Regional dedolomitization is the major process that controls the chemical character of water in the Mississippian Pahasapa Limestone (Madison equivalent) surrounding the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming. The process of dedolomitization consists of dolomite dissolution and concurrent precipitation of calcite; it is driven by dissolution of gypsum.
Deuterium and oxygen isotopic data from the ground water, coupled with regional potentiometric maps, show that recharge occurs on the western slope of the Black Hills and that the water flows northward and westward toward the Powder River Basin. A significant part flows around the southern end of the Black Hills to replenish the aquifer to the east of the Hills. Depth of flow was inferred from interpretation of the silica geothermometer based on the temperature-dependent solubilities of quartz and chalcedony in water. Chemical effects of warm water in the Pahasapa Limestone include changes in the solubility products of minerals, conversion of gypsum to anhydrite, solution and precipitation of minerals, and increases in the tendency for outgassing of carbon dioxide. Where sulfate reduction is not important, sulfur isotope data show that (1) in the Mississippian aquifer, most of the sulfate is from dissolution of gypsum and (2) some wells and springs have a hydrologic connection with overlying Permian and Pennsylvanian evaporites. Sulfate ion concentration, a progress variable, shows a strong correlation with pH as a result of the combined effects of the dedolomitization reactions.
Mass-balance and mass-transfer calculations were used to adjust 14C values to determine a range of ground-water flow velocities between 2 and 20 m/yr. These velocities are characteristic of carbonate aquifers. The average rates of dolomite and gypsum dissolution are 1.7 × 10−4 and 3.4 × 10−4 mmol/kg of H2O/yr, respectively. The precipitation of calcite is occurring at the rate of 3.4 × 10−4 mmol/kg of H2O/yr. The close agreement among the model results demonstrates that dedolomitization is controlling water-rock interactions in this regional carbonate aquifer system.
For more than 100 years, the U.S. Geological Survey has pursued its mission of assessing and mapping the earth resources of the United States, including assessment of the Nation's water resources. Although the Survey has never been a water-management or development agency, it has assisted agencies that are responsible for such developments, and commonly provides data and information for such purposes. Because reservoirs are an intergral part of most water-development projects, the Survey has been involved in reservoir-related studies since the 1880's. The largest and longest involvement has centered on providing information on streamflows and sediment transport related to existing and proposed reservoirs. During the late 1940's, the Survey greatly expanded its activities in evaporation research. More recently, ground water, including bank storage, has gained increased attention. Most of these studies were related primarily to questions of water quantity, and the Survey continues to be involved in studies of physical hydrology. In addition, in response to the increased concern with environmental quality during the past 20 years, the number of Survey studies of the chemical and biological aspects of lakes and reservoirs have increased considerably.
Prompted by the recent Centennial (1879-1979) of the U.S. Geological Survey, it is appropriate to assess the Survey's contributions to the hydrology of lakes and reservoirs. Both natural lakes and manmade reservoirs are included in this report. 1 This report includes studies in which lakes or reservoirs are the principal topics. It does not include reports of general water resources of an area in which lakes are discussed as part of that area. This report also does not include data reports in which the data are merely tabulated. The types of reports listed herein include studies of existing or proposed water bodies and associated fluxes of water to and from these water bodies.
This report does not include geological or paleobiological studies of ancient lakes. This report does, however, include geological studies of proposed reservoir sites.
This bibliography has three parts. The first part is an alphabetical listing that gives complete references to the given reports. Part 2 is a listing by topics, and only the authors, date of publication, and cross-reference to the State are given. Six general categories are considered: Lake hydrology; interaction of lakes and streamflow, including geological studies of reservoir sites; interaction of lakes and atmospheric water; interaction of lakes. and ground water; chemical and biological limnology; and sediment studies. The first four consist of studies of physical characteristics of lakes, and the last two of water-quality characteristics. The category of lake hydrology includes general studies of lakes that are not easily grouped into one of the more specific categories of physical characteristics. For example, it includes water-budget studies where all aspects of hydrology are discussed. It also includes studies of hydrodynamics of lakes as well as studies of lake-level fluctuations.
The category of interaction of lakes and streamflow includes preimpoundment studies of streamflow discharge for reservoir design, and studies of the effects of existing reservoirs on streamflow and channel characteristics. Also included in this category are geological studies of river valleys for proposed reservoir sites. The category of interaction of lakes and atmospheric water includes primarily studies of evaporation. The interaction of lakes and ground water includes studies of bank storage. The category of chemical and biological studies was not subdivided into more specific types because of the virtually inseparable relation between chemistry and biology in most studies.
This bibliography provided much of the information for two papers that discuss the history of U.S. Geological Survey studies of lakes and reservoirs. (See Winter, 1981b; and Hadley, 1981).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir859","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1982, Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey studies of lakes and reservoirs; the first 100 years: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 859, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir859.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1982/0859/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1982/0859/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10172,"text":"ofr81513 - 1981 - User oriented, interactive Multics computer programs to create grid cell, contour, and perspective maps using Surface Display Library","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:29","indexId":"ofr81513","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-513","title":"User oriented, interactive Multics computer programs to create grid cell, contour, and perspective maps using Surface Display Library","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81513","usgsCitation":"Mark, R.K., and Newman, E.B., 1981, User oriented, interactive Multics computer programs to create grid cell, contour, and perspective maps using Surface Display Library: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-513, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81513.","productDescription":"50 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0513/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0513/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60410c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, E. B.","contributorId":52571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"E.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188934,"text":"70188934 - 1981 - The National Coal Resources Data System: A status report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:54:42","indexId":"70188934","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The National Coal Resources Data System: A status report","docAbstract":"The National Coal Resources Data System (NCRDS) of the U.S. Geological Survey is an interactive computerized storage, retrieval, and display system to assess the quantity and quality of the nation's coal resources. It has been developed to provide geological coal-resource data currently available, to update that data, and to expand to new types of data.
To this end the U.S. Geological Survey has initiated a 5- to 10-yr program to acquire point-source data for all coal-bearing regions through its own programs and cooperative projects with state agencies. Presently, files containing summary areal coal-tonnage estimates and proximate/ultimate chemical analyses, as well as point-located major-, minor-, and trace-element analyses, and stratigraphic data are available. New resource assessments can be made with point-source data, including drill-hole records, field measurements, and so on. Data may be displayed in literal form or graphically — for example, tables, isoline maps, and cross sections. The system software can calculate coal-resource estimates, generate overburden or interburden distribution, and delineate areas of coal with selected parameters (for example, < .3% sulfur, > 28 in.) within specified boundaries (for example, quadrangle, county).
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<563:TNCRDS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Carter, M., Medlin, A.L., and Krohn, K.K., 1981, The National Coal Resources Data System: A status report: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 8, p. 563-573, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<563:TNCRDS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"573","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee2e4b062508e3c7b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, M. Devereaux","contributorId":85218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"M. Devereaux","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medlin, Antoinette L.","contributorId":84370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medlin","given":"Antoinette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, Kathleen K.","contributorId":38156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38641,"text":"pp1099A - 1980 - The influences of land use and land cover on climate; an analysis of the Washington-Baltimore area that couples remote sensing with numerical simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:58","indexId":"pp1099A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1099","chapter":"A","title":"The influences of land use and land cover on climate; an analysis of the Washington-Baltimore area that couples remote sensing with numerical simulation","docAbstract":"The Sun drives the atmospheric heat engine by warming the terrestrial surface which in turn warms the atmosphere above. Climate, therefore, is significantly controlled by complex interaction of energy flows near and at the terrestrial surface. When man alters this delicate energy balance by his use of the land, he may alter his climatic environment as well. Land use climatology has emerged as a discipline in which these energy interactions are studied; first, by viewing the spatial distributions of their surface manifestations, and second, by analyzing the energy exchange processes involved. Two new tools for accomplishing this study are presented: one that can interpret surface energy exchange processes from space, and another that can simulate the complex of energy transfers by a numerical simulation model. Use of a satellite-borne multispectral scanner as an imaging radiometer was made feasible by devising a gray-window model that corrects measurements made in space for the effects of the atmosphere in the optical path. The simulation model is a combination of mathematical models of energy transfer processes at or near the surface. Integration of these two analytical approaches was applied to the Washington-Baltimore area to coincide with the August 5, 1973, Skylab 3 overpass which provided data for constructing maps of the energy characteristics of the Earth's surface. The use of the two techniques provides insights into the relationship of climate to land use and land cover and in predicting alterations of climate that may result from alterations of the land surface.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1099A","usgsCitation":"Pease, R., Jenner, C., and Lewis, J., 1980, The influences of land use and land cover on climate; an analysis of the Washington-Baltimore area that couples remote sensing with numerical simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1099, p. A1-A39, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1099A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1099a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65472,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1099a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d4d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pease, R.W.","contributorId":77206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pease","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenner, C.B.","contributorId":94718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenner","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":93957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4333,"text":"cir815 - 1980 - Interactive computer methods for generating mineral-resource maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"cir815","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"815","title":"Interactive computer methods for generating mineral-resource maps","docAbstract":"Inasmuch as maps are a basic tool of geologists, the U.S. Geological Survey's CRIB (Computerized Resources Information Bank) was constructed so that the data it contains can be used to generate mineral-resource maps. However, by the standard methods used-batch processing and off-line plotting-the production of a finished map commonly takes 2-3 weeks. \r\n\r\nTo produce computer-generated maps more rapidly, cheaply, and easily, and also to provide an effective demonstration tool, we have devised two related methods for plotting maps as alternatives to conventional batch methods. These methods are: 1. Quick-Plot, an interactive program whose output appears on a CRT (cathode-ray-tube) device, and 2. The Interactive CAM (Cartographic Automatic Mapping system), which combines batch and interactive runs. The output of the Interactive CAM system is final compilation (not camera-ready) paper copy. Both methods are designed to use data from the CRIB file in conjunction with a map-plotting program. \r\n\r\nQuick-Plot retrieves a user-selected subset of data from the CRIB file, immediately produces an image of the desired area on a CRT device, and plots data points according to a limited set of user-selected symbols. This method is useful for immediate evaluation of the map and for demonstrating how trial maps can be made quickly. \r\n\r\nThe Interactive CAM system links the output of an interactive CRIB retrieval to a modified version of the CAM program, which runs in the batch mode and stores plotting instructions on a disk, rather than on a tape. The disk can be accessed by a CRT, and, thus, the user can view and evaluate the map output on a CRT immediately after a batch run, without waiting 1-3 days for an off-line plot. The user can, therefore, do most of the layout and design work in a relatively short time by use of the CRT, before generating a plot tape and having the map plotted on an off-line plotter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir815","usgsCitation":"Calkins, J.A., Crosby, A., Huffman, T., Clark, A.L., Mason, G., and Bascle, R., 1980, Interactive computer methods for generating mineral-resource maps: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 815, iv, 70 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir815.","productDescription":"iv, 70 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1980/0815/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31443,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1980/0815/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calkins, James Alfred","contributorId":75504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calkins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crosby, A.S.","contributorId":77127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, T.E.","contributorId":15593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, A. L.","contributorId":89502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mason, G.T.","contributorId":9232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bascle, R.J.","contributorId":44520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bascle","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207259,"text":"70207259 - 1980 - Research on interactive genetic-geological models to evaluate favourability for undiscovered uranium resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T19:52:46.74834","indexId":"70207259","displayToPublicDate":"1980-12-13T14:24:19","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research on interactive genetic-geological models to evaluate favourability for undiscovered uranium resources","docAbstract":"Current methods of evaluating favourability for undiscovered uranium resources are unduly subjective, quite possibly inconsistent and, as a consequence, of questionable reliability. This research is aimed at reducing the subjectivity and increasing the reliability by designing an improved method that depends largely on geological data and their statistical frequency of occurrence. This progress report outlines a genetic approach to modelling the geological factors that controlled uranium mineralization in order to evaluate the favourability for the occurrence of undiscovered uranium deposits of the type modeled. A genetic model is constructed from all the factors that describe the processes, in chronological sequence, that formed uranium deposits thought to have a common origin. The field and laboratory evidence for the processes constitute a geologic occurrence base that parallels the chronological sequence of events. The genetic model and the geologic-occurrence base are portrayed as two columns of an interactive matrix called the \"genetic-geologic model\". For each column, eight chronological stages are used to describe the overall formation of the uranium deposits. These stages consist of (1) precursor processes; (2) host-rock formation; (3) preparation of host-rock; (4) uranium-source development; (5) transport of uranium; (6) primary uranium deposition; (7) post-deposition modification; and (8) preservation. To apply the genetic-geological model to evaluate favourability, a question is posed that determines the presence or absence of each attribute listed under the geologic-occurrence base. By building a logic circuit of the attributes according to either their essential or non-essential nature, the resultant match between a well-documented control area and the test area may be determined. The degree of match is a measure of favourability for uranium occurrence as hypothesized in the genetic model. This process of geological decision analysis results in a series of favourability maps that can be combined into a final composite favourability map.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Uranium Evaluation and Mining Techniques: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1–4 October 1979","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Uranium Evaluation and Mining Techniques","conferenceDate":"October, 1-4, 1979","conferenceLocation":"Buenos Aires, Argentina","language":"English","publisher":"IAEA","isbn":"9200402801","usgsCitation":"Finch, W., Granger, H., Lupe, R., and McCammon, R., 1980, Research on interactive genetic-geological models to evaluate favourability for undiscovered uranium resources, in Uranium Evaluation and Mining Techniques: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1–4 October 1979, Buenos Aires, Argentina, October, 1-4, 1979, p. 447-462.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"462","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granger, H.C.","contributorId":15203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lupe, R.D.","contributorId":107696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupe","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003108,"text":"1003108 - 1980 - Nest site and colony characteristics of wading birds in selected Atlantic Coast colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T16:52:24.991839","indexId":"1003108","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest site and colony characteristics of wading birds in selected Atlantic Coast colonies","docAbstract":"Nests of 5 species of wading birds were identified and marked during the breeding season at 6 locations from Massachusetts to North Carolina. At the end of the breeding season 12 characteristics of nest-site location were measured. Nest locations were mapped to examine dispersion and nearest neighbor relationships. Multivariate analyses were used to describe and compare sites and species. We found that variations in nest-sites between colonies were greater than between species; colonies differed mainly in the variety and size of vegetation; birds preferred to nest in vegetation that offered relatively stable nest-sites; and the dispersion of nests in the colonies was related to vegetative patterns. The interaction of these factors with the number of bird species and the abundance of birds in the colony seemed to determine whether nest-sites were stratified, segregated or randomly distributed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan State Univ. Dept. Zoology","publisherLocation":"East Lansing, MI","usgsCitation":"Beaver, D.L., Osborn, R.G., and Custer, T.W., 1980, Nest site and colony characteristics of wading birds in selected Atlantic Coast colonies: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 92, no. 2, p. 200-220.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4161327","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697cea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaver, Donald L.","contributorId":175373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaver","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osborn, Ronald G.","contributorId":76793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":60644,"text":"mf1134 - 1979 - Maps showing late Pleistocene and Holocene evolution of the South Texas continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T12:18:35","indexId":"mf1134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1134","title":"Maps showing late Pleistocene and Holocene evolution of the South Texas continental shelf","docAbstract":"Interpretation of acoustical profiles has provided insight into the late Quaternary geologic history of the Continental Shelf off South Texas. (See the geographic index map on sheet 1 for location of the area studied.) The profiles reveal the interplay of tectonism, sedimentation, and cyclic fluctuations of sea level in the building and geologic evolution of the continental terrace. The sequence of sediments studied extends to about 200 meters (m) beneath the sea-floor surface. Four seismic-stratigraphic units underlain by four prominent sound reflectors were identified and mapped.
\nThis geologic synthesis, for which the research was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), is but one aspect of a coordinated, multidisciplinary environmental study of the South Texas Outer Continental Shelf sponsored by BLM (Berryhill, 1976, 1977). The environmental studies are keyed to the leasing of Federal Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lands for petroleum exploration and production. Their purpose is to provide the data development of petroleum resources on the OCS, as well as to provide the basis for predicting the impact of oil and gas exploration and production on the marine environment. Of primary concern is the recognition of geologic conditions that might be hazardous to structures placed on the sea floor. Geologic hazards relate directly to the potential for significant movement of the sea floor in the future. Judging sea-floor stability and recognizing geologic features that are potentially hazardous require an understanding of the recent geologic history of the area, which, in turn, entails determining the relative rates and interactions of sedimentation and tectonism through time.
\nIn addition to the primary objective, the synthesis provides knowledge about the magnitude and extent of sea-level fluctuations in the western Gulf of Mexico, and it provides a depositional facies model of possible use in appraising the resource potential of the more deeply buried sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf1134","isbn":"0607806249","usgsCitation":"Pyle, C.A., Berryhill, H.L., and Trippet, A.R., 1979, Maps showing late Pleistocene and Holocene evolution of the South Texas continental shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1134, 2 Sheets: 50.13 x 36.20 inches; 41.96 x 33.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1134.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 50.13 x 36.20 inches; 41.96 x 33.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1134.jpg"},{"id":283652,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1134/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":283653,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1134/plate-2.pdf"}],"scale":"92000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"South Texas Continental Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.0,26.0 ], [ -97.0,28.0 ], [ -96.0,28.0 ], [ -96.0,26.0 ], [ -97.0,26.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605b3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyle, Carroll A.","contributorId":58343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"Carroll","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.","contributorId":86753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryhill","given":"Henry","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trippet, Anita R.","contributorId":67159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippet","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112365,"text":"70112365 - 1979 - Inventory and mapping of flood inundation using interactive digital image analysis techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:06:39","indexId":"70112365","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inventory and mapping of flood inundation using interactive digital image analysis techniques","docAbstract":"LANDSAT digital data and color infra-red photographs were used in a multiphase sampling scheme to estimate the area of agricultural land affected by a flood. The LANDSAT data were classified with a maximum likelihood algorithm. Stratification of the LANDSAT data, prior to classification, greatly reduced misclassification errors. The classification results were used to prepare a map overlay showing the areal extent of flooding. These data also provided statistics required to estimate sample size in a two phase sampling scheme, and provided quick, accurate estimates of areas flooded for the first phase. The measurements made in the second phase, based on ground data and photo-interpretation, were used with two phase sampling statistics to estimate the area of agricultural land affected by flooding These results show that LANDSAT digital data can be used to prepare map overlays showing the extent of flooding on agricultural land and, with two phase sampling procedures, can provide acreage estimates with sampling errors of about 5 percent. This procedure provides a technique for rapidly assessing the areal extent of flood conditions on agricultural land and would provide a basis for designing a sampling framework to estimate the impact of flooding on crop production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","usgsCitation":"Rohde, W.G., Nelson, C.A., and Taranik, J., 1979, Inventory and mapping of flood inundation using interactive digital image analysis techniques: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 1, p. 43-52.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc06e4b0e83db6d08f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohde, Wayne G.","contributorId":84630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohde","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Charles A.","contributorId":59725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taranik, J. V.","contributorId":91658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taranik","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112352,"text":"70112352 - 1978 - Use of a remote computer terminal during field checking of Landsat digital maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:09:41","indexId":"70112352","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T16:11:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a remote computer terminal during field checking of Landsat digital maps","docAbstract":"Field checking of small-scale land classification maps made digitally from Landsat data is facilitated by use of a remote portable teletypewriter terminal linked by teleplume to the IDIMS (Interactive Digital Image Manipulation System) at the EDC (EROS Data Center), Sioux Falls, S. Dak. When field checking of maps 20 miles northeast of Baker, Calif., during the day showed that changes in classification were needed, the terminal was used at night to combine image statistical files, remap portions of images, and produce new alphanumeric maps for field checking during the next day. The alphanumeric maps can be used without serious difficulty in location in the field even though the scale is distorted, and statistical files created during the field check can be used for full image classification and map output at the EDC. This process makes field checking faster than normal, provides interaction with the statistical data while in the field, and reduces to a minimum the number of trips needed to work interactively with the IDIMS at the EDC, thus saving significant amounts of time and money. The only significant problem is using telephone lines which at times create spurious characters in the printout or prevent the line feed (paper advance) signal from reaching the terminal, thus overprinting lines which should be sequential. We recommend that maps for field checking be made with more spectral classes than are expected because in the field it is much easier to group classes than to reclassify or separate classes when only the remote terminal is available for display.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Robinove, C.J., and Hutchinson, C., 1978, Use of a remote computer terminal during field checking of Landsat digital maps: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 511-514.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288564,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70007427"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc5ce4b0e83db6d0904c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, C.F.","contributorId":77049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36794,"text":"36794 - 1978 - MOSS user's manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T15:30:17","indexId":"36794","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T15:13:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/96","title":"MOSS user's manual","docAbstract":"The Map Overlay and Statistical System (MOSS) Users' Manual is specialized document has been designed for trained users of the MOSS interactive graphics software. Those totally unfamiliar with MOSS or Geographic Information Systems are referred elsewhere as described below:
\n-- If you know nothing about MOSS or what it can do for you, and you wish introductory information on MOSS, or you want to deign an application and data entry process compatible with MOSS, or you want \"hands-on\" training, contact the WELUT Team Leader at the address below for a \"hands-on\" GIS training session.
\n-- If you have been introduced to MOSS, have your application defined, data entered, and want to know how to use MOSS, start reading at Section 1 of this Manual.
\n--If you are interested in the MOSS data structure, refer to Section 2 of this Manual.
\n--If you have some experience in using MOSS and want to refer to the general types of MOSS commands, read Section 3 of this Manual.
\n--If you are an experience MOSS user and want details on individual MOSS commands, refer to Section 4.3 of this Manual.
\n--If you are interested in the Federation of Rocky Mountain States -- WELUT 02 Project contractual background results, turn to Appendices D and E of this Manual.
\nMOSS has been operation for less than 3 months, and has received limited operational testing at the date of this printing (October 1978). Undiscovered software limitations and bugs may yet appear. All such bugs as well as documentation errors, obscurities, and inadequacies should be reported to:
\nTeam Leader
\nWestern Energy and Land Use Team (WELUT)
\nU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
\nDrake Creekside Building
\n2625 Redwing Road
\nFort Collins, Colorado 80526
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Performed for the Western Energy and Land Use Team, Office of Biological Services, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Salmen, L., Gropper, J., Hamill, J., and Gentry, B., 1978, MOSS user's manual: FWS/OBS 78/96, vi, I-5 p.","productDescription":"vi, I-5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffba57e4b0824b2d170fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salmen, Larry","contributorId":27911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salmen","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gropper, James","contributorId":22695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gropper","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamill, John","contributorId":43459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamill","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gentry, Barbara","contributorId":101569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentry","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4133,"text":"cir747 - 1977 - Environmental geology, Allegheny County and vicinity, Pennsylvania: Description of a program and its results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T22:56:31.236756","indexId":"cir747","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"747","title":"Environmental geology, Allegheny County and vicinity, Pennsylvania: Description of a program and its results","docAbstract":"Past land-use practices, including mining, in Allegheny County, Pa., have resulted in three principal environmental problems, exclusive of air and water contamination. They are flooding, landsliding, and subsidence over underground mines. In 1973, information was most complete relative to flooding and least complete relative to landsliding.
Accordingly, in July 1973, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) entered into an agreement by which the USGS undertook studies chiefly aimed at increasing knowledge of landsliding and mine subsidence relative to land use, but having other ramifications as well, as part of a larger ARC 'Land-use and physical-resource analysis' (LUPRA) program. The chief geographic focus was Allegheny County, but adjacent areas were included in some investigations.
Resulting products, exclusive of this report, are:
1. Forty-three provisional maps of landslide, distribution and susceptibility and of land modified by man in Allegheny County, 1:24,000 scale, 7½ -minute quadrangle format, released to open files.
2. Four USGS Miscellaneous Field Studies (MF) maps of Allegheny County showing (a) bedrock, MF685A; (b) susceptibility to landsliding, MF-685B ; (c) coal-mining features, MF-685C; and (d) zones that can be affected by flooding, landsliding and undermining, MF-685D; all at the scale of 1:50,000.
3. Two MF maps showing coal-mining activity and related information and sites of recorded mine-subsidence events, and one MF map classifying land surface by relative potentiality of mine subsidence, in Allegheny, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties, Pa., at a scale of 1:125,000--MF-693A through MF-693C.
4. A companion report to the Allegheny County map of susceptibility to landsliding--USGS Circular 728.
5. Five MF maps, largely in chart form, describing interaction of the shallow ground-water regime with mining-related problems, landsliding, heavy storm precipitation, and other features and processes, largely in Allegheny County--MF-641A through MF-641E.
Map products are directly applicable to general classification of land for susceptibility to landsliding and mine subsidence and, to a lesser extent, flooding and engineering characteristics. The hydrogeologic charts enable greater understanding of environmental effects of ground water. All products are guides to expected conditions, but none are substitutes for detailed investigations of specific sites by competent technical personnel on the ground.
Specific results and findings are:
1. Knowledge of .susceptibility to landsliding in Allegheny County now is adequate for application to countywide land-use planning.
2. About 110 mi2 (285. km2), or 15 percent, of the county has some significant degree of susceptibility to landsliding.
3. Although a general classification of land in Allegheny, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties relative to mine-subsidence incidents was prepared, data are wholly inadequate for even moderately precise prediction of subsidence events over previously mined-out areas; the accumulation of adequate data might not repay the effort in terms of damage prevention.
4. Commonwealth-of-Pennsylvania regulations, have been very successful in limiting mine-subsidence damage over areas mined after 1966.
5. Undermining and consequent subsidence may have affected the ground-water regime more widely than heretofore believed.
Except for the earth-disturbance inventory that resulted in the maps of susceptibility to landsliding and man-modified land, methods used in the studies largely were conventional. The inventory and ensuing analysis combined aerial photographic interpretation with field work and incorporation of existing data. The method worked very well for the purposes of defining distribution of landslides and areas having different susceptibilities to landsliding. However, if susceptibility to landsliding alone had been the goal, this could have been determined adequately by using photographs at smaller scales and appreciably less expenditure of effort per unit of ground area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/cir747","usgsCitation":"Briggs, R.P., 1977, Environmental geology, Allegheny County and vicinity, Pennsylvania: Description of a program and its results: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 747, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir747.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410830,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23801.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0747/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0747/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Allegheny 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 25-29, 1976","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rohde, W.G., Taranik, J.V., and Nelson, C.A., 1977, Inventory and mapping of flood inundation using interactive digital image analysis techniques, in Proceedings of the 2nd annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, October 25-29, 1976, p. 131-143.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.96832275390624,\n 48.996438064932285\n ],\n [\n -98.63525390624999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -98.48693847656249,\n 48.151428143221224\n ],\n [\n -98.09692382812499,\n 47.720849190702324\n ],\n [\n -97.93212890625,\n 47.30903424774781\n ],\n [\n -97.9541015625,\n 47.01397113616876\n ],\n [\n -97.7398681640625,\n 46.60039303734547\n ],\n [\n -97.40478515625,\n 46.3810438458062\n ],\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 45.98551218814564\n ],\n [\n -96.5093994140625,\n 45.57175504130605\n ],\n [\n -95.93536376953125,\n 45.48324350868221\n ],\n [\n -95.57281494140625,\n 45.612116176517304\n ],\n [\n -95.49041748046875,\n 45.82688538784564\n ],\n [\n -95.4766845703125,\n 46.128459837044915\n ],\n [\n -95.63323974609374,\n 46.522965520307295\n ],\n [\n -95.79254150390625,\n 46.717268685073954\n ],\n [\n -95.92987060546874,\n 46.869580496513265\n ],\n [\n -96.09466552734375,\n 47.36115300722623\n ],\n [\n -96.08642578125,\n 47.57837853860192\n ],\n [\n -96.207275390625,\n 47.8260641920274\n ],\n [\n -96.229248046875,\n 48.100094697973795\n ],\n [\n -96.33087158203125,\n 48.37632112598022\n ],\n [\n -96.36932373046875,\n 48.57842428752037\n ],\n [\n -96.36657714843749,\n 48.721773219750666\n ],\n [\n -95.97930908203125,\n 48.73807825631017\n ],\n [\n -95.96832275390624,\n 48.996438064932285\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohde, Wayne G.","contributorId":84630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohde","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taranik, James V.","contributorId":67514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taranik","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Charles A.","contributorId":59725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010389,"text":"70010389 - 1977 - Graphic analysis of resources by numerical evaluation techniques (Garnet)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T16:03:31","indexId":"70010389","displayToPublicDate":"1977-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Graphic analysis of resources by numerical evaluation techniques (Garnet)","docAbstract":"An interactive computer program for graphical analysis has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The program embodies five goals, (1) economical use of computer resources, (2) simplicity for user applications, (3) interactive on-line use, (4) minimal core requirements, and (5) portability. It is designed to aid (1) the rapid analysis of point-located data, (2) structural mapping, and (3) estimation of area resources. ?? 1977.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(77)90028-0","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Olson, A., 1977, Graphic analysis of resources by numerical evaluation techniques (Garnet): Computers & Geosciences, v. 3, no. 3, p. 539-545, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(77)90028-0.","startPage":"539","endPage":"545","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266204,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(77)90028-0"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29c9e4b0c8380cd5ac2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, A.C.","contributorId":107685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18119,"text":"ofr76490 - 1976 - Selected field data collected in 1975, northeastern Craig Quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T17:57:11.341074","indexId":"ofr76490","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-490","title":"Selected field data collected in 1975, northeastern Craig Quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"This report consists of a computer printout of geologic field data recorded by H.C. Berg from July 2 to July 20, 1975 in the part of the Craig (CR) 1:250,000-scale quadrangle northeast of Clarence Strait (figs. 1 and 2). It contains edited and revised observations on structure, lithology, mineralogy, metamorphism, and mineral occurrences. Areas covered by the observations include southern Etolin and adjacent islands and part of Cleveland Peninsula, including 5 sites in the Ketchikan (KC) quadrangle immediately adjacent to the Craig quadrangle (fig. 2). A preliminary geologic map incorporating the data has been released (Berg and others, 1976). The printout includes the latitude-longitude coordinates of each field station, so that the user can locate the observations within a few metres on larger-scale topographic maps than figure 2.
The purpose of this report is to provide an organized file of detailed field observations to supplement and amplify a companion geologic map. The combined reports thus constitute a complete record of available information to serve as wide a range of potential users as possible.
The information in this report was transferred from geologic fieldsheets (fig. 3) to computer storage using the method described by Hudson and others (1975). A. Marianne Fujii transcribed the data from the fieldsheets; Betsy Yount and Frances Wahl helped to update the computer file and prepare it for publication; and Bruce Salem wrote the interactive computer program that greatly facilitated entry of the fieldnotes into the computer file.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76490","usgsCitation":"Berg, H., and Fujii, A.M., 1976, Selected field data collected in 1975, northeastern Craig Quadrangle, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-490, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76490.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424685,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0490/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149216,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0490/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Craig Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.667,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -134.667,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -134.667,\n 55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berg, Henry C.","contributorId":73176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Henry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, A. Marianne","contributorId":81507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112328,"text":"70112328 - 1976 - Estudio general de la region del Lago Titicaca evaluando en forma preliminar un sistema de analisis interactivo de imagenes multiespectrales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:15:05","indexId":"70112328","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T15:01:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3294,"text":"Revista tecnica de Yacimientos Petroliferos fiscales Bolivianos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estudio general de la region del Lago Titicaca evaluando en forma preliminar un sistema de analisis interactivo de imagenes multiespectrales","docAbstract":"ERTS-1 digital data in the form of computer compatible tapes provide the geoscientist with an unusual opportunity to test the maximum flexibility of the satellite system using interactive computers, such as the General Electric Image 100 System. Approximately 9 hours of computer and operator time were used to analyze the Lake Titicaca image, 1443-14073, acquired 9 October 1973. The total area of the lake and associate wetlands was calculated and found to be within 3 percent of previous measurements. The area was subdivided by reflectance characteristics employing cluster analysis of all 4 bands and later compared with density values of band 4. Reflectance variations may be attributed to surface roughness, water depth and bottom characteristics, turbidity, and floating matter. Wetland marsh vegetation, vegetation related to ground-water effluents, natural grasses, and farm crops were separated by cluster analysis. Sandstone, limestone, sand dunes, and several volcanic rock types were similarly separated and displayed by assigned colors and extended through the entire scene. Waste dumps of the Matilde Zinc Mine and smaller mine workings were tentatively identified by signature analysis.
\nHistograms of reflectance values and map printouts were automatically obtained as a record of each of the principal themes. These themes were also stored on a work tape for later display and photographic record as well as to serve in training.
\nThe Image 100 System is rapid, extremely flexible and very useful to the investigator in identifying subtle features that may not be noticed by conventional image analysis. The entire scene, which covers 34,225 km2, was analyzed at a scale of 1:600,000, and portions at 1:98,000 and 1:25,000, during a 9-hour period at a rental cost of $250 per hour. Costs to the user can be reduced by restricting its uses to specific areas, objectives, and procedures, rather than undertaking a complete analysis of a total scene.
","language":"Spanish","usgsCitation":"Brockmann, C., and Carter, W.D., 1976, Estudio general de la region del Lago Titicaca evaluando en forma preliminar un sistema de analisis interactivo de imagenes multiespectrales: Revista tecnica de Yacimientos Petroliferos fiscales Bolivianos, v. 5, no. 1, p. 5-31.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Titicaca","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.0311,-16.5924 ], [ -70.0311,-15.2333 ], [ -68.6767,-15.2333 ], [ -68.6767,-16.5924 ], [ -70.0311,-16.5924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acbf5e4b0e83db6d08f18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brockmann, C.E.","contributorId":11948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockmann","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, William D.","contributorId":64567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010350,"text":"70010350 - 1976 - The national coal-resources data system of the U.S. geological survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T16:09:12","indexId":"70010350","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The national coal-resources data system of the U.S. geological survey","docAbstract":"The National Coal Resources Data System (NCRDS) was designed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to meet the increasing demands for rapid retrieval of information on coal location, quantity, quality, and accessibility. An interactive conversational query system devised by the USGS retrieves information from the data bank through a standard computer terminal. The system is being developed in two phases. Phase I, which currently is available on a limited basis, contains published areal resource and chemical data. The primary objective of this phase is to retrieve, calculate, and tabulate coal-resource data by area on a local, regional, or national scale. Factors available for retrieval include: state, county, quadrangle, township, coal field, coal bed, formation, geologic age, source and reliability of data, and coal-bed rank, thickness, overburden, and tonnage, or any combinations of variables. In addition, the chemical data items include individual values for proximate and ultimate analyses, BTU value, and several other physical and chemical tests. Information will be validated and deleted or updated as needed. Phase II is being developed to store, retrieve, and manipulate basic point source coal data (e.g., field observations, drill-hole logs), including geodetic location; bed thickness; depth of burial; moisture; ash; sulfur; major-, minor-, and trace-element content; heat value; and characteristics of overburden, roof rocks, and floor rocks. The computer system may be used to generate interactively structure-contour or isoline maps of the physical and chemical characteristics of a coal bed or to calculate coal resources. ?? 1976.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(76)90062-5","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Carter, M., 1976, The national coal-resources data system of the U.S. geological survey: Computers & Geosciences, v. 2, no. 3, p. 331-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(76)90062-5.","startPage":"331","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266209,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(76)90062-5"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badf8e4b08c986b323e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, M.D.","contributorId":31382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011177,"text":"70011177 - 1976 - Tectonic implications of space-time patterns of Cenozoic magmatism in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-11T12:33:28.427668","indexId":"70011177","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic implications of space-time patterns of Cenozoic magmatism in the western United States","docAbstract":"Locations of 2,100 radiometrically dated igneous rocks were plotted on a series of 20 maps, each representing an interval within the period 80 m.y. B.P. to present. Derivative maps showing the distributions in space and time of dated granitic intrusive rocks, silicic lavas and domes, ash-flow tuffs, andesitic-dacitic rocks, and basalts depict well the two main petrogenetic assemblages noted previously by others: (1) mainly intermediate andesitic-dacitic suites, including associated granitic intrusive rocks, silicic extrusive rocks, and minor basaltic lavas, are interpreted as reflecting plate interactions related to subduction along the continental margin; and (2) bimodal suites, dominantly basaltic but with minor silicic extrusive rocks, are interpreted as reflecting extensional tectonics.
Space-time distribution of the two assemblages suggests that magmatic arcs extended continously parallel to the continental margin from Canada to Mexico in latest Mesozoic and in Oligocene times. An early Cenozoic null in magmatism in the Great Basin may delineate the region where subduction was arrested temporarily by development of the proto-San Andreas fault as a transform in coastal California or, alternatively, may reflect complex subsurface configurations of subducted plates. The late Cenozoic transition from subduction-related magmatism to extention-related basaltic volcanism in the southern Cordillera occurred at different times in different areas in harmony with current concepts about the migration of the Mendocino triple junction as the modern San Andreas transform fault was formed. The plots also reveal the existence of several discrete magmatic loci where igneous activity of various kinds was characteristically more intense and long-lived than elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(76)90189-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Snyder, W., Dickinson, W., and Silberman, M., 1976, Tectonic implications of space-time patterns of Cenozoic magmatism in the western United States: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 32, no. 1, p. 91-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(76)90189-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.474609375,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n -126.474609375,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n -126.474609375,\n 28.69058765425071\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba468e4b08c986b3202ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, W.S.","contributorId":107428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickinson, W.R.","contributorId":64801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silberman, M.L.","contributorId":10013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5659,"text":"other1975 - 1975 - Geologic map showing springs rich in carbon dioxide or or chloride in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T10:05:48","indexId":"other1975","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:45:20","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":390,"text":"Water Resources Investigations Open-File Map","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"1975","title":"Geologic map showing springs rich in carbon dioxide or or chloride in California","docAbstract":"Carbon dioxide- and chloride-rich springs occur in all geologic provinces in California, but are most abundant in the Coast Ranges and the Great Valley. The carbon-dioxide-rich springs issue mainly from Franciscan terrane; they also are rich in boron and are of the metamorphic type (White, 1957). Based on isotopic data, either the carbon dioxide or the water, or both, may be of metamorphic origin. Because of high magnesium values, the water of many of the carbon-dioxide-rich springs is thought to have passed through serpentinite. The chloride-rich waters are most common in rocks of the Great Valley sequence. Nearly all are more dilute than present-day sea water. The similarity in isotopic compositions of the metamorphic carbon-dioxide-rich water and the chloride-rich water may indicate a similar extent of water-rock interaction.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/other1975","usgsCitation":"Barnes, I., Irwin, W., and Gibson, H., 1975, Geologic map showing springs rich in carbon dioxide or or chloride in California: Water Resources Investigations Open-File Map 1975, Map: 29 x 33 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/other1975.","productDescription":"Map: 29 x 33 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/5659/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":260264,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/5659/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":260265,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/5659/report.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","county":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1fb7e4b0c8380cd5694b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Ivan","contributorId":56619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibson, H.A.","contributorId":21548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13563,"text":"ofr75317 - 1975 - A general purpose contouring system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:56","indexId":"ofr75317","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-317","title":"A general purpose contouring system","docAbstract":"Three Decsystem-10 FORTRAN IV programs provide a general purpose system for contouring two-dimensional data. The system can provide both quick or final, publication quality contour maps on either interactive or offline plotting devices. Complete user documentation, with examples, and program listings are presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75317","usgsCitation":"Evenden, G.I., 1975, A general purpose contouring system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-317, 108 leaves :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75317.","productDescription":"108 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0317/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42040,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ee4b07f02db50c339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evenden, Gerald Ian","contributorId":6460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenden","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48177,"text":"ofr73203 - 1973 - Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49254,"text":"ofr72272 - 1972 - Hydrogeologic maps of the Minneapolis-St. Paul artesian basin, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr72272","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic maps of the Minneapolis-St. Paul artesian basin, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":48177,"text":"ofr73203 - 1973 - Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr73203","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:38:07","indexId":"ofr73203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-203","title":"Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The water resources were studied within an area whose natural ground-water flow is largely towards the center of the metropolitan area. This area coincides with the extent of the Hinckley Sandstone aquifer. Thus, the general geohydrology of the area bounded by the extent of the Hinckley Sandstone (about 6,000 square miles) as it relates to the hydrology of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area is described. Greater emphasis is placed on the area underlain by the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer (about 2,000 square miles), from which approximately 75 percent of the ground-water for the metropolitan area is pumped.
\nThe study indicates that the surface-water resources of the Twin Cities metropolitan area are used to such an extent that a supply adequate for domestic and industrial needs as well as power plant and sanitary effluent assimilation will not be available during severe drought.
\nGround-water is obtained primarily from two aquifer systems: The Prairie du Chien-Jordan and the Mount Simon-Hinckley. In 1970, these aquifers supplied about 90 percent (175 mgd) of the ground-water used in the metropolitan part of the study area. The probable level of development that can be sustained by these two aquifers in the metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,100 mgd; thus, substantial additional ground-water supplies could be developed. However, considerable management and planning would be needed to sustain this level of development.
\nMaps in this report can be used to select general well-field locations based on consideration of 1) aquifer, 2) depth needed for completion, 3) head availability, 4) location of natural recharge and discharge boundaries, and 5) distance from areas where over-development of ground-water resources is imminent. Because of complexities in the ground-water system, yield estimates, boundary effects, and effects of aquifer interaction may best be determined in a study incorporating the use of a hydrologic model.
\nFuture detailed studies might include elaboration on some of the topics described in this report and the acquisition and interpretation of new data. Major items on which future work might focus are 1) data collection, 2) geohydrologic mapping, 3) hydraulic characteristics of subsurface geohydrologic units, 4) hydrology of lakes, and 5) hydrologic systems modeling
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr73203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R., Ross, T., and Brietkrietz, A., 1973, Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-203, x, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73203.","productDescription":"x, 219 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities Metropolitan 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:{\"name\":\"Anoka\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norvitch, R.F.","contributorId":107742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, T.G.","contributorId":34987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brietkrietz, Alex","contributorId":34111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brietkrietz","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241580,"text":"70241580 - 1973 - Critically refracted waves in a spherically symmetric radially heterogeneous Earth model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T18:08:46.234935","indexId":"70241580","displayToPublicDate":"1973-11-01T13:01:06","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1804,"text":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critically refracted waves in a spherically symmetric radially heterogeneous Earth model","docAbstract":"A theoretical analysis of acoustic waves refracted by a spherical boundary across which velocity and density increase abruptly and below which velocity and density may either increase or decrease continuously with depth is formulated in terms of waves generated at a harmonic point source and scattered by a radially heterogeneous spherical body. Through the application of an Earth-flattening transformation on the radial solution and the Watson transform on the sum over eigenfunctions, the solution to the spherical problem for high frequencies is expressed as an integral for the corresponding half-space problem in which the effect of boundary curvature maps into an effective positive velocity gradient with depth. The results of both analytical and numerical evaluation of this integral can be summarized as follows for body waves in the crust and upper mantle:
(1) In the special case of a critical velocity gradient (a gradient equal and opposite to the effective curvature gradient), waves interacting with the boundary at the critical angle of incidence have the same form as the classical head wave for flat, homogeneous layers.
(2) For gradients more negative than critical, the amplitude of waves incident at the critical angle decay more rapidly with distance than the classical head wave.
(3) For gradients that are positive, null, and less negative than critical, the amplitude of waves near the critical angle decays less rapidly with distance than the classical head wave, and at sufficiently large distances, the refracted wave field can be adequately described in terms of ray-theoretical diving waves. At intermediate distances from the critical point, the spectral amplitude of the refracted wave is scalloped due to multiple diving wave interference.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1973.tb02390.x","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., 1973, Critically refracted waves in a spherically symmetric radially heterogeneous Earth model: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 34, no. 2, p. 149-177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1973.tb02390.x.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"177","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1973.tb02390.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":414636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. 0000-0002-1619-2006 dhill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-2006","contributorId":206752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"dhill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112303,"text":"70112303 - 1970 - Perception via satellite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:12:20","indexId":"70112303","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T14:02:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3725,"text":"Water Spectrum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perception via satellite","docAbstract":"The earth resources observation satellite (EROS) program in the Department of the Interior is intended to gather and use data from satellites and aircraft on natural and man-made features of the earth's surface. Earth resources technology satellite will provide the EROS program with data for use in dealing with natural resource problems and understanding the interaction between man and the environment. Applications will include studies of tectonic features, hydrologic problems, location of fish schools, determination of the conditions of range land, mapping land use for urban planning, studies of erosion and change along coastlines and major streams, and inventories of land use and land forms. In addition, the ERTS data may be used for detecting forest and crop diseases and inventorying crops. The ERTS satellite will be in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit so that each point on the earth's surface will be sensed every 17 to 20 days, at the same time of day. Multispectral photography is being investigated for its usefulness in hydrology. Side-looking airborne radar has not yet been widely used in hydrologic studies, although it is an excellent tool for all-weather, day or night, coverage of large areas. Other techniques being investigated include passive microwave radiometry, ultraviolet and visible stimulated luminescence, and absorption spectroscopy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Dept. of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Robinove, C.J., 1970, Perception via satellite: Water Spectrum, v. 2, no. 1, p. 14-19.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc0de4b0e83db6d08fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}