A base-wide assessment of surface-water quality at the U.S. Army Atterbury Reserve Forces Training Area near Edinburgh, Indiana, examined short-term and long-term quality of surface water flowing into, across, and out of a 33,760-acre study area. The 30-day geometric-mean concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli) in water samples from all 16 monitoring sites on streams in the study area were greater than the Indiana recreational water-quality standard. None of the bacteria concentrations in samples from four lakes exceeded the standard. Half the samples with bacteria concentrations greater than the single-sample standard contained chemical tracers potentially associated with human sewage. Increased turbidity of water samples was related statistically to increased bacteria concentration. Lead concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 micrograms per liter were detected in water samples at seven monitoring sites. Lead in one sample collected during high-streamflow conditions was greater than the calculated Indiana water-quality standard. With the exception of Escherichia coli and lead, 211 of 213 chemical constituents analyzed in water samples did not exceed Indiana water-quality standards. Out of 131 constituents analyzed in streambed-sediment and fish-tissue samples from three sites in the Common Impact Area for weapons training, the largest concentrations overall were detected for copper, lead, manganese, strontium, and zinc. Fish-community integrity, based on diversity and pollution tolerance, was rated poor at one of those three sites. Compared with State criteria, the fish-community data indicated 8 of 10 stream reaches in the study area could be categorized as \"fully supporting\" aquatic-life uses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri034149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Army National Guard","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., 2004, Chemical and biological quality of surface water at the U.S. Army Atterbury Reserve Forces Training Area near Edinburgh, Indiana, September 2000 through July 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4149, 87 p., 18 figs., 26 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034149.","productDescription":"87 p., 18 figs., 26 tables","startPage":"1","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2003_4149.jpg"},{"id":5142,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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The significance of this pathway depends primarily on the distribution of immiscible product within the unsaturated zone and the relative magnitude of aqueous-phase advection (ground water recharge) to gaseous-phase diffusion. At a gasoline spill site in Laurel Bay, South Carolina, rates of MTBE volatilization from ground water downgradient from the source are estimated by analyzing the distribution of MTBE in the unsaturated zone above a solute plume. Volatilization rates of MTBE from ground water determined by transport modeling ranged from 0.0020 to 0.0042 g m-2/year, depending on the assumed rate of ground water recharge. Although diffusive conditions at the Laurel Bay site are favorable for volatilization, mass loss of MTBE is insignificant over the length (230 m) of the solute plume. Based on this analysis, significant volatilization of MTBE from ground water downgradient from source areas at other sites is not likely. In contrast, model results indicate that volatilization coupled with diffusion to the atmosphere could be a significant mass loss pathway for MTBE in source areas where residual product resides above the capillary zone. Although not documented, mass loss of MTBE at the Laurel Bay site due to volatilization and diffusion to the atmosphere are predicted to be two to three times greater than mass loading of MTBE to ground water due to dissolution and recharge. This result would imply that volatilization in the source zone may be the critical natural attenuation pathway for MTBE at gasoline spill sites, especially when considering capillary zone limitations on volatilization of MTBE from ground water and the relative recalcitrance of MTBE to biodegradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02672.x","usgsCitation":"Lahvis, M.A., Baehr, A.L., and Baker, R.J., 2004, Evaluation of volatilization as a natural attenuation pathway for MTBE: Groundwater, v. 42, no. 2, p. 258-267, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02672.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"258","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c942e4b0f37a93ee9b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lahvis, Matthew A.","contributorId":104522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahvis","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156284,"text":"70156284 - 2004 - Gross primary productivity of the true steppe in central Asia in relation to NDVI: scaling up CO2 fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T15:57:40","indexId":"70156284","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gross primary productivity of the true steppe in central Asia in relation to NDVI: scaling up CO2 fluxes","docAbstract":"Compared to other characteristics of CO2 exchange, gross primary productivity (P g ) is most directly related to photosynthetic activity. Until recently, it was considered difficult to obtain measurement-based P g . The objective of our study was to evaluate if P g can be estimated from continuous CO2 flux measurements using nonlinear identification of the nonrectangular hyperbolic model of ecosystem-scale, light-response curves. Estimates of P g and ecosystem respiration (R e ) were obtained using Bowen ratio– energy-balance measurements of CO2 exchange in a true-steppe ecosystem in northern Kazakhstan during four growing seasons (1998–2001). The maximum mean weekly apparent quantum yield (αmax) was 0.0388 mol CO2 mol photons and the maximum mean weekly P g was 28 g CO2/m2/day in July 2000. The highest mean weekly R e max (20 g CO2m2/day) was observed in July of both 1999 and 2000. Nighttime respiration calculated from daily respiration corrected for length of the dark period and temperature (using Q 10 = 2) was closely associated with measured nighttime respiration (R 2 = 0.67 to 0.93). The 4-year average annual gross primary production (GPP) was 1617 g CO2/m2/ year (range = 1308–1957). Ten-day normalized difference vegetation index corrected for the start of the season (NDVIsos) was closely associated with 10-day average P g (R 2 = 0.66 to 0.83), which was higher than R 2 values for regressions of mean 10-day net daytime fluxes on NDVIsos (0.55–0.72). This demonstrates the advantage of usingP g in scaling up flux-tower measurements compared to other characteristics (net daytime flux or net 24-h flux).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-9157-7","usgsCitation":"Gilmanov, T.G., Johnson, D.A., Saliendra, N.Z., Akshalov, K., and Wylie, B.K., 2004, Gross primary productivity of the true steppe in central Asia in relation to NDVI: scaling up CO2 fluxes: Environmental Management, v. 33, no. 1, p. 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2004 - Geology and Indoor Radon in Schools of the Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District, Palos Verdes Peninsula, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:49:43","indexId":"ofr20041050","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1050","title":"Geology and Indoor Radon in Schools of the Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District, Palos Verdes Peninsula, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041050","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., Fukumoto, L.E., Fukumoto, J.M., and Snyder, S.L., 2004, Geology and Indoor Radon in Schools of the Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District, Palos Verdes Peninsula, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1050, online report, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041050.","productDescription":"online report","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4999,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fukumoto, Lauren E.","contributorId":100468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fukumoto","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fukumoto, Joseph M.","contributorId":28661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fukumoto","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Stephen L. ssnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Stephen","email":"ssnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170822,"text":"70170822 - 2004 - Photosynthesis and fluctuating asymmetry as indicators of plant response to soil disturbance in the Fall-Line Sandhills of Georgia: a case study using Rhus copallinum and Ipomoea pandurata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T14:44:00","indexId":"70170822","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2065,"text":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photosynthesis and fluctuating asymmetry as indicators of plant response to soil disturbance in the Fall-Line Sandhills of Georgia: a case study using Rhus copallinum and Ipomoea pandurata","docAbstract":"We examined net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and leaf fluctuating asymmetry on two species (Rhus copallinum and Ipomoea pandurata) as indicators of stress at nine sites across a gradient of soil disturbance at Fort Benning, Georgia. There were three sites for each of three disturbance levels. Physical habitat disturbance was caused by activities associated with infantry training, including mechanized elements (tanks and personnel carriers) and foot soldiers. In addition, we examined the influence of prescribed burns and microhabitat effects (within meter‐square quadrats centered about the plant) on these measures of plant stress. Net photosynthesis declined with increasing disturbance in the absence of burning for both species. However, when sites were burned the previous year, net photosynthesis increased with increasing disturbance. Developmental instability in Rhus, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry, also declined with increasing disturbance in the absence of burning but increased with disturbance if sites were burned the previous year. Developmental instability was much less sensitive to burning in Ipomoea and in general was lowest at intermediate disturbance sites. Microenvironmental and microhabitat effects were weakly correlated with measures of plant stress when all sites were combined. However, higher correlations were obtained within site categories, especially when the recent history of prescribed burning was used as a category. Finally, using all of the combined data in a discriminant function analysis allowed us to correctly predict the disturbance level of more than 80% of the plants. Plant stress is responsive to both large‐scale perturbations, such as burning, and microhabitat parameters. Because of this, it is important to include macro‐ and microhabitat parameters when assessing stress. Similarly, we found a combination of developmental and physiological indicators of stress was superior to using them separately.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/421478","usgsCitation":"Freeman, D.C., Brown, M.L., Duda, J.J., Graham, J.H., Emlen, J.M., Krzysik, A.J., Balbach, H.E., Kovacic, D.A., and Zak, J.C., 2004, Photosynthesis and fluctuating asymmetry as indicators of plant response to soil disturbance in the Fall-Line Sandhills of Georgia: a case study using Rhus copallinum and Ipomoea pandurata: International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 165, no. 5, p. 805-816, https://doi.org/10.1086/421478.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"816","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb8e4b0b13d3919a3b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, D. 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The trihalomethane formation potential is measured by dosing samples with chlorine under specified conditions of pH, temperature, incubation time, darkness, and residual-free chlorine, and then analyzing the resulting trihalomethanes by purge and trap/gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. Detailed explanations of the method and quality-control practices are provided. Method validation experiments showed that the trihalomethane formation potential varies as a function of time between sample collection and analysis, residual-free chlorine concentration, method of sample dilution, and the concentration of bromide in the sample.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045003","usgsCitation":"Crepeau, K.L., Fram, M.S., and Bush, N., 2004, Method of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey California District Sacramento Laboratory?Determination of Trihalomethane Formation Potential, Method Validation, and Quality-Control Practices (ONLINE ONLY): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5003, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045003.","productDescription":"33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"ONLINE ONLY","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crepeau, Kathryn L. kcrepeau@usgs.gov","contributorId":3943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crepeau","given":"Kathryn","email":"kcrepeau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Noel","contributorId":24227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Noel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53444,"text":"ofr20041026 - 2004 - Chemistry of Stream Sediments and Surface Waters in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:23:43","indexId":"ofr20041026","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1026","title":"Chemistry of Stream Sediments and Surface Waters in New England","docAbstract":"Summary -- This online publication portrays regional data for pH, alkalinity, and specific conductance for stream waters and a multi-element geochemical dataset for stream sediments collected in the New England states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. A series of interpolation grid maps portray the chemistry of the stream waters and sediments in relation to bedrock geology, lithology, drainage basins, and urban areas. A series of box plots portray the statistical variation of the chemical data grouped by lithology and other features.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041026","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.R., Kapo, K.E., and Grossman, J.N., 2004, Chemistry of Stream Sediments and Surface Waters in New England (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1026, online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041026.","productDescription":"online only","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1026","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b69e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapo, Katherine E.","contributorId":59867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapo","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grossman, Jeffrey N. 0000-0001-9099-9628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-9628","contributorId":37317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53440,"text":"ofr20041016 - 2004 - ICDP-USGS workshop on deep drilling in the central Crater of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA: Proceedings volume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T21:31:43.021459","indexId":"ofr20041016","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1016","title":"ICDP-USGS workshop on deep drilling in the central Crater of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA: Proceedings volume","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041016","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., Horton, J., and Gohn, G., 2004, ICDP-USGS workshop on deep drilling in the central Crater of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA: Proceedings volume (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1016, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041016.","productDescription":"85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402344,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62981.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5262,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay impact structure","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.33026123046874,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -75.98831176757812,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -75.98831176757812,\n 37.304644804751106\n ],\n [\n -76.33026123046874,\n 37.304644804751106\n ],\n [\n -76.33026123046874,\n 36.94989178681327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb86f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory S.","contributorId":50155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53678,"text":"ofr20041044 - 2004 - Coastal classification atlas: Eastern panhandle of Florida coastal classification maps— Lighthouse Point to St. Andrew Bay entrance channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T23:00:27.576538","indexId":"ofr20041044","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1044","title":"Coastal classification atlas: Eastern panhandle of Florida coastal classification maps— Lighthouse Point to St. Andrew Bay entrance channel","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041044","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., and Peterson, R.L., 2004, Coastal classification atlas: Eastern panhandle of Florida coastal classification maps— Lighthouse Point to St. Andrew Bay entrance channel: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1044, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041044.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4997,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391498,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_63323.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.7408,\n 29.5872\n ],\n [\n -84.3333,\n 29.5872\n ],\n [\n -84.3333,\n 30.12\n ],\n [\n -85.7408,\n 30.12\n ],\n [\n -85.7408,\n 29.5872\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6285d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Russell L.","contributorId":55045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53751,"text":"ofr20041002 - 2004 - Content Metadata Standards for Marine Science: A Case Study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-22T14:13:38","indexId":"ofr20041002","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1002","title":"Content Metadata Standards for Marine Science: A Case Study","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey developed a content metadata standard to meet the demands of organizing electronic resources in the marine sciences for a broad, heterogeneous audience. These metadata standards are used by the Marine Realms Information Bank project, a Web-based public distributed library of marine science from academic institutions and government agencies. The development and deployment of this metadata standard serve as a model, complete with lessons about mistakes, for the creation of similarly specialized metadata standards for digital libraries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041002","usgsCitation":"Riall, R.L., Marincioni, F., and Lightsom, F.L., 2004, Content Metadata Standards for Marine Science: A Case Study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1002, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041002.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5152,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riall, Rebecca L.","contributorId":42655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riall","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marincioni, Fausto","contributorId":53879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marincioni","given":"Fausto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53755,"text":"ofr20041038 - 2004 - Inventory of Significant Mineral Deposit Occurrences in the Headwaters Project Area in Idaho, Western Montana, and Extreme Eastern Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr20041038","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1038","title":"Inventory of Significant Mineral Deposit Occurrences in the Headwaters Project Area in Idaho, Western Montana, and Extreme Eastern Oregon and Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041038","usgsCitation":"Spanski, G.T., 2004, Inventory of Significant Mineral Deposit Occurrences in the Headwaters Project Area in Idaho, Western Montana, and Extreme Eastern Oregon and Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1038, 13 p. + database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041038.","productDescription":"13 p. + database","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c6a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spanski, Gregory T.","contributorId":43806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53750,"text":"ofr03474 - 2004 - Cruise Report for G1-03-GM, USGS Gas Hydrates Cruise, R/V Gyre, 1-14 May 2003, Northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr03474","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-474","title":"Cruise Report for G1-03-GM, USGS Gas Hydrates Cruise, R/V Gyre, 1-14 May 2003, Northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This report gives a summary of the field program and instrumentation used on the R/V Gyre in the Gulf of Mexico in May, 2003, to collect multichannel seismic data in support of USGS and Department of Energy gas hydrate studies. Tabulated statistics, metadata, figures and maps are included to show the breadth of data collected and preliminary interpretations made during the field program. Geophysical data collected during this cruise will be released in a separate report.\r\n\r\nAt the start of the cruise, three test lines were run to compare different source configurations in order to optimize data quality for the objectives of the cruise. The source chosen was the 13/13 in3 Generator-Injector (GI) Gun. Following these tests, a total of 101 lines (approximately 1033 km) of 24-channel high-resolution seismic reflection data were collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico. 59 lines (about 600 km) were collected in and around lease block Keathley Canyon 195. An additional 4 lines (85 km) provided a seismic tie between the Keathley Canyon data and USGS multichannel data collected in 1999. About 253 km of data were collected along 35 short lines in and around lease block Atwater Valley 14 on the floor of the Mississippi Canyon. Three lines (53 km) completed the cruise and provided a seismic tie to USGS multichannel data collected in 1998.\r\n\r\nTwo on-board trained marine-mammal observers fulfilled the requirements determined by NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service to avoid incidental harassment of marine mammals as established in the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). A total of three species of dolphins were observed during the cruise and one basking shark. No sperm whales were sighted. During the cruise, seismic operations were not delayed or terminated because of marine mammal activity.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03474","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., and Hart, P.E., 2004, Cruise Report for G1-03-GM, USGS Gas Hydrates Cruise, R/V Gyre, 1-14 May 2003, Northern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-474, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03474.","productDescription":"103 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-474/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53399,"text":"pp1684 - 2004 - Geochemistry and Geochronology of Middle Tertiary Volcanic Rocks of the Central Chiricahua Mountains, Southeast Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"pp1684","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1684","title":"Geochemistry and Geochronology of Middle Tertiary Volcanic Rocks of the Central Chiricahua Mountains, Southeast Arizona","docAbstract":"Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks of the central Chiricahua Mountains in southeast Arizona are the westernmost constituents of the Eocene-Oligocene Boot Heel volcanic field of southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. About two dozen volumetric ally and stratigraphically significant volcanic units are present in this area. These include large-volume, regionally distributed ash-flow tuffs and smaller volume, locally distributed lava flows. The most voluminous of these units is the Rhyolite Canyon Tuff, which erupted 26.9 million years ago from the Turkey Creek caldera in the central Chiricahua Mountains. The Rhyolite Canyon Tuff consists of 500-1,000 cubic kilometers of rhyolite that was erupted from a normally zoned reservoir. The tuff represents sequential eruptions, which became systematically less geochemically evolved with time, from progressively deeper levels of the source reservoir. Like the Rhyolite Canyon Tuff, other ashflow tuffs preserved in the central Chiricahua Mountains have equivalents in nearby, though isolated mountain ranges. However, correlation of these other tuffs, from range to range, has been hindered by stratigraphic discontinuity, structural complexity, and various lithologic similarities and ambiguities. New geochemical and geochronologic data presented here enable correlation of these units between their occurrences in the central Chiricahua Mountains and the remainder of the Boot Heel volcanic field. \r\n\r\nVolcanic rocks in the central Chiricahua Mountains are composed dominantly of weakly peraluminous, high-silica rhyolite welded tuff and rhyolite lavas of the high-potassium and shoshonitic series. Trace-element, and to a lesser extent, major-oxide abundances are distinct for most of the units studied. Geochemical and geochronologic data depict a time and spatial transgression from subduction to within-plate and extensional tectonic settings. Compositions of the lavas tend to be relatively homogeneous within particular units. In contrast, compositions of the ash-flow tuffs, including the Rhyolite Canyon Tuff, vary significantly owing to eruption from compositionally zoned reservoirs. Reservoir zonation is consistent with fractional crystallization of observed phenocryst phases and resulting residual liquid compositional evolution. Rhyolite lavas preserved in the moat of the Turkey Creek caldera depict compositional zonation that is the reverse of that expected of magma extraction from progressively deeper parts of a normally zoned reservoir. Presuming that the source reservoir was sequentially tapped from its top downward, development of reverse zonation in the rhyolite lava sequence may indicate that later erupted, more evolved magma contains systematically less wallrock contamination derived from the geochemically primitive margins of its incompletely mixed reservoir. \r\n\r\nNew 40Ar/39Ar geochronology data indicate that the principal middle Tertiary volcanic rocks in the central Chiricahua Mountains were erupted between about 34.2 and 26.2 Ma, and that the 5.2 m.y. period between 33.3 and 28.1 Ma was amagmatic. The initial phase of eruptive activity in the central Chiricahua Mountains, between 34.2 and 33.3 Ma, was associated with a regional tectonic regime dominated by subduction along the west edge of North America. We infer that the magmatic hiatus, nearly simultaneous with a hiatus of similar duration in parts of the Boot Heel volcanic field east of the central Chiricahua Mountains, is related to a period of more rapid convergence and therefore shallower subduction that may have displaced subduction-related magmatic activity to a position east of the present-day Boot Heel volcanic field. The hiatus also coincides with a major plate tectonic reorganization along the west edge of North America that resulted in cessation of subduction and initiation of transform faulting along the San Andreas fault. The final period of magmatism in the central Chiricahua Mountains, between 28.1 and 23.2 Ma, ap","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1684","isbn":"0607955597","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., Pallister, J.S., and Snee, L., 2004, Geochemistry and Geochronology of Middle Tertiary Volcanic Rocks of the Central Chiricahua Mountains, Southeast Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1684, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1684.","productDescription":"57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1684/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1684/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab79d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53749,"text":"ofr0319 - 2004 - Mineral Commodity Profiles: Antimony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr0319","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-19","title":"Mineral Commodity Profiles: Antimony","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0319","usgsCitation":"Butterman, W., and Carlin, J., 2004, Mineral Commodity Profiles: Antimony: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-19, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0319.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5150,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butterman, W. C.","contributorId":13679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butterman","given":"W. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlin, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":8166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlin","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53396,"text":"ofr20041075 - 2004 - Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T21:24:25.958608","indexId":"ofr20041075","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1075","title":"Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Knoxville 1°x 2° quadrangle spans the Southern Blue Ridge physiographic province at its widest point from eastern Tennessee across western North Carolina to the northwest corner of South Carolina. The quadrangle also contains small parts of the Valley and Ridge province in Tennessee and the Piedmont province in North and South Carolina. Bedrock in the Valley and Ridge consists of unmetamorphosed, folded and thrust-faulted Paleozoic miogeoclinal sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Mississippian. The Blue Ridge is a complex of stacked thrust sheets divided into three parts: (1) a west flank underlain by rocks of the Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian Chilhowee Group and slightly metamorphosed Late Proterozoic Ocoee Supergroup west of the Greenbrier fault; (2) a central part containing crystalline basement of Middle Proterozoic age (Grenville), Ocoee Supergroup rocks east of the Greenbrier fault, and rocks of the Murphy belt; and (3) an east flank containing the Helen, Tallulah Falls, and Richard Russell thrust sheets and the amphibolitic basement complex. All of the east flank thrust sheets contain polydeformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks of mostly Proterozoic age. The Blue Ridge is separated by the Brevard fault zone from a large area of rocks of the Inner Piedmont to the east, which contains the Six Mile thrust sheet and the ChaugaWalhalla thrust complex. All of these rocks are also polydeformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks. The Inner Piedmont rocks in this area occupy both the Piedmont and part of the Blue Ridge physiographic provinces.
\nThe intensity of deformation and metamorphism increases from west to east in the Blue Ridge. The west flank is mostly chlorite grade or relatively unmetamorphosed, and the central part of the Blue Ridge is mostly staurolite, garnet, or biotite grade, although sillimanite grade rocks occur along the eastern part of the central Blue Ridge in the vicinity of the leading edge of the Hayesvil Ie fault. The east flank of the Blue Ridge and much of the Inner Piedmont are at kyanite or silli manite grade of Manuscript approved for publication February 22, 1991. regional metamorphism except for a zone of retrograde rocks in the Brevard fault zone and a small area of biotite-grade rocks in the extreme southwest part of the Grandfather Mountain window in the northeast corner of the quadrangle.
\nThe major mineral resources in the Knoxville 1°x2° quadrangle are construction materials and a variety of industrial minerals mostly related to either granite and pegmatite or ultramafic rocks. Past production in the quadrangle of metals, which are of secondary importance relative to construction materials and industrial minerals, include copper in massive sulfides of the Besshi type, gold-bearing quartz veins, and residual iron and manganese deposits. Resources are discussed in relation to the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont provinces. The following resources are the most important:
\nA. Construction materials:
\nB. Industrial minerals:
\nC. Metals:
\nD. Organic fuels:
\nNo abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03491","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., and Snyder, J.B., 2004, Historical rock falls in Yosemite National Park, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-491, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03491.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-491/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404778,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62900.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.63012695312499,\n 37.48793540168987\n ],\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 37.54022177661216\n ],\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 37.80978395301097\n ],\n [\n -119.300537109375,\n 38.026458711461245\n ],\n [\n -119.5806884765625,\n 38.1734326790354\n ],\n [\n -119.83337402343749,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 37.87485339352928\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 37.6968609874419\n ],\n [\n -119.63012695312499,\n 37.48793540168987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ecdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, James B.","contributorId":102137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53740,"text":"wri034116 - 2004 - Water and Streambed Sediment Quality, and Ecotoxicology of a Stream along the Blue Ridge Parkway, Adjacent to a Closed Landfill, near Roanoke, Virginia: 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:25","indexId":"wri034116","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4116","title":"Water and Streambed Sediment Quality, and Ecotoxicology of a Stream along the Blue Ridge Parkway, Adjacent to a Closed Landfill, near Roanoke, Virginia: 1999","docAbstract":"A study was done of the effects of a closed landfill on the quality of water and streambed sediment and the benthic macroinvertebrate community of an unnamed stream and its tributary that flow through Blue Ridge Parkway lands in west-central Virginia. The primary water source for the tributary is a 4-inch polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe that protrudes from the slope at the base of the embankment bordering the landfill. An unusual expanse of precipitate was observed in the stream near the PVC pipe. Stream discharge was measured and water and streambed sediment samples were collected at a nearby reference site and at three sites downstream of the landfill in April and September 1999. Water samples were analyzed for major ions, nitrate, total and dissolved metals, total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, and volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, including organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Streambed sediment samples were analyzed for total metals, total organic carbon, percent moisture, and volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, including organochlorine pesticides and PCBs.\r\nThe benthic macroinvertebrate community within the stream channel also was sampled at the four chemical sampling sites and at one additional site in April and September. Each of the five sites was assessed for physical habitat quality. Water collected periodically at the PVC pipe discharge between November 1998 and November 1999 was used to conduct 48-hour acute and 7-day chronic toxicity tests using selected laboratory test organisms. Two 10-day chronic toxicity tests of streambed sediments collected near the discharge pipe also were conducted.\r\nAnalyses showed that organic and inorganic constituents in water from beneath the landfill were discharged into the sampled tributary. In April, 79 percent of inorganic constituents detected in water had their highest concentrations at the site closest to the landfill; at the same site, 59 percent of inorganic constituents detected in streambed sediments were at\r\ntheir lowest concentration. The low dissolved-oxygen concentration and relatively low pH in ground water from beneath the landfill probably had a direct effect on the solubility of metals and other constituents, resulting in the high concentration of inorganic constituents in water, low concentration in sediment, and the development of the precipitate. Most constituents in water in April were progressively lower in concentration from the landfill site downstream. The highest concentrations for 59 percent of constituents detected in sediment were at the farthest downstream site, suggesting that the inorganic constituents came out of solution as the stream water was exposed to the atmosphere. In September, 52 percent of inorganic constituents\r\ndetected in water were at their highest concentrations at the site nearest the landfill. Of inorganic constituents detected in streambed sediments in September, 60 percent were at their highest concentrations near the landfill. A storm that occurred a few days prior to the September sampling probably affected the preceding steady-state conditions and the distribution of constituents in sediment along the stream. Concentrations of many inorganic constituents in water remained elevated at the farthest downstream site in comparison to the reference site in April and September, indicating that concentrations did not return to background concentrations. In April and September, most of the 17 organic compounds detected in water, including volatile organic and semivolatile organic compounds, were collected in samples near the landfill, and most concentrations were below their respective reporting limits. Probably because of their volatility, few organic compounds were detected at sites downstream of that site. A total of 17 discrete organic compounds were detected in sediment samples in either April or September, including trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene along with their degrad","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034116","usgsCitation":"Ebner, D.B., Cherry, D.S., and Currie, R.J., 2004, Water and Streambed Sediment Quality, and Ecotoxicology of a Stream along the Blue Ridge Parkway, Adjacent to a Closed Landfill, near Roanoke, Virginia: 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4116, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034116.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5102,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebner, Donna Belval","contributorId":18226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"Belval","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherry, Donald S.","contributorId":96535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Currie, Rebecca J.","contributorId":60498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currie","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53439,"text":"ofr20041005 - 2004 - Mineral Deposit Data for Epigenetic Base- and Precious-metal and Uranium-thorium Deposits in South-central and Southwestern Montana and Southern and Central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20041005","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1005","title":"Mineral Deposit Data for Epigenetic Base- and Precious-metal and Uranium-thorium Deposits in South-central and Southwestern Montana and Southern and Central Idaho","docAbstract":"Metal deposits spatially associated with the Cretaceous Boulder and Idaho batholiths of southwestern Montana and southern and central Idaho have been exploited since the early 1860s. Au was first discovered in placer deposits; exploitation of vein deposits in bedrock soon followed. In 1865, high-grade Ag vein deposits were discovered and remained economically important until the 1890s. Early high-grade deposits of Au, Ag and Pb were found in the weathered portions of the veins systems. As mining progressed to deeper levels, Ag and Pb grades diminished. Exploration for and development of these vein deposits in this area have continued until the present. A majority of these base- and precious-metal vein deposits are classified as polymetallic veins (PMV) and polymetallic carbonate-replacement (PMR) deposits in this compilation. Porphyry Cu and Mo, epithermal (Au, Ag, Hg and Sb), base- and precious-metal and W skarn, W vein, and U and Th vein deposits are also common in this area. The world-class Butte Cu porphyry and the Butte high-sulfidation Cu vein deposits are in this study area. PMV and PMR deposits are the most numerous in the region and constitute about 85% of the deposit records compiled. Several types of syngenetic/diagenetic sulfide mineral deposits in rocks of the Belt Supergroup or their equivalents are common in the region and they have been the source of a substantial metal production over the last century. These syngenetic deposits and their metamorphosed/structurally remobilized equivalents were not included in this database; therefore, deposits in the Idaho portion of the Coeur d'Alene district and the Idaho Cobalt belt, for example, have not been included because many of them are believed to be of this type.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041005","usgsCitation":"Klein, T.L., 2004, Mineral Deposit Data for Epigenetic Base- and Precious-metal and Uranium-thorium Deposits in South-central and Southwestern Montana and Southern and Central Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1005, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041005.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5261,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, T. L.","contributorId":76322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54141,"text":"ofr03410 - 2004 - Pleistocene and Holocene colluvial fans and terraces in the Blue Ridge region of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:05","indexId":"ofr03410","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-410","title":"Pleistocene and Holocene colluvial fans and terraces in the Blue Ridge region of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03410","usgsCitation":"Morgan, B., Eaton, L., and Wieczorek, G.F., 2004, Pleistocene and Holocene colluvial fans and terraces in the Blue Ridge region of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-410, 25 p., 1 over-size sheet; scale 1:100,000 (1 inch = about 1.6 miles), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03410.","productDescription":"25 p., 1 over-size sheet; scale 1:100,000 (1 inch = about 1.6 miles)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110476,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"62899"},{"id":181355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5588,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-410/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, L.S.","contributorId":88403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209655,"text":"70209655 - 2004 - Record of late Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation in the southern Cascade Range: II. Flux of glacial flour in a sediment core from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-09T14:29:22.327878","indexId":"70209655","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-28T12:15:44","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Record of late Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation in the southern Cascade Range: II. Flux of glacial flour in a sediment core from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"During the late Wisconsin, glacial flour from alpine glaciers along the east side of the Cascade Range in southern Oregon was deposited in Upper Klamath Lake. Quantitative interpretation of magnetic properties and grain-size data of cored sediments from Caledonia Marsh on the west side of the lake provides a continuous record of the flux of glacial flour spanning the last ≈37 000 calendar years. For modeling purposes, the lake sediments from the 13-m core were divided into three sedimentary components defined from magnetic, geochemical, petrographic, and grain-size data. The components are (1) strongly magnetic, glacial flour made up of extremely fine-grained, fresh volcanic rock particles, (2) less magnetic lithic material made up of coarser, weathered volcanic detritus, and (3) non-magnetic biogenic material (largely biogenic silica). Quantitative interpretation is possible because there has been no significant postdepositional destruction or formation of magnetic minerals, nor alteration affecting grain-size distributions. Major steps involved in the interpretation include: (1) computation of biogenic and lithic components; (2) determination of magnetic properties and grain-size distributions of the non-glacial and glacial flour end-members; (3) computation of the contents of weathered and glacial flour components for each sample; (4) development of an age model based on the mass accumulation of the non-glacial lithic component; and (5) use of the age model and glacial flour contents to compute the flux of glacial flour. Comparison of the glacial flour record from Upper Klamath Lake to mapped glacial features suggests a nearly linear relation between flux of glacial flour and the extent of nearby glaciers. At ≈22 ka, following an extended period during which glaciers of limited size waxed and waned, late Wisconsin (Waban) glaciers began to grow, reaching their maximum extent at ≈19 ka. Glaciers remained near their maximum extent for ≈1000 years. During this period, lake sediments were made up of ≈80% glacial flour. The content of glacial flour decreased as the glaciers receded, and reached undetectable levels by 14 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019229.75336.7a","usgsCitation":"Rosenbaum, J.G., and Reynolds, R.L., 2004, Record of late Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation in the southern Cascade Range: II. Flux of glacial flour in a sediment core from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 235-252, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019229.75336.7a.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14874267578125,\n 42.216313604344776\n ],\n [\n -121.75598144531251,\n 42.216313604344776\n ],\n [\n -121.75598144531251,\n 42.595554553719204\n ],\n [\n -122.14874267578125,\n 42.595554553719204\n ],\n [\n -122.14874267578125,\n 42.216313604344776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbaum, Joseph G. jrosenbaum@usgs.gov","contributorId":1524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"Joseph","email":"jrosenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198921,"text":"70198921 - 2004 - Poultry, apples, and new immigrants in the rural communities of the Shenandoah Valley: An ethnographic case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T16:11:04.817595","indexId":"70198921","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-25T15:56:21","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5733,"text":"International Migration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Poultry, apples, and new immigrants in the rural communities of the Shenandoah Valley: An ethnographic case study","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0020-7985.2004.00278.x","usgsCitation":"Gozdziak, E.M., and Bump, M.N., 2004, Poultry, apples, and new immigrants in the rural communities of the Shenandoah Valley: An ethnographic case study: International Migration, v. 42, no. 1, p. 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-7985.2004.00278.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"164","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":356751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.61242675781249,\n 37.61858263247881\n ],\n [\n -78.8653564453125,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 38.52668162061619\n ],\n [\n -78.211669921875,\n 38.86109762182888\n ],\n [\n -77.607421875,\n 39.56758783088905\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -78.519287109375,\n 39.44891948347229\n ],\n [\n -78.892822265625,\n 38.77978137804918\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 38.07836562996712\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -79.61242675781249,\n 37.61858263247881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ca80e4b0702d0e846927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gozdziak, Elzbieta M.","contributorId":207281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gozdziak","given":"Elzbieta","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bump, Micah N.","contributorId":207282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bump","given":"Micah","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200766,"text":"70200766 - 2004 - Patterns of magma flow in segmented silicic dikes at Summer Coon volcano, Colorado: AMS and thin section analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:50:40","indexId":"70200766","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T08:50:21","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of magma flow in segmented silicic dikes at Summer Coon volcano, Colorado: AMS and thin section analysis","docAbstract":"A complex pattern of magma flow is found in two silicic dikes of a radial swarm at Summer Coon, an eroded stratovolcano in southern Colorado. The two intrusions are broken into multiple segments that suggest vertical dike propagation. However, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements and thin section observations suggest that magma flow was often subhorizontal and away from the center of the volcano. Segments that are proximal to the central intrusion are characterized by magma that flowed steeply upward at the proximal segment extremity, then laterally along the segment, and finally downward at the distal end of the segment. Magma flow in offset segment tips located far from the volcano center was subhorizontal towards the adjacent segment, implying lateral propagation of segment tips towards one another. This observation suggests relatively high driving pressure in distal dike segments, as supported by dike thickening with radial distance from the center of the volcano. The present study indicates that radial dike evolution at stratovolcanoes is dominated by lateral flow of magma and dike segmentation is a poor magma flow indicator. A horizontally propagating radial dike has the potential to cause an eruption low on the flank of a composite cone, which poses a significant yet largely unrecognized hazard to population centers and infrastructure that may surround the volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00706-4","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Fink, J.H., and Tauxe, L., 2004, Patterns of magma flow in segmented silicic dikes at Summer Coon volcano, Colorado: AMS and thin section analysis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 219, no. 1-2, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00706-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Summer Coon volcano","volume":"219","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e876e4b034bf6a800f50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fink, Jonathan H.","contributorId":192764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fink","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tauxe, Lisa","contributorId":210311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tauxe","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203532,"text":"70203532 - 2004 - Pioneer amateur naturalist Louis Judice: observations on the flora, fauna, geography, and agriculture of the Bayou Lafourche region, Louisiana, 1772-1786","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-21T08:46:42","indexId":"70203532","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T08:46:16","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5833,"text":"Louisiana history","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pioneer amateur naturalist Louis Judice: observations on the flora, fauna, geography, and agriculture of the Bayou Lafourche region, Louisiana, 1772-1786","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana Historical Association","usgsCitation":"Brasseaux, C.A., Hoese, H.D., and Michot, T.C., 2004, Pioneer amateur naturalist Louis Judice: observations on the flora, fauna, geography, and agriculture of the Bayou Lafourche region, Louisiana, 1772-1786: Louisiana history, v. 45, no. 1, p. 71-103.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4233987"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Lafourche region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.274169921875,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 30.80791068136646\n ],\n [\n -92.274169921875,\n 30.80791068136646\n ],\n [\n -92.274169921875,\n 28.69058765425071\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brasseaux, Carl A.","contributorId":215701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brasseaux","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoese, H. Dickson","contributorId":215702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoese","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dickson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, Thomas Claud 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":215703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"Claud","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53443,"text":"ofr20041024 - 2004 - Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20041024","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1024","title":"Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site","docAbstract":"The Santa Rita B archaeological site is in the Chao Valley, approximately 65 km southeast of Trujillo, northern Peru. Location of Santa Rita B at the emergence of several drainages from the Andean cordillera is an important factor in the almost continuous occupation of the site over the past 3,000 years. \r\n\r\nMineral resources are abundant throughout the Andes; however, the north coast of Peru was an important center for pre-Columbian mining, metallurgy, and craftsmanship. Success of the Chavin, Moche, Chimu, and other north coast cultures is directly related to the availability and exploitation of mineral and energy resources that include: gold (?silver), as electrum, mainly from placers, and copper from local oxide and carbonate occurrences and from sulfides related to copper porphyry occurrences in the cordillera. An alloy of these three metals is referred to as tumbaga, which is the primary material for Andean metalcraft. \r\n\r\nAnthracite was used for mirrors by north coast cultures and is available near Rio Chicama, Rio Santa, and east of Santa Rita B. These outcrops are a part of the Alto Chicama, Peru's largest coalfield, which extends from Rio Chicama, in the north, for 200 km southward to Rio Santa. Charcoal from the algorrobo tree and llama dung are considered to be the common pre-Columbian energy sources for cooking and metalwork; however, availability and the higher heat content of anthracite indicate that it was used in metallurgical applications. Bitumen is available from petroleum seeps near Talara, north of the study area, and may have been used as glue or as cement. \r\n\r\nHematite, goethite, limonite, and manganese oxides from clay-altered volcanic rock may have provided color and material for ceramics. Guano from the Islas Gua?apes, Chinchas, and Ballestas was used as fertilizer for cotton and other crops.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041024","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., Kent, J., and Willett, J.C., 2004, Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1024, online only; 15 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041024.","productDescription":"online only; 15 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Jonathan D.","contributorId":107362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willett, Jason C. 0000-0002-7598-3174 jwillett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-3174","contributorId":3516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"Jason","email":"jwillett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}