In 1936 floods occurred in parts of Texas during two periods one about July 1 and the other in the later portion of September which were marked by record-breaking or outstanding stages and discharges on some of the larger rivers.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp816","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, T., 1947, Major Texas floods of 1936: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 816, v, 145 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp816.","productDescription":"v, 145 p.","numberOfPages":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0816/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26169,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0816/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6496e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, Tate","contributorId":59420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"Tate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1613,"text":"wsp1043 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIII, Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:14","indexId":"wsp1043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1043","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIII, Snake River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1043","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIII, Snake River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1043, vi, 248 p. :ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1043.","productDescription":"vi, 248 p. :ill.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1933,"text":"wsp998 - 1947 - Suspended sediment in the Colorado River, 1925-41","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T13:09:00","indexId":"wsp998","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"998","title":"Suspended sediment in the Colorado River, 1925-41","docAbstract":"
This report gives the results of sediment-sampling studies of the Geological Survey in the Colorado River basin for the period from October 1, 1925, to September 30, 1941. Records are given for the entire period for the Grand Canyon gaging station and for shorter periods at other stations in the basin. The results reported consist of the records of the mean daily concentrations.of sediment for all stations, and in addition, the mean daily discharge and daily load of sediment for many of the stations.
The available records indicate that the runoff of the Colorado near Cisco, Utah, plus the runoff of the Green at Green River, Utah, plus the runoff of the San Juan near Bluff, Utah, amount to about 90 percent of the runoff at the Grand Canyon gaging station, but the sediment loads at the three upper stations amount to only about 60 percent of the sediment load at Grand Canyon. The Little Colorado River and two or three other unsampled tributaries probably are the major sources of the unmeasured sediment
Information is given concerning the sizes of the particles of the sediment at the Grand Canyon, Willow Beach, and Bluff stations during periods of this investigation.
The annual load at Grand Canyon during the 16 years ranged from 50,080,000 tons in 1933-34 to 480,000,000 tons in 1928-29, and the mean annual load at that station for the 16-year period was 200,200,000 tons. The mean annual runoff for the Grand Canyon station during the period was 12,640,000 acre-feet
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp998","usgsCitation":"Howard, C.S., 1947, Suspended sediment in the Colorado River, 1925-41: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 998, v, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp998.","productDescription":"v, 165 p.","numberOfPages":"175","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0998/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0998/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Charles S.","contributorId":15990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1967,"text":"wsp996 - 1947 - Geologic features of the Connecticut Valley, Massachusetts as related to recent floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-17T19:49:45.392888","indexId":"wsp996","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"996","title":"Geologic features of the Connecticut Valley, Massachusetts as related to recent floods","docAbstract":"This report gives the results of a geologic study of certain features that bear upon the recent flood behavior of rivers flowing in the Massachusetts part of the Connecticut Valley. It is in part an outline of the physiographic history of the Connecticut River, a 'history that is treated in progressively greater detail as it concerns events occurring from Mesozoic time to the present, and in part a discussion of erosional and depositional processes associated with the extraordinary floods of March 1936 and September 1938. \r\n\r\nThe Connecticut River flows southward through Massachusetts in a broad lowland area of more than 400 square miles and is joined in this area by four large tributaries, the Deerfield and Westfield Rivers from the west and the Millers and Chicopee Rivers from the east. The lowland area, or :Connecticut Valley province, is flanked on the west by the Berkshire Hills, a, deeply incised uplifted plateau, and on the east by the central upland, or Worcester .County plateau, a lower upland marked by rolling topography. Most of the broad, relatively flat valley floor is underlain by Triassic sedimentary rocks. Rising above it, however, are the prominent Holyoke-Mount Tom and Deerfield Ranges, which consist in large part of dark-colored igneous rocks, also of Triassic age. \r\n\r\nThere is evidence of several cycles of erosion in central western Massachusetts, the last two of which are of Tertiary age and appear to have reached nature and very youthful stages of topographic development, respectively. Immediately prior to the glacial epoch, therefore, the Connecticut River flowed in a fairly narrow, deep gorge, which it had incised in the rather flat 5ottom of the valley that it had formed at an earlier stage. A Pleistocene crustal subsidence probably of several hundred feet, for which there has been only partial compensation in postglacial time, was responsible for the present position of much of this gorge below sea level. That an estuary does not now occupy the gorge is due to a filling by glacial debris, notably by sediments deposited in late glacial lakes. Following disappearance of the last ice sheet and draining of the associated, lakes, the Connecticut River resumed existence and began a new chapter in its history. \r\n\r\nIn those areas where the river regained its preglacial course, it now flows on sediments considerably above the rock floor of the old gorge. Where the gorge was narrow and deep, the upper parts of its walls have confined the postglacial river within rather narrow limits, as in the northern part of the state. Where it was sufficiently wide to be filled by glacial sediments over large areas, the postglacial river has meandered broadly, as in the area north of the Holyoke-Mount Tom Range. In two areas in Massachusetts and in one immediately south in Connecticut, however, the river was forced from its preglacial gorge, and its new channel has been superimposed on bedrock, with development of rapids and falls. Each of these postglacial rock channels acts as a spillway whose level controls the local base level of the river as far upstream as the next spillway. These spillways are not to be confused with other, more spectacular gorges, which are of preglacial origin and in which the present river does not flow on bedrock. \r\n\r\nThe Recent Connecticut has formed extensive flood plains and terraces through repeated sequences of erosion by lateral corrosion and downward scour, followed by deposition of .silt and sand veneers. These features, although irregular in detail, appear to be assignable to five general levels, whose means are approximately 49, 37, 30, 18, and 10 feet above present mean river level. In addition, an 80-foot terrace in the northern part of the valley was left perched, in its present position when the Connecticut abandoned its course over. a rock barrier near Turners Falls in favor of an adjacent much lower gap. The normal terraces and flood plains, slope very gently away from their riverw","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp996","usgsCitation":"Jahns, R.H., 1947, Geologic features of the Connecticut Valley, Massachusetts as related to recent floods: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 996, Report: viii, 158 p.; 20 Plates: 31.00 × 31.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp996.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 158 p.; 20 Plates: 31.00 × 31.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247081,"rank":423,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-25.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247080,"rank":422,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-24.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247079,"rank":421,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247078,"rank":420,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27339,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27338,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27337,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27336,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27342,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27335,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27341,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27340,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27334,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27333,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27332,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247083,"rank":425,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-27.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27343,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396127,"rank":24,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24701.htm"},{"id":138287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247082,"rank":424,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-26.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247085,"rank":427,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-29.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247084,"rank":426,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-28.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247086,"rank":428,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-30.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.81463623046875,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -72.34222412109375,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -72.34222412109375,\n 42.712714128355564\n ],\n [\n -72.81463623046875,\n 42.712714128355564\n ],\n [\n -72.81463623046875,\n 42.06560675405716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a609a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jahns, Richard Henry","contributorId":45291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2080,"text":"wsp968C - 1947 - Topographic characteristics of drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp968C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"968","chapter":"C","title":"Topographic characteristics of drainage basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp968C","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1947, Topographic characteristics of drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 968, iii, 125-157 p. :ill., map ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp968C.","productDescription":"iii, 125-157 p. :ill., map ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27640,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, Walter Basil","contributorId":40581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Basil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2642,"text":"wsp1018 - 1947 - Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1944, Part 3, North-Central States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1018","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1018","title":"Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1944, Part 3, North-Central States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; for sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1018","usgsCitation":"Sayre, A., 1947, Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1944, Part 3, North-Central States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1018, iv, 276 p. :ill., map ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1018.","productDescription":"iv, 276 p. :ill., map ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28961,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayre, A.N.","contributorId":84339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2882,"text":"wsp992 - 1947 - Bibliography and index of publications relating to ground water prepared by the Geological Survey and cooperating agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp992","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"992","title":"Bibliography and index of publications relating to ground water prepared by the Geological Survey and cooperating agencies","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp992","usgsCitation":"Waring, G.A., and Meinzer, O.E., 1947, Bibliography and index of publications relating to ground water prepared by the Geological Survey and cooperating agencies: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 992, 412 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp992.","productDescription":"412 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0992/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0992/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a24b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waring, Gerald Ashley","contributorId":53362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waring","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"Ashley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meinzer, Oscar Edward","contributorId":12020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3184,"text":"wsp866C - 1947 - Part 3. Miscellaneous dam sites on the Flathead River upstream from Columbia Falls, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T20:55:10.957202","indexId":"wsp866C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"866","chapter":"C","title":"Part 3. Miscellaneous dam sites on the Flathead River upstream from Columbia Falls, Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of dam sites on the upper tributaries of the Columbia River in Idaho and Montana","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp866C","usgsCitation":"Erdmann, C.E., 1947, Part 3. Miscellaneous dam sites on the Flathead River upstream from Columbia Falls, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 866, Report: vii, 103 p.; 15 Plates: 23.50 × 13.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp866C.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 103 p.; 15 Plates: 23.50 × 13.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425317,"rank":24,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24674.htm","text":"Upper Canyon Creek","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425316,"rank":23,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24673.htm","text":"Lower Canyon Creek","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425315,"rank":22,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24672.htm","text":"Glacier View","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425314,"rank":21,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24671.htm","text":"Fool Hen","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425313,"rank":20,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24670.htm","text":"Coram Canyon","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425312,"rank":19,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24669.htm","text":"Columbia Falls"},{"id":139033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30146,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30147,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30148,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30149,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30157,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30158,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30159,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30160,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396145,"rank":18,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24668.htm","text":"Bad Rock Canyon"},{"id":30150,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30151,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30152,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30153,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30154,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30155,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30156,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0866c/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08615112304688,\n 48.375408929573624\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 48.375408929573624\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 48.44742209577055\n ],\n [\n -114.08615112304688,\n 48.44742209577055\n ],\n [\n -114.08615112304688,\n 48.375408929573624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdmann, C. E.","contributorId":87122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4573,"text":"wsp1038 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:48","indexId":"wsp1038","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1038","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1038","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1038, vi, 315 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1038.","productDescription":"vi, 315 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31630,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4574,"text":"wsp1044 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:48","indexId":"wsp1044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1044","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1044","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1044, vi, 237 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1044.","productDescription":"vi, 237 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31631,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4589,"text":"wsp1034 - 1947 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"wsp1034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1034","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1034","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1947, Surface water supply of the United States, 1945, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1034, v, 247 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1034.","productDescription":"v, 247 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31646,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014361,"text":"1014361 - 1947 - Results of varying the ratio of largemouth black bass and bluegills in the stocking of experimental farm ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T16:55:08.505162","indexId":"1014361","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of varying the ratio of largemouth black bass and bluegills in the stocking of experimental farm ponds","docAbstract":"During the period 1943 to 1946, several combinations of largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were stocked in ponds on the station grounds at Leetown, West Virginia. These ponds were fertilized with 12–5–5, inorganic fertilizer, but when water blooms failed to control the submerged vegetation, sodium arsenite or copper sulfate was occasionally used for this purpose.
Bluegill‐bass ratios varying from 8:1 to 15:1 were used. Inventories of ponds showed that approximately 199 pounds of edible fish per acre could be produced annually in well managed ponds at Leetown regardless of the stocking ratio employed. The average size of bluegills varied inversely with the number stocked. The smallest bluegills, produced in the 15:1 bluegill‐bass ratio, averaged about 5.7 inches in fork length, compared with about 6.5 inches from the 8:1 ratio. Largemouth bass failed to make good growth in the 15:1 ratio, averaging only 9.3 inches compared with 10.2 inches in the 8:1 ratio.
The fact that in two ponds 71 percent of the largemouth black bass in the original stocking were removed during a brief period suggests that good pond management may include removal of the fish in the same ratio as the original stocking, to assure maintenance of a balance of species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1947)77[141:ROVTRO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Surber, E.W., 1947, Results of varying the ratio of largemouth black bass and bluegills in the stocking of experimental farm ponds: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 77, no. 1, p. 141-151, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1947)77[141:ROVTRO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60546e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Surber, E. W.","contributorId":8794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Surber","given":"E.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222219,"text":"70222219 - 1947 - Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:25:54.227705","indexId":"70222219","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T17:36:20","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"13","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska","docAbstract":"The stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville north of Umiat was studied by U. S. GeologicaI Survey Party No. 1 during the period of May 31 to July 19, 1947. The. party, consisting pf two geologists, a cook, and a \"weasel\" mechanic, left Umiat in two \"weasels”. The weasels were used to transport the party and equipment from camp to camp, and also made it possible for the geologists to work as far as 15 to 20 miles out from a camp in one day. A ten-foot canvas-boat was carried along. During most of the month of June even the smaller tributaries to the Kogohokruk carried enough melt and run off water to make them navigable in the 10-foot boat. The party returned to Umiat on June 23, after traversing both the Kikiakrorak and the Kogohokruk Rivers, and several smaller tributaries to the Kogohokruk.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222219","usgsCitation":"Stefansson, K., Thurrell, R.F., and Zumberge, J.H., 1947, Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 13, Report: 16 p.; 2 Figures: 24.51 x 40.27 inches and 21.66 x 15.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222219.","productDescription":"Report: 16 p.; 2 Figures: 24.51 x 40.27 inches and 21.66 x 15.18 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401394,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401395,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401396,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74675.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.3333,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -151,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -151,\n 70.0833\n ],\n [\n -152.3333,\n 70.0833\n ],\n [\n -152.3333,\n 69.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stefansson, Karl","contributorId":61296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zumberge, J. H.","contributorId":22021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222264,"text":"70222264 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T21:21:30.213546","indexId":"70222264","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T15:15:29","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The Noonan quadrangle is in northwestern North Dakota adjacent to the Dominion of Canada and approximately 35 miles east of Montana. The small coal-mining, farm, and railroad town of Noonan is located near the eastern edge of this sparsely populated area. The east-west State Highway 5 bisects the quadrangle.
Cultural development in this area depends largely on agricultural exploitation of the glacial deposits that mantle the bedrock. For this reason, emphasis in this report is on the description, classification, and analysis of the surficial deposits.
The geologic map is the base of the report. The map explanation includes a description of the material found in the various deposits along with the distinctive topographic and lithologic characteristics. Most of the text and the analyses of samples are written in tabular form so that specific information may be easily found. Depth relations may be determined from the cross section attached and the data on the map page.
Most of the subsurface data in this report are inferred from drill-hole logs and water-well information provided by the North Dakota State Geological Survey, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the Ground Water Division of the U. S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222264","usgsCitation":"Townsend, R., 1947, Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota: Open-File Report, Report: 7 p.; 5 Plates: 32.52 x 55.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222264.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 5 Plates: 32.52 x 55.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401626,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401625,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401624,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401627,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401623,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401622,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8841.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Noonan quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.25,\n 48.75\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 48.75\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -103.25,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -103.25,\n 48.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townsend, R. C.","contributorId":6524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210288,"text":"70210288 - 1947 - Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T20:32:04.864101","indexId":"70210288","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:32:41","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946","docAbstract":"Umnak Island is a dumbbell-shaped island in the eastern part of the Aleutian Islands. The island is 70 miles long and trends northeast-southwest. During 1946 volcano investigations were begun on the island and geologic mapping of most of northeastern Umnak Island was completed.
Okmok Volcano, a large, broad volcanic mountain rising to altitudes of 3,000 to 3,500 feet, occupies the central portion of northeastern Umnak Island. Fort Glenn, and Army airbase, is situated on the eastern end of the island, approximately 9 miles east of Okmok Volcano.
The central part of Okmok Volcano is indented by Okmok caldera, a large cliff-rimmed volcanic depression, 7%, miles in maximum diameter. The floor of the caldera is 1,500 to 2,500 feet below the caldera rim. Nine large cinder cones and many small ones lie on the caldera floor, chiefly along two arcuate zones. The caldera is drained by Crater Creek, which flows through a deep gorge cut in the northeastern wall of the caldera, and into Bering Sea.
Mount Tulik (4,111 feet altitude) and Mount Idak (1,918 feet altitude) arc important centers of ancient volcanism on the flanks of Okmok Volcano.
The geologic history of Okmok Volcano falls into three stages: The first includes the upbuilding of an ancient cone—Mount Okmok—to an altitude of at least 6;500 feet on the site of the present caldera; the second encompasses the destruction in a castastrophic eruption of the summit cone and the formation of the caldera; the third comprises events since the great eruption.
The earliest activity at Mount Okmok probably dates hack to the late Tertiary period. A composite cone, concave-sided in profile, was built by the alternate eruption of ash, coarse pyroclastics, and basalt flows. During the late Pleistocene, volcanic activity at Mount Okmok was greatly reduced and a topography of late youth was carved on the lower slopes by streams and valley glaciers. The summit of Mount Okmok was upwarped and dikes and necks were injected into the resulting fractures.
A large volcano at the site of Mount Idak was active during part of the period of upbuilding at Mount Okmok but became extinct during the middle Pleistocene. A parasitic vent, Mount Tulik, became active during the late Pleistocene and built a steep-sided cone before it became extinct, shortly before the formation of Okmok caldera.
A cataclysmic eruption terminated the period of dissection at Mount Okmok, 10,000 or more years ago. Part of the summit was blown away by the explosive violence of this eruption. Nuees ardentes (glowing clouds) and mudflows deposited tuff-breccia and agglomerate in the glacial valleys; later phases of the eruption blanketed the landscape with ash. Near the end of the eruption, the remaining upper part of the volcano collapsed along arcuate fractures: large blocks subsided several thousand feet and are now concealed in the caldera Poor beneath later deposits. A large arcuate fault block which subsided less than other blocks stands above the floor in the northeastern part of the caldera.
After the eruption, water collected in the caldera, forming a lake. Small but frequently active cones built islands in the lake and covered its bottom with pyroclastic debris. The lake eventually overflowed the lowest point in the rim of the caldera, and Crater Creek Gorge was carved, draining the lake and dissecting its deposits. Renewed movement along faults at the head of Crater Creek Gorge later raised a harrier which temporarily dammed the drainage and formed a second caldera lake.
Readjustments among subsided blocks in the caldera floor resulted in the folding of postcaldera deposits at several localities.
Much of the caldera floor has been covered by lava flows extruded from several cones since the draining of the first caldera lake. In general, however, volcanic activity seems to have declined since the great caldera-forming eruption. Seven eruptions from cones on the caldera floor have been recorded since 1817; the latest occurred in 1945.
As part of the geochemical program for the study of Okmok Volcano, temperatures of fumaroles were measured and samples of the products of the volcanic activity were analyzed. Average temperatures of fumaroles at one source of the 1945 lava low dropped from 320° C. on July 19 to 90° C. on September 5. The temperatures of fumaroles associated with the crater vents on both Cones A and C ranged from 95° C. to 97\" C., which is slightly below the condensation point of steam, indicating the presence of minor quantities of gases other than steam. The magmatic gases of fumaroles on Cone A consisted of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in about equal amounts. The lack of halogen acid gases in the fumaroles and the steadily dropping temperatures arc interpreted as indicating that the present quiescence of Cone A will continue for many months. Solid reaction products from areas of fumarolic activity on Cone A are sulfates of sodium, calcium, and iron. The presence of hydrogen sulfide as the dominant sulfur gas at Cone C is interpreted as indicating the dying stages of the present cycle of activity of Cone C.
Thermal springs along the north base of Cone D have a total discharge of 115 cubic feet per second. Their average temperature is approximately 7° C. above the annual mean. From these figures it is calculated that about 21,000 kilogram calories per second are being given off by Cone D. The spring waters contain minute quantities of boron which is indicative of a magmatic source for a small part of the water. Hence, Cone D though quiescent is not extinct. Evidence is presented to show that most of the spring water from Cone D is meteoric in origin.
Thermal waters in the southwestern part of Umnak Island at Hot Springs Cove and south of Geyser Bight contain lithium, boron, arsenic, and antimony in solution. These elements are regarded as derived from underlying magmas that are in an advanced state of crystallization and hence not likely to give rise in the near future to large-scale volcanic activity.
Three portable seismographs were placed on the flanks of Okmok Volcano and were in operation during most of the period from June 1 to October 1. During this period several slight tremors and one moderate tremor, all of distant origin, were registered, but no tremors attributable to Okmok Volcano were recorded. The lack of tremor records, however, may have been due more to the insensitivity of the instruments than to the absence of tremors.
Earth-current investigations were carried on during August and September by comparison of records obtained from a base station at Fort Glenn with those from a station 1 V2 miles southwest of Mount Tulik. The records obtained indicate that no difference in magnitude or direction of earth currents existed between the Fort Glenn and Mount Tulik areas. The similarity of record obtained is indicative of the absence of a disturbing factor such as a large body of live magma beneath Okmok Volcano.
Future eruptions of Okmok Volcano are expected to he of mild to moderate intensity, and will he chiefly in the form of ash falls from vents inside the caldera. There would be a great menace—in the form of lava flows, nuees ardentes, and mudflows—to installations at Fort Glenn if a new center of volcanism came into existence on the east slope of Okmok Volcano. Small postcaldera cones now exposed there indicate that extra-caldera eruptions have occurred in the recent past and can be expected in the future. The possibility of another catastrophic eruption of the caldera-forming type, however, is remote.
Okmok Volcano should be kept under close observation, partly because of its possible threat to Fort Glenn and partly because it is a readily accessible locale for accumulating information on details of volcanic processes, applicable to other volcanoes in the Aleutian arc and elsewhere.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaskan Volcano Investigations Report No. 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/70210288","usgsCitation":"Byers, F., Hopkins, D., Wier, K.L., and Fisher, B., 1947, Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70210288.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report.pdf"},{"id":396452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93423.htm"},{"id":396453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umnak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.84063720703125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n -167.81341552734375,\n 53.38824275010831\n ],\n [\n -167.772216796875,\n 53.533778184257805\n ],\n [\n -167.98095703125,\n 53.571307377413326\n ],\n [\n -168.4039306640625,\n 53.48477702972815\n ],\n [\n -168.4423828125,\n 53.31282653094477\n ],\n [\n -168.60992431640625,\n 53.28984728016674\n ],\n [\n -168.82415771484375,\n 53.15665305315798\n ],\n [\n -168.85162353515625,\n 53.04616682440388\n ],\n [\n -169.04937744140625,\n 52.908902047770255\n ],\n [\n -169.11529541015625,\n 52.82434224121616\n ],\n [\n -168.84063720703125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byers, F. M. Jr.","contributorId":270390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byers","given":"F. M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wier, K. L.","contributorId":106864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wier","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Bernard","contributorId":280071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207426,"text":"70207426 - 1947 - Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T10:05:08","indexId":"70207426","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T10:02:53","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba","docAbstract":"Detailed areal mapping in central Camagüey Province and reconnaissance mapping in northern and eastern Oriente Province, Cuba, have revealed two major structural zones: (1) A zone of intense deformation, including thrust faulting, which lies north of the geographic axis of the island; and (2) a belt of domical mountains bounded on the north by Nipe Bay and the coast, and on the south by the Cauto trough and Guantilnamo basin. In Camagüey, extensive masses of serpentine and overlying tuffs have been complexly folded and overridden from the north by a block, at least 25 miles long, of limestones that form the Sierra de Cubitas and Sierra de Camaján. The overthrust carried a northern fades of Cretaceous and Eocene limestones over a southern fades of tuffaceous rocks of similar age, and had a displacement of at least six miles. In places serpentine was thrust over younger formations, and most of the shearing in the serpentine is attributed to diastrophism. A thrust zone exposed in Loma La Vigía, 15 miles north of Holguín, suggests a similar tectonic history for northern Oriente Province. Chaotic giant breccias that include waterlaid debris indicate that the overthrusts moved across the ancient land surface in both Camagüey and Oriente districts. The folding apparently began in the Cretaceous and culminated in overthrusting during early middle Eocene time. Post‐Eocene deformation appears to be limited to warping or doming to maximum angles of about 20 degrees. The zone of domical mountains is somewhat more than 100 miles long from east to west by 25 to 30 miles wide, and comprises three main units: (1) the Sierra de Nipe and (2) Sierra del Cristal domes, principally of serpentine; and (3) the Cuchillas uplift, which includes the Cuchillas de Toar and Sierra de Purlal, composed of serpentine and pre‐serpentine rocks. These uplifts are overlapped progressively on all sides by sediments ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene and Miocene, the older beds in places being highly folded. The mountains owe their present relief of 2000 to 4000 feet to the doming of an extensive erosion surface in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene. The north and east flanks of the Cuchillas uplift extend below sea level, and drowned streams and elevated coral reefs show regional instability since the last major doming. ©1947. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00919","issn":"00028606","usgsCitation":"Thayer, T.P., and Guild, P.W., 1947, Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 919-930, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00919.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"919","endPage":"930","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cuba","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.26815,23.18861],[-81.40446,23.11727],[-80.61877,23.10598],[-79.67952,22.7653],[-79.28149,22.3992],[-78.34743,22.51217],[-77.9933,22.27719],[-77.14642,21.65785],[-76.52382,21.20682],[-76.19462,21.22057],[-75.59822,21.01662],[-75.67106,20.73509],[-74.9339,20.69391],[-74.17802,20.28463],[-74.29665,20.05038],[-74.96159,19.92344],[-75.63468,19.87377],[-76.32366,19.95289],[-77.75548,19.85548],[-77.08511,20.41335],[-77.49265,20.67311],[-78.13729,20.73995],[-78.48283,21.02861],[-78.71987,21.59811],[-79.285,21.55918],[-80.21748,21.82732],[-80.51753,22.03708],[-81.82094,22.19206],[-82.16999,22.38711],[-81.795,22.63696],[-82.7759,22.68815],[-83.49446,22.16852],[-83.9088,22.15457],[-84.05215,21.91058],[-84.54703,21.80123],[-84.97491,21.89603],[-84.44706,22.20495],[-84.23036,22.56575],[-83.77824,22.78812],[-83.26755,22.98304],[-82.51044,23.07875],[-82.26815,23.18861]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cuba\"}}]}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, T. P.","contributorId":64629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guild, P. W.","contributorId":39039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214504,"text":"70214504 - 1947 - Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T18:27:42.269761","indexId":"70214504","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T13:18:23","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire ","docAbstract":"Complete chemical analyses, including the spectrographic determination of 44 trace elements, have been made of six representative specimens from each of the six map units constituting the Oliverian magma series in the Mt. Washington quadrangle of New Hampshire. Potash is systematically higher than soda. An increase in silica, which ranges from 56 to 75 per cent, is accompanied by the usual variation of the other principal oxides; lime, magnesia, and total iron decrease in the more siliceous rocks, whereas potash and soda increase at first and then decline. Potash is 1.5 to 3 per cent higher than soda throughout the series.
With increasing silica content Cr2O3, NiO, SrO, V2O5, and BaO decrease, but ZnO increases. Comparisons with other parts of the world, especially northwestern Europe, suggest some systematic differences from New Hampshire, but the data are insufficient to justify any definite conclusions.
The calculation of modes from the chemical analyses necessitates a discussion of the methods involved and the possible errors. It is believed that in these rocks the modes can be calculated with relatively small errors. An unexplained excess of alumina in the modes, ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 per cent, may be due to more sericite and clay minerals in the rocks than the content of water suggests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[573:CAACMO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Billings, M., and Rabbitt, J., 1947, Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire : GSA Bulletin, v. 58, no. 7, p. 573-596, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[573:CAACMO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"596","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampsire","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Washington Quadrangle","volume":"58","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billings, M.P.","contributorId":42948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billings","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabbitt, J.C.","contributorId":83998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214503,"text":"70214503 - 1947 - Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T14:51:55.897612","indexId":"70214503","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T13:00:33","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho ","docAbstract":"This report is on result of a long program of geologic investigation in south-central Idaho, undertaken as an aid in the development of the mineral resources of the region. This quadrangle was examined because of the exceptional opportunities for the study of stratigraphy and structure afforded by the Lost River Range, which is the highest in Idaho and contains comparatively few intrusive igneous rocks.
The Borah Peak quadrangle differs from the region to the west and northwest in that it contains parts of two sharply defined, narrow ranges elongated in a north-westerly direction, instead of broad, irregular mountain masses, in which the trends of most local topographic units are ill-defined. These ranges, the Lost River and the Lemhi, are flanked by intermontane valleys sparsely populated by stock ranchers.
The Lemhi and Swauger quartzites, regarded as of Belt (pre-Cambrian) age, are named. The two Cambrian (?) formations of the Bayhorse region are not recognized in this quadrangle. The Ramshorn slate (Lower Ordovician), widespread and thick there, does not appear to be exposed anywhere in the Borah Peak quadrangle with the possible exception of small areas east of the Elkhorn Ranch, where relations are obscure. The higher Paleozoic formations, named in order of decreasing age, are the Kinnikinic quartzite, Saturday Mountain formation, Laketown dolomite, Jefferson dolomite, Grand View dolomite, Three Forks limestone, Milligen formation, Brazer limestone, and Wood River formation. The Three Forks limestone, nowhere much over 250 feet thick, is the only one of these not recognized farther west. It provides substantial aid in the interpretation of upper Paleozoic stratigraphy. Equivalent beds to the west are presumably grouped with the Milligen. The grit that introduced uncertainties into the correlation of the Wood River and Milligen formations in the southeastern part of the Bayhorse quadrangle is absent here, and both formations have close lithologic resemblances to those in the type localities in the Wood River region. Wood River strata (Pennsylvanian) crop out only in the southwest corner of the quadrangle, and the Brazer may have been the last Paleozoic unit to be deposited over most of the area. Certainly it can have had comparatively little cover over it throughout the Mesozoic. The Brazer is regarded as Mississippian, but some of the fossils in it have Pennsylvania affinities. The carbonate rocks in the Three Forks and later formations are dominantly calcareous, while those in earlier units are dolomitic. Carbonaceous matter is present in most of the formations but is abundant only in the Milligen.
The Challis volcanics (Oligocene or Miocene) constitute the first stratified unit to be laid down after Paleozoic deposition ceased, although there was a little intrusive activity late in the Mesozoic. The volcanics were once widely distributed on the flanks of the mountains and are still plentiful in the northwestern corner of the quadrangle, near the head of the valley of the Pahsimeroi, and in smaller areas. They are neither so abundant nor so diversified as they are farther west. They are locally succeeded by an alluvial formation, here termed the Donkey fanglomerate, of possible Pliocene age. Abundant Quaternary glacial and alluvial deposits are present in the larger valleys.
The Lemhi and Swauger quartzites were broadly folded before Paleozoic sedimentation began. Apparently the later deformation affected them only enough to render the more impure beds somewhat schistose. The Paleozoic rocks have been folded into closely spaced, asymmetric anticlines, locally broken by thrusts at and near their crests. These folds approximately parallel the trends of the present range, whereas those in the old rocks strike more nearly north. Later deformation twisted some of the folds and produced thrusts of lower dip and greater extent. The folded rocks in the Lost River Range have been arched into an anticlinorium. The original, tight folds may have preceded the emplacement of the Idaho batholith farther west, while the anticlinorium and the late twists and low thrusts result from deformation during the long period in which the batholith came to place and adjusted itself. Local intricately contorted beds in the Brazer limestone are interpreted as the effects of flowage in calcareous material subjected to tangential pressure under comparatively light supercumbent load.
The quadrangle contains numerous normal faults of diverse trends. Most of those that can be conclusively demonstrated strike transverse to the trends of the ranges, but especially along parts of the southwest front of the Lemhi Range normal faults along the range fronts may have helped locally to guide erosion of the mountains. Some of the faults have displacements of thousands of feet and are thought to have originated in connection with the low-angle thrusts. Most of these, as well as minor breaks of diverse trends, affect also the Challis volcanics, which shows that renewed movement occurred in Tertiary time.
The present mountain masses and broad intermontane valleys are in about the positions occupied by similar features in the early Tertiary. Several incomplete erosion cycles since then have greatly modified the topography but have not obliterated the influence of these ancient land forms. The results of early episodes in the development of the topography are much obscured by the rugged forms that result from active Pleistocene glaciation and later vigorous stream erosion, but modified remnants of the post-Challis and Donkey Hills surfaces can be clearly distinguished. Several less widespread remnants mark intermediate steps in the process. Exceptionally abundant and permeable, coarse alluvial and glacial deposits floor intermontane valleys and choke the larger mountain gorges to such an extent as to interfere with normal erosion and make the surface-water supplies even scantier than might be expected from the climate of the region, which is moderately humid in the mountains and semiarid in the valleys. Active erosion in the high mountains and comparatively static conditions on fans at the range borders result in striking contrasts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[1085:GOTBPQ]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ross, C.P., 1947, Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho : GSA Bulletin, v. 58, no. 12, p. 1085-1160, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[1085:GOTBPQ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"76 p.","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Borah Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -112.994384765625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -112.994384765625,\n 45.359865333959746\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 45.359865333959746\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, C. P.","contributorId":91545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214502,"text":"70214502 - 1947 - Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T17:58:50.386782","indexId":"70214502","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T12:45:26","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology","docAbstract":"Determination of the ground‐water supply available from any aquifer or in any specified area requires not merely the application of specific quantitative methods but also a broad and accurate knowledge of the geologic, hydrologlc, and geochemical factors that are involved, and consideration of the economic and legal limitations. Further research is needed as to geologic texture and structure in relation to the occurrence and movement of the water; the precise nature of specific yield, which determines the effective storage capacities of the aquifers; the molecular physics involved in the downward and upward movement of water in the zone of aeration, and quantitative evaluation of ground‐water recharge and discharge; the hydraulics of ground water, as studied by pumping test methods, with special reference to boundary conditions; studies of perennial yield of aquifers of low permeability; the genesis of the mineral contents of ground water as determined through appropriate geologic, hydrologlc, and chemical studies; and methods of geophysical exploration and well logging for determining the occurrence of ground water. Serious study is also needed as to practicable methods of implementing the recently developed principles and methods of ground‐water hydrology in the production of water supplies and the economic and legal problems involved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i003p00418","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1947, Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 3, p. 418-420, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i003p00418.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"418","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214495,"text":"70214495 - 1947 - Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T16:48:35.971111","indexId":"70214495","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T11:35:43","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water","docAbstract":"This paper gives a brief summary of studies of the value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the water in them made in Texas by the United States Geological Survey and cooperating parties.
The electrical log has been found to be especially valuable in the Coastal Plain Region of Texas where the rocks consist mostly of a succession of clays or shales or sandy clays or shales lnterbedded with sands or sandstones. In that region the electrical log has been found to be more useful than the driller's log for correlating the principal water‐bearing horizons over wide areas. The log by itself is not an indicator of the permeability of the water‐bearing beds, nor a safe guide as to the quality of the water in them, but if it is studied in connection with other data, it is sure to tell an interesting and instructive story. Thus far in Texas no extensive studies have been made of the value of the electrical log in limestone aquifers or in sand or sandstone aquifers associated with limestone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00903","usgsCitation":"Barnes, B., and Livingston, P., 1947, Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 903-911, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00903.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"911","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Galveston","otherGeospatial":"Galveston County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.3668212890625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 29.348663646523626\n ],\n [\n -94.98779296875,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -95.60302734375,\n 29.286398892934763\n ],\n [\n -95.3668212890625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, B.A.","contributorId":241619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Livingston, Penn","contributorId":104977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Penn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214137,"text":"70214137 - 1947 - Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-23T20:08:40.654064","indexId":"70214137","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-23T14:57:52","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River Embayment is a region of about 45,000 square miles in the Mississippi River Valley extending from the vicinity of the 34th parallel northward to the mouth of the Ohio River. It includes parts of Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. In 1940 about 2,700,000 people inhabited the region.Ground water is one of the most valuable natural resources of the region. It is estimated that 95 per cent of all the water used in the Upper Embayment comes from the ground.Structurally the Embayment is a downwarped, downfaulted trough in Paleozoic rocks, in which have been deposited sediments ranging in age from Cretaceous to Recent. Very productive water-bearing formations extend throughout most of the region but the total quantity of water perennially available is unknown, and little information is available on the quality of the water.The formations comprise a natural hydraulic system underlying parts of several States, and a study of the geology and hydrology of the entire region is needed. Such a study is necessary because additional ground-water supplies will be required with the future development of the region. In order to develop the region wisely the quantity and quality of the water perennially available must be known.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.7.626","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., 1947, Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 7, p. 626-633, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.7.626.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"633","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 33.5963189611327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206576,"text":"70206576 - 1947 - Geology and ground-water resources of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-24T18:39:51.739246","indexId":"70206576","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-01T09:29:09","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Puerto Rico, the easternmost and smallest of the Greater Antilles, has an axis of deformed and metamorphosed volcanic rocks of Upper Cretaceous age, intruded by dioritic rocks during the Antillean revolution. The hard-rock core is flanked on the north and south by limestones and clastic rocks of late Oligocene and early Miocene age, which have been gently arched and uplifted. Similar rocks were deposited in late Miocene or early Pliocene time along the west coast. During the Quaternary the island has been separated from the other major Antillean islands by faulting and has been arched, uplifted, and tilted to the northeast. Alluvium and littoral deposits have partially filled the valleys and have formed coastal plains on the north and south. The Upper Cretaceous volcanic and associated rocks yield small supplies of water to wells in most places. The Tertiary limestones yield large supplies in some places on the north, south, and west coasts. The Quaternary sands and gravels are the most important aquifers. They yield about 200 million gallons a day to wells in the main south coastal plain alone. The water is used largely for irrigation. A total of perhaps 250 to 300 million gallons a day is pumped from wells in the island, and moderate to large additional supplies are available in some places.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScience World","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.6.563","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C.L., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of Puerto Rico: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 563-571, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.6.563.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"571","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-65.3277,18.295843],[-65.337451,18.308308],[-65.327318,18.323666],[-65.342068,18.34529],[-65.335701,18.349535],[-65.329334,18.341955],[-65.321754,18.338316],[-65.309833,18.337973],[-65.304409,18.332054],[-65.298328,18.330529],[-65.255933,18.342117],[-65.221568,18.320959],[-65.222853,18.310464],[-65.249857,18.296691],[-65.260282,18.290823],[-65.283269,18.280214],[-65.3277,18.295843]]],[[[-67.89174,18.11397],[-67.887099,18.112574],[-67.87643,18.114157],[-67.869804,18.118851],[-67.861548,18.122144],[-67.848245,18.10832],[-67.843202,18.094858],[-67.843615,18.085099],[-67.845293,18.081938],[-67.853098,18.078195],[-67.865598,18.06544],[-67.871462,18.0578],[-67.895921,18.052342],[-67.904431,18.05913],[-67.918778,18.063116],[-67.927841,18.068572],[-67.940799,18.079716],[-67.934479,18.111306],[-67.932185,18.113221],[-67.91088,18.119668],[-67.89174,18.11397]]],[[[-65.308717,18.145172],[-65.302295,18.141089],[-65.294896,18.14283],[-65.287962,18.148097],[-65.275165,18.13443],[-65.276214,18.131936],[-65.283248,18.132999],[-65.296036,18.12799],[-65.322794,18.126589],[-65.327184,18.124106],[-65.338506,18.112439],[-65.342037,18.11138],[-65.350493,18.111914],[-65.364733,18.120377],[-65.397837,18.110873],[-65.399791,18.108832],[-65.411767,18.106211],[-65.423765,18.097764],[-65.426311,18.093749],[-65.45138,18.086096],[-65.45681,18.087778],[-65.465849,18.087715],[-65.468768,18.092643],[-65.47979,18.096352],[-65.507265,18.091646],[-65.524209,18.081977],[-65.542087,18.081177],[-65.558646,18.08566],[-65.569305,18.091616],[-65.570628,18.097325],[-65.57686,18.103224],[-65.575579,18.115669],[-65.546199,18.119329],[-65.511712,18.13284],[-65.489829,18.135912],[-65.46791,18.143767],[-65.437058,18.15766],[-65.399517,18.161935],[-65.371373,18.157517],[-65.334289,18.147761],[-65.313476,18.144296],[-65.308717,18.145172]]],[[[-66.438813,18.485713],[-66.420921,18.488639],[-66.410344,18.489886],[-66.394287,18.489748],[-66.377286,18.488044],[-66.37282,18.487726],[-66.349647,18.486335],[-66.337728,18.48562],[-66.315477,18.474724],[-66.31503,18.47468],[-66.291225,18.472347],[-66.283675,18.472203],[-66.276599,18.478129],[-66.269799,18.480281],[-66.258015,18.476906],[-66.251547,18.472464],[-66.241797,18.46874],[-66.220148,18.466],[-66.199032,18.466163],[-66.192664,18.466212],[-66.183886,18.460506],[-66.179218,18.455305],[-66.172315,18.451462],[-66.159796,18.451706],[-66.153037,18.454457],[-66.14395,18.459761],[-66.139572,18.462317],[-66.139451,18.462387],[-66.139443,18.462315],[-66.138532,18.453305],[-66.133085,18.445881],[-66.127938,18.444632],[-66.125198,18.451209],[-66.124284,18.456324],[-66.123188,18.45943],[-66.123343,18.460363],[-66.125015,18.470435],[-66.118338,18.469581],[-66.092098,18.466535],[-66.083254,18.462022],[-66.073987,18.4581],[-66.043272,18.453655],[-66.03944,18.454441],[-66.036559,18.450216],[-66.036491,18.450117],[-66.023221,18.443875],[-66.006523,18.444347],[-65.99718,18.449895],[-65.992935,18.457489],[-65.992793,18.458102],[-65.992349,18.460024],[-65.99079,18.460419],[-65.958492,18.451354],[-65.92567,18.444881],[-65.916843,18.444619],[-65.907756,18.446893],[-65.904988,18.450926],[-65.878683,18.438322],[-65.838825,18.431865],[-65.831476,18.426849],[-65.828457,18.423543],[-65.816691,18.410663],[-65.794556,18.402845],[-65.787666,18.402544],[-65.774937,18.413951],[-65.77053,18.41294],[-65.769749,18.409473],[-65.771695,18.406277],[-65.750455,18.385208],[-65.750179,18.38505],[-65.742154,18.380459],[-65.733567,18.382211],[-65.699069,18.368156],[-65.669636,18.362102],[-65.668845,18.361939],[-65.634431,18.369835],[-65.627246,18.376436],[-65.626527,18.381728],[-65.624975,18.386553],[-65.622761,18.387771],[-65.618229,18.386496],[-65.614891,18.382473],[-65.619068,18.367755],[-65.628198,18.353711],[-65.63419,18.338965],[-65.628047,18.328252],[-65.626456,18.298982],[-65.634389,18.292349],[-65.635826,18.288271],[-65.634893,18.283923],[-65.630833,18.264989],[-65.623111,18.248012],[-65.597618,18.234289],[-65.589947,18.228225],[-65.593795,18.224059],[-65.615981,18.227389],[-65.626731,18.235484],[-65.638181,18.229121],[-65.637565,18.224444],[-65.628414,18.205149],[-65.635281,18.199975],[-65.639688,18.205656],[-65.662185,18.207018],[-65.664127,18.207136],[-65.690749,18.19499],[-65.694515,18.187011],[-65.691021,18.178998],[-65.695856,18.179324],[-65.710895,18.186963],[-65.712533,18.189146],[-65.717999,18.190176],[-65.728471,18.185588],[-65.734664,18.180368],[-65.738834,18.174066],[-65.739125,18.173453],[-65.743632,18.163957],[-65.758728,18.156601],[-65.766919,18.148424],[-65.777584,18.129239],[-65.796711,18.083746],[-65.796289,18.079835],[-65.794686,18.078607],[-65.795028,18.073561],[-65.796711,18.069842],[-65.801831,18.058527],[-65.809174,18.056818],[-65.817107,18.063378],[-65.825848,18.057482],[-65.83109,18.050664],[-65.834274,18.038988],[-65.832429,18.014916],[-65.839591,18.015077],[-65.850913,18.011954],[-65.870335,18.006597],[-65.875122,18.002826],[-65.884937,17.988521],[-65.896102,17.99026],[-65.905319,17.983974],[-65.910537,17.981855],[-65.924738,17.976087],[-65.976611,17.967669],[-65.98455,17.969411],[-65.985358,17.971854],[-65.995185,17.978989],[-66.007731,17.980541],[-66.017308,17.979583],[-66.019539,17.978354],[-66.024,17.975896],[-66.046585,17.954853],[-66.049033,17.954561],[-66.058217,17.959238],[-66.068678,17.966335],[-66.069979,17.966357],[-66.08141,17.966552],[-66.116194,17.949141],[-66.127009,17.946953],[-66.140661,17.94102],[-66.147912,17.933963],[-66.155387,17.929406],[-66.159742,17.928613],[-66.161232,17.931747],[-66.175626,17.933565],[-66.186914,17.935363],[-66.189726,17.933936],[-66.200174,17.929515],[-66.206961,17.932268],[-66.213374,17.944614],[-66.202655,17.944753],[-66.185554,17.940997],[-66.179548,17.943727],[-66.174839,17.948214],[-66.176814,17.950438],[-66.206207,17.96305],[-66.206807,17.963307],[-66.215355,17.959376],[-66.218081,17.95729],[-66.231519,17.943912],[-66.229181,17.934651],[-66.232013,17.931154],[-66.252737,17.934574],[-66.260684,17.936083],[-66.270905,17.947098],[-66.275651,17.94826],[-66.290782,17.946491],[-66.297679,17.959148],[-66.31695,17.976683],[-66.323659,17.978536],[-66.338152,17.976492],[-66.33839,17.976458],[-66.362511,17.968231],[-66.365098,17.964832],[-66.368777,17.957717],[-66.371591,17.951469],[-66.385059,17.939004],[-66.391227,17.945819],[-66.398945,17.950925],[-66.412131,17.957286],[-66.445481,17.979379],[-66.450368,17.983226],[-66.454888,17.986784],[-66.461342,17.990273],[-66.491396,17.990262],[-66.510143,17.985618],[-66.540537,17.975476],[-66.583233,17.961229],[-66.589658,17.969386],[-66.594392,17.970682],[-66.605035,17.969015],[-66.623788,17.98105],[-66.631944,17.982746],[-66.645651,17.98026],[-66.657797,17.974605],[-66.664391,17.968259],[-66.672819,17.966451],[-66.699115,17.977568],[-66.709856,17.982109],[-66.713394,17.987763],[-66.716957,17.990344],[-66.731118,17.991658],[-66.746248,17.990349],[-66.750427,17.995443],[-66.753964,17.99959],[-66.755341,18.001203],[-66.764491,18.006317],[-66.770307,18.005955],[-66.799656,17.99245],[-66.806866,17.983786],[-66.807924,17.979606],[-66.806903,17.976046],[-66.805683,17.975052],[-66.795106,17.977438],[-66.789302,17.980793],[-66.784953,17.978326],[-66.787245,17.972914],[-66.80827,17.965635],[-66.8224,17.954499],[-66.838584,17.949931],[-66.852288,17.955004],[-66.856474,17.956553],[-66.859471,17.954316],[-66.862545,17.952022],[-66.871697,17.952707],[-66.88344,17.952526],[-66.899639,17.948298],[-66.904585,17.950527],[-66.906532,17.955356],[-66.906276,17.963368],[-66.924529,17.972808],[-66.928651,17.970204],[-66.930414,17.963127],[-66.916127,17.959102],[-66.909483,17.952559],[-66.909359,17.94988],[-66.912522,17.947446],[-66.930313,17.943389],[-66.932636,17.939998],[-66.931581,17.9369],[-66.919298,17.932062],[-66.923826,17.926923],[-66.927261,17.926875],[-66.959998,17.940216],[-66.980516,17.951648],[-66.98105,17.952505],[-66.982669,17.9551],[-66.982206,17.961192],[-66.987287,17.970663],[-66.996738,17.972899],[-67.003972,17.970799],[-67.014744,17.968468],[-67.024522,17.970722],[-67.062478,17.973819],[-67.076534,17.967759],[-67.089827,17.951418],[-67.101468,17.946621],[-67.109985,17.945806],[-67.109986,17.945806],[-67.128251,17.948153],[-67.133733,17.951919],[-67.167031,17.963073],[-67.178566,17.964792],[-67.183508,17.962706],[-67.188717,17.950989],[-67.187474,17.946252],[-67.183694,17.937982],[-67.183457,17.931135],[-67.194785,17.932826],[-67.196924,17.935651],[-67.197273,17.937461],[-67.197517,17.941514],[-67.197668,17.943549],[-67.198988,17.94782],[-67.200973,17.949896],[-67.210034,17.953595],[-67.212101,17.956027],[-67.21433,17.962436],[-67.215271,17.983464],[-67.211973,17.992993],[-67.207694,17.998019],[-67.177893,18.008882],[-67.174299,18.011149],[-67.172397,18.014906],[-67.172138,18.021422],[-67.173761,18.024548],[-67.193269,18.03185],[-67.209887,18.035439],[-67.196694,18.066491],[-67.190656,18.064269],[-67.184589,18.06775],[-67.183938,18.069914],[-67.186465,18.074195],[-67.192999,18.076877],[-67.198212,18.076828],[-67.199314,18.091135],[-67.19529,18.096149],[-67.183921,18.103683],[-67.182182,18.108507],[-67.176554,18.151046],[-67.178618,18.159318],[-67.180822,18.168055],[-67.180701,18.168182],[-67.155185,18.195001],[-67.152665,18.203493],[-67.158001,18.216719],[-67.173,18.230666],[-67.175429,18.248008],[-67.187843,18.266671],[-67.187873,18.266874],[-67.189971,18.281015],[-67.196056,18.290443],[-67.209963,18.294974],[-67.225403,18.296648],[-67.226081,18.296722],[-67.235137,18.299935],[-67.267484,18.353149],[-67.27135,18.362329],[-67.268259,18.366989],[-67.260671,18.370197],[-67.23909,18.375318],[-67.226744,18.378247],[-67.216998,18.382078],[-67.202167,18.389908],[-67.160144,18.415587],[-67.159608,18.415915],[-67.156599,18.418983],[-67.155245,18.424401],[-67.156619,18.439562],[-67.161746,18.453462],[-67.169011,18.466352],[-67.169016,18.478488],[-67.164144,18.487396],[-67.14283,18.505485],[-67.138249,18.507776],[-67.125655,18.511706],[-67.103468,18.514523],[-67.093752,18.515757],[-67.07929,18.513256],[-67.020276,18.510603],[-66.988958,18.497724],[-66.95954,18.489878],[-66.957733,18.489129],[-66.957517,18.489171],[-66.944636,18.491693],[-66.906872,18.483556],[-66.90143,18.484552],[-66.867386,18.490785],[-66.849673,18.490745],[-66.83694,18.487659],[-66.836635,18.487701],[-66.79932,18.492775],[-66.780311,18.491411],[-66.764893,18.484097],[-66.749301,18.476701],[-66.742067,18.474681],[-66.733986,18.473457],[-66.710743,18.472611],[-66.683719,18.481367],[-66.679876,18.484944],[-66.664364,18.487809],[-66.645839,18.488777],[-66.624618,18.494199],[-66.586778,18.484948],[-66.584074,18.484287],[-66.565241,18.485523],[-66.562916,18.48845],[-66.563485,18.490512],[-66.558503,18.489987],[-66.53484,18.481253],[-66.533487,18.481663],[-66.529476,18.482877],[-66.511609,18.476848],[-66.470292,18.46907],[-66.456486,18.46892],[-66.449184,18.470991],[-66.441852,18.479751],[-66.439961,18.485525],[-66.438813,18.485713]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Puerto Rico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuinness, Charles Lee","contributorId":101249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinness","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175827,"text":"70175827 - 1947 - Ground-water resources of Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T16:31:58.736242","indexId":"70175827","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3634,"text":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water resources of Kansas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas Academy of Science","doi":"10.2307/3625943","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V., 1947, Ground-water resources of Kansas: Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, v. 50, no. 2, p. 105-114, https://doi.org/10.2307/3625943.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.04023104345244,\n 40.00963199137024\n ],\n [\n -102.04023104345244,\n 37.005406624743856\n ],\n [\n -94.56939761229677,\n 37.005406624743856\n ],\n [\n -94.55932083927976,\n 39.175646654014685\n ],\n [\n -95.0051858894479,\n 39.55128528818841\n ],\n [\n -94.83913402705961,\n 39.8029874402177\n ],\n [\n -95.15713878507813,\n 39.99113508822603\n ],\n [\n -102.04023104345244,\n 40.00963199137024\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dc4e4b03fd6b7da376f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}