{"pageNumber":"2694","pageRowStart":"67325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":53623,"text":"wri034261 - 2004 - Estimating the magnitude of bankfull flows for streams in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-31T07:39:39","indexId":"wri034261","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4261","title":"Estimating the magnitude of bankfull flows for streams in Idaho","docAbstract":"Methods for estimating magnitudes of peak\nflows with recurrence intervals of 1.5 and 2.33\nyears were developed for ungaged sites on streams\nthroughout Idaho. These peak flows represent the\nmagnitudes at and near bankfull stage and are\nneeded for quantification of water rights required\nto maintain or restore fish and wildlife habitats and\nriparian vegetation. Data from a previous report\ndetailing methods for estimating magnitudes with\nrecurrence intervals of 2 to 500 years were used in\nthis study.\n\nGeneralized least-squares regression techniques\nwere used to calculate the final coefficients\nand measures of accuracy for the regression equations\nfor each of nine regions. The equations relate\nbasin and climatic characteristics to peak flows\nwith recurrence intervals of 1.5 and 2.33 years. The\nbasin and climatic characteristics used to develop\nthe equations included drainage area, mean basin\nelevation, forested area, mean annual precipitation,\nbasin slope, north-facing slopes greater than 30 percent,\nand slopes greater than 30 percent. Average\nstandard errors of the regression model ranged from\n+150 to -60.1 percent, and average standard errors\nof prediction ranged from +165 to -62.2 percent.\nThe range of prediction errors was narrowest,\n-48.9 to -32.9 percent, for region 5.\nA computer program was developed to automate\nthe calculations required for the regional\nregression calculations. Results from this program\ncomprised calculated peak flows, site-specific standard\nerrors of prediction, and the 90-percent confidence intervals for the estimates.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Hortness, J., and Berenbrock, C., 2004, Estimating the magnitude of bankfull flows for streams in Idaho (Revised June 16, 2004): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4261, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034261.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262380,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4261/report.pdf"},{"id":262381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4261/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":266780,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4261/idregeq.zip"}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Nevada;Oregon;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.07,41.02 ], [ -119.07,49.0 ], [ -109.74,49.0 ], [ -109.74,41.02 ], [ -119.07,41.02 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised June 16, 2004","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69bb37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hortness, Jon 0000-0002-9809-2876 hortness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-2876","contributorId":3601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hortness","given":"Jon","email":"hortness@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184591,"text":"70184591 - 2004 - Editors' message: Hydrogeology Journal in 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:02:35","indexId":"70184591","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Editors' message: Hydrogeology Journal in 2003","docAbstract":"Hydrogeology Journal appeared in six issues containing a total of 710 pages and 48 major articles, including 31 Papers and 14 Reports, as well as some Technical Notes and Book Reviews. The number of submitted manuscripts continues to increase. The final issue of 2003 also contained the annual volume index. Hydrogeology Journal (HJ) is an international forum for hydrogeology and related disciplines and authors in 2003 were from about 28 countries. Articles advanced hydrogeologic science and described hydrogeologic systems in many regions worldwide. These articles focused on a variety of general topics and on studies of hydrogeology in 24 countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, France, India, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey, and U.S.A. The Guest Editor of the 2003 HJ theme issue on “Hydromechanics in Geology and Geotechnics”, Ove Stephansson, assembled a valuable collection of technical reviews and research papers from eminent authors on important aspects of the subject area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag ","doi":"10.1007/s10040-003-0317-x","usgsCitation":"Voss, C., Olcott, P., and Schneider, R., 2004, Editors' message: Hydrogeology Journal in 2003: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, no. 1, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-003-0317-x.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-003-0317-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c942e4b0f37a93ee9b33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford","contributorId":63150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olcott, Perry","contributorId":188041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olcott","given":"Perry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53443,"text":"ofr20041024 - 2004 - Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20041024","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1024","title":"Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site","docAbstract":"The Santa Rita B archaeological site is in the Chao Valley, approximately 65 km southeast of Trujillo, northern Peru. Location of Santa Rita B at the emergence of several drainages from the Andean cordillera is an important factor in the almost continuous occupation of the site over the past 3,000 years. \r\n\r\nMineral resources are abundant throughout the Andes; however, the north coast of Peru was an important center for pre-Columbian mining, metallurgy, and craftsmanship. Success of the Chavin, Moche, Chimu, and other north coast cultures is directly related to the availability and exploitation of mineral and energy resources that include: gold (?silver), as electrum, mainly from placers, and copper from local oxide and carbonate occurrences and from sulfides related to copper porphyry occurrences in the cordillera. An alloy of these three metals is referred to as tumbaga, which is the primary material for Andean metalcraft. \r\n\r\nAnthracite was used for mirrors by north coast cultures and is available near Rio Chicama, Rio Santa, and east of Santa Rita B. These outcrops are a part of the Alto Chicama, Peru's largest coalfield, which extends from Rio Chicama, in the north, for 200 km southward to Rio Santa. Charcoal from the algorrobo tree and llama dung are considered to be the common pre-Columbian energy sources for cooking and metalwork; however, availability and the higher heat content of anthracite indicate that it was used in metallurgical applications. Bitumen is available from petroleum seeps near Talara, north of the study area, and may have been used as glue or as cement. \r\n\r\nHematite, goethite, limonite, and manganese oxides from clay-altered volcanic rock may have provided color and material for ceramics. Guano from the Islas Gua?apes, Chinchas, and Ballestas was used as fertilizer for cotton and other crops.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041024","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., Kent, J., and Willett, J.C., 2004, Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1024, online only; 15 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041024.","productDescription":"online only; 15 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Jonathan D.","contributorId":107362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willett, Jason C. 0000-0002-7598-3174 jwillett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-3174","contributorId":3516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"Jason","email":"jwillett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53643,"text":"wri034298 - 2004 - Status of ground-water levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2000-January 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T22:56:16.477211","indexId":"wri034298","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4298","title":"Status of ground-water levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2000-January 2003","docAbstract":"The Equus Beds aquifer northwest of Wichita, Kansas, was developed to supply water to Wichita residents and for irrigation in south-central Kansas beginning on September 1, 1940. Ground-water pumping for city and agricultural use from the aquifer caused water levels to decline in a large part of the area. Irrigation pumpage in the area increased substantially during the 1970s and 1980s and accelerated water-level declines. A period of water-level rises associated with greater-than-average precipitation and decreased city pumpage from the study area began in 1993. An important factor in the decreased city pumpage was increased use of Cheney Reservoir as a water-supply source by the city of Wichita; as a result, city pumpage from the Equus Beds aquifer during 1993-2002 went from being greater than one-half to slightly less than one-third of Wichita's water usage. Since 1995, the city also has been investigating the use of artificial recharge in the study area to meet future water-supply needs and to protect the aquifer from the intrusion of saltwater from natural and human-related sources to the west.\r\n\r\nDuring January 2003, the direction of ground-water flow in the Equus Beds aquifer in the area was generally from west to east similar to predevelopment of the aquifer. The maximum water-level decline since 1940 for the period January 2000 to January 2003 was 29.54 feet in July 2002 at well 3 in the northern part of the area. Cumulative water-level changes from January 2000 to January 2003 typically were less than 4 feet with rises of less than 4 feet common in the central part of the area; however, declines of more than 4 feet occurred in the northwestern and southern parts of the area. \r\n\r\nThe recovery of water levels and aquifer storage volumes from record low levels in October 1992 generally continued to April 2000. The recovery of about 182,000 acre-feet of storage volume in the area from October 1992 to April 2000 represents about a 64-percent recovery of the storage depletion that occurred from August 1940 to October 1992. About 47 percent of this recovery was lost from April 2000 to October 2002 when storage volume in the area decreased by about 86,000 acre-feet. Major contributors to the decreases in water levels and storage volumes were reduced recharge associated with precipitation that was less than in the preceding 5 years and increased irrigation pumpage. The loss of storage probably would have been larger if the continued decrease in city pumpage, which is closely associated with the water-level rises in the central part of the study area, and increased city use of water from Cheney Reservoir had not occurred. The effect of artificial recharge on water levels and storage volume probably was masked by the generally larger decreases in city pumpage in the area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034298","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., and Aucott, W.R., 2004, Status of ground-water levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2000-January 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4298, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034298.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4942,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034298/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410602,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67625.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Wichita","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.375,\n 37.825\n ],\n [\n -97.375,\n 38.0733\n ],\n [\n -97.6956,\n 38.0733\n ],\n [\n -97.6956,\n 37.825\n ],\n [\n -97.375,\n 37.825\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4812e4b07f02db4d9cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aucott, Walter R.","contributorId":90275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156739,"text":"70156739 - 2004 - A spatial regression procedure for evaluating the relationship between AVHRR-NDVI and climate in the northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:40:01","indexId":"70156739","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial regression procedure for evaluating the relationship between AVHRR-NDVI and climate in the northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"The relationship between vegetation and climate in the grassland and cropland of the northern US Great Plains was investigated with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (1989–1993) images derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and climate data from automated weather stations. The relationship was quantified using a spatial regression technique that adjusts for spatial autocorrelation inherent in these data. Conventional regression techniques used frequently in previous studies are not adequate, because they are based on the assumption of independent observations. Six climate variables during the growing season; precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, daily maximum and minimum air temperature, soil temperature, solar irradiation were regressed on NDVI derived from a 10-km weather station buffer. The regression model identified precipitation and potential evapotranspiration as the most significant climatic variables, indicating that the water balance is the most important factor controlling vegetation condition at an annual timescale. The model indicates that 46% and 24% of variation in NDVI is accounted for by climate in grassland and cropland, respectively, indicating that grassland vegetation has a more pronounced response to climate variation than cropland. Other factors contributing to NDVI variation include environmental factors (soil, groundwater and terrain), human manipulation of crops, and sensor variation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylore & Francis","doi":"10.1080/0143116031000102548","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., and Peters, A.J., 2004, A spatial regression procedure for evaluating the relationship between AVHRR-NDVI and climate in the northern Great Plains: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 25, no. 2, p. 297-311, https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116031000102548.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"311","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034abe4b0f42e3d040de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":139587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Albert J.","contributorId":92517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53605,"text":"wri034271 - 2004 - Effect of water-column pH on sediment-phosphorus release rates in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:18:56","indexId":"wri034271","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4271","title":"Effect of water-column pH on sediment-phosphorus release rates in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2001","docAbstract":"Sediment-phosphorus release rates as a function of pH were determined in laboratory experiments for sediment and water samples collected from Shoalwater Bay in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, in 2001. Aerial release rates for a stable sediment/water interface that is representative of the sediment surface area to water column volume ratio (1:3) observed in the lake and volumetric release rates for resuspended sediment events were determined at three different pH values (8.1, 9.2, 10.2). Ambient water column pH (8.1) was maintained by sparging study columns with atmospheric air. Elevation of the water column pH to 9.2 was achieved through the removal of dissolved carbon dioxide by sparging with carbon dioxide-reduced air, partially simulating water chemistry changes that occur during algal photosynthesis. Further elevation of the pH to 10.2 was achieved by the addition of sodium hydroxide, which doubled average alkalinities in the study columns from about 1 to 2 milliequivalents per liter.\r\n\r\nUpper Klamath Lake sediments collected from the lake bottom and then placed in contact with lake water, either at a stable sediment/water interface or by resuspension, exhibited an initial capacity to take up soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) from the water column rather than release phosphorus to the water column. At a higher pH this initial uptake of phosphorus is slowed, but not stopped. This initial phase was followed by a reversal in which the sediments began to release SRP back into the water column. The release rate of phosphorus 30 to 40 days after suspension of sediments in the columns was 0.5 mg/L/day (micrograms per liter per day) at pH 8, and 0.9 mg/L/day at pH 10, indicating that the higher pH increased the rate of phosphorus release by a factor of about two. The highest determined rate of release was approximately 10% (percent) of the rate required to explain the annual internal loading to Upper Klamath Lake from the sediments as calculated from a lake-wide mass balance and observed in total phosphorus data collected at individual locations.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034271","usgsCitation":"Fisher, L.H., and Wood, T.M., 2004, Effect of water-column pH on sediment-phosphorus release rates in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4271, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034271.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4856,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034271/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Lawrence H.","contributorId":39240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53718,"text":"ofr03381 - 2004 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":53718,"text":"ofr03381 - 2004 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina","indexId":"ofr03381","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040740,"text":"sim2997 - 2012 - Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region, Tennessee and North Carolina","indexId":"sim2997","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region, Tennessee and North Carolina"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70040740,"text":"sim2997 - 2012 - Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region, Tennessee and North Carolina","indexId":"sim2997","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region, Tennessee and North Carolina"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T12:20:58","indexId":"ofr03381","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-381","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Surficial Geology of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina was mapped from 1993 to 2003 under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service (NPS). This 1:100,000-scale digital geologic map was compiled from 2002 to 2003 from unpublished field investigations maps at 1:24,000-scale. The preliminary surficial geologic data and map support cooperative investigations with NPS, the U.S. Natural Resource Conservation Service, and the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (http://www.dlia.org/) (Southworth, 2001). Although the focus of our work was within the Park, the geology of the surrounding area is provided for regional context. Surficial deposits document the most recent part of the geologic history of this part of the western Blue Ridge and eastern Tennessee Valley of the Valley and Ridge of the Southern Appalachians. Additionally, there is great variety of surficial materials, which directly affect the different types of soil and associated flora and fauna. The surficial deposits accumulated over tens of millions of years under varied climatic conditions during the Cenozoic era and resulted from a composite of geologic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03381","usgsCitation":"Southworth, S., Schultz, A., Denenny, D., and Triplett, J., 2004, Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-381, Report: 44 p.; Map: 54 x 30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03381.","productDescription":"Report: 44 p.; Map: 54 x 30 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110469,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62489.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"62489"},{"id":5060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-381/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 35.88\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 35.88\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 35.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a36b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, Scott","contributorId":93933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Art","contributorId":44982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Art","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denenny, Danielle","contributorId":78804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denenny","given":"Danielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Triplett, James","contributorId":93565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triplett","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53442,"text":"ofr20041023 - 2004 - Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20041023","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1023","title":"Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Peru","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041023","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., and Willett, J.C., 2004, Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Peru: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1023, online only; 5 figs, 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041023.","productDescription":"online only; 5 figs, 2 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5264,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willett, Jason C. 0000-0002-7598-3174 jwillett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-3174","contributorId":3516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"Jason","email":"jwillett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53441,"text":"ofr20041022 - 2004 - Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20041022","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1022","title":"Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Argentina","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041022","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., and Willett, J.C., 2004, Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Argentina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1022, online only; 6 fgis., 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041022.","productDescription":"online only; 6 fgis., 2 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5263,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willett, Jason C. 0000-0002-7598-3174 jwillett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-3174","contributorId":3516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"Jason","email":"jwillett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206481,"text":"70206481 - 2004 - A Floristic Quality Assessment system for the coastal prairie of Louisiana ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T06:55:31","indexId":"70206481","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-31T13:09:02","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A Floristic Quality Assessment system for the coastal prairie of Louisiana ","docAbstract":"Evaluation systems to assess the biotic integrity of plant communities exist for some ecosystems, but not the increasingly rare coastal prairies of Louisiana. A list of plant species occurring in Louisiana's coastal prairie was created and coefficients of conservatism (C) were assigned for each species. A Floristic Quality Index (FQI), which is calculated using the C values provided by a panel of experts, can be used to evaluate prairie remnants and restorations. We assigned C values from 0-10 based on their estimated degree of association with prairies of various levels of natural quality and their tolerance of disturbance. Those species given a rank of 0-3 are deemed to be colonizing species found in a variety of habitats and are adapted to fairly severe disturbance. Species with C values of 4-6 are those that are often common in fairly high quality coastal prairie, occur in other community types and are moderately tolerant of disturbance. Species with rankings of 7-8 are associated with high quality natural prairie habitat and slight disturbance. Those species ranking 9-10 are those restricted to very high-quality habitat and have a high fidelity to coastal prairie.
Unlike FQI systems devised for other areas, we also weight the coefficients assigned to nonnative species found in coastal prairie. We believe that the presence of exotic species in a native plant community lowers the conservation value of that community. Consequently, we assigned C values from -1 to -3 to nonnative species based on the perceived threat of their invasive potential and ability to exclude native species. Including the C values of exotic species allows the calculation of an adjusted floral quality index that provides an additional dimension to floristic quality analysis. This index will be of value to restorationists, managers and others involved in assessing the integrity of natural areas and developing management strategies based on these criteria.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 19th North American prairie conference: The conservation legacy lives on","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"19th North American Prairie Conference","conferenceDate":"August 8-12, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Madison, WI","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","usgsCitation":"Allain, L.K., Smith, L., Allen, C., Vidrine, M., and Grace, J.B., 2004, A Floristic Quality Assessment system for the coastal prairie of Louisiana , in Proceedings of the 19th North American prairie conference: The conservation legacy lives on, Madison, WI, August 8-12, 2004, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 29.673735421779128\n ],\n [\n -93.37280273437499,\n 29.76914573606667\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 29.54000879252545\n ],\n [\n -91.8182373046875,\n 29.482643134466617\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 29.180941290001776\n ],\n [\n -90.2362060546875,\n 29.07057414581467\n ],\n [\n -89.2529296875,\n 28.969700808694157\n ],\n [\n -89.0057373046875,\n 29.28160772298835\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 30.197366063272245\n ],\n [\n -89.6868896484375,\n 30.35391637229704\n ],\n [\n -89.769287109375,\n 30.59536556558809\n ],\n [\n -90.9832763671875,\n 30.420256142845158\n ],\n [\n -91.9281005859375,\n 30.36813582872057\n ],\n [\n -93.4222412109375,\n 30.339694848974247\n ],\n [\n -94.119873046875,\n 30.24957724046765\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 29.726222319395504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allain, Larry K. 0000-0002-7717-9761 allainl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":2414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","email":"allainl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Latimore","contributorId":192704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Latimore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Charles","contributorId":119821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vidrine, Malcolm","contributorId":79015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidrine","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70208241,"text":"70208241 - 2004 - Geochemistry of coastal tarballs in southern California—A tribute to I. R. Kaplan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T06:31:36","indexId":"70208241","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-31T12:25:58","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5903,"text":"Geochemical Society Special Publication","onlineIssn":" 1073-217","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of coastal tarballs in southern California—A tribute to I. R. Kaplan","docAbstract":"In the southern offshore California borderland, natural oil seeps occur mainly in the Santa Barbara Channel and Santa Monica Bay. Coastal tar residues (tarballs) from beaches bordering these water bodies were analyzed for six geochemical parameters: stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) and four biomarker ratios (C28IC29 hopane, sterane/hopane, refractory index, bisnorhopane index), and the presence or absence of trisnorhopane. The objectives of this study were to group these residues and infer possible sources and transport directions. Three major groups were established. Two groups are likely from natural seeps near the Channel Islands, whereas the third group probably comes from seeps within Santa Monica Bay. Residues from all groups occur on the Channel Islands and on mainland beaches from as far south as San Diego to Point Reyes north of San Francisco.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1873-9881(04)80016-6","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K.A., and Hostettler, F.D., 2004, Geochemistry of coastal tarballs in southern California—A tribute to I. R. Kaplan: Geochemical Society Special Publication, v. 9, p. 197-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1873-9881(04)80016-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"209","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":" Point Reyes on the north to San Diego on the south","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.8985595703125,\n 38.3287297527893\n ],\n [\n -123.9422607421875,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -119.871826171875,\n 32.14771106595571\n ],\n [\n -116.817626953125,\n 32.57459172113418\n ],\n [\n -122.8985595703125,\n 38.3287297527893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":781245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208083,"text":"70208083 - 2004 - Gravity, magnetic, and high‐precision relocated seismicity profiles suggest a connection between the Hayward and Calaveras Faults, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T13:11:37","indexId":"70208083","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-27T13:00:30","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity, magnetic, and high‐precision relocated seismicity profiles suggest a connection between the Hayward and Calaveras Faults, northern California","docAbstract":"Gravity, magnetic, and seismicity data profiled across the Hayward Fault Zone were generated as part of ongoing studies to help determine the geologic and tectonic setting of the San Francisco Bay region. These data, combined with previous geophysical studies that indicate that the Hayward Fault Zone dips 75°NE near San Leandro and follows a preexisting structure, reveal a possible direct connection between the seismogenic portion of the Hayward and Calaveras Faults at depth. Although the relocated seismicity data are regional in nature, they suggest that the dip of the Hayward Fault Zone may vary from near vertical in the northwestern part of the fault to about 75°NE at San Leandro in the central part of the fault to about 50°NE in the southeastern part of the fault. Gravity and magnetic data, profiled across the Hayward Fault Zone, were processed using standard geophysical techniques. Cross sections of high‐precision relocated hypocenters were constructed along each profile from the northwestern to the southeastern end of the Hayward Fault Zone. Profiles and cross sections are referenced to Pinole Point, where the Hayward Fault enters San Pablo Bay, and are spaced 2.5 km apart. Topographic profiles shown on the seismicity cross sections were generated using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5‐min, 30‐m digital elevation models. Relocation of seismicity data was accomplished using a regional double‐difference method. The double‐difference method incorporates ordinary travel time measurements and cross correlation of P and S wave differential travel time measurements. Relative locations between earthquakes have hypocentral errors of about 100 m horizontally and 250 m vertically. Absolute location uncertainties were not determined but are probably dramatically improved compared to the USGS's Northern California Seismic Network catalog data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GC000684","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Simpson, R.W., Graymer, R.W., and Jachens, R.C., 2004, Gravity, magnetic, and high‐precision relocated seismicity profiles suggest a connection between the Hayward and Calaveras Faults, northern California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, no. 7, p. 1-39, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000684.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -121.387939453125,\n 37.36142550190517\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -122.89306640624999,\n 38.12591462924157\n ],\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70208064,"text":"70208064 - 2004 - Limits of mountain and continental glaciations east of the Continental Divide in northern Montana and north-western North Dakota, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T11:10:09","indexId":"70208064","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-27T10:49:26","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5919,"text":"Developments in Quaternary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limits of mountain and continental glaciations east of the Continental Divide in northern Montana and north-western North Dakota, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the limits of glaciations and glacial history in, and east and south-east of, Glacier National Park, Montana, and on the Northern Plains further east in Montana and north-western North Dakota. The term “Laurentide glacier” was applied to a continental ice sheet east of the Rocky Mountains in North America. It describes Laurentide Ice Sheet as any Quaternary continental ice sheet east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. Laurentide till refers to till deposited by a Laurentide Ice Sheet. A Laurentide continental ice sheet is distinguished from a Cordilleran continental ice sheet in the Cordilleran region in parts of Washington, Idaho, and Montana in the United States and in adjacent Canada. Clague indicated that Cordilleran Ice Sheets formed several times during the Pleistocene. The chapter also reviews that the base for the digital map is simplified. Selected hydrographic features, selected towns and cities, selected physiographic features, and a grid of 1° × 2° topographic quadrangles are included to aid the reader in location of the glacial limits and other features depicted here on other maps at different scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80194-5","usgsCitation":"Fullerton, D.S., Colton, R.B., and Bush, C.A., 2004, Limits of mountain and continental glaciations east of the Continental Divide in northern Montana and north-western North Dakota, U.S.A.: Developments in Quaternary Sciences, v. 2, no. B, p. 131-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80194-5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota ","otherGeospatial":"Northern Montana and north-western North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5546875,\n 49.937079756975294\n ],\n [\n -113.66455078125,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -104.17236328125,\n 47.234489635299184\n ],\n [\n -104.17236328125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -101.77734374999999,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n -113.5546875,\n 49.937079756975294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fullerton, David S. fullerton@usgs.gov","contributorId":448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullerton","given":"David","email":"fullerton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colton, R. B.","contributorId":40186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208052,"text":"70208052 - 2004 - Chapter 11 The phosphoria formation: A model for forecasting global selenium sources to the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T16:22:02.433829","indexId":"70208052","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-25T09:30:01","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3872,"text":"Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 11 The phosphoria formation: A model for forecasting global selenium sources to the environment","docAbstract":"Mining of the Permian Phosphoria Formation — a marine, oil-generating, phosphatic shale — provided the selenium (Se) source implicated in the recent deaths of livestock in southeast Idaho. Field studies and the geohydrologic balance of Se in southeast Idaho confirm risk to animals from exposure to Se through leaching of mined waste shale into streams, discharge of regional drainage, and impoundment of drainage in wetland areas. Forage grown to stabilize waste rock contoured into hills or used as cross-valley fill provides an additional mechanism of Se exposure for the environment (Mackowiak et al., Chapter 19). The average Se concentration of the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation is an order of magnitude higher than those of other exploited marine shales that have been linked to incidences of Se toxicosis via oil refining and irrigation in the western United States.
The Phosphoria Formation accumulated in an environment that preserved organic matter and contributed to the formation of economic-grade phosphate and oil deposits. The addition of this phosphate-mining case study enables a comprehensive approach to the identification of marine sedimentary Se sources and a more complete range of ecotoxic field studies on which to establish the conditions and anthropogenic connections that determine uptake, release, and recycling of Se in food webs. A constructed conceptual model of Se pollution indicates that ancient organic-rich depositional marine basins, unre- stricted by age, are linked to the contemporary global distribution of Se source rocks. A global plot shows (a) the areal association of major basins hosting phosphate deposits and petroleum source rocks and (b) the importance of paleo-latitudinal setting in influencing the composition of the deposits. Given the geographic patterns, Se emerges as a contami- nant within specific regions of the globe that may limit phosphate mining, oil refining, and drainage of agricultural lands because of potential ecological risks to vulnerable food webs. Selenium also may serve as a geochemical exploration tool that signals an ancient productive biological environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80013-5","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., Piper, D.Z., Bird, K.J., Skorupa, J.P., Hamilton, S.J., Detwiler, S.J., and Huebner, M., 2004, Chapter 11 The phosphoria formation: A model for forecasting global selenium sources to the environment: Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry, v. 8, p. 299-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80013-5.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"319","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skorupa, J. P.","contributorId":93002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skorupa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Detwiler, S. J.","contributorId":207068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detwiler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huebner, M.A.","contributorId":59950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70208044,"text":"70208044 - 2004 - Chapter 14 Rex Chert member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Composition, with emphasis on elements of environmental concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T15:46:52.229752","indexId":"70208044","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-24T15:50:19","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Chapter 14 Rex Chert member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Composition, with emphasis on elements of environmental concern","docAbstract":"We present bulk chemical and mineralogical compositions, as well as petrographic and outcrop descriptions, of rocks collected from three measured outcrop sections of the Rex Chert Member of the Phosphoria Formation in southeast Idaho. The three measured sections were chosen from 10 outcrops of Rex Chert that were described in the field. The Rex Chert overlies the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation, the source of phosphate ore in the region. Rex Chert removed as overburden constitutes part of the material transferred to waste-rock piles during phosphate mining. It is also used to surface roads in the mining district. It has been proposed that the chert be used to cap and isolate waste piles, thereby inhibiting the leaching of potentially toxic elements into the environment. The rock samples studied here are from individual chert beds representative of each stratigraphic section sampled. The Cherty Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation that overlies the Rex Chert in measured section 1 and the upper Meade Peak and the transition zone to the Rex Chert in section 7 were also described and sampled.
The cherts are predominantly spiculite composed of granular and mosaic quartz, and sponge spicules, with various but minor amounts of other fossils and detrital grains. The Cherty Shale Member and transition rocks between the Meade Peak and Rex Chert are siliceous siltstones and argillaceous cherts with ghosts of sponge spicules and somewhat more detrital grains than the chert. The dominant mineral is quartz. Carbonate beds are rare in each section and are composed predominantly of calcite and dolomite in addition to quartz. Feldspar, mica, clay minerals, calcite, dolomite, and carbonate fluorapatite are minor to trace minerals in the chert.
The concentration of SiO2 in the chert averages 94.6 wt.%. Organic-carbon content is generally very low, but can be as much as 1.8% in Cherty Shale Member samples and as much as 3.3% in samples from the transition between the Meade Peak and Rex Chert. Likewise, phosphate (P2O5) is generally low in the chert, but can be as much as 3.1% in individual chert beds. Selenium concentrations in Rex Chert and Cherty Shale Member samples vary from <0.2 to 138 ppm, with a mean concentration of 7.0 ppm. This mean Se content is heavily dependent on two values of 101 and 138 ppm for siliceous siltstone from the lower part of the Rex Chert, which contains rocks that are transitional in character between the Meade Peak and Rex Chert Members. Without those two samples, the mean Se concentration is < 1.0 ppm. Other elements of environmental interest, As, Cr, V, Zn, Hg, and Cd, generally occur in concentrations near or below that in average continental shale. Stratigraphic changes, equivalent to temporal changes in the depositional basin, in chemical composition of rocks are notable either as uniform changes through the sections or as distinct differences in the mean composition of rocks that comprise the upper and lower halves of the sections.
Q-mode factors are interpreted to represent the following rock and mineral components: chert-silica component consisting of Si (±Ba); phosphorite-carbonate fluorapatite component composed of P, Ca, As, Y, V, Cr, Sr, and La (± Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Li, Se, Nd, Hg); shale component composed of Al, Na, Zr, K, Ba, Li, and organic C (± Ti, Mg, Se, Ni, Fe, Sr, V, Mn, Zn); carbonate component (dolomite, calcite, silicified carbonates) composed of carbonate C, Mg, Ca, and Si (±Mn); and, tentatively, organic matter-hosted elements (and/or sulfide-sulfate phases) composed of Cu (± organic C, Zn, Mn, Si, Ni, Hg, Li). Selenium shows a dominant association with organic matter and to lesser degrees associations with other shale components and carbonate fluorapatite. Consideration of larger numbers of factors in Q-mode analysis indicates that native Se (a factor containing Se (± Ba)) may also comprise a minor component of the Se complement.
Comparison of our data with those from newly exposed outcrops in active phosphate mines indicates that weathering of typical Rex Chert outcrops likely plays an important role in removing environmentally sensitive elements.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80016-0","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., McIntyre, B., Perkins, R., Piper, D.Z., and Evans, J.G., 2004, Chapter 14 Rex Chert member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Composition, with emphasis on elements of environmental concern, chap. 14 of Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry, v. 8, p. 399-426, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80016-0.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"426","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Southeast Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 42.65012181368022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, B.R.","contributorId":80485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, R.B.","contributorId":49501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, J. G.","contributorId":60214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70208042,"text":"70208042 - 2004 - Chapter 4 The meade peak member of the phosphoria formation: Temporal and spatial variations in sediment geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-24T15:49:58","indexId":"70208042","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-24T15:44:17","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3872,"text":"Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 4 The meade peak member of the phosphoria formation: Temporal and spatial variations in sediment geochemistry","docAbstract":"Variations in the geochemistry of rocks from the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation were examined using ratios of elements associated with either the +terrigenous or marine sediment fractions. Inter-element relationships in the terrigenous fraction appear useful for chemo-stratigraphic correlation. A sharp decrease upsection in K2O/AI2O3 ratios occurs in the lower half of all but the most northeasterly section, wherein an offset is still evident in average and minimum values. These offsets correspond closely to the lower Guadalupian Series boundary as defined by conodont zonations, coincident with a change from major low-stand to transgressive conditions. The offsets are possibly the result of increased transport distances or flooding of source areas related to transgres- sion of the Phosphoria sea on the Wyoming shelf. A series of intervals displaying high Fe2O3/Al2O3, Ba/Al2O3 and Sc/Al2O3 ratios occur in the upper beds of the easternmost sections. The intervals do not appear to reflect amplified marine signals, but rather the introduction of terrigenous sediment from a secondary source, or, simply, reworking of sediments under higher energy conditions. The westernmost section, presumably repre- senting the deepest parts of the Phosphoria basin, contains intervals with high Ba/Al2O3. We suggest these horizons represent periods of low sediment accumulation during maxi- mum flooding and high-stand conditions.
Inter-element relationships in the marine-derived sediment fraction indicate that bottom waters of the Phosphoria basin were dominantly denitrifying (suboxic). Ratios of Cd and Mo to Zn and Cu closely approach those in modern plankton in most of the sections, implying a major biogenic source for these elements. Exceptions occur through- out the westernmost (distal) section, possibly due to changes in the dominant plankton populations and relative nutrient uptakes, and in the upper part of the most northeasterly (shoreward, ramp) section, which we suggest is due to increased oxygen levels.
Relatively thick phosphatic layers occur in basinal areas due largely to lack of terrig- enous dilution during deposition. These basinal deposits appear to have lower concentra- tions of many trace elements than more shoreward deposits. This may reflect deposition away from areas of peak primary production. Alternatively, biogenic detritus in these areas may have been derived from differing populations of primary producers with differing nutrient requirements. Both mid-shelf (middle ramp) and marginal environments were sites of accumulation of rich phosphatic units with high concentrations of trace elements. Deposits from marginal areas have the most varied geochemistry, largely because they experienced greater variability in terrigenous sediment influx. Even moderate changes in sea level may have dramatically altered energy levels, sediment mixing, and the amount of organic detritus reaching the sediment surface in these shallower marginal areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80006-8","usgsCitation":"Perkins, R., and Piper, D.Z., 2004, Chapter 4 The meade peak member of the phosphoria formation: Temporal and spatial variations in sediment geochemistry: Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry, v. 8, p. 73-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80006-8.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Northwest United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 40.04443758460856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, R.B.","contributorId":49501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208038,"text":"70208038 - 2004 - Chapter 21 Western phosphate field - Depositional and economic deposit models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-24T15:41:57","indexId":"70208038","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-24T15:29:43","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3872,"text":"Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 21 Western phosphate field - Depositional and economic deposit models","docAbstract":"The Western Phosphate Field (WPF), composed of Permian marine sedimentary strata that cover over 300,000 km2 in the middle Rocky Mountains of Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming in the United States, contains vast resources of phosphate mined for fertilizer and a range of other industrial applications. The richest deposits of phosphate in the WPF occur in the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation in southeast Idaho.
Phosphate is an essential and even limiting nutrient of algal production, which occurs at the bottom of the marine food web in the oceanic photic zone. The high concentrations of phosphate and trace elements in the Phosphoria Formation reflect a low accumulation rate of diluting phases, such as terrigenous siliciclastic debris and carbonate, rather than an unusually high level of primary productivity at the time of deposition. Indeed, the mean rate of accumulation of PO43 required a continuous flux of PO43 into the basin and the photic zone of the water column, but only at a moderate level. This flux was maintained by upwelling of nutrient-rich seawater, imported at depth from the open ocean. Although only a fraction of the organic matter that hosted the PO43 and other nutrients (NO3, Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Zn) actually escaped oxidation in the water column, their rate of accu- mulation on the sea floor defined the basin hydrography.
Rates of accumulation of Cr, U, V, and rare-earth elements by precipitation and adsorp- tion reactions identify redox conditions in the bottom water as having been denitrifying, maintained by a balance between the rate of oxidation of organic matter settling through the water column and the flux of open-ocean seawater at depth. Atmospheric mixing maintained oxygen respiration in the uppermost several tens of meters of the water column. This hydrography and seawater chemistry are present in several sedimentary envi- ronments in the ocean today.
In the WPF, there is an estimated surface mineable reserve base and subeconomic resource of 7.6 billion mt, at an average grade of 24% P2O5; a subeconomic underground- mineable resource of 17 billion mt, at a grade of 28%; and 507 billion mt of subresource- grade phosphatic material that underlie the WPF at a depth greater than 305 m. The relationship between phosphate-ore specifications and weathering suggests that significant changes in processing, with associated cost increases, will be required to extend recovery of ore below the relatively strongly weathered zone near the surface.
Four open pit mines currently extract phosphate from two moderately to steeply dipping ore zones that typically contain between 20% and 35% P2O5. Although the shales are enriched in trace elements, especially As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Se, U, V, Zn, and rare-earth elements, the relative concentration of organic carbon and selected major element oxides determines the suitability of phosphate-rich rock for feed to processing plants and its other applications. Selected specifications from the four operating mines include the following: minimum P2O5 of 18-20% and average of 26-27%; maximum A12O3 of 1.6-5.0%; maximum MgO of 0.3-0.6%; a CaO/P2O5 ratio of 1.5-1.6; and total carbon content of 4%-5%. Weathering to a depth of as much as 100 m significantly enhances ore quality by decreasing the proportions of calcite, dolomite, and organic matter relative to carbonate fluorapatite, the primary ore mineral
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80023-8","usgsCitation":"Moyle, P.R., and Piper, D.Z., 2004, Chapter 21 Western phosphate field - Depositional and economic deposit models: Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry, v. 8, p. 575-598, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80023-8.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"598","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Western Phosphate field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 40.04443758460856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyle, Phillip R.","contributorId":100898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70217357,"text":"70217357 - 2004 - Posteruption suspended sediment transport at Mount St. Helens: Decadal‐scale relationships with landscape adjustments and river discharges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-20T13:37:16.556535","indexId":"70217357","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-20T07:35:05","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Posteruption suspended sediment transport at Mount St. Helens: Decadal‐scale relationships with landscape adjustments and river discharges","docAbstract":"Widespread landscape disturbance by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens abruptly increased sediment supply in surrounding watersheds. The magnitude and duration of the redistribution of sediment deposited by the eruption as well as decades‐ to centuries‐old sediment remobilized from storage have varied chiefly with the style of disturbance. Posteruption suspended sediment transport has been greater and more persistent from zones of channel disturbance than from zones of hillslope disturbance. Despite the severe landscape disturbances caused by the eruption, relationships between discharge magnitudes and frequencies and suspended sediment transport have been remarkably consistent. Discharges smaller than mean annual flows generally have transported <5%, but locally ∼15%, of the annual suspended sediment loads, and infrequent (p < 0.01), large floods have transported as much as 50% of the annual suspended sediment loads in a single day. However, moderate‐magnitude discharges (those greater than mean annual flows but less than 2‐year floods) have transported the greatest amounts of sediment from all disturbance zones. Such discharges have transported, on average, 60% to ∼95% of the annual suspended sediment loads, usually within cumulative periods of 1–3 weeks each year. Although small‐magnitude and large‐magnitude discharges have locally and episodically transported considerable amounts of suspended sediment, there has not been any notable change in the overall nature of the effective discharges; moderate‐magnitude flows have been the predominant discharges responsible for transporting the majority of suspended sediment during 20 years of posteruption landscape adjustment.
Microorganisms play an important role in the weathering of silicate minerals in many subsurface environments, but an unanswered question is whether the mineral plays an important role in the microbial ecology. Silicate minerals often contain nutrients necessary for microbial growth, but whether the microbial community benefits from their release during weathering is unclear. In this study, we used field and laboratory approaches to investigate microbial interactions with minerals and glasses containing beneficial nutrients and metals. Field experiments from a petroleum-contaminated aquifer, where silicate weathering is substantially accelerated in the contaminated zone, revealed that phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe)-bearing silicate glasses were preferentially colonized and weathered, while glasses without these elements were typically barren of colonizing microorganisms, corroborating previous studies using feldspars. In laboratory studies, we investigated microbial weathering of silicates and the release of nutrients using a model ligand-promoted pathway. A metal-chelating organic ligand 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4 DHBA) was used as a source of chelated ferric iron, and a carbon source, to investigate mineral weathering rate and microbial metabolism.
In the investigated aquifer, we hypothesize that microbes produce organic ligands to chelate metals, particularly Fe, for metabolic processes and also form stable complexes with Al and occasionally with Si. Further, the concentration of these ligands is apparently sufficient near an attached microorganism to destroy the silicate framework while releasing the nutrient of interest. In microcosms containing silicates and glasses with trace phosphate mineral inclusions, microbial biomass increased, indicating that the microbial community can use silicate-bound phosphate inclusions. The addition of a native microbial consortium to microcosms containing silicates or glasses with iron oxide inclusions correlated to accelerated weathering and release of Si into solution as well as the accelerated degradation of the model substrate 3,4 DHBA. We propose that silicate-bound P and Fe inclusions are bioavailable, and microorganisms may use organic ligands to dissolve the silicate matrix and access these otherwise limiting nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.09.001","usgsCitation":"Roger, J.R., and Bennett, P.C., 2004, Mineral stimulation of subsurface microorganisms: release of limiting nutrients from silicates: Chemical Geology, v. 203, no. 1-2, p. 91-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.09.001.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"108","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"203","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c942e4b0f37a93ee9b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roger, Jennifer Roberts","contributorId":187989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roger","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Roberts","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70223159,"text":"70223159 - 2004 - Seedling growth of Wisconsin fast plants (Brassica rapa) in field environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-12T16:15:49.767221","indexId":"70223159","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-12T10:32:16","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9142,"text":"Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology (TIEE)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Seedling growth of Wisconsin fast plants (Brassica rapa) in field environments","title":"Seedling growth of Wisconsin fast plants (Brassica rapa) in field environments","docAbstract":"In this 3-week laboratory, students investigate the effects of an abiotic or biotic ecological factor on the growth or reproduction of rapid-cycling brassica (Brassica rapa L.: Wisconsin Fast Plants) seedlings in the field. Measurable treatments include light, wind, herbivory, chemical or organic fertilizer, insecticides, and growth regulators (i.e., gibberellic acid spray, auxin paste). Students learn how to develop an hypothesis and apply the scientific method in a field setting. Students work in pairs and set up their experiments using previously prepared Wisconsin Fast Plant seedlings. One week later students harvest their plants during a return field trip after which they collect their data, write individual scientific reports, and present their findings in-class. This experiment is unique because Wisconsin Fast Plants are used in a field experiment instead of the usual laboratory setting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Barko, V., Burke, B.A., Gibson, D.J., and Middleton, B.A., 2004, Seedling growth of Wisconsin fast plants (Brassica rapa) in field environments: Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology (TIEE), v. 1, p. 1-15.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.esa.org/tiee/vol/v1/toc.html"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barko, Valerie","contributorId":148009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barko","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, Beth A.","contributorId":264222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burke","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibson, David J.","contributorId":140174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207713,"text":"70207713 - 2004 - Data report: Stable isotopic measurements of sedimentary organic matter and N. pachyderma (s.) from site 1166, Prydz Bay continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T15:45:45.708499","indexId":"70207713","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-07T13:26:55","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5905,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Data report: Stable isotopic measurements of sedimentary organic matter and N. pachyderma (s.) from site 1166, Prydz Bay continental shelf","title":"Data report: Stable isotopic measurements of sedimentary organic matter and N. pachyderma (s.) from site 1166, Prydz Bay continental shelf","docAbstract":"We report the results of downhole stable isotopic (![\"\"](\"http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/chars/delta.gif\")
ẟ13Corg [organic carbon] and ẟ15N) and elemental measurements (total organic carbon [TOC], total nitrogen [TN], and carbon/nitrogen [C/N]) of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) along with stable isotopic measurements (ẟ18O and ẟ13C) of left-coiling Neogloboquadrina pachyderma planktonic foraminifers from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1166. TOC and TN measurements indicate a large change from organic-rich preglacial sediments with primary organic matter to organic-poor early glacial and glacial sediments, with mainly recycled organic matter. Results of the stable isotopic measurements of SOM show a range of values that are typical of both marine and terrestrial organic matter, probably reflecting a mixture of the two. However, C/N values are mostly high (>15), suggesting greater input and/or preservation of terrestrial organic matter. Foraminifers are only present in glacial/glaciomarine sediments of latest Pliocene to Pleistocene age at Site 1166 (lithostratigraphic Unit I). The majority of this unit has ẟ13Corg and TOC values that are similar to those of glacial sediments recovered at Site 1167 (lithostratigraphic Unit II) on the slope and may have the same source(s). Although the low resolution of the N. pachyderma (s.) ẟ18O and ẟ13C data set precludes any specific paleoclimatic interpretation, downcore variations in foraminifer ẟ18O and ẟ13C values of 0.5![\"\"](\"http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/chars/permil.gif\")
to 1 amplitude may indicate glacial-interglacial changes in ice volume/temperature in the Prydz Bay region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.005.2003","usgsCitation":"Theissen, K.M., Dunbar, R., and Cooper, A.K., 2004, Data report: Stable isotopic measurements of sedimentary organic matter and N. pachyderma (s.) from site 1166, Prydz Bay continental shelf: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 188, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.005.2003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Prydz Bay continental shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ],\n [\n 86.923828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ],\n [\n 86.923828125,\n -66.10716955858041\n ],\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -66.10716955858041\n ],\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theissen, Kevin M.","contributorId":12322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theissen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunbar, Robert","contributorId":11090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207712,"text":"70207712 - 2004 - Seismic stratigraphic correlations between ODP sites 742 and 1166: Implications for depositional paleoenvironments in Prydz Bay, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T15:49:39.426333","indexId":"70207712","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-07T13:23:12","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5905,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic stratigraphic correlations between ODP sites 742 and 1166: Implications for depositional paleoenvironments in Prydz Bay, Antarctica","docAbstract":"New high-resolution seismic reflection data recorded between Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1166 and 742 are interpreted to link acoustic features to lithologic units at the two drill sites. New findings include: (1) Site 1166 drilled a deeper (older) section than Site 742; (2) Paleogene units mostly do not extend between the two sites, except the deformed sand unit (Units III [1166] and VI [742]); (3) the preglacial to glacial unconformity sampled at Site 1166 lies ~50 m below Site 742; (4) the Paleogene flooding surface at Site 1166 lies on top of Unit III, not within, as previously reported; and (5) Pliocene diatomaceous horizons correlated between the sites based on downhole logging cannot be traced between the two sites in seismic data.
For the study region, we infer a progression from a preglacial setting on a low-relief alluvial plain to glaciomarine and subglacial settings. Late Cretaceous alluvial plain and lagoonal environments evolved to a late Eocene broad fluvial channel system or outwash plain. Marine transgression infilled and buried the channel system with glacial deposits that were extensively eroded during the Oligocene to late Miocene. Late Neogene environments were mostly subglacial with episodes of reduced ice and biogenic deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.011.2004","usgsCitation":"Erohina, T., Cooper, A.K., Handwerger, D.A., and Dunbar, R., 2004, Seismic stratigraphic correlations between ODP sites 742 and 1166: Implications for depositional paleoenvironments in Prydz Bay, Antarctica: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 188, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.011.2004.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Prydz Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ],\n [\n 86.923828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ],\n [\n 86.923828125,\n -66.10716955858041\n ],\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -66.10716955858041\n ],\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erohina, Tzvetina","contributorId":221607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erohina","given":"Tzvetina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Handwerger, D. A.","contributorId":221602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handwerger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunbar, Robert","contributorId":11090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207711,"text":"70207711 - 2004 - Synthetic seismograms linking ODP sites to seismic profiles, continental rise and shelf of Prydz Bay, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T15:57:07.568594","indexId":"70207711","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-07T13:03:20","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5905,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthetic seismograms linking ODP sites to seismic profiles, continental rise and shelf of Prydz Bay, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Synthetic seismograms provide a crucial link between lithologic variations within a drill hole and reflectors on seismic profiles crossing the site. In essence, they provide a ground-truth for the interpretation of seismic data. Using a combination of core and logging data, we created synthetic seismograms for Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1165 and 1166, drilled during Leg 188, and Site 742, drilled during Leg 119, all in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Results from Site 1165 suggest that coring penetrated a target reflector initially thought to represent the onset of drift sedimentation, but the lithologic change across the boundary does not show a change from predrift to drift sediments. The origin of a shallow reflector packet in the seismic line across Site 1166 and a line connecting Sites 1166 and 742 was resolved into its constituent sources, as this reflector occurs in a region of large-scale, narrowly spaced impedance changes. Furthermore, Site 1166 was situated in a fluvio-deltaic system with widely variable geology, and bed thickness changes were estimated between the site and both seismic lines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.010.2004","usgsCitation":"Handwerger, D.A., Cooper, A.K., O’Brien, P.E., Williams, T., Barr, S.R., Leventer, A., and Jarrard, R., 2004, Synthetic seismograms linking ODP sites to seismic profiles, continental rise and shelf of Prydz Bay, Antarctica: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 188, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.010.2004.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Prydz Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ],\n [\n 86.923828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ],\n [\n 86.923828125,\n -66.10716955858041\n ],\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -66.10716955858041\n ],\n [\n 64.3798828125,\n -72.4487915573067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handwerger, D. A.","contributorId":221602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handwerger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, P. E.","contributorId":91271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, T.","contributorId":47584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barr, S. R.","contributorId":92473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leventer, A.","contributorId":55587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leventer","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jarrard, R. D.","contributorId":58074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarrard","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70207710,"text":"70207710 - 2004 - Prydz channel fan and the history of extreme ice advances in Prydz Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T16:01:42.725593","indexId":"70207710","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-07T12:54:14","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5905,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prydz channel fan and the history of extreme ice advances in Prydz Bay","docAbstract":"During the late Neogene, the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf drainage system flowed across Prydz Bay in an ice stream that reached the shelf edge and built a trough mouth fan on the upper continental slope. The adjacent banks saw mostly subglacial till deposition beneath slower-moving ice. The fan consists mostly of debris flow deposits derived from the melting out of subglacial debris at the grounding line at the continental shelf edge. Thick debris flow intervals are separated by thin mudstone horizons deposited when the ice had retreated from the shelf edge. Age control at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1167 indicates that the bulk of the trough mouth fan was deposited prior to ~780 ka with as few as three debris flow intervals deposited since then. This stratigraphy indicates that extreme advances of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system ceased during the mid-Pleistocene. Possible causes for this change are progressive over-deepening of the inner shelf, a reduction in maximum ice volumes in the interior of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet caused by temperature change, and a change in the interaction of Milankovich cycles and the response time of the ice sheet.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.016.2004","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, P.E., Cooper, A.K., Florindo, F., Handwerger, D.A., Lavelle, M.J., Passchier, S., Pospichal, J., Quilty, P.G., Richter, C., Theissen, K., and Whitehead, J.M., 2004, Prydz channel fan and the history of extreme ice advances in Prydz Bay: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 188, 14, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.016.2004.","productDescription":"14, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Prydz_channel_fan_and_the_history_of_extreme_ice_advances_in_Prydz_Bay/22849931","text":"External Repository"},{"id":371041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Antarctica","otherGeospatial":"Prydz Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 72.1142578125,\n -69.86232824624318\n ],\n [\n 79.12353515625,\n -69.86232824624318\n ],\n [\n 79.12353515625,\n -67.04173496919447\n ],\n [\n 72.1142578125,\n -67.04173496919447\n ],\n [\n 72.1142578125,\n -69.86232824624318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, P. E.","contributorId":91271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Florindo, F.","contributorId":49205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florindo","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handwerger, D. A.","contributorId":221602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handwerger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lavelle, Michael J.","contributorId":172270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lavelle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Passchier, S.","contributorId":15117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Passchier","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pospichal, J. J.","contributorId":221603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pospichal","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Quilty, P. G.","contributorId":221604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quilty","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Richter, Carl","contributorId":27861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Theissen, K. M.","contributorId":22119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theissen","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whitehead, J. M.","contributorId":221605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitehead","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70207709,"text":"70207709 - 2004 - Leg 188 synthesis: Transitions in the glacial history of the Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica, from ODP drilling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-20T15:32:21.933498","indexId":"70207709","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-07T12:27:29","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5905,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leg 188 synthesis: Transitions in the glacial history of the Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica, from ODP drilling","docAbstract":"Drilling during Leg 119 (1988) and Leg 188 (2000; Sites 1165–1167) of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) provides direct evidence for long- and short-term changes in Cenozoic paleoenvironments in the Prydz Bay region. Cores from across the continental margin reveal that in preglacial times the present shelf was an alluvial plain system with austral conifer woodland in the Late Cretaceous that changed to cooler Nothofagus rainforest scrub by the middle to late Eocene (Site 1166). Earliest recovered evidence of nearby mountain glaciation is seen in late Eocene–age grain textures in fluvial sands. In the late Eocene to early Oligocene, Prydz Bay permanently shifted from being a fluvio-deltaic complex to an exclusively marine continental shelf environment. This transition is marked by a marine flooding surface later covered by overcompacted glacial sediments that denote the first advance of the ice sheet onto the shelf. Cores do not exist for the early Oligocene to early Miocene, and seismic data are used to infer the transition from a shallow to normal depth prograding continental shelf with submarine canyons on the slope and channel/levees on the rise.
Cores from the continental rise at Site 1165 show long-term (millions of years) early Miocene and younger decreases in sedimentation rates as well as short-term (Milankovitch periods) cyclicity between principally biogenic and terrigenous sediment supply—resulting from the cyclic presence of onshore glaciers and changes in ocean circulation. Middle Miocene transitions include rapid decreases in sedimentation rates, increased ice-rafted debris, shifts in clays and other minerals, and regional erosion of the slope and rise. These transitions may reflect enhanced glacial erosion and reduced glacial meltwater from progressively colder ice. At this time, seismic data show that depocenters began to shift from the outer continental rise to the base of the continental slope coincident with the initial stages of the glacial erosion and overdeepening of the continental shelf.
During the late Miocene to early Pliocene there was a transition to greater subglacial activity on the shelf and more pronounced cyclic facies variations on the continental rise. At this time, severe glacial morphologies initiated on the shelf with the erosion of Prydz Channel and other troughs by fast-moving ice and the deposition of overcompacted glacial diamictons by slow-moving ice on adjacent banks. The Prydz trough-mouth fan also began to form with alternating deposition of debris flows (ice at shelf edge) and muddy units (reduced ice) (Site 1167). The fan also records a transition during the late Pleistocene for times younger than 780 k.y. when short-term glacial variations continued but ice reached the shelf edge only a few times.
Both short-term and long-term transitions characterize the Cenozoic evolution of the Prydz Bay region from the Cretaceous nonglacial to late Neogene full-glacial paleoenvironments. These transitions are known only from ODP cores, and further insights will require additional drilling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Discovery Program","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.ir.188.101.2001","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.K., and O’Brien, P.E., 2004, Leg 188 synthesis: Transitions in the glacial history of the Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica, from ODP drilling: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 188, p. 1-65, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.188.101.2001.","productDescription":"66 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Antarctica","otherGeospatial":"Prydz Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 65.7421875,\n -70.0205873017406\n ],\n [\n 87.5390625,\n -70.0205873017406\n ],\n [\n 87.5390625,\n -67.2040323434008\n ],\n [\n 65.7421875,\n -67.2040323434008\n ],\n [\n 65.7421875,\n -70.0205873017406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, P. E.","contributorId":91271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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