applied included X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); and chemical extraction; optical, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy; and Mössbauer spectroscopy.</p><p id=\"\">All of the sediments were low in total Fe content (≈ 1%) and exhibited complex Fe-mineralogy. The bulk pristine sediment and its sand, silt, and clay-sized fractions were studied in detail. The pristine sediments contained Fe(II) and Fe(III) mineral phases. Ferrous iron represented approximately 50% of Fe<sub>TOT</sub>. The relative Fe(II) concentration increased in the sand fraction, and its primary mineralogic residence was clinochlore with minor concentrations found as a ferroan calcite grain cement in carbonate lithic fragments. Fe(III) existed in silicates (epidote, clinochlore, muscovite) and Fe(III) oxides of detrital and authigenic origin. The detrital Fe(III) oxides included hematite and goethite in the form of mm-sized nodular concretions and smaller-sized dispersed crystallites, and euhedral magnetite grains. Authigenic Fe(III) oxides increased in concentration with decreasing particle size through the silt and clay fraction. Chemical extraction and Mössbauer analysis indicated that this was a ferrihydrite like-phase. Quantitative mineralogic and Fe(II/III) ratio comparisons between the pristine and contaminated sediments were not possible because of textural differences. However, comparisons between the texturally-similar source (where bioavailable Fe(III) had been exhausted) and Fe(III) reducing zone sediments (where bioavailable Fe(III) remained) indicated that dispersed detrital, crystalline Fe(III) oxides and a portion of the authigenic, poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide fraction had been depleted from the source zone sediment by microbiologic activity. Little or no effect of microbiologic activity was observed on silicate Fe(III). The presence of residual “ferrihydrite” in the most bioreduced, anoxic plume sediment (source) implied that a portion of the authigenic Fe(III) oxides were biologically inaccessible in weathered, lithic fragment interiors. Little evidence was found for the modern biogenesis of authigenic ferrous-containing mineral phases, perhaps with the exception of thin siderite or ferroan calcite surface precipitates on carbonate lithic fragments within source zone sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.022","usgsCitation":"Zachara, J.M., Kukkadapu, R.K., Glassman, P.L., Dohnalkova, A., Fredrickson, J.K., and Anderson, T., 2004, Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 8, p. 1971-1805, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.022.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1805","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c941e4b0f37a93ee9b2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zachara, John M.","contributorId":7421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kukkadapu, Ravi K.","contributorId":188091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kukkadapu","given":"Ravi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glassman, Paul L.","contributorId":188092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glassman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohnalkova, Alice","contributorId":188093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dohnalkova","given":"Alice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredrickson, Jim K.","contributorId":188094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Todd","contributorId":19017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70184586,"text":"70184586 - 2004 - Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T07:54:58","indexId":"70184586","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Micrometeorological measurements of evapotranspiration (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ET</i><span>) often are affected to some degree by errors arising from limited fetch. A recently developed model was used to estimate fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ET</i><span> made at a small wetland with fetch-to-height ratios ranging from 34 to 49. Estimated errors were small, averaging −1.90%±0.59%. The small errors are attributed primarily to the near-zero lower sensor height, and the negative bias reflects the greater Bowen ratios of the drier surrounding upland. Some of the variables and parameters affecting the error were not measured, but instead are estimated. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the uncertainty arising from these estimates is small. In general, fetch-induced error in measured wetland </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ET</i><span> increases with decreasing fetch-to-height ratio, with increasing aridity and with increasing atmospheric stability over the wetland. Occurrence of standing water at a site is likely to increase the appropriate time step of data integration, for a given level of accuracy. Occurrence of extensive open water can increase accuracy or decrease the required fetch by allowing the lower sensor to be placed at the water surface. If fetch is highly variable and fetch-induced errors are significant, the variables affecting fetch (e.g., wind direction, water level) need to be measured. Fetch-induced error during the non-growing season may be greater or smaller than during the growing season, depending on how seasonal changes affect both the wetland and upland at a site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0498:EOFEIB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.L., Rosenberry, D.O., Winter, T.C., and Parkhurst, R.S., 2004, Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA: Wetlands, v. 24, no. 3, p. 498-513, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0498:EOFEIB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"498","endPage":"513","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"North Dakota","county":"Williams County","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.8882,48.6328],[-102.8871,48.5483],[-102.8847,48.3729],[-102.8297,48.3725],[-102.8291,48.1497],[-102.8289,48.1252],[-102.8371,48.1283],[-102.844,48.131],[-102.8529,48.1336],[-102.8597,48.1353],[-102.8645,48.1362],[-102.872,48.137],[-102.88,48.135],[-102.886,48.1316],[-102.8993,48.125],[-102.9067,48.1239],[-102.9195,48.1237],[-102.9264,48.1259],[-102.9429,48.1325],[-102.9525,48.136],[-102.9607,48.1377],[-102.9695,48.139],[-102.9823,48.1374],[-102.9944,48.1362],[-103.0106,48.1345],[-103.0248,48.1343],[-103.0478,48.1325],[-103.0559,48.1328],[-103.0714,48.132],[-103.0774,48.1287],[-103.0835,48.1281],[-103.0857,48.1332],[-103.0853,48.1401],[-103.0888,48.1437],[-103.0936,48.1455],[-103.1025,48.1467],[-103.1085,48.1461],[-103.1153,48.1451],[-103.1281,48.1434],[-103.1461,48.1385],[-103.1724,48.1366],[-103.1906,48.133],[-103.2067,48.13],[-103.2186,48.1237],[-103.2278,48.1175],[-103.233,48.1133],[-103.2423,48.1071],[-103.2481,48.1015],[-103.2526,48.0949],[-103.2531,48.0917],[-103.2502,48.0876],[-103.2427,48.0854],[-103.2352,48.0838],[-103.2311,48.0825],[-103.2274,48.0747],[-103.2305,48.0691],[-103.2357,48.0648],[-103.2404,48.0625],[-103.2688,48.0623],[-103.2754,48.059],[-103.2882,48.0421],[-103.3185,48.0406],[-103.3398,48.0333],[-103.3572,48.0301],[-103.3847,48.025],[-103.4183,48.0344],[-103.4265,48.0361],[-103.4385,48.0335],[-103.4437,48.0297],[-103.447,48.0274],[-103.453,48.0245],[-103.4648,48.0173],[-103.478,48.011],[-103.4847,48.0086],[-103.4934,48.007],[-103.5023,48.0091],[-103.5099,48.0145],[-103.5149,48.0194],[-103.5185,48.024],[-103.529,48.032],[-103.5338,48.0342],[-103.5379,48.0355],[-103.5513,48.0334],[-103.5602,48.0346],[-103.5711,48.0367],[-103.5815,48.0415],[-103.5858,48.0469],[-103.5848,48.0552],[-103.5816,48.059],[-103.5639,48.0695],[-103.5541,48.0771],[-103.5524,48.0836],[-103.5545,48.0859],[-103.5573,48.0877],[-103.5769,48.0882],[-103.5879,48.0921],[-103.5993,48.1033],[-103.607,48.1087],[-103.6052,48.1138],[-103.5967,48.1191],[-103.5901,48.1229],[-103.5897,48.128],[-103.5919,48.1316],[-103.5981,48.1338],[-103.6028,48.1342],[-103.6074,48.1299],[-103.6131,48.1233],[-103.6216,48.1171],[-103.6322,48.1118],[-103.645,48.1101],[-103.6588,48.1154],[-103.6698,48.1197],[-103.6753,48.1214],[-103.6814,48.1213],[-103.6908,48.1197],[-103.7113,48.1114],[-103.7166,48.1085],[-103.7212,48.1061],[-103.735,48.0975],[-103.7382,48.0933],[-103.7399,48.0877],[-103.7336,48.0818],[-103.7231,48.0747],[-103.714,48.0689],[-103.7117,48.0644],[-103.7141,48.0588],[-103.7293,48.0506],[-103.7359,48.0486],[-103.7506,48.045],[-103.7651,48.0498],[-103.7769,48.0559],[-103.7837,48.0581],[-103.7906,48.0588],[-103.7965,48.0573],[-103.801,48.0521],[-103.8032,48.0415],[-103.8015,48.0355],[-103.7965,48.0306],[-103.7937,48.0279],[-103.7921,48.0228],[-103.7924,48.0159],[-103.7935,48.0113],[-103.7946,48.0066],[-103.797,48.0001],[-103.8033,47.9912],[-103.8111,47.9841],[-103.821,47.9793],[-103.824,47.9787],[-103.8252,47.9783],[-103.8292,47.9804],[-103.8289,47.9896],[-103.8273,47.9954],[-103.8299,48.0008],[-103.8335,48.0038],[-103.8379,48.0066],[-103.8429,48.0097],[-103.8507,48.011],[-103.8522,48.0112],[-103.8564,48.0121],[-103.8618,48.0115],[-103.8642,48.0064],[-103.8641,48.0031],[-103.8604,47.9968],[-103.8602,47.9931],[-103.8599,47.9889],[-103.865,47.9824],[-103.8681,47.9777],[-103.8726,47.9725],[-103.8797,47.9664],[-103.8904,47.9633],[-103.899,47.9613],[-103.9097,47.9587],[-103.9191,47.9571],[-103.9297,47.9545],[-103.9339,47.9558],[-103.9368,47.9599],[-103.9406,47.9695],[-103.9465,47.9776],[-103.9507,47.9807],[-103.9563,47.9838],[-103.9618,47.986],[-103.9645,47.9869],[-103.9766,47.9861],[-103.9854,47.9849],[-103.9913,47.982],[-103.9923,47.9765],[-103.9947,47.97],[-103.9993,47.9675],[-104.0081,47.9678],[-104.0123,47.9718],[-104.017,47.9832],[-104.0214,47.9887],[-104.0277,47.9931],[-104.0311,47.9939],[-104.0352,47.9952],[-104.0407,47.996],[-104.0447,47.9973],[-104.0447,47.9979],[-104.0448,48.0005],[-104.0449,48.007],[-104.0466,48.3892],[-104.0468,48.4091],[-104.0478,48.6328],[-103.5382,48.6332],[-103.4093,48.6336],[-103.2777,48.6349],[-103.1699,48.6337],[-103.1481,48.6337],[-103.1263,48.6336],[-102.8882,48.6328]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Williams\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c941e4b0f37a93ee9b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David L.","contributorId":187991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkhurst, Renee S. rparkhur@usgs.gov","contributorId":4719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"Renee","email":"rparkhur@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":682131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70202325,"text":"70202325 - 2004 - Mars: Water, water everywhere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T09:33:33","indexId":"70202325","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-08T09:32:26","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars: Water, water everywhere","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mars is a very watery planet, but all the water seems to be frozen. Divining the amount and distribution of this water, past and present, is essential for understanding martian climates, and more.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature02482","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., 2004, Mars: Water, water everywhere: Nature, v. 428, p. 610-611, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02482.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"611","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"428","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178410,"text":"70178410 - 2004 - A new coccidian parasite, <i>Isospora samoaensis</i>, from the Wattled Honeyeater (<i>Foulehaio carunculata</i>) from American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:58:47","indexId":"70178410","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5228,"text":"Acta Protozoologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new coccidian parasite, <i>Isospora samoaensis</i>, from the Wattled Honeyeater (<i>Foulehaio carunculata</i>) from American Samoa","docAbstract":"<p>A new species of <i>Isospora</i> is described from the feces of the wattled honeyeater, <i>Foulehaio carunculata</i> from American Samoa. Numerous oocysts of similar morphology were found in a single adult wattled honeyeater. Sporulated oocysts are ovoid, 28.9 × 26.1 (25-32 × 23-30) µm, with a smooth, colorless, bilayered wall; the inner wall is slightly thicker and darker than the outer wall. The average shape index is 1.1. No micropyle or oocyst residuum are present but the oocyst contains one or two ovoid polar granules. Sporocysts are ovoid, 17.1 × 10.9 (16-18 × 10-11) µm with a smooth single layered wall and an average shape index of 1.6. The Stieda body is broad, dome-like with a rather rectangular-shaped substieda body. Within the sporocyst is a large amorphous residuum composed of coarse granules and 4 randomly arranged, sausage-shaped sporozoites with a subspherical, posterior refractile body and a centrally located nucleus.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology","publisherLocation":"Warsaw, Poland","usgsCitation":"Adamczyk, K.J., McQuistion, T.E., and LaPointe, D., 2004, A new coccidian parasite, <i>Isospora samoaensis</i>, from the Wattled Honeyeater (<i>Foulehaio carunculata</i>) from American Samoa: Acta Protozoologica, v. 43, p. 179-181.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"American Samoa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", 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J.","contributorId":176936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamczyk","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McQuistion, Thomas E.","contributorId":176937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McQuistion","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaPointe, Dennis dlapointe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPointe","given":"Dennis","email":"dlapointe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178648,"text":"70178648 - 2004 - Coping with mist-net capture-rate bias: Canopy height and several extrinsic factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:04:25","indexId":"70178648","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coping with mist-net capture-rate bias: Canopy height and several extrinsic factors","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many factors other than a species' actual abundance can affect mist-net capture rates. We used ANCOVA models to quantify some potential biases and control their effects, producing adjusted estimates of capture rates that are more directly comparable among mist-net stations. Data came from 46 two-day mist-net sessions from September 1990 to May 1992 at six subtropical forest stations in the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area, northwest Belize. Factors evaluated included canopy height at net sites, long-term net shyness (days elapsed between first and last netting day of the entire study period), season (wet vs. dry), total rainfall during a netting session, and temperature. Number of individuals and species captured/10 net-h declined at each net with increasing canopy height above the net. Capture rates differed significantly among some of the stations. Elapsed days and rainfall caused significant bias in capture rates, which were statistically controlled within the ANCOVA, whereas season and temperature did not. Capture rates varied among sessions, but there was a slight and significant decline over the entire study period for all stations combined. Rainfall significantly depressed capture rates somewhat on a daily basis, but capture rates did not differ between wet and dry seasons. When we replaced the station variable in the ANCOVA with mean canopy height, the model was still highly significant, but did not explain as much of the variation in capture rates. Statistical analysis provides an objective means of interpreting data and estimating reliability, but only if statistical assumptions of the analyses are met. We discuss the need for including randomization in the experimental design, standardizing netting protocol, and quantifying sources of bias in the field, before ANCOVA or other parametric statistical techniques can be used to partition effects of biases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Mallory, E.P., Brokaw, N.V., and Hess, S., 2004, Coping with mist-net capture-rate bias: Canopy height and several extrinsic factors: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 29, p. 151-160.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"160","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144e0e4b04fc80e5073b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallory, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":177126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallory","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brokaw, Nicholas V. L.","contributorId":177127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brokaw","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, Steven C. shess@usgs.gov","contributorId":150178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven C.","email":"shess@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006791,"text":"70006791 - 2004 - Transferability of tubifex limiting factor models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T14:21:42","indexId":"70006791","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T14:08:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Transferability of tubifex limiting factor models","docAbstract":"Dense populations of <i>T. tubifex</i> are generally associated with habitats dominated by fine sediments and enriched organic material (e.g. Krueger, 2002).  Management of whirling disease positive systems is entering a new phase where channel modifications are being implemented to reduce or isolate this type of habitat.  These management actions have the potential to cause new areas of sediment deposition.  Descriptions of sediment characteristics associated with high numbers of <i>T. tubifex</i> can help engineers design channel modifications that minimize situations where altered velocity distributions inadvertently create optimum worm habitat.  Ongoing studies in two Colorado Rivers with very different flow regimes and watershed characteristics provide preliminary evidence that a median sediment particle diameter greater than 1.4mm in conjunction with at least 30% (dry weight) of sediment with a diameter less than 0.3mm limits <i>T. tubifex</i> densities to approximately less than 10% of maximum densities.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 10th annual Whirling Disease Symposium: \"Whirling disease management: practicalities and realities\": Grand American Hotel, Savory Salon, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2-3, 2004","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Whirling Disease Foundation","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Terrell, J.W., and Milhous, R.T., 2004, Transferability of tubifex limiting factor models, <i>in</i> Proceedings 10th annual Whirling Disease Symposium: \"Whirling disease management: practicalities and realities\": Grand American Hotel, Savory Salon, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2-3, 2004, p. 52-53.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281505,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://whirlingdisease.montana.edu/research/symposium.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0024 ], [ -102.0416,41.0024 ], [ -102.0416,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd797ee4b0b2908510cdc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70164328,"text":"70164328 - 2004 - Do pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and other organic waste water compounds persist when waste water is used for recharge?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:52:58","indexId":"70164328","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and other organic waste water compounds persist when waste water is used for recharge?","docAbstract":"<p>A proof-of-concept experiment was devised to determine if pharmaceuticals and other organic waste water compounds (OWCs), as well as pathogens, found in treated effluent could be transported through a 2.4 m soil column and, thus, potentially reach ground water under recharge conditions similar to those in arid or semiarid climates. Treated effluent was applied at the top of the 2.4 m long, 32.5 cm diameter soil column over 23 days, Samples of the column inflow were collected from the effluent storage tank at the beginning (T<sub>begin</sub>) and end (T<sub>end</sub>) of the experiment, and a sample of the soil column drainage at the base of the column (B<sub>end</sub>) was collected at the end of the experiment. Samples were analyzed for 131 OWCs including veterinary and human antibiotics, other prescription and nonprescription drugs, widely used household and industrial chemicals, and steroids and reproductive hormones, as well as the pathogens <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Legionella</i>. Analytical results for the two effluent samples taken at the beginning (T<sub>begin</sub>) and end (T<sub>end</sub>) of the experiment indicate that the number of OWCs detected in the column inflow decreased by 25% (eight compounds) and the total concentration of OWCs decreased by 46% while the effluent was in the storage tank during the 23-day experiment. After percolating through the soil column, an additional 18 compounds detected in T<sub>end</sub> (67% of OWCs) were no longer detected in the effluent (B<sub>end</sub>) and the total concentration of OWCs decreased by more than 70%. These compounds may have been subject to transformation (biotic and abiotic), adsorption, and (or) volatilization in the storage tank and during travel through the soil column. Eight compounds&mdash;carbamazapine; sulfamethoxazole; benzophenone; 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole; N,N-diethyltoluamide; tributylphosphate; tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate; and cholesterol&mdash;were detected in all three samples indicating they have the potential to reach ground water under recharge conditions similar to those in arid and semiarid climates. Results from real-time polymerase chain reactions demonstrated the presence of <i>Legionella</i> in all three samples. <i>Salmonella</i> was detected only in T<sub>begin</sub>, suggesting that the bacteria died off in the effluent storage tank over the period of the experiment. This proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that, under recharge conditions similar to those in arid or semiarid climates, some pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and other OWCs can persist in treated effluent after soil-aquifer treatment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Publishing Company","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00713.x","usgsCitation":"Cordy, G.E., Duran, N.L., Bouwer, H., Rice, R.C., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., Meyer, M.T., Barber, L.B., and Kolpin, D.W., 2004, Do pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and other organic waste water compounds persist when waste water is used for recharge?: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 24, no. 2, p. 58-69, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00713.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fc5e4b010e2af2a5d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordy, Gail E.","contributorId":94296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordy","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duran, Norma L.","contributorId":156250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duran","given":"Norma","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouwer, Herman","contributorId":21537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouwer","given":"Herman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Robert C.","contributorId":156251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":597042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":54126,"text":"ofr20041080 - 2004 - Sediment grain-size and loss-on-ignition analyses from 2002 Englebright Lake coring and sampling campaigns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-10T06:32:14","indexId":"ofr20041080","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1080","displayTitle":"Sediment Grain-Size and Loss-on-Ignition Analyses from 2002 Englebright Lake Coring and Sampling Campaigns","title":"Sediment grain-size and loss-on-ignition analyses from 2002 Englebright Lake coring and sampling campaigns","docAbstract":"This report presents sedimentologic data from three 2002 sampling campaigns conducted in Englebright Lake on the Yuba River in northern California. This work was done to assess the properties of the material deposited in the reservoir between completion of Englebright Dam in 1940 and 2002, as part of the Upper Yuba River Studies Program. Included are the results of grain-size-distribution and loss-on-ignition analyses for 561 samples, as well as an error analysis based on replicate pairs of subsamples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041080","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Allen, J., Dare, C., Hampton, M.A., Schneider, G., Wooley, R.J., Alpers, C.N., and Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., 2004, Sediment grain-size and loss-on-ignition analyses from 2002 Englebright Lake coring and sampling campaigns (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1080, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041080.","productDescription":"46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Englebright Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.27121,39.24487 ], [ -121.27121,39.29387 ], [ -121.21188,39.29387 ], [ -121.21188,39.24487 ], [ -121.27121,39.24487 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Noah P.","contributorId":43848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Noah P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, James R.","contributorId":51840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dare, Carlin","contributorId":18840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dare","given":"Carlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hampton, Margaret A.","contributorId":13688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneider, Gary","contributorId":27544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooley, Ryan J.","contributorId":43849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooley","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":53855,"text":"ofr20041076 - 2004 - River gain and loss studies for the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T12:38:05","indexId":"ofr20041076","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1076","title":"River gain and loss studies for the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Dakota Water Resources Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 2000 authorized the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a comprehensive study of future water-quantity and -quality needs of the Red River of the North (Red River) Basin in North Dakota and of possible options to meet those water needs.&nbsp; To obtain the river gain and loss information needed to properly account for available streamflow within the basin, available river gain and loss studies for the Sheyenne, Turtle, Forest, and Park Rivers in North Dakota and the Wild Rice, Sand Hill, Clearwater, South Branch Buffalo, and Otter Tail Rivers in Minnesota were reviewed.&nbsp; Ground-water discharges for the Sheyenne River in a reach between Lisbon and Kindred, N. Dak., were about 28.8 cubic feet per second in 1963 and about 45.0 cubic feet per second in 1986.&nbsp; Estimated monthly net evaporation losses for additional flows to the Sheyenne River from the Missouri River ranged from 1.4 cubic feet per second in 1963 to 51.0 cubic feet per second in 1976.&nbsp; Maximum water losses for a reach between Harvey and West Fargo, N. Dak., for 1956-96 ranged from about 161 cubic feet per second for 1976 to about 248 cubic feet per second for 1977.&nbsp; Streamflow gains of 1 to 1.5 cubic feet per second per mile were estimated for the Wild Rice, Sand Hill, and Clearwater Rivers in Minnesota.&nbsp; The average ground-water discharge for a 5.2-mile reach of the Otter Tail River in Minnesota was about 14.1 cubic feet per second in August 1994.&nbsp; The same reach lost about 14.1 cubic feet per second between February 1994 and June 1994 and about 21.2 cubic feet per second between August 1994 and August 1995.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041076","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, T., 2004, River gain and loss studies for the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1076, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041076.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db600450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara 0000-0001-6515-9416 tjsether@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-9416","contributorId":152247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","email":"tjsether@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53437,"text":"wri034307 - 2004 - Hydrogeologic characteristics of four public drinking-water supply springs in northern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"wri034307","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4307","title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of four public drinking-water supply springs in northern Arkansas","docAbstract":"In October 2000, a study was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Health to determine the hydrogeologic characteristics, including the extent of the recharge areas, for Hughes Spring, Stark Spring, Evening Shade Spring, and Roaring Spring, which are used for public-water supply in northern Arkansas. Information pertaining to each spring can be used to enable development of effective management plans to protect these water resources and public health. \r\n\r\nAn integrated approach to determine the ground-water characteristics and the extent of the local recharge areas of the four springs incorporated tools and methods of hydrology, structural geology, geomorphology, geophysics, and geochemistry. Analyses of discharge, temperature, and water quality were completed to describe ground-water flow characteristics, source-water characteristics, and connectivity of the ground-water system with surface runoff. Water-level contour maps were constructed to determine ground-water flow directions and ground-water tracer tests were conducted to determine the extent of the recharge areas and ground-water flow velocities. \r\n\r\nHughes Spring supplies water for the city of Marshall, Arkansas, and the surrounding area. The mean annual discharge for Hughes Spring was 2.9 and 5.2 cubic feet per second for water years 2001 and 2002, respectively. Recharge to the spring occurs mainly from the Boone Formation (Springfield Plateau aquifer). Ground-water tracer tests indicate the recharge area for Hughes Spring generally coincides with the surface drainage area (15.8 square miles) and that Hughes Spring is connected directly to the surface flow in Brush Creek. \r\n\r\nThe geochemistry of Hughes Spring demonstrated variations with flow conditions and the influence of surface-runoff in the recharge area. Calcite saturation indices, total dissolved solids concentrations, and hardness demonstrate noticeable differences with flow conditions reflecting the reduced residence time and interaction of water with the source rock within the ground-water system at higher discharges for Hughes Spring. Concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria also demonstrated a substantial increase during high-flow conditions, suggesting that a non-point source of bacteria possibly from livestock may enter the system. Conversely, nutrient concentrations did not vary with flow and were similar to concentrations reported for undeveloped sites in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers in northern Arkansas and southern Missouri. Deuterium and oxygen-18 data show that the Hughes Spring discharge is representative of direct precipitation and not influenced by water enriched in oxygen-18 through evaporation. Discharge data show that Hughes Spring is dominated by conduit type ground-water flow, but a considerable component of diffuse flow also exists in the ground-water system. Carbon-13 data indicate a substantial component of the recharge water interacts with the surface material (soil and regolith) in the recharge area before entering the ground-water system for Hughes Spring. Tritium data for Hughes Spring indicate that the discharge water is a mixture of recent recharge and sub-modern water (recharged prior to 1952). \r\n\r\nStark Spring supplies water for the city of Cushman, Arkansas, and the surrounding area. 2 Hydrogeologic Characteristics of Four Public Drinking-Water Supply Springs in Northern Arkansas The mean annual discharge for Stark Spring was 0.5 and 1.5 cubic feet per second for water years 2001 and 2002, respectively. The discharge and water-quality data show the ground-water system for Stark Spring is dominated by rapid recharge from surface runoff and mainly consists of a conduit- type flow system with little diffuse-type flow. Analyses of discharge data show that the estimated recharge area (0.79 square mile) is larger than the surface drainage area (0.34 square mile). Ground-water tracer tests and the outcrop of the ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034307","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., 2004, Hydrogeologic characteristics of four public drinking-water supply springs in northern Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4307, 68 p., 36 figs., and 14 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034307.","productDescription":"68 p., 36 figs., and 14 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5259,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54125,"text":"ofr20041061 - 2004 - Report on the May-June 2002 Englebright Lake deep coring campaign","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T18:14:27.637493","indexId":"ofr20041061","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1061","title":"Report on the May-June 2002 Englebright Lake deep coring campaign","docAbstract":"This report describes the May-June 2002 Englebright Lake coring project. Englebright Lake is a 14- km-long reservoir on the Yuba River of northern California, impounded by Englebright Dam, which was completed in 1940. The sediments were cored to assess the current conditions in the reservoir as part of the California Bay-Delta Authority?s Upper Yuba River Studies Program. Sediment was collected using both hydraulic-piston and rotational coring equipment mounted on a floating drilling platform. Thirty boreholes were attempted at 7 sites spaced along the longitudinal axis of the reservoir. Complete sedimentary sections were recovered from 20 boreholes at 6 sites. In total, 335 m of sediment was cored, with 86% average recovery. The core sections (each up to 1.5 m long) were processed using a standard set of laboratory techniques, including geophysical logging of physical properties, splitting, visual descriptions, digital photography, and initial subsampling. This report presents the results of these analyses in a series of stratigraphic columns. Using the observed stratigraphy as a guide, several series of subsamples were collected for various sedimentologic, geochemical, and geochronological analyses. The results of laboratory analyses of most of these subsamples will be presented in future reports and articles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041061","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Alpers, C.N., Flint, L.E., Curtins, J.A., Hampton, M.A., Haskell, B.J., and Nielson, D.L., 2004, Report on the May-June 2002 Englebright Lake deep coring campaign (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1061, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041061.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403847,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_65885.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Engelbright Lake, Yuba River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.2832260131836,\n              39.235976117336556\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.201171875,\n              39.235976117336556\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.201171875,\n              39.298705113102244\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2832260131836,\n              39.298705113102244\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2832260131836,\n              39.235976117336556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f2fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Noah P.","contributorId":43848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Noah P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtins, Jennifer A.","contributorId":12916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtins","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hampton, Margaret A.","contributorId":13688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haskell, Brian J.","contributorId":11690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nielson, Dennis L.","contributorId":38220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":54127,"text":"ofr20041081 - 2004 - Predicted seafloor facies of Central Santa Monica Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20041081","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1081","title":"Predicted seafloor facies of Central Santa Monica Bay, California","docAbstract":"Summary -- Mapping surficial seafloor facies (sand, silt, muddy sand, rock, etc.) should be the first step in marine geological studies and is crucial when modeling sediment processes, pollution transport, deciphering tectonics, and defining benthic habitats. This report outlines an empirical technique that predicts the distribution of seafloor facies for a large area offshore Los Angeles, CA using high-resolution bathymetry and co-registered, calibrated backscatter from multibeam echosounders (MBES) correlated to ground-truth sediment samples. The technique uses a series of procedures that involve supervised classification and a hierarchical decision tree classification that are now available in advanced image-analysis software packages. Derivative variance images of both bathymetry and acoustic backscatter are calculated from the MBES data and then used in a hierarchical decision-tree framework to classify the MBES data into areas of rock, gravelly muddy sand, muddy sand, and mud. A quantitative accuracy assessment on the classification results is performed using ground-truth sediment samples. The predicted facies map is also ground-truthed using seafloor photographs and high-resolution sub-bottom seismic-reflection profiles.\r\n\r\nThis Open-File Report contains the predicted seafloor facies map as a georeferenced TIFF image along with the multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data used in the study as well as an explanation of the empirical classification process.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041081","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., and Gardner, J.V., 2004, Predicted seafloor facies of Central Santa Monica Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1081, dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041081.","productDescription":"dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5574,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54128,"text":"ofr20041094 - 2004 - Map showing fossil localities of the Rattlesnake Creek, western and eastern Hayfork, and North Fork Terranes of the Klamath Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T21:43:46.824904","indexId":"ofr20041094","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1094","title":"Map showing fossil localities of the Rattlesnake Creek, western and eastern Hayfork, and North Fork Terranes of the Klamath Mountains","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041094","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., and Blome, C.D., 2004, Map showing fossil localities of the Rattlesnake Creek, western and eastern Hayfork, and North Fork Terranes of the Klamath Mountains (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1094, Report: 50 p.; Map: 22.00 × 32.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041094.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; Map: 22.00 × 32.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110516,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68867.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68867"},{"id":5575,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124,\n              40.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8333,\n              40.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8333,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              40.1667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53953,"text":"ofr20041086 - 2004 - Catalog of significant historical earthquakes in the Central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20041086","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1086","title":"Catalog of significant historical earthquakes in the Central United States","docAbstract":"We use Modified Mercalli intensity assignments to estimate source locations and moment magnitude M for eighteen 19th-century and twenty early- 20th-century earthquakes in the central United States (CUS) for which estimates of M are otherwise not available. We use these estimates, and locations and M estimated elsewhere, to compile a catelog of significant historical earthquakes in the CUS. The 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes apparently dominated CUS seismicity in the first two decades of the 19th century. M5-6 earthquakes occurred in the New Madrid Seismic Zone in 1843 and 1878, but none have occurred since 1878. There has been persistent seismic activity in the Illinois Basin in southern Illinois and Indiana, with M > 5.0 earthquakes in 1895, 1909, 1917, 1968, and 1987. Four other M > 5.0 CUS historical earthquakes have occurred: in Kansas in 1867, in Nebraska in 1877, in Oklahoma in 1882, and in Kentucky in 1980.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041086","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., and Hopper, M.G., 2004, Catalog of significant historical earthquakes in the Central United States (Version 1.2): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1086, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041086.","productDescription":"142 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4866,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopper, M. G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53798,"text":"fs20043017 - 2004 - High-Resolution Imaging within the Urban Environment -- \"What's beneath our streets\"!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:45","indexId":"fs20043017","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3017","title":"High-Resolution Imaging within the Urban Environment -- \"What's beneath our streets\"!","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043017","usgsCitation":"Odum, J., Williams, R., Stephenson, W.J., and Worley, D.M., 2004, High-Resolution Imaging within the Urban Environment -- \"What's beneath our streets\"! (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3017, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043017.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3017.bmp"},{"id":5182,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fcab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worley, David M. worley@usgs.gov","contributorId":947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"David","email":"worley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}