Storage of water in reservoir s may be for (1) irrigation, (2) power‐generation sometimes in connection with releases for irrigation, (3) flood‐control, (4) recreation, or combinations of these four uses. The control of releases of the stored water may involve conflicts of interests as to the best use of the available supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i002p00593","usgsCitation":"Howard, C.S., 1942, Quality of stored water available for use in the lower basin of the Pecos River, Texas: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 2, p. 593-598, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i002p00593.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"598","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pecos River Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -106.69921875,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -106.171875,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -105.4248046875,\n 31.5504526754715\n ],\n [\n -103.4912109375,\n 30.486550842588485\n ],\n [\n -101.6455078125,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -100.94238281249999,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -101.29394531249999,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 36.13787471840729\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, C. S.","contributorId":73180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213108,"text":"70213108 - 1942 - Report of Committee on Underground Waters, 1941–42","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T17:02:34.270957","indexId":"70213108","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-09T11:51:57","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of Committee on Underground Waters, 1941–42","docAbstract":"So many ground‐water hydrologists are engaged on problems relating directly to the war that the usual annual inquiry for information as to projects that deserve review in the annual report of the Committee on Underground Waters brought relatively little response. It is in part for this reason, but also in part because the Chairman of the Committee is busy on war problems, that this report is shorter than usual.
The Boise River Project in southwestern Idaho comprises an area of about 333,000 acres of highly developed agricultural land. Precipitation in the irrigated valley averages about ten inches a year which is too low to support any but desert vegetation. Water for irrigation during the growing season is obtained from Arrowrock Reservoir located on the Boise River four miles above Moore Creek, and from Deer Flat Reservoir near Nampa. The deposition of sediment in the river‐channel, in irrigation‐canals, and in farm‐laterals has interfered with the normal operation of the irrigation‐system and has occasionally required the expenditure of considerable time and money for removal of the deposited material.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i002p00652","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., and Benedict, P.C., 1942, Sediment loads in the Moore Creek drainage‐basin, Idaho 1939–40: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 2, p. 652-657, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i002p00652.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"657","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Moore Creek Drainage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 43.49676775343911\n ],\n [\n -115.27954101562499,\n 43.49676775343911\n ],\n [\n -115.27954101562499,\n 44.46123053905879\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 44.46123053905879\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 43.49676775343911\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, Paul Charles","contributorId":32135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70213071,"text":"70213071 - 1942 - Runoff in the Santa Ynez River Basin, California, following the excessive rainfall of 1940–41","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T20:29:41.286539","indexId":"70213071","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-08T15:24:21","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Runoff in the Santa Ynez River Basin, California, following the excessive rainfall of 1940–41","docAbstract":"This paper reports briefly on the runoff‐characteristics of the Santa Ynez River in Santa Barbara County, California, following the excessive rainfall in the winter of 1940–41; also, it contrasts these conditions of 1940–41 with earlier years of less rainfall. The data for this report were compiled in connection with an investigation of the water‐resources of Santa Barbara County which is being conducted by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the County of Santa Barbara.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i001p00124","usgsCitation":"LaRocque, G., 1942, Runoff in the Santa Ynez River Basin, California, following the excessive rainfall of 1940–41: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 1, p. 124-129, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i001p00124.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"129","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Ynez River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.35704160076073\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 34.35704160076073\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.35704160076073\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaRocque, G.A. Jr.","contributorId":22837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRocque","given":"G.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213070,"text":"70213070 - 1942 - Ground‐water studies in the Southwest ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T20:23:59.148789","indexId":"70213070","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-08T15:19:02","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground‐water studies in the Southwest ","docAbstract":"Geologists are concerned with the rock‐systems that form the crust of the Earth. The groundwater geologists are concerned with the rock‐systems specifically because the open spaces which the rocks contain serve as reservoirs and conduits for water—water which performs a large part of the geologic work that is in progress today and has been in progress during past ages; water which affects profoundly the whole hydrologic cycle and is still the principal source of water‐supply for mankind, as it has been for primitive man and the other land animals before the time of artificial waterworks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i001p00006","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1942, Ground‐water studies in the Southwest : Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 1, p. 6-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i001p00006.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213069,"text":"70213069 - 1942 - Report of committee on the chemistry of natural waters, 1941–42","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T13:53:38.452258","indexId":"70213069","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-08T15:14:10","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of committee on the chemistry of natural waters, 1941–42","docAbstract":"The membership of the Committee during the past year was as follows: I. A. Dennison, National Bureau of Standards; C S. Howard (Chairman), Geological Survey; C. S. Scofield, Department of Agriculture; D. G. Thompson, Geological Survey; and T. G. Thompson, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
SCOFIELD has continued his studies in connection with the salt balance in irrigated areas and has made progress‐reports to interested parties concerning the salt balance on the El Paso Project, Wapato Project, and the Yuma Project. These studies are of great interest to those responsible for the operation of the projects and should be of considerable value to other projects in indicating the volumes of water that may be necessary under certain conditions to insure proper drainage of the project.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i002p00466","usgsCitation":"Howard, C.S., 1942, Report of committee on the chemistry of natural waters, 1941–42: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 2, p. 466-467, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i002p00466.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"466","endPage":"467","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, C. S.","contributorId":73180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213066,"text":"70213066 - 1942 - Results of pumping tests of the Carrizo sand in the Lufkin area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T20:08:28.039461","indexId":"70213066","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-08T15:02:23","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of pumping tests of the Carrizo sand in the Lufkin area, Texas","docAbstract":"The Lufkin Area, as the term is used in this paper, is comprised of Angelina and Nacogdoches counties, Texas, and parts of adjoining counties. Its surface is gently rolling, with a maximum relief of about 150 feet and a maximum altitude of less than 400 feet. The average annual rainfall is about 45 inches. Practically all of the water‐supplies in the area come from ground‐water and it has been found that the Carrizo sand contains water of better quality and is more productive than any other water‐bearing formation in the area [see 1 of “References” at end of paper]. Figure 1 is a map of the area, showing the positions of the cities of Lufkin and Nacogdoches, the wells of the Southland Paper Mill, and other wells mentioned in this paper.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i001p00040","usgsCitation":"Guyton, W., 1942, Results of pumping tests of the Carrizo sand in the Lufkin area, Texas: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 1, p. 40-48, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i001p00040.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lufkin Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.086669921875,\n 31.287939892641734\n ],\n [\n -94.48791503906249,\n 31.287939892641734\n ],\n [\n -94.48791503906249,\n 31.695455797778713\n ],\n [\n -95.086669921875,\n 31.695455797778713\n ],\n [\n -95.086669921875,\n 31.287939892641734\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guyton, W.F.","contributorId":11688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guyton","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213063,"text":"70213063 - 1942 - Differential density of ground water in ore deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T19:22:52.636571","indexId":"70213063","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-08T14:14:09","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential density of ground water in ore deposition","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.37.5.424","usgsCitation":"McKnight, E., 1942, Differential density of ground water in ore deposition: Economic Geology, v. 37, no. 5, p. 424-426, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.37.5.424.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"426","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1942-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Edwin T.","contributorId":85039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"Edwin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213062,"text":"70213062 - 1942 - Differential density of ground water in ore deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T19:05:53.227005","indexId":"70213062","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-08T14:03:17","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential density of ground water in ore deposition","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.37.6.524","usgsCitation":"Cedarstrom, D., 1942, Differential density of ground water in ore deposition: Economic Geology, v. 37, p. 524-524, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.37.6.524.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"524","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cedarstrom, D.J.","contributorId":102127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cedarstrom","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37968,"text":"37968 - 1942 - Natural plantings for attracting waterfowl to marsh and other water areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T15:49:39","indexId":"37968","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T15:49:02","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"223","title":"Natural plantings for attracting waterfowl to marsh and other water areas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"United States Dept. of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Prepared in the Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research, 1942, Natural plantings for attracting waterfowl to marsh and other water areas (Revises and updates Wildlife Leaflet BS-125 (1939).): Wildlife Leaflet 223, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises and updates Wildlife Leaflet BS-125 (1939).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd68b6e4b0b2908510239b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","contributorId":128226,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","id":529785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161784,"text":"70161784 - 1942 - General geology and ground-water resources of the island of Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:47:25","indexId":"70161784","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"General geology and ground-water resources of the island of Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Maui, the second largest island in the Hawaiian group, is 48 miles long, 26 miles wide, and covers 728 square miles. The principal town is Wailuku. Sugar cane and pineapples are the principal crops. Water is used chiefly for irrigating cane. The purpose of the investigation was to study the geology and the ground-water resources of the island.
Maui was built by two volcanoes. East Maui or Haleakala Volcano is 10,025 feet high and famous for its so-called crater, which is a section of Hawaii National Park. Evidence is given to show that it is the head of two amphitheater-headed valleys in which numerous secondary eruptions have occurred and that it is not a crater, caldera, or eroded caldera. West Maui is a deeply dissected volcano 5,788 feet high. The flat Isthmus connecting the two volcanoes was made by lavas from East Maui banking against the West Maui Mountains. Plate 1 shows the geology, wells, springs, and water-development tunnels. Plate 2 is a map and description of points of geologic interest along the main highways. Volcanic terms used in the report are briefly defined. A synopsis of the climate is included and a record of the annual rainfall at all stations is given also. Puu Kukui, on West Maui, has an average annual rainfall of 389 inches and it lies just six miles from Olowalu where only 2 inches of rain fell in 1928, the lowest ever recorded in the Hawaiian Islands. The second rainiest place in the Territory is Kuhiwa Gulch on East Maui where 523 inches fell during 1937. Rainfall averages 2,360 million gallons daily on East Maui and 580 on West Maui. Ground water at the point of use in months of low rainfall is worth about $120 per million gallons, which makes most undeveloped supplies valuable.
The oldest rocks on East Maui are the very permeable primitive Honomanu basalts, which were extruded probably in Pliocene and early Pleistocene time from three rift zones. These rocks form a dome about 8,000 feet high and extend an unknown distance below sea level. Covering this dome are the Kula volcanics, extruded probably in early and middle Pleistocene time, and characterized by andesites, andesitic basalts, and picritic basalts. They are 2.000 feet thick on the summit and 50 to 200 feet thick at the periphery. They contain a sufficient number of interbedded soils, thin vitric tuff beds, and lava-filled valleys in their upper part to give rise to valuable perched springs in wet areas. The Kula lavas accumulated during a waning volcanic phase which was followed by a quiescence long enough for the erosion of deep amphitheater-headed valleys in the east or wet half of the mountain. Volcanic activity was renewed in middle (?) to late Pleistocene time and continued until Recent time, during which the Hana volcanic series was laid down. The last lava flow was erupted about 1750. The Hana lavas comprise andesitic, picritic, and olivine basalts. They veneered large areas of the east and south slopes, partly filled the deep amphitheater-headed valleys, and deeply buried the smaller valleys in the eastern half of the mountain. The Hana rocks are exceedingly permeable and much rain sinks into them.
The oldest rocks on West Maui are the very permeable primitive Wailuku basalts, which were extruded probably in Pliocene and early Pleistocene time from two rifts and from many radial fissures. The basalts form a dome about 5,600 feet high and extend an unknown distance below sea level. Iao Valley is the eroded caldera of this dome. Forming an incomplete veneer over the dome are the Honolua soda trachytes and oligoclase andesites. They were extruded in late Pliocene (?) or early Pleistocene time, chiefly from bulbous domes. The clinker beds carry some water but the rocks are generally too dense to be good aquifers. During early (?) Pleistocene the West Maui volcano was cut by deep amphitheater-headed valleys and then all of Maui was deeply submerged.
Four scattered eruptions occurred on West Maui in middle (?) and late Pleistocene time. The cones and lavas cover only small areas and are called the Lahaina volcanic series.
The sedimentary rocks of both East and West Maui are chiefly late Quaternary and comprise fans, landslide debris, delta deposits, and valley fills, mostly of poorly permeable and poorly assorted bouldery alluvium. They are overlain on the Isthmus by extensive calcareous dunes of three ages. A mud flow more than 300 feet thick is exposed in Kaupo Valley. During the fluctuations of the ocean in the Pleistocene, the island was emerged and submerged several times. Calcareous fossiliferous marine conglomerates deposited during this period are found up to an altitude of 250 feet on West Maui.
The Homomanu, Wailuku, and Kula lavas are the chief aquifers. They supply 28 irrigation wells which yield an average of 170 million gallons a day of basal water. These wells are mine-like shafts with infiltration tunnels and are called Maui-type wells. Well 16 yields 40,000,000 gallons daily with a 22-foot drawdown, which is the largest amount yielded by any well in the Hawaiian Islands. The largest spring (no. 26) on the island is artesian. It yields 10,400,000 gallons daily and issues from Kula lavas near Nahiku. West Maui has numerous perennial streams supplied by springs from a dike complex. Twenty-three tunnels in West Maui recover 20.5 million gallons a day of high-level water, mostly from this dike complex. East Maui has few perennial streams in proportion to its size, and they are chiefly small due to the water sheds being underlain with permeable lavas. Forty tunnels recover 6 million gallons a day of high-level water in East Maui and all from structures other than dikes.
It is estimated that about 100 million gallons a day of basal water wastes into the sea from West Maui and about 700 million gallons a day from East Maui. A number of sites are described where wells could be sunk to recover this water. Sites are also described where tunnels could be driven to recover high-level supplies. The hydrology of East and West Maui is conspicuously different in many respects, mainly because of the difference in the stage of dissection, the extensive veneer of very permeable Hann lavas on East Maui, and the comparatively small area of the Lahaina lavas of similar age on West Maui. The only thermal water known in the Hawaiian Islands, except on the active volcano of Kilauea, is in a well in West Maui.
The Nahiku area has been mapped and studied in detail. The upper part of the Honomanu volcanic series, exposed in the sea cliffs, in petrographic character is transitional into the overlying Kula lavas, Kula and Hana time were characterized by a long succession of valley-cutting episodes, each valley being filled by lava erupted from the east rift zone. The lavas include olivine basalts, picritic basalts, and basaltic andesites,
In the Nahiku area basal ground water occurs largely in the Honomanu basalts. Perched water occurs in many of the later lavas, generally following the axes of buried valleys. The members which perch the water are mostly ashy soil beds, although an unusually extensive, thick layer of much decomposed clinker also appears to be a supporting member. Most of the water travels through the basal clinker members of aa lavas. Artesian water is encountered in the upper, transitional part of the Honomanu volcanic series. The aquifer is permeable porphyritic pahoehoe; the confining members are relatively impermeable nonporphyritic aa.
The lavas of East Maui are described according to stratigraphic groups. The oldest or Honomanu lavas are olivine basalts like the primitive lavas in other Hawaiian volcanoes. The later or Kula and Hana lavas include basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and picritic basalts. The normative nepheline of analyzed East Maui lavas has not been identified in the mode. The degree of differentiation is inversely proportional to the frequency of eruptions.
The lavas of West Maui volcano are divided into the Wailuku volcanic series, consisting largely of olivine basalts with less abundant olivine-poor basalts, hypersthene basalts, and picritic basalts; the Honolua volcanic series, consisting of oligoclase andesites and soda trachytes; and the Lahaina volcanic series, consisting of nepheline basanite and picritic basalts. Coarse-grained gabbros intrude the Wailuku lavas. Differentiation was undoubtedly partly by crystal settling, but the alkali curves of the variation diagram suggest that volatile transfer was of some importance.
The forms of the growth curves of rock bass from four lakes in northeastern Wisconsin with medium-hard to hard water bore a general resemblance to each other, but differed sharply from the curve for rock bass from a lake with extremely soft water. With the exception of a slight increase in growth in the third year of life the annual increments of length of the rock bass of Nebish Lake (4.0 p.p.m. of bound CO2) tended to decrease consistently beyond the first year. The good first-year growth in length of rock bass of Allequash, Silver, and Trout Lakes (16.8, 15.0, and 18.7 p.p.m., respectively, of bound CO2) was followed by poor growth in the second, third, and fourth years of life. This poor growth was followed in turn by good growth in the fifth and sixth years. The annual increments of length tended to decline beyond the sixth year of life. The growth of rock bass of Muskellunge Lake (10.0 p.p.m. of bound CO2) declined sharply in the second year of life. The annual increments of length were fairly constant in the second to seventh years, inclusive, but declined beyond the seventh year. In each lake the males grew more rapidly than the females.
\nThe time of attainment of the legal total length of 7 inches in the different lakes ranged from late in the sixth growing season in Nebish and Trout Lakes to the middle of the eighth growing season in Muskellunge Lake.
\nRock bass of corresponding length from Allequash, Silver, and Trout Lakes were so nearly of the same weight that one curve described the length-weight relationship of the three stocks. Muskellunge Lake rock bass were considerably lighter than fish of the same length from these three lakes, and Nebish Lake rock bass were somewhat lighter than those from Muskellunge Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1941)71[131:GOTRBA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1942, Growth of the rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque), in five lakes of northeastern Wisconsin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 71, no. 1, p. 131-143, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1941)71[131:GOTRBA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"143","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174092,"text":"70174092 - 1942 - Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:26:37.06005","indexId":"70174092","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940","docAbstract":"As a result of the need for basic data and the lack of a current and convenient summary concerning the surface-water resources of Iowa, a synoptic inventory has been prepared as a part of the present State-wide program which is made possible by State and Federal cooperative action. These hydrologic data are assembled in abbreviated form for the convenient* of the public and in order that a current State report containing stream-flow records under one cover will be more readily accessible for Iowa.
This inventory is here presented in the form of a brief compilation report which summarizes results of stream-flow measurements relating to Iowa streams through out the years during which local. State and Federal agencies have cooperated in Iowa with the water resources branch of the United States Geological Survey.
The principal basic data consist of concise summaries for gaging stations in Iowa and certain relevant locations adjacent thereto for which records for five or more complete years have been collected. These summaries include a comprehensive description and history of each station followed by a table giving in convenient form and for general use the figures of maximum and minimum daily dis charge and yearly mean discharge and runoff for the water and calendar years of record. In addition, approximately 300 miscellaneous discharge measurements, which have been made within the State of Iowa, am included in an original and convenient listing. A summary of maximum discharges at LIS places is also given together with other data pertinent to flood flow in Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"The State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Crawford, L.C., 1942, Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940: Water Supply Bulletin 1, 129 p.","productDescription":"129 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174092/IGS_wsb_1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.3 MB"}],"country":"United 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