Ground water samples collected from the Norman Landfill research site in central Oklahoma were analyzed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's national reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and other organic waste water contaminants (OWCs) in ground water. Five sites, four of which are located downgradient of the landfill, were sampled in 2000 and analyzed for 76 OWCs using four research methods developed by the USGS. OWCs were detected in water samples from all of the sites sampled, with 22 of the 76 OWCs being detected at least once. Cholesterol (a plant and animal steroid), was detected at all five sites and was the only compound detected in a well upgradient of the landfill. N,Ndiethyltoluamide (DEET used in insect repellent) and tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (fire-retardant) were detected in water samples from all four sites located within the landfill-derived leachate plume. The sites closest to the landfill had more detections and greater concentrations of each of the detected compounds than sites located farther away. Detection of multiple OWCs occurred in the four sites located within the leachate plume, with a minimum of four and a maximum of 17 OWCs detected. Because the landfill was established in the 1920s and closed in 1985, many compounds detected in the leachate plume were likely disposed of decades ago. These results indicate the potential for long-term persistence and transport of some OWCs in ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Publishing Company","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00720.x","usgsCitation":"Barnes, K., Christenson, S.C., Kolpin, D.W., Focazio, M.J., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., Meyer, M.T., and Barber, L.B., 2004, Pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants within a leachate plume downgradient of a municipal landfill: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 24, no. 2, p. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00720.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70164321,"text":"70164321 - 2004 - Occurrence of human pharmaceuticals in water resources of the United States: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-17T10:09:33","indexId":"70164321","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Occurrence of human pharmaceuticals in water resources of the United States: A review","docAbstract":"The widespread environmental presence of some pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater compounds has been documented globally (e.g. Buser et al. 1998; Ternes 1998; Stumpf et al.1999; Heberer et al. 2001; Kümmerer 2001; Ternes et al. 2001; Scheytt et al. 2001; Golet et al. 2002; Kolpin et al. 2002; Boyd et al. 2003; Metcalf et al. 2003). Recently, there have been several literature reviews and summary studies of the occurrence, fate, transport, and treatment of targeted human pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and associated environmental waters across the globe (e.g. Daughton and Ternes 1999; Sedlak et al. 2000; Suter and Giger 2000; Daughton and Jones-Lepp 2001; Jones et al. 2001; Heberer 2002; and Drewes et al. 2002). The occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in water resources is explained by their ubiquitous use, excretion of large percentages of the mass consumed, and incomplete removal during wastewater treatment (Stumpf et al.1999). The recent increase in detection of trace concentrations (typically less than a part per billion) of pharmaceuticals in water resources across the globe reflects improvements in laboratory analytical methods (Sedlak et al. 2000) and the associated increases in field surveys. The detection of pharmaceutical compounds in large rivers in Europe and in the North Sea (Buser et al. 1998; Ternes 1998; Stumpf et al. 1999) highlighted the fact that highly soluble, trace organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, may escape removal in wastewater treatment, and the mixing and concentration of wastewaters through conventional wastewater treatment processes could provide a means of delivering these chemicals to environmental waters in a manner that would contaminate water resources on a large scale at trace levels (Richardson and Bowron 1985). In the United States, some of the first detections of a limited number of pharmaceutically active compounds or their transformation products were found in waters associated with landfill leachates or sewage effluent (Tabak and Bunch 1970; Garrison et al. 1976; Hignite and Azarnoff 1977; Bouwer et al. 1982; Eckel et al. 1991) decades ago. At the time of these studies, other industrial contaminants were the focus of regulatory and scientific interest; therefore, further studies on the environmental occurrence and transport of pharmaceutical compounds were rare.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pharmaceuticals in the environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., Kolpin, D., and Furlong, E., 2004, Occurrence of human pharmaceuticals in water resources of the United States: A review, chap. of Pharmaceuticals in the environment, p. 91-105.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-662-09259-0_7"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fe3e4b010e2af2a5df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217356,"text":"70217356 - 2004 - Landslides triggered by the 13 January and 13 February 2001 earthquakes in El Salvador","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T17:54:13.605173","indexId":"70217356","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T11:47:54","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslides triggered by the 13 January and 13 February 2001 earthquakes in El Salvador","docAbstract":"During a one-month period in early 2001, El Salvador experienced two devastating earthquakes. On 13 January, a M-7.7 earthquake centered ∼40 km off the southern coast in the Pacific Ocean caused widespread damage and fatalities throughout much of the country. The earthquake triggered thousands of landslides that were broadly scattered across the southern half of the country. The most damaging landslide, a rapidly moving mass of ∼130, 000 m 3, occurred in the Las Colinas neighborhood of Santa Tecla, where ∼585 people were killed. Another large landslide (∼750, 000 m 3) near the city of San Vicente blocked the Pan-American Highway for several weeks. One month later, on 13 February, a M-6.6 earthquake occurred ∼40 km east-southeast of San Salvador and triggered additional thousands of landslides in the area east of Lake Ilopango. The landslides were concentrated in a 2500 km2 area and were particularly abundant in areas underlain by thick deposits of poorly consolidated, late Pleistocene and Holocene Tierra Blanca rhyolitic tephras erupted from Ilopango caldera. Most of the triggered landslides were relatively small, shallow failures, but two large landslides occurred that blocked the El Desagüe River and the Jiboa River. The two earthquakes triggered similar types of landslides, but the distribution of triggered landslides differed because of different earthquake source parameters. The largemagnitude, deep, offshore earthquake triggered broadly scattered landslides over a large region, whereas the shallow, moderate-magnitude earthquake centered within the country triggered a much smaller, denser concentration of landslides. These results are significant in the context of seismic-hazard mitigation for various earthquake scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2375-2.69","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., Crone, A.J., Harp, E., Baum, R., Major, J.J., Pullinger, C., Escobar, C., Martinez, M., and Smith, M.E., 2004, Landslides triggered by the 13 January and 13 February 2001 earthquakes in El Salvador: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 375, p. 69-88, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2375-2.69.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"El Salvador","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 13.81674404684894\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 12.983147716796578\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 12.983147716796578\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 13.81674404684894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"375","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W.","contributorId":247850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":808493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harp, Edwin harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":202660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":207518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pullinger, Carlos","contributorId":57511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pullinger","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Escobar, C.D.","contributorId":54640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escobar","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martinez, Mauricio","contributorId":74041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Mauricio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Mark E.","contributorId":75584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70217355,"text":"70217355 - 2004 - Debris-flow hazards at San Salvador, San Vicente, and San Miguel volcanoes, El Salvador","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T17:42:46.635598","indexId":"70217355","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T11:34:18","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debris-flow hazards at San Salvador, San Vicente, and San Miguel volcanoes, El Salvador","docAbstract":"Volcanic debris flows (lahars) in El Salvador pose a significant risk to tens of thousands of people as well as to property and important infrastructure. Major cities and nearly a third of the country's population are located near San Salvador, San Vicente, and San Miguel volcanoes. Debris flows traveling as little as 4 km from source at these volcanoes put hundreds to thousands of lives, property, and infrastructure at risk.
We used a statistically based model that relates debris-flow volume to cross-sectional and planimetric inundation areas to evaluate spatial patterns of inundation from a suite of debris flows ranging in volume from 100,000 m3 to as large as 100 million m3 and examined prehistoric deposits and a limited number of historical events at these volcanoes to estimate probable frequencies of recurrence. Our analyses show that zones of greatest debris-flow hazard generally are focused within 10 km of the summits of the volcanoes. For typical debris-flow velocities (3–10 m/s), these hazard areas can be inundated within a few minutes to a few tens of minutes after the onset of a debris flow. Our analyses of debris-flow recurrence at these volcanoes suggest that debris flows with volumes of 100,000 m3 to as large as 500,000 m3 have probable return periods broadly in the range of ∼10 to 100 yr. Debris flows having volumes less than 100,000 m3 probably recur more frequently, especially at San Miguel volcano.
Despite the limited extents of the hazard zones portrayed in our analyses, even the smallest debris flows could be devastating. Urban and agricultural expansions have encroached onto the flanks of the volcanoes, and debris-flow–hazard zones extend well into areas that are settled densely or used for agriculture. Therefore, people living, working, or recreating along channels that drain the volcanoes must learn to recognize potentially hazardous conditions, be aware of the extents of debris-flow–hazard zones, and be prepared to evacuate to safer ground when hazardous conditions develop.
","largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards in El Salvador","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2375-2.89","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Schilling, S.P., Pullinger, C., and Escobar, C., 2004, Debris-flow hazards at San Salvador, San Vicente, and San Miguel volcanoes, El Salvador: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 375, p. 89-108, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2375-2.89.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"108","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"San Salvador","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 13.81674404684894\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 12.983147716796578\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 12.983147716796578\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 13.81674404684894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"375","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pullinger, Carlos","contributorId":57511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pullinger","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Escobar, C.D.","contributorId":54640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escobar","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70240441,"text":"70240441 - 2004 - Inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis in crude oil- and creosote-contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T17:28:54.406921","indexId":"70240441","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T11:16:15","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1042,"text":"Bioremediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis in crude oil- and creosote-contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Results from a series of studies of methanogenic processes in crude oil- and creosote-contaminated aquifers indicate that acetoclastic methanogenesis is inhibited near non-aqueous sources. At a crude oil-contaminated site, numbers of acetoclastic methanogens found close to crude oil were one hundred times fewer than those of hydrogen- and formate-utilizing methanogens. In laboratory toxicity assays, crude oil collected from the site inhibited methane production from acetate but not from formate or hydrogen. Toxicity assays with aqueous creosote extract completely inhibited acetate utilization over the range of tested dilutions but only mildly affected formate and hydrogen utilization. The combined results from the laboratory and field studies suggest that in methanogenic contaminated aquifers, inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis may lead to a buildup of acetate relative to dissolved organic carbon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10889860490465840","usgsCitation":"Warren, E., Bekins, B.A., Godsy, E.M., and Smith, V.K., 2004, Inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis in crude oil- and creosote-contaminated groundwater: Bioremediation Journal, v. 8, no. 1-2, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1080/10889860490465840.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Minnesota","city":"Bemidji, Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.94825567887175,\n 47.510004595874534\n ],\n [\n -94.94825567887175,\n 47.41809133602223\n ],\n [\n -94.81641974137156,\n 47.41809133602223\n ],\n [\n -94.81641974137156,\n 47.510004595874534\n ],\n [\n -94.94825567887175,\n 47.510004595874534\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.39555721398766,\n 30.591676071104317\n ],\n [\n -87.39555721398766,\n 30.32078312407623\n ],\n [\n -87.08408284572732,\n 30.32078312407623\n ],\n [\n -87.08408284572732,\n 30.591676071104317\n ],\n [\n -87.39555721398766,\n 30.591676071104317\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warren, Ean ewarren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Ean","email":"ewarren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsy, E. Michael","contributorId":45842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Virginia K.","contributorId":72021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170329,"text":"70170329 - 2004 - An annotated bibliography of selected guides for stream habitat improvement in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:22:11","indexId":"70170329","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"An annotated bibliography of selected guides for stream habitat improvement in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"This annotated bibliography is a response to widespread interest in stream habitat improvement in the Pacific Northwest by land managers, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and the lay public. Several guides to stream habitat improvement have been written in the past, but may not be easily accessible to people from diverse backgrounds. This annotated bibliography reviews 11 guides to stream habitat improvement so that readers can find literature appropriate to their needs. All reviews begin with summaries of the contents, stated audiences, and goals of each guide. Reviews also include subjective comments on the strengths and weaknesses of each guide. Finally, this bibliography includes recommendations of guides and combinations of guides judged most useful for a range of purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Forest Research Lab, College of Forestry, Oregon State University","publisherLocation":"Corvallis, OR","usgsCitation":"Keim, R., Price, A., Hardin, T.S., Skaugset, A.E., Bateman, D., Gresswell, R., and Tesch, S.D., 2004, An annotated bibliography of selected guides for stream habitat improvement in the Pacific Northwest, 33 p.","productDescription":"33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":202,"text":"Cooperative Forest Ecosystem Research","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fresc.usgs.gov/products/ProductDetails.aspx?ProductNumber=1256"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5716052fe4b0ef3b7ca91fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keim, R.F.","contributorId":62840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, A.B.","contributorId":66045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardin, T. S.","contributorId":168650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skaugset, Arne E.","contributorId":145929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skaugset","given":"Arne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bateman, D.S.","contributorId":21103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tesch, S. D.","contributorId":168651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tesch","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70239132,"text":"70239132 - 2004 - Preparation and analysis of nitrogen-bearing compounds in water for stable isotope ratio measurement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-28T17:20:23.713807","indexId":"70239132","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T11:13:27","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Preparation and analysis of nitrogen-bearing compounds in water for stable isotope ratio measurement","docAbstract":"This chapter reviews methods for analyzing \"natural abundance\" nitrogen-bearing compounds in water for δ15N, δ18O, and δ17O. The techniques that are reviewed are Kjeldahl distillation and digestion, diffusion, micro diffusion, ion exchange, and microbial denitrifier methods. It overlaps the contents of the preparation of ecological and biogeochemical samples for isotope analysis and also covers sections on particulate organic nitrogen and biological samples. Nitrogen comprises 78% of the atmosphere, oxygen 21% and argon 1%. There are two stable isotopes of N are 14N and 15N and a wide range of oxidation numbers exhibited by nitrogen compounds. Developments of continuous-flow mass spectrometry makes it possible to determine both δ15N and δ18O values of nitrate samples. Such techniques are particularly useful for small-size samples. With decreasing sample size, possible isotopic fractionations associated with extraction from the matrix, contaminants in the reagents, and leaks will become more significant. Due to the interest in distinguishing different species of organic-N compounds, the diffusion method is applied to differentiate types of organic-N.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of stable isotope analytical techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-044451114-0/50017-X","usgsCitation":"Chang, C.C., Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., Michalski, G., Casciotti, K.L., and Wankel, S.D., 2004, Preparation and analysis of nitrogen-bearing compounds in water for stable isotope ratio measurement, chap. 15 of Handbook of stable isotope analytical techniques, v. 1, p. 305-347, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451114-0/50017-X.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"347","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"de Groot, P. 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The emerging techniques of continuous-flow mass-spectrometry are discussed as they are employed in both dual-inlet and continuous-flow mass-spectrometry. The size, chemical composition, and isotopic abundance of aqueous samples vary widely depending on their type, origin, and history. Automated gas equilibration methods are very suitable and are becoming standard techniques in many isotope hydrology laboratories. The increased analytical precisions are due to the subsequent development of modern gas-source isotope-ratio mass spectrometers with dual-inlets and multi-collectors, have caused the proliferation of new analytical methods and applications for the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of water. For natural hydrologic samples and new developments of continuous-flow mass spectrometry, it is possible to determine both δD and δ18O values, as they can provide two-dimensional information. The most significant progress in analytical techniques for stable isotope analysis of water is witnessed. Hence, overall quality control of isotopic data is becoming an important issue.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California--hydrogeologic framework and transient groundwater flow model","language":"English","publisher":"US Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Faunt, C.C., D’Agnese, F.A., and O’Brien, G.M., 2004, Hydrology: Chapter D, chap. of Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California--hydrogeologic framework and transient groundwater flow model, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e877e4b034bf6a800f58","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Belcher, Wayne R.","contributorId":79446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"Wayne R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747113,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":130958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747114,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. ccfaunt@usgs.gov","contributorId":149018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Agnese, Frank A.","contributorId":47810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, Grady M.","contributorId":71197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Grady","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046914,"text":"70046914 - 2004 - Watersheds for U.S Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) sampling sites 1996-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T10:49:50","indexId":"70046914","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Watersheds for U.S Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) sampling sites 1996-2000","docAbstract":"A digital representation of the watersheds of 43 sites on large river systems sampled by the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2000 was created primarily from 1:250,000 hydrologic units(HUCs) in the United States. Watershed information from Canada and Mexico was incorporated to complete the areas draining to the sampling sites from outside the United States. The sampled rivers are in one of four major river systems: the Mississippi, the Colorado, the Rio Grande, or the Columbia.","doi":"10.3133/70046914","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Watersheds for U.S Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) sampling sites 1996-2000 (1.0), Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046914.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274742,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/nasqan2k.xml"}],"country":"Canada;Mexico;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -126.968527,22.728494 ], [ -126.968527,54.743707 ], [ -74.347544,54.743707 ], [ -74.347544,22.728494 ], [ -126.968527,22.728494 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30f1e4b0f72b44719ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70244526,"text":"wsp2220_2004 - 2004 - Basic ground-water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-19T19:22:01.310275","indexId":"wsp2220_2004","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T10:38:23","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2220","title":"Basic ground-water hydrology","docAbstract":"Ground water is one of the Nation's most valuable natural resources. It is the source of about 40 percent of the water used for all purposes exclusive of hydropower generation and electric powerplant cooling.
Surprisingly, for a resource that is so widely used and so important to the health and to the economy of the country, the occurrence of ground water is not only poorly understood but is also, in fact, the subject of many widespread misconceptions. Common misconceptions include the belief that ground water occurs in underground rivers resembling surface streams whose presence can be detected by certain individuals. These misconceptions and others have hampered the development and conservation of ground water and have adversely affected the protection of its quality.
In order for the Nation to receive maximum benefit from its ground-water resource, it is essential that everyone, from the rural homeowner to managers of industrial and municipal water supplies to heads of Federal and State water-regulatory agencies, become more knowledgeable about the occurrence, development, and protection of ground water. This report has been prepared to help meet the needs of these groups, as well as the needs of hydrologists, well drillers, and others engaged in the study and development of ground-water supplies. It consists of 45 sections on the basic elements of ground-water hydrology, arranged in order from the most basic aspects of the subject through a discussion of the methods used to determine the yield of aquifers to a discussion of common problems encountered in the operation of ground-water supplies.
Each section consists of a brief text and one or more drawings or maps that illustrate the main points covered in the text. Because the text is, in effect, an expanded discussion of the illustrations, most of the illustrations are not captioned. However, where more than one drawing is included in a section, each drawing is assigned a number, given in parentheses, and these numbers are inserted at places in the text where the reader should refer to the drawing.
In accordance with U.S. Geological Survey policy to encourage the use of metric units, these units are used in most sections. In the sections dealing with the analysis of aquifer (pumping) test data, equations are given in both consistent units and in the inconsistent inch-pound units still in relatively common use among ground-water hydrologists and well drillers. As an aid to those who are not familiar with metric units and with the conversion of ground-water hydraulic units from inch-pound units to metric units, conversion tables are given on the inside back cover.
Definitions of ground-water terms are given where the terms are first introduced. Because some of these terms will be new to many readers, abbreviated definitions are also given on the inside front cover for convenient reference by those who wish to review the definitions from time to time as they read the text. Finally, for those who need to review some of the simple mathematical operations that are used in ground-water hydrology, a section on numbers, equations, and conversions is included at the end of the text.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2220_2004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development","usgsCitation":"Heath, R., 2004, Basic ground-water hydrology (Revised 2004): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2220, v, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2220_2004.","productDescription":"v, 84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2220_2004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":464298,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2220_2004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised 2004","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heath, Ralph C.","contributorId":53359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"Ralph C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199407,"text":"70199407 - 2004 - Selenium, iron, and chromium stable isotope ratio measurements by the double isotope spike TIMS method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-17T10:24:04","indexId":"70199407","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T10:22:24","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"29","title":"Selenium, iron, and chromium stable isotope ratio measurements by the double isotope spike TIMS method","docAbstract":"This chapter focuses on the double-spike calibrated thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) methods for measurement of mass dependent isotope fractionation in Se, Fe, and Cr. Current measurement precision is approximately ± 0.2 per mil on 80Se / 76Se, 56Fe / 54Fe, and 53Cr / 52Cr. Sample size requirements are 500ng, 1μg, and 250ng for Se, Fe, and Cr respectively. These measurements have been developed recently, and further improvements in precision and sample size are likely. The present purification procedures for these elements and the geochemical applications of the measurements are reviewed. TIMS instruments were usually limited to measurement of positive ions. One of the major recent developments in TIMS is the development of methods for measuring negative ions. An important future direction in mass spectrometry of Se, Fe, and Cr, is multi-collector inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). This recent technique has a number of advantages over TIMS techniques and may eventually dominate. Instrumental discrimination is very large with MC-ICP-MS and must be monitored and modeled correctly.
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Using simulated data representing different levels of inter-population differentiation (Fst ~ 0.01 and 0.10), genetic diversities (four or eight alleles per locus), and population sizes (20, 40, 100 individuals in baseline populations), we show that subsets of loci can be identified that provide comparable levels of accuracy in classification decisions relative to entire multi-locus data sets, where 5, 10, or 20 loci were considered. Microsatellite data sets from hatchery strains of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, representing a comparable range of inter-population levels of differentiation in allele frequencies confirmed simulation results. For both simulated and empirical data sets, assignment accuracy was achieved using fewer loci (e.g., three or four loci out of eight for empirical lake trout studies). Simulation results were used to investigate properties of the 'leave-one-out' (L1O) method for estimating assignment error rates. Accuracy of population assignments based on L1O methods should be viewed with caution under certain conditions, particularly when baseline population sample sizes are low (<50).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022869.72448.cd","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Guinand, B., Scribner, K., Topchy, A., Page, K., Punch, W., and Burnham-Curtis, M.K., 2004, Sampling issues affecting accuracy of likelihood-based classification using genetical data: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 69, no. 1-4, p. 245-259, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022869.72448.cd.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261918,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022869.72448.cd","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab086e4b0c8380cd87b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guinand, B.","contributorId":6020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinand","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topchy, A.","contributorId":64619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topchy","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Page, K.S.","contributorId":47332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Punch, W.","contributorId":103917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Punch","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burnham-Curtis, M. K.","contributorId":39328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham-Curtis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70006602,"text":"70006602 - 2004 - Survival estimation in bats: historical overview, critical appraisal, and suggestions for new approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T09:39:14","indexId":"70006602","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T09:35:19","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Survival estimation in bats: historical overview, critical appraisal, and suggestions for new approaches","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Ellison, L., and Stanley, T., 2004, Survival estimation in bats: historical overview, critical appraisal, and suggestions for new approaches, chap. of Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters, p. 297-336.","productDescription":"p. 297-336","startPage":"297","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86ee4b07c5f79a7f356","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thompson, W.L.","contributorId":83234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508369,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199402,"text":"70199402 - 2004 - Evaluating remedial alternatives for the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork, near Summitville Mine, Colorado: Application of a reactive transport model to low- and high-flow simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-17T09:36:38","indexId":"70199402","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T09:34:33","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Evaluating remedial alternatives for the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork, near Summitville Mine, Colorado: Application of a reactive transport model to low- and high-flow simulations","docAbstract":"Reactive-transport processes in Wightman Fork and the Alamosa River downstream from the Summitville
Mine, south-central Colorado, were simulated at low and high flow using the OTEQ reactive-transport model.
The simulations were calibrated using data from synoptic studies conducted during October 1998 and June
1999. Discharge over the 30-km reach from just below the mine site to the Alamosa River above Terrace
Reservoir ranged from 0.077 to 1.3 m3/s at low flow and from 1.17 to 17.0 m3/s at high flow. Travel time was
about 28 hours at low flow and about 8.5 hours at high flow; pH ranged from 4.6 to 5.7 at low flow and from
3.7 to 6.7 at high flow. Simulations revealed that pH, Fe, Al, and Cu were non-conservative. Simulations
included Fe(II) oxidation, constrained using measured values of Fe(II) and Fe(total). Precipitation of hydrous Fe oxides and hydrous Al oxides and hydroxysulfates match observed conditions more closely in simulations that included Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation than in simulations without Fe(II) oxidation or Fe(III)
precipitation. Simulation results indicate that sorption is controlling Cu concentrations in the Alamosa River.
The calibrated models were used to evaluate nine remediation alternatives.
Geologic mapping and U-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe on zircon, titanite, and monazite in the New Milford quadrangle, western Connecticut indicate Meso-proterozoic events at ca. 1.3, 1.05, and 0.99 Ga in the Laurentian basement rocks. Pink granite gneiss (1311 ± 7 Ma) intruded a paragneiss sequence during the early stages of the Elzevirian orogeny. During the Ottawan orogeny, syn-tectonic anatexis produced a belt of stromatic migmatite at 1057 ± 10 Ma. Ottawan igneous activity included syn-tectonic intrusion of abundant sills of biotite granite gneiss, dated at 1050 ± 14 and 1048 ± 11 Ma, and intrusion of the Danbury augen granite at 1045 ± 8 Ma. Overgrowths on igneous zircon and metamorphic zircon in hornblende gneiss indicate that terminal Grenville metamorphism occurred at ca. 993 ± 8 Ma.
Late Ordovician syn-tectonic events included intrusion of a leucogranite dike into the Brookfield Gneiss at 453 ± 6 Ma and intrusion of the Candlewood Granite at 443 ± 7 Ma. A monazite age from the Candlewood Granite of 445 ± 9 Ma agrees with the zircon age. A second phase of migmatization in the basement rocks is associated with the injection of numerous granitic leucosomes at 444 ± 6 Ma along the margin of the Candlewood Granite. Titanite ages from 431 to 406 Ma indicate several high-grade heating events from the Silurian to the Early Devonian. The lack of Grenville-age titan-ite in the basement suggests that post-Taconian heating was sufficient to completely reset old titanite in the massif.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-1197-5.729","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Fanning, C., 2004, U-Pb geochronology and evolution of Mesoproterozoic basement rocks, western Connecticut, v. 197, p. 729-753, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-1197-5.729.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"753","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"New Milford quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.5,\n 41.625\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -73.375,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -73.375,\n 41.625\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 41.625\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":46814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C. Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198941,"text":"70198941 - 2004 - Aggregation: Physical aspects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-27T09:27:11","indexId":"70198941","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T09:25:18","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Aggregation: Physical aspects","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of soils in the environment ","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00532-4","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2004, Aggregation: Physical aspects, chap. of Encyclopedia of soils in the environment , p. 28-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00532-4.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ca93e4b0702d0e84692f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199401,"text":"70199401 - 2004 - Effects of benthic fauna on arsenic transport in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-17T09:07:57","indexId":"70199401","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T09:07:43","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of benthic fauna on arsenic transport in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Field measurements and bioassay experiments were done to investigate the effects of arsenic and phosphorus interactions on sorption of these solutes by the benthic flora (periphyton and submerged macrophytes) in Whitewood Creek, a stream in western South Dakota. Short-term (24-hour) sorption experiments were used to determine arsenic transport characteristics for algae (first-order rate constants for solute sorption, biomass, and accumulation factors) collected in the creek along a transect beginning upstream from a mine discharge point and downgradient through a 57-kilometer reach. Temporal changes in biomass differed significantly between and within sampling sites. Arsenic concentrations in plant tissue increased with distance downstream, but temporal changes in concentrations in tissues differed considerably from site to site. Cultures of Achnanthes minutissima(Bacillariophyceae) and Stichococcus sp. (Chlorophyceae) were isolated from four sites along a longitudinal concentration gradient of dissolved arsenic within the study reach and were maintained at ambient solute concentrations. Arsenic accumulation factors and sorption-rate constants for these isolates were determined as a function of dissolved arsenate and orthophosphate. Cell surfaces of algal isolates exhibited preferential orthophosphate sorption over arsenate. Initial sorption of both arsenate and orthophosphate followed first-order mass transfer for each culturing condition. Although sorption-rate constants increased slightly with increased dissolved-arsenate concentration, algae, isolated from a site with elevated dissolved arsenic in the stream channel, had a significantly slower rate of arsenic sorption compared with the same species isolated from an uncontaminated site upstream. In diel studies, amplitudes of the pH cycles increased with measured biomass except at a site immediately downstream from water-treatment-plant discharge. Inorganic pentavalent arsenic dominated arsenic speciation at all sites—not a surprising result for the well-oxygenated water column along this reach. Concentration fluctuations in dissolved-arsenic species lagged pH fluctuations by approximately 3 hours at the most downstream site, but no discernible lag was observed at an artificially pooled area with an order of magnitude higher biomass. Furthermore, the amplitudes of diel fluctuations in arsenic species were greater at the pooled area than at the most downstream site. Lack of correspondence between changes in dissolved-orthophosphate concentrations and arsenic species may have resulted from preferential sorption of orthophosphate over arsenate by the biomass. Based on carbon-fixation estimates, the phosphorus demand from photosynthetic activity required water-column concentrations to be supplemented by another source such as phosphate regeneration within the benthic community or desorption of particle-bound phosphate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxic substances in surface waters and sediments: A study to assess the effects of arsenic-contaminated alluvial sediment in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Chang, C., and Pasilis, S., 2004, Effects of benthic fauna on arsenic transport in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, chap. of Toxic substances in surface waters and sediments: A study to assess the effects of arsenic-contaminated alluvial sediment in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, p. 1-26.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Whitewood Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e878e4b034bf6a800f6e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745129,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745130,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, C.C.Y.","contributorId":147324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"C.C.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pasilis, S.P.","contributorId":26082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasilis","given":"S.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70201972,"text":"70201972 - 2004 - Survival and growth of bottomland hardwood seedlings and natural woody invaders near forest edges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T09:07:46","indexId":"70201972","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T09:06:59","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Survival and growth of bottomland hardwood seedlings and natural woody invaders near forest edges","docAbstract":"Several oak species are frequently planted for reforestation projects in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), but the success of these plantings has been variable. The survival and growth of planted seed or seedlings are affected by a variety of factors, including competition, herbivory, site preparation, precipitation, planting stock quality, and planting techniques. We surveyed reforested fields in the LMAV to examine survival and growth of planted oaks and the occurrence of natural invaders that became established in these fields. Oak (Quercus spp.) densities averaged 413 stems per ha within 150 m of forest edges, as compared with 484 stems per ha between 150 to 300 m from the forest edge. Also there were higher densities of natural woody invaders near forest edges (4,234 stems per ha at 0 - 150 m compared with 2,193 stems per ha at 150-300 m). These data show that seed and seedlings proximity to a nearby forest edge has an effect on survival and growth. Since planted trees in the 0 – 150 m forest edge zone encounter high densities of natural invaders, it may be prudent to reduce the number of planted trees. Naturally occurring invaders enhance diversity and also augment depleted oak plantings near the forest edge with no added expense or effort.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th biennial southern sivicultural research conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th biennial southern sivicultural research conference","conferenceDate":"2004","conferenceLocation":"Asheville, NC","language":"English","publisher":"US Department of Agriculture","publisherLocation":"Asheville, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"McCoy, J.W., Keeland, B.D., and Wharton, K., 2004, Survival and growth of bottomland hardwood seedlings and natural woody invaders near forest edges, in Proceedings of the 12th biennial southern sivicultural research conference, Asheville, NC, 2004, p. 535-541.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"541","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/6696"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, John W. 0000-0003-3013-730X mccoyj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-730X","contributorId":3082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"John","email":"mccoyj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeland, Bobby D.","contributorId":103506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"Bobby","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wharton, Kristi","contributorId":212703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wharton","given":"Kristi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}