{"pageNumber":"27","pageRowStart":"650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70243839,"text":"70243839 - 2023 - Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) abundance along the Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T15:26:11.659239","indexId":"70243839","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T08:14:25","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) abundance along the Missouri River, USA","title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) abundance along the Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"

Context: Changes in disturbance regimes, including reductions in flooding and geomorphic dynamism from dam construction and flow regulation, have facilitated invasion by eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.), an upland tree species, in the understory of floodplain forests along the Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR).

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of redcedar invasion along the MNRR.

Methods: We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from winter Landsat imagery to construct a time series of maps showing spatial changes in redcedar abundance and distribution from 1982 to 2017 in both riparian and upland habitats along the MNRR. We determined how environmental factors (e.g., soil drainage ability, flood recurrence interval, 1980s LULC, lateral distance to the river, and channel incision) have influenced current (2017) redcedar occurrence and abundance in riparian habitats using random forest models (RFM).

Results: Time-series maps indicated that detectable redcedar cover occurred over less than 5% of the study area before 1985, increased steadily from 1985 to 2000, and more than tripled from 2000 to 2010. After 2010, redcedar abundance continued to increase in upland areas but declined following the 2011 Missouri River flood in the floodplain. RFMs indicated that river incision, distance to the river, soil drainage, 1984 LULC, and flood recurrence interval were important features influencing redcedar occurrence and abundance in the floodplain.

Conclusion: Unless preventive measures are implemented, lack of floods and ongoing flow regulation will enable the continued spread of redcedar along the MNRR and other regulated rivers in the eastern Great Plains.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-023-01632-y","usgsCitation":"Illeperuma, N.D., Dixon, M.D., Elliott, C.M., Magnuson, K.I., Withanage, M.H., and Vogelmann, J., 2023, Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) abundance along the Missouri River, USA: Landscape Ecology, v. 38, p. 1677-1695, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01632-y.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1677","endPage":"1695","ipdsId":"IP-144340","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri National Recreational River, Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n 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-97.177922768616,\n 42.82999809011358\n ],\n [\n -97.19714425473532,\n 42.870260792478035\n ],\n [\n -97.29050575874166,\n 42.894405815388666\n ],\n [\n -97.47173691758141,\n 42.87026079772485\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Illeperuma, Nadeesha D.","contributorId":305650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Illeperuma","given":"Nadeesha","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Mark D.","contributorId":305659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magnuson, Kimberly I.","contributorId":305654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magnuson","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Withanage, Miyuraj H H.","contributorId":305652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Withanage","given":"Miyuraj","email":"","middleInitial":"H H.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vogelmann, James E.","contributorId":305656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70243587,"text":"sir20235033 - 2023 - Flood-inundation maps for the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:08:05.364807","indexId":"sir20235033","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T07:43:02","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5033","displayTitle":"Flood-Inundation Maps for the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada","docAbstract":"

The Muddy River provides habitat for several wildlife and endemic aquatic species protected under the Endangered Species Act. Near Moapa, Nevada, in the Bureau of Land Management’s Muddy River Floodplain Restoration Project Area, a previously constructed levee on the east side of the river alters the natural hydrology and decreases connectivity between the river and its floodplain. The Bureau of Land Management is interested in restoring the project area to a more natural state and proposed removing the existing levee (at the time of this study in 2019) on the east bank of the river and replacing it with a new levee farther away from the river. The 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, and 1-percent annual exceedance probability flood streamflows were estimated based on a flood-frequency analysis of a streamgage in the study area. River cross-sections were surveyed and combined with a digital elevation model of the floodplains to create a coupled one- and two-dimensional hydraulic model of the study area. The estimated flood streamflows were used as inputs in the hydraulic model to simulate how flood-inundation extents would change with the proposed restoration. Simulated inundation extents expand with increasing flood magnitudes, with nearly the entire valley inundated by the 2-percent flood streamflow. Within the project area, inundation extents with restoration increased on the east floodplain and decreased on the west floodplain for the 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, and 1-percent flood streamflows. Outside the Muddy River Floodplain Restoration Project Area, inundation extents decreased with restoration east of the project area for the 20- and 10-percent flood streamflows, but changes in extent for larger streamflows were minor because most of the streamflow leaves the main river channel upstream of the restoration area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235033","usgsCitation":"Morris, C.M., and Childres, H.K., 2023, Flood-inundation maps for the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5033, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235033.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 22 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-104618","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416999,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5033/sir20235033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417002,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5033/images"},{"id":416997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K68IWI","text":"Geospatial data, flood-frequency analysis, and surface-water model archive for flood-inundation maps of the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada","description":"Morris, C.M., 2023, Geospatial data, flood-frequency analysis, and surface-water model archive for flood-inundation maps of the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey data release, at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K68IWI."},{"id":417000,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5033/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":417001,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5033/sir20235033.xml"},{"id":417003,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235033/full"},{"id":500898,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114737.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Moapa","otherGeospatial":"Muddy River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.716667,\n 36.723611\n ],\n [\n -114.716667,\n 36.675\n ],\n [\n -114.675,\n 36.675\n ],\n [\n -114.675,\n 36.723611\n ],\n [\n -114.716667,\n 36.723611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-05-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, Christopher M. 0000-0002-0477-7605","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-7605","contributorId":216851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childres, Hampton K. 0000-0002-8712-0990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8712-0990","contributorId":290578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childres","given":"Hampton","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243699,"text":"sim3503 - 2023 - Landslides triggered by the 2016–2017 storm season, eastern San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:54:22.824025","indexId":"sim3503","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T07:42:15","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3503","displayTitle":"Landslides Triggered by the 2016–2017 Storm Season, Eastern San Francisco Bay Region, California","title":"Landslides triggered by the 2016–2017 storm season, eastern San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"

Discussion

The winter rainy season of 2016–2017 brought abundant rainfall to the State of California and to the San Francisco Bay region. In January and February of 2017, intense rainfall from strong winter storms saturated soils in the region and triggered thousands of shallow landslides. The highest concentration of these landslides was in the eastern part of the bay region, where landslides in the hills east of the Cities of Richmond, Berkeley, Oakland, Hayward, and Fremont (see main map for locations) damaged homes, displaced a major electrical transmission-line tower, and blocked several heavily traveled roadways.

This map shows 8,928 landslides manually mapped from rectified high-resolution (0.25-meter [m]) satellite imagery (March 11, 2017, from Google Earth) in a three-dimensional geographic information system (GIS) framework. The map area encompasses approximately 1,050 square kilometers (km2), bounded by the Carquinez Strait and San Francisco Bay to the north and west, respectively, and extending to the Interstate Highway 680 corridor to the south and east. Individual landslides were mapped as polygons, but for ease of display, they are shown here as points denoting the highest elevation of each landslide headscarp. The greatest calculated landslide concentration (measured as the total number of landslides per unit area) exceeded 80 landslides per 0.25 km2 in the hills east of the City of Berkeley. This zone is illustrated on the map in red, a color which denotes areas of greater than or equal to 30 landslides per 0.25 km2. The source area and deposit polygon datasets are available as a data release (Corbett and Collins, 2023). Complementary field investigations at more than 150 landslides of those displayed here indicate that most mapped landslides are shallow (less than 1 m deep) debris slides and debris flows. Although most landslides occurred in undeveloped areas (for example, parks and open space), about 1,400 landslides, or 16 percent of the total number, affected structures or infrastructure (including paved and dirt roads) in some way. The inset figures (figs. 1–5) show photographs taken in January and February 2017 that depict some areas of damage that occurred during and after the storms; the locations of where these photographs were taken are shown on the map.

In the San Francisco Bay region, landslides usually take place each year during the winter rainy season, but widespread, intense rainfall events such as those whose effects are depicted here typically occur as a result of considerably above-average precipitation conditions. Although the landslides of early 2017 are not the most damaging to affect the region historically, they are still a potent reminder of the potential for landslide hazards present in the San Francisco Bay region.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3503","usgsCitation":"Corbett, S.C., and Collins, B.D., 2023, Landslides triggered by the 2016–2017 storm season, eastern San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3503, scale 1:75,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3503.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.12 x 44.88 inches; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-126449","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3503/sim3503_sheet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3503/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":417163,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98MVEGI","text":"Mapped polygons of landslides triggered by the 2016–2017 storm season, eastern San Francisco Bay region, California","description":"Corbett, S.C., and Collins, B.D., 2023, Mapped polygons of landslides triggered by the 2016–2017 storm season, eastern San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XPA7UC."},{"id":500209,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"eastern San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.86773652737136,\n 37.59196580130809\n ],\n [\n -121.95011125798024,\n 37.760393221950594\n ],\n [\n -122.01875686682075,\n 37.85530428686653\n ],\n [\n -122.03935054947307,\n 38.00420363734628\n ],\n [\n -122.06680879300936,\n 38.03935395235649\n ],\n [\n -122.23842281511067,\n 38.06908335518102\n ],\n [\n -122.35855263058198,\n 38.006908106324346\n ],\n [\n -122.43406280030648,\n 37.96362463343144\n ],\n [\n -122.37571403279212,\n 37.88781713463695\n ],\n [\n -122.23842281511067,\n 37.790235557897105\n ],\n [\n -122.07024107345114,\n 37.64905661408321\n ],\n [\n -121.95011125798024,\n 37.551159813602936\n ],\n [\n -121.86773652737136,\n 37.59196580130809\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035

","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-05-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corbett, Skye C. 0000-0003-3277-1021 scorbett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-1021","contributorId":200617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"Skye","email":"scorbett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247515,"text":"70247515 - 2023 - High resolution lidar data shed light on inter-island translocation of endangered bird species in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-10T11:38:17.536908","indexId":"70247515","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-22T06:36:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High resolution lidar data shed light on inter-island translocation of endangered bird species in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"

Translocation, often a management solution reserved for at-risk species, is a highly time-sensitive intervention in the face of a rapidly changing climate. The definition of abiotic and biotic habitat requirements is essential to the selection of appropriate release sites in novel environments. However, field-based approaches to gathering this information are often too time intensive, especially in areas of complex topography where common, coarse-scale climate models lack essential details. We apply a fine-scale remote sensing-based approach to study the 'akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) and 'akeke'e (Loxops caeruleirostris), Hawaiian honeycreepers endemic to Kaua'i that are experiencing large-scale population declines due to warming-induced spread of invasive disease. We use habitat suitability modeling based on fine-scale light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived habitat structure metrics to refine coarse climate ranges for these species in candidate translocation areas on Maui. We found that canopy density was consistently the most important variable in defining habitat suitability for the two Kaua'i species. Our models also corroborated known habitat preferences and behavioral information for these species that are essential for informing translocation. We estimated a nesting habitat that will persist under future climate conditions on east Maui of 23.43 km2 for 'akikiki, compared to the current Kaua'i range of 13.09 km2. In contrast, the novel nesting range for 'akeke'e in east Maui was smaller than its current range on Kaua'i (26.29 vs. 38.48 km2, respectively). We were also able to assess detailed novel competitive interactions at a fine scale using models of three endemic Maui species of conservation concern: 'ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei), Maui 'alauahio (Paroreomyza montana), and kiwikiu (Pseudonestor xanthophrys). Weighted overlap areas between the species from both islands were moderate (<12 km2), and correlations between Maui and Kaua'i bird habitat were generally low, indicating limited potential for competition. Results indicate that translocation to east Maui could be a viable option for 'akikiki but would be more uncertain for 'akeke'e. Our novel multifaceted approach allows for the timely analysis of both climate and vegetation structure at informative scales for the effective selection of appropriate translocation sites for at-risk species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2889","usgsCitation":"Gallerani, E.M., Burgett, J., Vaughn, N.R., Fortini, L., Fricker, G.A., Mounce, H., Gillespie, T.W., Crampton, L.H., Knapp, D., Hite, J.M., and Gilb, R., 2023, High resolution lidar data shed light on inter-island translocation of endangered bird species in the Hawaiian Islands: Ecological Applications, v. 33, no. 5, e2889, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2889.","productDescription":"e2889, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146020","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2889","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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effects of climate change on Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s turtle)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70243785,"text":"ofr20211104D - 2023 - Potential effects of climate change on Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s turtle)","indexId":"ofr20211104D","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Potential Effects of Climate Change on Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle)","title":"Potential effects of climate change on Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s turtle)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70228323,"text":"ofr20211104 - 2022 - Effects of climate change on fish and wildlife species in the United States","indexId":"ofr20211104","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of climate change on fish and wildlife species in the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70228323,"text":"ofr20211104 - 2022 - Effects of climate change on fish and wildlife species in the United States","indexId":"ofr20211104","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of climate change on fish and wildlife species in the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-22T13:50:13.574642","indexId":"ofr20211104D","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-19T13:15:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1104","chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Potential Effects of Climate Change on Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle)","title":"Potential effects of climate change on Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s turtle)","docAbstract":"

Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838; Blanding’s turtles) are a species of medium-sized, long-lived, semiaquatic, freshwater turtles with a wide distribution across the northern and eastern United States and southern Canada. They have an annual activity cycle consisting of late autumn and winter overwintering and spring emergence, spring movement and foraging, spring and summer nesting, and summer and autumn foraging and nonnesting movement. In response to changes in average and extreme temperatures, Blanding’s turtles are likely to experience increased physiological stress and reduced reproductive success. Variability in precipitation may affect the availability of freshwater habitats for overwintering, shelter, and feeding; however, projected changes in precipitation vary widely. This analysis presents anticipated climate conditions and effects on the species; the complex life history and expansive geographic range of this species require additional analysis at local scales.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211104D","usgsCitation":"Lyons, M.P., Nikiel, C.A., LeDee, O.E., and Boyles, R., 2023, Potential effects of climate change on Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s turtle): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1104–D, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211104D.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-149510","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":417247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/d/ofr20211104d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1104–D"},{"id":417248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/d/ofr20211104d.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":417249,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/d/images"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101,\n 48.1\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -71,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -71,\n 48.1\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 48.1\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1954 Buford Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-05-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Marta P. 0000-0002-8117-8710 mlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-8710","contributorId":270223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Marta","email":"mlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nikiel, Catherine A. 0000-0001-9785-7497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9785-7497","contributorId":300807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nikiel","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":30773,"text":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeDee, Olivia E. 0000-0002-7791-5829 oledee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5829","contributorId":242820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeDee","given":"Olivia","email":"oledee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyles, Ryan P. 0000-0001-9272-867X rboyles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-867X","contributorId":197670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyles","given":"Ryan","email":"rboyles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243759,"text":"70243759 - 2023 - Use of environmental DNA to assess American Eel distribution, abundance, and barriers in a river-canal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-19T12:54:11.017578","indexId":"70243759","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-19T07:29:23","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of environmental DNA to assess American Eel distribution, abundance, and barriers in a river-canal system","docAbstract":"

Objective: The American Eel Anguilla rostrata historically was one of the most common fish species in Atlantic coast watersheds, but extensive dam construction and other factors caused a widespread population decline. One of the watersheds where American Eels have declined considerably is the Mohawk River in eastern and central New York. Recent attempts to characterize the distribution and abundance of American Eels in this watershed have been ineffective, and the extent to which a series of locks and dams on the Hudson River and lower Mohawk River limits use of the watershed is unclear.

Methods: We developed a model between environmental DNA (eDNA) quantity and American Eel abundance in the Hudson River watershed in which the DNA concentration in water samples explained up to 65% of the variability in eel density and 56% of the variability in eel biomass. We then used this relationship to interpret eDNA data collected twice from 36 sites across the Mohawk River watershed in 2021 and make inferences about the distribution and abundance of American Eels.

Result: American Eel DNA was detected almost exclusively in the downstream-most 4 km of the Mohawk River within a series of barriers. The concentration of DNA was reduced by approximately 80% across each successive upstream barrier before becoming too low to detect consistently. Our data suggest that eel population density was high in the Hudson River estuary and declined rapidly in the lower Mohawk River, and the species was nearly absent or undetectable in the Mohawk River and its tributaries upstream of the Crescent Dam and the Waterford Flight of Locks.

Conclusion: Barriers appear to be largely restricting American Eels from using over 99% of the Mohawk River watershed. Therefore, improvements in fish passage at dams and hydroelectric facilities in the region could help the American Eel to regain access to this part of its native range.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10404","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Baldigo, B., Rees, C., Bartron, M.L., Wiley, J.J., Stich, D.S., Wells, S.M., and Winterhalter, D., 2023, Use of environmental DNA to assess American Eel distribution, abundance, and barriers in a river-canal system: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 152, no. 3, p. 310-326, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10404.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"326","ipdsId":"IP-143996","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10404","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.46545959281143,\n 43.193210843337965\n ],\n [\n -75.36068780837059,\n 43.1807103892566\n ],\n [\n -75.25020119932465,\n 43.095917619682325\n ],\n [\n -75.11304540878423,\n 43.06391605114166\n ],\n [\n -75.0406576304439,\n 43.00264908923049\n ],\n [\n -74.84063876923905,\n 43.01240019708166\n ],\n [\n -74.66347920645833,\n 42.963629178932905\n ],\n [\n -74.58156672044112,\n 42.881327587792015\n ],\n [\n -74.45774552064795,\n 42.879931698082856\n ],\n [\n -74.25772665944312,\n 42.84083396491155\n ],\n [\n -74.11866592736799,\n 42.86317855831385\n ],\n [\n -74.03865838288596,\n 42.83524655344701\n ],\n [\n -74.02532379213918,\n 42.75417231574653\n ],\n [\n -74.00627437678641,\n 42.707996466290325\n ],\n [\n -73.81976366766865,\n 42.62025113498041\n ],\n [\n -73.79690436924501,\n 42.550123385716574\n ],\n [\n -73.8254784922747,\n 42.384309188935845\n ],\n [\n -73.81404884306264,\n 42.31351753996279\n ],\n [\n -73.93977498439143,\n 42.2035468271101\n ],\n [\n -73.97025404895584,\n 42.10469190424271\n ],\n [\n -74.00454299659106,\n 41.89801206244189\n ],\n [\n -73.91310580289745,\n 41.86681033353875\n ],\n [\n -73.88262673833307,\n 42.11317123319691\n ],\n [\n -73.72642153243986,\n 42.28251957771869\n ],\n [\n -73.74547094779265,\n 42.37828214920688\n ],\n [\n -73.71880176629864,\n 42.619854148073244\n ],\n [\n -73.61212504032306,\n 42.82697116015191\n ],\n [\n -73.66165352024026,\n 42.88841312774437\n ],\n [\n -73.94442157442768,\n 42.88448522793766\n ],\n [\n -74.22444798011406,\n 42.97932677531503\n ],\n [\n -74.37874824447162,\n 42.982114021563405\n ],\n [\n -74.51971391808242,\n 42.93192425763374\n ],\n [\n -74.65305982555196,\n 43.01415827143066\n ],\n [\n -74.86679009610465,\n 43.05871377504309\n ],\n [\n -75.00966071125109,\n 43.05314610631808\n ],\n [\n -75.22491910473742,\n 43.151897073297846\n ],\n [\n -75.36207489527783,\n 43.21717980329879\n ],\n [\n -75.47065656278859,\n 43.221344415722996\n ],\n [\n -75.46545959281143,\n 43.193210843337965\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"152","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rees, Christopher B.","contributorId":196308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rees","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartron, Meredith L.","contributorId":149109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartron","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":26874,"text":"USFWS, Lamar, PA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiley, John J. Jr.","contributorId":305554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stich, Daniel S.","contributorId":280276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stich","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":33660,"text":"SUNY Oneonta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wells, Scott M.","contributorId":305556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Winterhalter, Dylan R. 0000-0003-1774-8034","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-8034","contributorId":251765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterhalter","given":"Dylan R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70243775,"text":"70243775 - 2023 - Survival, healing, and swim performance of juvenile migratory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) implanted with a new acoustic microtransmitter designed for small eel-like fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-22T13:11:13.664535","indexId":"70243775","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-19T06:51:50","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Survival, healing, and swim performance of juvenile migratory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) implanted with a new acoustic microtransmitter designed for small eel-like fishes","title":"Survival, healing, and swim performance of juvenile migratory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) implanted with a new acoustic microtransmitter designed for small eel-like fishes","docAbstract":"

Background

Little is known about the transformer stage of the parasitic lampreys, a brief but critical period that encompasses juvenile out-migration from rivers to lakes or oceans to begin parasitic feeding. Information about this life stage could have significant conservation implications for both imperiled and invasive lampreys. We investigated tag retention, survival, wound healing, and swim performance of newly transformed sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) implanted with a new micro-acoustic transmitter, the eel–lamprey acoustic transmitter (ELAT), in a controlled laboratory environment.

Results

The 61-day survival of our tagged subjects was 71%, within the range reported in similar studies of juvenile lampreys. However, survival was significantly lower in the tagged animals (vs control), with no effect statistically attributable to measures of animal length, mass, condition, or population of origin (Great Lakes vs. Atlantic drainage). Mortality in tagged fish was concentrated in the first four days post-surgery, suggesting injury from the surgical process. An unusually long recovery time from anesthesia may have contributed to the increased mortality. In a simple burst swim assay, tagged animals swam significantly slower (− 22.5%) than untagged animals, but were not significantly different in endurance swim tests. A composite wound healing score at day four was a significant predictor of maximum burst swim speed at day 20, and wound condition was related to animal mass, but not length, at the time of tagging.

Conclusions

Impairments to survival and swim performance of juvenile sea lamprey implanted with the ELAT transmitter were within currently reported ranges for telemetry studies with small, difficult to observe fishes. Our results could be improved with more refined anesthesia and surgical techniques. The ability to track migratory movements of imperiled and pest populations of parasitic lampreys will improve our ability to estimate vital rates that underlie recruitment to the adult population (growth, survival) and to investigate the environmental factors that regulate the timing and rates of movement, in wild populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40317-023-00318-1","usgsCitation":"Haas, T.F., Castro-Santos, T.R., Miehls, S.M., Deng, Z.D., Bruning, T.M., and Wagner, C., 2023, Survival, healing, and swim performance of juvenile migratory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) implanted with a new acoustic microtransmitter designed for small eel-like fishes: Animal Biotelemetry, v. 11, 9, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-023-00318-1.","productDescription":"9, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140446","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-023-00318-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Connecticut River, Laurentian Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.16902332793785,\n 47.06812660466679\n ],\n [\n -89.74152286342039,\n 45.270754739975416\n ],\n [\n -89.90741103244955,\n 44.18979882763344\n ],\n [\n -88.77880255153116,\n 42.20565672900159\n ],\n [\n -87.77549563594246,\n 41.249463148319364\n ],\n [\n -82.8981566445738,\n 40.5193690056075\n ],\n [\n -76.48889468739668,\n 40.87284743398706\n ],\n [\n -73.82310518642845,\n 42.66152815150093\n ],\n [\n -73.7170282527476,\n 45.34076772252291\n ],\n [\n -76.90139888708853,\n 45.80302154864762\n ],\n [\n -81.09980906871236,\n 48.216556528021414\n ],\n [\n -83.6496004007979,\n 50.66666824462493\n ],\n [\n -90.53213528839228,\n 51.59666650816817\n ],\n [\n -91.6056028752322,\n 49.93569103009389\n ],\n [\n -93.16902332793785,\n 47.06812660466679\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.56497944405514,\n 41.509109756299125\n ],\n [\n -72.54109193574138,\n 41.48406147590043\n ],\n [\n -72.44016721311549,\n 41.40706691113098\n ],\n [\n -72.37149062671365,\n 41.2550485801483\n ],\n [\n -72.28071809512106,\n 41.272106634426564\n ],\n [\n -72.35835249714084,\n 41.403931476707555\n ],\n [\n -72.47958160183332,\n 41.5269954540789\n ],\n [\n -72.54527224969621,\n 41.520288896647855\n ],\n [\n -72.56497944405514,\n 41.509109756299125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, Taylor F.","contributorId":305571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haas","given":"Taylor","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miehls, Scott M. 0000-0002-5546-1854 smiehls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-1854","contributorId":5007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miehls","given":"Scott","email":"smiehls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deng, Zhiqun D.","contributorId":305572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deng","given":"Zhiqun","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38914,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bruning, Tyler Michael 0000-0002-5970-9810 tbruning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-9810","contributorId":305573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruning","given":"Tyler","email":"tbruning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, C. 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Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70243629,"text":"sim3495 - 2023 - Logs and data from the Starthistle trench across a scarp within the Wallula Fault Zone, southeastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:34:17.455519","indexId":"sim3495","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-16T09:17:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3495","displayTitle":"Logs and Data from the Starthistle Trench Across a Scarp within the Wallula Fault Zone, Southeastern Washington","title":"Logs and data from the Starthistle trench across a scarp within the Wallula Fault Zone, southeastern Washington","docAbstract":"

Introduction

The Wallula Fault Zone is composed of a series of northwest-trending faults and folds that coincide with a prominent magnetic anomaly that extends uninterrupted for approximately 120 kilometers within the Cascadia back arc of southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon. It is part of the geologic structures associated with the topographic lineament known as the Olympic-Wallowa lineament and represents a relatively narrow zone of active faulting and seismicity that trend along the northern flank of the Horse Heaven Hills. Prior paleoseismic study of the Wallula Fault at an exposure at Finley Quarry indicates multiple Quaternary ruptures, including a Holocene liquefaction event, demonstrating that this fault zone poses a seismic hazard to the Tri-Cities region (Richland, Pasco, Kennewick) in southeastern Washington.

Recent airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data coverage east of the Columbia River reveals an approximately 0.5-meter-high south-facing scarp east of the Columbia River that extends, almost continuously, for about 25 km to the east along the base of the Horse Heaven Hills. As part of an effort to assess and characterize the seismic hazard posed by the Wallula Fault Zone, we excavated and studied a trench exposure across the scarp to understand its origin and the potential history of rupture along the fault zone. We present preliminary mapping and trench site information from a paleoseismic investigation. These field and laboratory data may support development of a history of the latest Pleistocene and Holocene surface rupture within the Wallula Fault Zone.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3495","usgsCitation":"Angster, S.J., Sherrod, B.L., and Lasher, J., 2023, Logs and data from the Starthistle trench across a scarp within the Wallula Fault Zone, southeastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3495, pamphlet 3 p., 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3495.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 3 p.; 1 Sheet: 49.32 × 32.44 inches","numberOfPages":"3","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126146","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3495/sim3495_sheet.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Logs and Data from the Starthistle Trench Across a Scarp within the Wallula Fault Zone, Southeastern Washington"},{"id":417067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3495/sim3495_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3495/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":500198,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114733.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wallula Fault Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.64099161023873,\n 46.4241743263303\n ],\n [\n -119.64099161023873,\n 45.947340820158956\n ],\n [\n -118.30440547571823,\n 45.947340820158956\n ],\n [\n -118.30440547571823,\n 46.4241743263303\n ],\n [\n -119.64099161023873,\n 46.4241743263303\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Mail Stop 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-05-16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angster, Stephen J. 0000-0001-9250-8415 sangster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-8415","contributorId":3885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angster","given":"Stephen","email":"sangster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":872665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lasher, John","contributorId":271205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasher","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":56315,"text":"Ellensburg, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243604,"text":"70243604 - 2023 - A numerical investigation of the mechanisms controlling salt intrusion in the Delaware Bay Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T14:03:31.182073","indexId":"70243604","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-15T08:43:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical investigation of the mechanisms controlling salt intrusion in the Delaware Bay Estuary","docAbstract":"

Salinity intrusion in coastal systems is mainly controlled by freshwater inflows. However, extreme events like drought, low-pressure storms, and longer-term sea level rise can exacerbate the landward salt migration and threaten economic infrastructure and ecological health. Along the eastern seaboard of the United States, approximately 13 million people rely on the water resources of the Delaware River basin. Salinity intrusion is actively managed through river discharge targets to suppress the propagation of the salt front (∼0.52 daily averaged psu line). The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanisms controlling the location of the salt front in the Delaware Bay estuary using a calibrated three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave and Sediment Transport modeling system. This study explored how river discharge, tidal motions, interactions with bathymetric and topographic features, and meteorological events affected the location of the salt front. The model was forced with tides, subtidal water levels, bulk atmospheric conditions, and waves. Compared with the observationally derived location of the salt front line, the model captured the major dynamics throughout the year and performed particularly well during times of low discharge, when salinity intruded up estuary at a constant rate of 0.4 km/day. The daily average salt front moved almost 16 km (10 mi) within a neap-spring tidal cycle, and low-pressure storm systems were found to move the daily averaged salt front by 13–16 km in one event.

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The archaeological record documenting human history in deserts is commonly concentrated along rivers in terraces or other landforms built by river sediment deposits. Today that record is at risk in many river valleys owing to human resource and infrastructure development activities, including the construction and operation of dams. We assessed the effects of the operations of Glen Canyon Dam – which, since its closure in 1963, has imposed drastic changes to flow, sediment supply and distribution, and riparian vegetation – on a population of 362 archaeological sites in the Colorado River corridor through Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. We leverage 50 years of evidence from aerial photographs and more than 30 years of field observations and measurements of archaeological-site topography and wind patterns to evaluate changes in the physical integrity of archaeological sites using two geomorphology-based site classification systems. We find that most archaeological sites are eroding; moreover, most are at increased risk of continuing to erode, due to six decades of operations of Glen Canyon Dam. Results show that the wind-driven (aeolian) supply of river-sourced sand, essential for covering archaeological sites and protecting them from erosion, has decreased for most sites since 1973 owing to effects of long-term dam operations on river sediment supply and riparian vegetation expansion on sandbars. Results show that the proportion of sites affected by erosion from gullies controlled by the local base-level of the Colorado River has increased since 2000. These changes to landscape processes affecting archaeological site integrity limit the ability of the National Park Service and Grand Canyon-affiliated Native American Tribes to achieve environmental management goals to maintain or improve site integrity in situ. We identify three environmental management opportunities that could be used to a greater extent to decrease the risk of erosion and increase the potential for in-situ preservation of archaeological sites. Environmental management opportunities are: 1) sediment-rich controlled river floods to increase the aeolian supply of river-sourced sand, 2) extended periods of low river flow to increase the aeolian supply of river-sourced sand, 3) the removal of riparian vegetation barriers to the aeolian transport of river-sourced sand.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118036","usgsCitation":"Sankey, J., East, A.E., Fairley, H.C., Caster, J., Dierker, J., Brennan, E., Pilkington, L., Bransky, N., and Kasprak, A., 2023, Archaeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park along the Colorado River are eroding owing to six decades of Glen Canyon Dam operations: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 342, 118036, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118036.","productDescription":"118036, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148201","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X9ZDPK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aeolian and drainage classification data for various archaeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park along the Colorado 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Former: Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70243538,"text":"70243538 - 2023 - Evaluation of management efforts to reduce nutrient and sediment contributions to the Chesapeake Bay estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T13:21:29.644563","indexId":"70243538","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-11T08:21:02","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"23-003","title":"Evaluation of management efforts to reduce nutrient and sediment contributions to the Chesapeake Bay estuary","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Chesapeake Bay Program","usgsCitation":"Easton, Z., Stephenson, K., Benham, B., Bohlke, J., Buda, A., Collick, A., Fowler, L., Gilinsky, E., Hershner, C., Miller, A., Noe, G.E., Palm-Forster, L., and Thompson, T., 2023, Evaluation of management efforts to reduce nutrient and sediment contributions to the Chesapeake Bay estuary, 55 p.","productDescription":"55 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148824","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.chesapeake.org/stac/cesr/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.08862293437461,\n 36.85462381207931\n ],\n [\n -75.92180390988723,\n 37.13512127827683\n ],\n [\n -75.94814375585872,\n 37.330853236821056\n ],\n [\n -75.77254478271404,\n 37.637404044844075\n ],\n [\n -75.52670622031113,\n 37.921920038222424\n ],\n [\n -75.67596534748432,\n 38.08795738112141\n ],\n [\n -75.70230519345583,\n 38.24672343892922\n ],\n [\n -75.77254478271404,\n 38.46703963112793\n ],\n [\n -75.92180390988723,\n 38.43265942812687\n ],\n [\n -76.16764247228961,\n 38.515144391749516\n ],\n [\n -76.01838334511692,\n 38.63183648157502\n ],\n [\n -76.06228308840309,\n 39.01489183021451\n ],\n [\n -75.97448360183076,\n 39.15119747459073\n ],\n [\n -76.02716329377375,\n 39.314416409123254\n ],\n [\n -75.74620493674254,\n 39.35516180395621\n ],\n [\n -75.62328565554083,\n 39.58560358402673\n ],\n [\n -76.06228308840309,\n 39.65999480273922\n ],\n [\n -76.65053964843808,\n 39.26685010791874\n ],\n [\n -76.67687949440958,\n 38.96029585189348\n ],\n [\n -76.61541985380924,\n 38.535750885152225\n ],\n [\n -76.49250057260753,\n 38.4120234446398\n ],\n [\n -76.46616072663605,\n 38.219136793785225\n ],\n [\n -77.11587692727186,\n 38.52888270963214\n ],\n [\n -77.14221677324335,\n 38.30186532951774\n ],\n [\n -76.31690159946282,\n 37.866490737589075\n ],\n [\n -76.57152011052307,\n 37.49125260960112\n ],\n [\n -76.55396021320838,\n 37.2050838766676\n ],\n [\n -76.36958129140633,\n 36.94589895207123\n ],\n [\n -76.08862293437461,\n 36.85462381207931\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Easton, Z.","contributorId":305299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easton","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, K.","contributorId":305300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benham, B.","contributorId":305301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benham","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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2023 - Achieving water quality goals in the Chesapeake Bay: A comprehensive evaluation of system response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T12:52:47.792769","indexId":"70243537","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-11T07:37:03","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"23-006","title":"Achieving water quality goals in the Chesapeake Bay: A comprehensive evaluation of system response","docAbstract":"

A Comprehensive Evaluation of System Response

Achieving Water Quality Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: A Comprehensive Evaluation of System Response (CESR) includes an evaluation of why progress toward meeting the TMDL and water quality standards has been slower than expected and offers options for how progress can be accelerated. This report is a summation of a three year investigation into the 40 year effort to reduce nutrient loads to Chesapeake Bay.

History

The effort began as a STAC independent initiative in March 2019, after Kurt Stephenson, Zach Easton, and Brian Benham proposed the idea of a report that would identify gaps and uncertainties in system response—physical, chemical, biological, and socioeconomic—that impact efforts designed to attain water quality standards in Chesapeake Bay. As STAC Chair at the time, Benham facilitated the development of a collaborative process that would engage the entire committee. As a first step in approaching the long causal chain that links management actions to their eventual impact on water quality and living resources, workgroups were formed around the subsystems of this chain: nutrient and sediment reductions (watershed), water quality response to nutrient and sediment reductions (estuary) and living resource response to water quality (living resources). Each of these workgroups generated an independent document with a self-determined scope (i.e., workgroups were afforded flexibility to address issues beyond the original objectives). Because the content of each document was both unique and substantial, STAC chose to publish them as stand-alone documents with authorship attribution.

In the second step, a steering committee developed a series of framing questions to guide the preparation of this report that would meet the objective of identifying gaps and uncertainties in achieving the Bay TMDL and water quality standards. Coeditors Stephenson and Wardrop, supported to great extent by a subgroup of the Steering Committee (Leonard Shabman, Zach Easton, Jeremy Testa, William Dennison, Kenny Rose, and Mark Monaco) were tasked with assembling ideas and contributions to write a single draft text, drawing material from the aforementioned resource documents, STAC and Chesapeake Bay Program reports, the scientific literature, and a limited amount of additional analyses performed in collaboration with Bay Program scientists. The resulting report was then submitted for several reviews by both steering committee members and the membership at-large to produce a consensus report.

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Managing and understanding fisheries dynamics are becoming more complex as new and seemingly more complicated environmental factors are identified. Often management requires resources beyond that of any one entity and calls for collaboration among partners with differing priorities and backgrounds to account for the complexity of factors influencing fisheries. We present a collaborative case study from the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania, where Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu have faced population declines, mortality events, and notable signs of disease in recent years. Collaboration was required to study many facets of the fishery and the environment simultaneously to better understand risk factors and underlying relationships influencing Smallmouth Bass health. The outcomes from this interdisciplinary collaboration allowed for identification of contributing risk factors, led to the development of products and analytical techniques that were mutually beneficial to all partners involved, and provided knowledge that was integrated into fish health and fisheries management.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10922","usgsCitation":"Schall, M., Smith, G., Blazer, V., Walsh, H.L., Wertz, T., Shull, D.R., and Wagner, T., 2023, Assembling the right pieces: Developing an interdisciplinary team to study disease, decline, and recovery of a world-class Smallmouth Bass fishery: Fisheries Magazine, v. 48, no. 2, p. 287-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10922.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-142756","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10922","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5,\n 39.528797988906234\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 42.26954597404389\n ],\n [\n -77.80771178110639,\n 42.26954597404389\n ],\n [\n -77.80771178110639,\n 39.528797988906234\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 39.528797988906234\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schall, Megan K.","contributorId":264767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schall","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Geoffrey","contributorId":199064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wertz, Timothy","contributorId":274363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wertz","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":56607,"text":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shull, Dustin R.","contributorId":147947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shull","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16963,"text":"PA DEP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70243322,"text":"70243322 - 2023 - Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario's benthic preyfish community, 2022","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T15:16:28.215504","indexId":"70243322","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-08T10:10:23","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario's benthic preyfish community, 2022","docAbstract":"

Since 1978, surveys of Lake Ontario preyfish communities have provided information on the status and trends of the benthic preyfish community related to Fish Community Objectives that includes understanding preyfish population dynamics and community diversity. Beginning in 2015, the benthic preyfish survey expanded from US-only to incorporate Canadian sites, increasing the survey’s spatial coverage to a lake-wide scale. Additionally, sampling in eastern US embayments (Black River, Chaumont, Guffin, and Henderson Bays), that were historically sampled during a September bottom trawl survey to index Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens; 1978–2007), resumed in 2015. The current survey provides abundance indices for sculpins, Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) with survey techniques, gear and timing comparable to Lake Michigan. This alignment provides a necessary biological reference point for measuring the success of Lake Ontario Bloater reintroduction. In 2022, the collaborative benthic preyfish survey completed 171 bottom trawl tows across main lake and embayment sites at depths from 6 to 222 m. In total, the 2022 survey sampled 141,552 fish from 34 species. Round Goby was the most numerically abundant species comprising 36% of the total catch, followed by Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and Deepwater Sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii), at 20% and 16%, respectively. Alewife accounted for most (623 kg) of the fish biomass sampled during the 2022 survey (total=2,197 kg), followed by Deepwater Sculpin (547 kg), and Round Goby (262 kg). Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) lake-wide biomass density (0.03 kg/ha) remained low relative to historical observations from US waters during the 1980-1990s and was similar to the average from the previous three survey years (2019-2021 average 0.04 ± 0.02 kg/ha). Lake-wide Deepwater Sculpin biomass density reached a new high (4.4 kg/ha) in 2022. Embayment catches continue to have unique species assemblages compared to main lake habitat. Historically common native benthic preyfish species like Trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus), Spottail Shiner (Notropis hudsonius), and darters (Etheostoma spp.), that are now rare at main lake trawl sites, still occur in some embayment trawl sites.

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\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192

Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-05-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Tom 0000-0002-5682-8988","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-8988","contributorId":304658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70243238,"text":"70243238 - 2023 - A multi-level assessment of biological effects associated with mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-05T12:19:24.061258","indexId":"70243238","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-01T07:14:38","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-level assessment of biological effects associated with mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu","docAbstract":"

Total mercury (THg) was measured in muscle (fillet) and liver tissue of adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu collected at multiple sites in the Potomac and Susquehanna River drainages within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Smallmouth bass in these drainages have experienced episodic mortality events, a high prevalence of skin lesions and reproductive endocrine disruption (intersex or testicular oocytes and plasma vitellogenin in males). A multi-level assessment of general and reproductive health including indicators at the organismal, organ, cellular and molecular levels was conducted on adult smallmouth bass during the spring (prespawn) season. Concentrations of THg were correlated with increased visible abnormalities, increased macrophage aggregates and tissue parasite burdens. In male bass positive correlations of THg were observed with plasma vitellogenin and hepatic transcript abundance of estrogen receptor β1 and androgen receptor α, while there was a negative association with estrogen receptors α and β2 and androgen receptors β. In female bass there was a negative correlation between THg and plasma vitellogenin as well as hepatic transcript abundance of vitellogenin, choriogenin, estrogen receptor β2 and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Associations of THg concentrations with various biological indicators suggest mercury may be an important environmental stressor contributing to the observed adverse effects in smallmouth bass populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121688","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Walsh, H.L., Sperry, A., Raines, B., Willacker, J., and Eagles-Smith, C., 2023, A multi-level assessment of biological effects associated with mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu: Environmental Pollution, v. 392, 121688, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121688.","productDescription":"121688, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142236","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9418S5I","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Biological Indicators and Mercury Concentrations in Smallmouth Bass"},{"id":416756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.7050690262425,\n 38.34492249955525\n ],\n [\n -75.7050690262425,\n 41.373316260150034\n ],\n [\n -81.34132806363009,\n 41.373316260150034\n ],\n [\n -81.34132806363009,\n 38.34492249955525\n ],\n [\n -75.7050690262425,\n 38.34492249955525\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"392","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sperry, Adam 0000-0002-4815-3730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-3730","contributorId":203243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raines, Brenna","contributorId":304802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raines","given":"Brenna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willacker, James 0000-0002-6286-5224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-5224","contributorId":221744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willacker","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":221745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70243020,"text":"sir20235041 - 2023 - Public-supply water use in 2010 and projections of use in 2020 and 2030, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:34:51.78009","indexId":"sir20235041","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-27T12:28:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5041","displayTitle":"Public-Supply Water Use in 2010 and Projections of Use in 2020 and 2030, Tennessee","title":"Public-supply water use in 2010 and projections of use in 2020 and 2030, Tennessee","docAbstract":"

Future water use was projected for public-water systems in Tennessee. Water-use information was compiled for Tennessee for 2010, and projections were made to 2020 and 2030. The water-use models were based on two primary datasets: baseline water-use information for 2010 for Tennessee and projected population in Tennessee.

Population and water withdrawals in Tennessee are expected to increase through 2030. Because population served is projected to increase by about 1 million people during 2010 to 2030, the supply of finished water to meet demand in Tennessee is projected to increase from 921 to 1,137 million gallons per day, or 23 percent. The residential, commercial, and industrial water use, and treatment and nonrevenue water sectors of public supply are about 37, 32, and 30 percent, respectively, of the total water demand in Tennessee during 2010, 2020, and 2030.

In West Tennessee, public-supply water use is 26, 26, and 24 percent of the total water demand in Tennessee during 2010, 2020, and 2030, respectively. From 2010 to 2030, public-supply water use in West Tennessee is projected to increase 13 percent. In Middle Tennessee, public-supply water use is 38, 39, and 41 percent of the total water demand in Tennessee during 2010, 2020, and 2030, respectively. From 2010 to 2030, public-supply water use in Middle Tennessee is projected to increase 33 percent. In East Tennessee, public-supply water use is 36, 36, and 35 percent of the total water demand in Tennessee during 2010, 2020, and 2030, respectively. From 2010 to 2030, public-supply water use in East Tennessee is projected to increase 21 percent.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., and Gain, W.S., 2023, Public-supply water use in 2010 and projections of use in 2020 and 2030, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5041, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235041.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 26 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079080","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500917,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114699.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416446,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
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","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, John A. 0000-0001-8002-4237 jarobin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-4237","contributorId":1105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"John","email":"jarobin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":870610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":870611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243002,"text":"pp1885J - 2023 - Summary and conclusions","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70243002,"text":"pp1885J - 2023 - Summary and conclusions","indexId":"pp1885J","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","displayTitle":"Summary and Conclusions","title":"Summary and conclusions"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T14:21:00.155283","indexId":"pp1885J","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:49:50","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"J","displayTitle":"Summary and Conclusions","title":"Summary and conclusions","docAbstract":"

Executive Summary

Chromium concentrations in rock and aquifer material in Hinkley and Water Valleys in the Mojave Desert, 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California, are generally low compared to the average chromium concentration of 185 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) in the average bulk continental crust. Chromium concentrations in felsic, coarse-textured “Mojave-type” deposits, composed of Mojave River stream (alluvium) and lake-margin (beach) deposits sourced from the Mojave River, are as low as 5 mg/kg, with a median concentration of 23 mg/kg in aquifer materials adjacent to the screened intervals of sampled wells. The most abundant chromium-containing mineral within aquifer materials in Hinkley and Water Valleys is magnetite. Magnetite is resistant to weathering, and about 90 percent of chromium remains within unweathered mineral grains. However, chromium-containing hornblende diorite and basalt are present in surrounding uplands, and chromium-containing actinolite is present within some aquifer materials.

Although geologic abundance of chromium is clearly important, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), concentrations in alkaline oxic groundwater are related to additional factors. Hexavalent chromium concentrations in groundwater are influenced by a combination of processes including (1) mineralogy and the weathering rates of chromium-containing minerals; (2) texture of aquifer deposits; (3) accumulation of chromium weathered from minerals within surface coatings on mineral grains; (4) oxidation of accumulated Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in the presence of manganese oxides (Mn oxides), including the abundance and oxidation states of those Mn oxides; (5) pH-dependent desorption of chromium from coatings on the surfaces of mineral grains into groundwater during appropriate aqueous geochemical conditions; and (6) age (time since recharge) of groundwater. The pH of groundwater increases with groundwater age (time since recharge) as a result of silicate weathering, and desorption of Cr(VI) from aquifer deposits increases with increasing pH as long as groundwater remains oxic. In the absence of the detailed geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic data collected as part of this study, pH-dependent sorption, evaluated as the Cr(VI) occurrence probability at the measured pH, is an effective indicator of natural or anthropogenic Cr(VI).

The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station is used to compress natural gas as it is transported through a pipeline from Texas to California. Between 1952 and 1964, cooling water containing Cr(VI) was discharged to unlined ponds and released into groundwater in unconsolidated aquifers. The extent of groundwater containing evidence of at least some anthropogenic Cr(VI) was 5.5 square miles (mi2) and was estimated using a summative scale incorporating geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic data collected from more than 100 wells between March 2015 and November 2017. The summative-scale Cr(VI) plume extent is larger than the 2.2 mi2 extent of the October–December 2015 (Q4 2015) regulatory Cr(VI) plume but is smaller than the 8.3 mi2 maximum mapped extent of Cr(VI) greater than the interim regulatory Cr(VI) background concentration of 3.1 micrograms per liter (μg/L). The summative-scale Cr(VI) plume is within felsic, low-chromium aquifer material deposited by the Mojave River described as Mojave-type deposits and is within the area covered by the PG&E monitoring well network.

Background Cr(VI) concentrations were calculated using the computer program ProUCL 5.1 as the upper 95-percent tolerance limit, UTL95, using data from wells outside the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume extent collected between April 2017 and March 2018. The overall UTL95 for undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the eastern and western subareas and the northern subarea upgradient of the Mount General fault in Hinkley Valley was 3.8 μg/L; this value is similar to the overall UTL95 value of 3.9 μg/L calculated for Mojave-type deposits in Hinkley and Water Valleys, and is similar to the maximum Cr(VI) concentration of older groundwater in contact with Mojave-type deposits of 3.6 μg/L.

In most cases the overall UTL95 value may be an acceptable Cr(VI) background value near the Cr(VI) plume margin; however, UTL95 values for the various subareas in Hinkley and Water Valleys provide greater resolution of Cr(VI) background that may be important for some purposes. The UTL95 values for undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the eastern, western, and northern subareas upgradient of the Mount General fault were 2.8, 3.8, and 4.8 μg/L, respectively. The UTL95 value of 2.8 μg/L for wells screened in undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the eastern subarea is important for plume management because the Hinkley compressor station and most of the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume are within the eastern subarea. A UTL95 value of 2.3 μg/L was calculated for Mojave-type deposits downgradient from the Hinkley compressor station. This value represents Cr(VI) concentrations that may have been present in that part of the aquifer had Cr(VI) not been released from the Hinkley compressor station, and it reflects coarser textured deposits in this area and the proximity of those deposits to recharge areas along the Mojave River that results in younger (post-1952), less alkaline groundwater than in wells farther downgradient. This value may be a suitable metric for Cr(VI) cleanup goals within the Cr(VI) plume after regulatory updates. A separate UTL95 value of 5.8 μg/L was calculated for mudflat/playa deposits and older groundwater near Mount General in the eastern subarea. The UTL95 values calculated for undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the northern subarea downgradient from the Mount General fault and in Water Valley, including lacustrine (lake) deposits and material eroded from basalt and Miocene deposits, were 9.0 and 6.4 μg/L, respectively.

Hexavalent chromium concentrations in more than 70 domestic wells sampled between January 27 and 31, 2016, ranged from less than the study reporting level of 0.1–4.0 μg/L, with a median concentration of 1.2 μg/L. Hexavalent chromium concentrations in water from domestic wells did not exceed UTL95 values within subareas where the wells were located. Water from 47 percent of domestic wells sampled between January 27 and 31, 2016, had arsenic, uranium, or nitrate concentrations above a maximum contaminant level.

Anthropogenic Cr(VI) within groundwater downgradient from the Hinkley compressor station is treated by PG&E using bioremediation by adding ethanol as a reductant within a volume of aquifer known as the in situ reactive zone (IRZ). Laboratory microcosm studies showed that Cr(VI) is rapidly reduced to Cr(III) with additions of ethanol. Reduced Cr(III) is sorbed and is sequestered into crystalline iron and manganese oxides on the surfaces of mineral grains within the microcosms during a period of several months. Trivalent chromium was reoxidized back to Cr(VI) within 2 weeks of return to oxic (oxygen present) conditions within the microcosms. As much as 10 percent of added Cr was oxidized to Cr(VI) in microcosms prepared using recent Mojave River aquifer material, and as much as 20 percent of added Cr was oxidized to Cr(VI) in microcosms prepared using older Mojave River aquifer material. Less Cr(VI) (less than 3 percent of Cr added before reduction) was released to the aqueous phase, and this release occurred following longer time periods of oxygen exposure. Sequestration of chromium with manganese oxides during reduction facilitates reoxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) under oxic conditions. Future maintenance of anoxic (oxygen absent) conditions would ensure continued sequestration of chromium as Cr(III) within IRZ treated portions of the Cr(VI) plume.

Although Cr(VI) within the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume may have an anthropogenic history associated with releases from the Hinkley compressor station, Cr(VI) concentrations less than the UTL95 values for the various subareas may not require regulatory attention. The regulatory Cr(VI) plume can be updated using the UTL95 values calculated as part of this study. The updated regulatory Cr(VI) plume extent would lie within the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume extent. The authority to establish regulatory Cr(VI) background values, clean-up goals, and future site management practices resides with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board.

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Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groover, Krishangi D. 0000-0002-5805-8913 kgroover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-8913","contributorId":5626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groover","given":"Krishangi","email":"kgroover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":870523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seymour, Whitney A. 0000-0002-5999-6573 wseymour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-6573","contributorId":4131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seymour","given":"Whitney","email":"wseymour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warden, John G. 0000-0003-1384-458X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-458X","contributorId":215846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. lgmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":304413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70242999,"text":"pp1885G - 2023 - Evaluation of natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242999,"text":"pp1885G - 2023 - Evaluation of natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium","indexId":"pp1885G","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Natural and Anthropogenic (Human-Made) Hexavalent Chromium","title":"Evaluation of natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T14:12:55.798813","indexId":"pp1885G","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:48:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"G","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Natural and Anthropogenic (Human-Made) Hexavalent Chromium","title":"Evaluation of natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium","docAbstract":"

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released between 1952 and 1964 from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station, in the Mojave Desert about 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. Geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic data from more than 100 wells collected between March 2015 and November 2017 were interpreted using a summative-scale analysis to define the extent of anthropogenic (human-made) Cr(VI) in groundwater. The summative scale consisted of eight questions requiring binary (yes or no) answers for each sampled well. The questions were intended to (1) provide a transparent framework for data interpretation in which all stakeholders participated; (2) provide unbiased interpretation of data traceable to numerical measurements; (3) provide a framework that enabled geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic data to be considered collectively; and (4) consolidate different types of data into a simple, easy-to-understand interpretation. When data from each well are scored using questions and metrics within the summative scale, all stakeholders would score each well the same way and would draw the same summative-scale Cr(VI) plume extent.

The areal extent of the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume was 5.5 square miles (mi2); this is larger than the 2.2-mi2 extent of the October–December 2015 (Q4 2015) regulatory Cr(VI) plume but smaller than the 8.3-mi2 maximum mapped extent of Cr(VI) greater than the interim regulatory Cr(VI) background value of 3.1 micrograms per liter (μg/L). The summative-scale Cr(VI) plume is within the area covered by the PG&E monitoring well network and lies within “Mojave-type” deposits composed of low-chromium stream and near-shore lake deposits sourced from the Mojave River. The summative-scale Cr(VI) plume included all shallow wells within the footprint of the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume, but summative-scale scores indicate that anthropogenic Cr(VI) was not present in several wells within the footprint of the regulatory Cr(VI) plume that were screened within the deep zone of the upper aquifer. The summative-scale Cr(VI) plume extent was consistent with mineralogic and geochemical data collected as part of this study that were not used within the summative-scale analysis.

Data from wells outside the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume collected for regulatory purposes from April 2017 through March 2018 were used to estimate Cr(VI) background concentrations as the upper 95-percent tolerance limit (UTL95) in different parts of Hinkley and Water Valleys. The UTL95 values were calculated using the computer program ProUCL 5.1 and are suitable for use by regulatory agencies in support of (1) updating the regulatory Cr(VI) plume extent and management of Cr(VI) near the plume margins, (2) establishing cleanup goals for Cr(VI) within the updated regulatory Cr(VI) plume, and (3) identifying unusual Cr(VI) concentrations outside the regulatory Cr(VI) plume. The nonparametric UTL95 values for wells screened in Mojave-type deposits in the eastern, western, and northern subareas of Hinkley Valley were 3.7, 3.9, and 4.0 μg/L, respectively. The normal UTL95 values for wells screened in undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the eastern and western subareas and the northern subarea upgradient from the Mount General fault were 2.8, 3.8, and 4.8 μg/L, respectively. An overall normal UTL95 value of 3.8 μg/L was calculated for undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in these areas. This value is similar to the overall nonparametric UTL95 value of 3.9 μg/L calculated for Mojave-type deposits and similar to the maximum Cr(VI) concentration of older groundwater in contact with Mojave-type deposits of 3.6 μg/L. The provenance of most PG&E monitoring wells is not precisely known, and the UTL95 values for wells screened in undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the different subareas may be more widely applicable for regulatory purposes than the UTL95 values for Mojave-type deposits.

The UTL95 value of 2.8 μg/L for wells screened in undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the eastern subarea is important for plume management because most of the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume is within the eastern subarea. A UTL95 value of 5.8 μg/L was calculated for older (pre-1952) groundwater associated with mudflat/playa deposits in the eastern subarea near Mount General. A UTL95 value of 2.3 μg/L was calculated for Mojave-type deposits within the Cr(VI) plume downgradient from the Hinkley compressor station after regulatory updates. This lower value is consistent with neutral to slightly alkaline, younger (post-1952) groundwater within coarse-textured, low-chromium Mojave-type deposits in this area and may be a suitable metric for Cr(VI) cleanup goals. The UTL95 value of 4.8 μg/L for wells screened in undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the northern subarea upgradient from the Mount General fault provides for possible increases in Cr(VI) concentrations if water levels continue to decline. Downgradient from the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume and the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume, UTL95 values of 9.0 and 6.4 μg/L were calculated for wells screened in undifferentiated, unconsolidated deposits in the northern subarea downgradient from the Mount General fault and for Water Valley, respectively, consistent with different geologic and geochemical conditions in these areas.

The UTL95 values calculated as part of this study provide scientifically defensible estimates of background Cr(VI) concentrations that differ with local geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic conditions in Hinkley and Water Valleys. The regulatory Cr(VI) plume extent can be updated on the basis of these values. The summative-scale Cr(VI) plume extent may contain wells having anthropogenic Cr(VI) concentrations less than the UTL95 values for their respective subareas that may not require regulatory attention, and an updated regulatory Cr(VI) plume extent may be less than the summative-scale Cr(VI) plume extent. The UTL95 values are not background Cr(VI) concentrations for regulatory purposes, and the authority to establish regulatory values resides solely with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885G","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., Warden, J.G., Groover, K.D., and Seymour, W.A., 2023, Evaluation of natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Chapter G of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-G, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885G.","productDescription":"Report: x, 51 p.; 2 Data Releases; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"51","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417465,"rank":10,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"},{"id":416337,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/g/tables/pp1885g_appendtable_g.2.2.csv","text":"Appendix table 2.2","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":416336,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/g/tables/pp1885g_appendtable_g.2.1.csv","text":"Appendix table 2.1","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":416335,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/g/tables/pp1885g_appendtable_g.1.1.csv","text":"Appendix table 1.1","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":416287,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/g/images"},{"id":416286,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/g/pp1885g.xml"},{"id":416285,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/g/pp1885g.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/g/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."},{"id":416282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ENBLGY","text":"Optical petrography, bulk chemistry, micro-scale mineralogy/chemistry, and bulk/micro-scale speciation of solid phases used in chromium sequestration and re-oxidation experiments with sand and sediment from Hinkley, California","description":"Foster, A.L., Wright, E.G., , Bobb, C., Choy, D., and Miller, L.G., 2023, Optical petrography, bulk chemistry, micro-scale mineralogy/chemistry, and bulk/micro-scale speciation of solid phases used in chromium sequestration and re-oxidation experiments with sand and sediment from Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ENBLGY."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warden, John G. 0000-0003-1384-458X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-458X","contributorId":215846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groover, Krishangi D. 0000-0002-5805-8913 kgroover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-8913","contributorId":5626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groover","given":"Krishangi","email":"kgroover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":870499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seymour, Whitney A. 0000-0002-5999-6573 wseymour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-6573","contributorId":4131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seymour","given":"Whitney","email":"wseymour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242998,"text":"pp1885F - 2023 - Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242998,"text":"pp1885F - 2023 - Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution","indexId":"pp1885F","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Environmental Tracers of Groundwater Source, Age, and Geochemical Evolution","title":"Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T14:09:53.151935","indexId":"pp1885F","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:48:30","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Environmental Tracers of Groundwater Source, Age, and Geochemical Evolution","title":"Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution","docAbstract":"

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was discharged in cooling wastewater to unlined surface ponds from 1952 to 1964 and reached the underlying unconsolidated aquifer at the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station in the Mojave Desert, 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. A suite of environmental tracers was analyzed in water samples collected from more than 100 wells to characterize the source, age, and geochemical evolution of groundwater within and near the Cr(VI) plume in Hinkley and Water Valleys. This information was used to help determine the extent of Cr(VI) associated with releases from the Hinkley compressor station and to identify Cr(VI) associated with natural sources.

The source of water in most wells, indicated by stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope values for water, delta oxygen-18 and delta deuterium, was recharge by infiltration of intermittent surface flows in the Mojave River. With the exception of small flows in 1958, the Mojave River was largely dry between 1952 and 1969. This dry period spans the period of Cr(VI) releases from the Hinkley compressor station; 1952–69 also spans the period of high tritium levels in precipitation resulting from the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and, as a consequence, tritium concentrations in groundwater in Hinkley Valley were comparatively low. Groundwater ages (time since recharge) increased downgradient from the Mojave River and with depth. Tritium, measured by helium ingrowth with a study reporting level of 0.05 tritium unit, was detected in water from 51 percent of wells, with detectable tritium as far as 7 miles downgradient from the Mojave River. Tritium concentrations were higher, and tritium/helium-3 groundwater ages younger, in water from wells near the Mojave River and in water from shallower wells downgradient. Agricultural pumping has decreased groundwater levels as much as 60 feet since 1952. As a result of this pumping, some groundwater containing tritium, and presumably anthropogenic Cr(VI), has been removed from the aquifer. The distribution of wells having carbon-14 activities near or greater than 100-percent modern carbon, consistent with post-1952 recharge water, was similar to the distribution of wells containing detectable tritium. Carbon-14 activities as low as 8.9-percent modern carbon, with carbon-14 ages (unadjusted for reactions with aquifer materials) of almost 20,000 years before present (ybp), were sampled in water from some deep wells. Hexavalent chromium concentrations in older groundwater were as high as 11 micrograms per liter but did not exceed 3.6 micrograms per liter in older water from wells completed in “Mojave-type” deposits (composed of felsic Mojave River stream and near-shore lake deposits sourced from the Mojave River); this value may represent an upper limit on Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater within Mojave-type deposits that likely approximates background Cr(VI) concentrations in the study area. Chlorofluorocarbons were released to the atmosphere and hydrologic cycle as a result of industrial activity beginning in the 1930s. Chlorofluorocarbon data were not generally suitable for groundwater-age dating in Hinkley and Water Valley because of nonatmospheric contributions from local sources.

Strontium-87/86 isotope ratios and stable chromium isotopes, delta chromium-53, provide information on the geochemical evolution of groundwater in the aquifer. Highly radiogenic strontium-87/86 ratios greater than 0.71000 were present in water from wells completed in coarse-textured Mojave-type deposits having low chromium concentrations but were not diagnostic of these materials. Nonradiogenic strontium-87/86 ratios less than 0.70950 were diagnostic of weathered materials in the northern subarea of Hinkley and in Water Valley that were eroded from Miocene (23–5 million ybp) deposits east of the study area. Values for delta chromium-53 ranged from near 0 to 2.8 parts per thousand (‰) difference. The extent of reductive fractionation, mixing with native groundwater, and longitudinal dispersion within the October–December 2015 (Q4 2015) regulatory Cr(VI) plume can be estimated on the basis of the delta chromium-53 isotope composition of groundwater within the plume. Reduction of Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium, Cr(III), can occur in the presence of natural reductants in oxic groundwater. Although not diagnostic of anthropogenic chromium at the concentrations of interest near the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume margin, delta chromium-53 data indicate anthropogenic Cr(VI) within the plume is not conservative and has reacted with aquifer materials; these reactions have removed some anthropogenic Cr(VI) from groundwater.

Environmental tracers, and the distribution of modern (post-1952) and premodern (pre-1952) groundwater, inform understanding of the extent of anthropogenic and naturally occurring Cr(VI) near the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume and the understanding of geochemical processes occurring in and near the margins of the Cr(VI) plume. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of water, tritium/helium-3 groundwater-age data, and carbon-14 data were used with mineralogy and chemistry data as part of a summative-scale analysis to determine the Cr(VI) plume extent later in this professional paper (chapter G).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Warden, J.G., Izbicki, J.A., Sültenfuß, J., Scheiderich, K., and Fitzpatrick, J., 2023, Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution, Chapter F of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-F, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885F.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 74 p.; 2 Data Releases; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416331,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/tables/pp1885f_appendtable_f.2.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix table 2.1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":416277,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":417464,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"},{"id":416275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."},{"id":416276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0","text":"Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California","description":"Morrison, J.M., Benzel, W.M., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Bala, S., 2018, Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0."},{"id":416278,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/pp1885f.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416279,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/pp1885f.xml"},{"id":416280,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/images"},{"id":416330,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/tables/pp1885f_appendtable_f.1.1.csv","text":"Appendix table 1.1","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warden, John G. 0000-0003-1384-458X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-458X","contributorId":215846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sultenfuss, Jurgen","contributorId":221328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sultenfuss","given":"Jurgen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40351,"text":"University of Bremen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":870494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheiderich, Kathleen 0000-0002-3756-8324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-8324","contributorId":221339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheiderich","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, John 0000-0001-6738-7180 jfitzpat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6738-7180","contributorId":146829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"John","email":"jfitzpat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242997,"text":"pp1885E - 2023 - Groundwater chemistry and hexavalent chromium","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242997,"text":"pp1885E - 2023 - Groundwater chemistry and hexavalent chromium","indexId":"pp1885E","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Groundwater Chemistry and Hexavalent Chromium","title":"Groundwater chemistry and hexavalent chromium"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-01T20:33:39.486207","indexId":"pp1885E","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:48:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Groundwater Chemistry and Hexavalent Chromium","title":"Groundwater chemistry and hexavalent chromium","docAbstract":"

Water samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from more than 100 wells between March 2015 and November 2017 in Hinkley and Water Valleys, in the Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California, were analyzed for field parameters, major ions, nutrients, and selected trace elements, including hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI). Water from most wells was alkaline and oxic. The pH ranged from 6.9 in water-table wells near recharge areas along the Mojave River to 9.4 in deeper wells farther downgradient in the northern subarea.

Hexavalent chromium concentrations measured by ion chromatography using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 218.6 and a version of that method used for detection of Cr(VI) concentrations as low as 0.06 micrograms per liter (μg/L), produced results comparable to field speciation with subsequent analyses by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (coefficient of determination, R2, of 0.97). Hexavalent chromium concentrations ranged from less than the study reporting level of 0.10 to 2,500 μg/L. The highest concentrations were within the October–December 2015 (Q4 2015) regulatory Cr(VI) plume downgradient from the Hinkley compressor station. Hexavalent chromium concentrations outside the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume were as high as 11 μg/L. Hexavalent chromium concentrations in water from most wells were distributed in a narrow redox potential and pH band within the overlapping chromate ion, CrO42−(aqueous), and manganese-3, Mn(III)(solid), stability fields. The redox potential of water from some wells completed in carbonate-rich mudflat/playa deposits approached the more oxic manganese-4, Mn(IV)(solid), stability field. However, Cr(VI) concentrations in porewater pressure-extracted from Mn(IV)-containing deposits in the eastern subarea did not exceed 3.3 μg/L, and porewater does not appear to be a source of Cr(VI) concentrations greater than this concentration in water from wells in the eastern subarea.

On the basis of comparison with California-wide data, Cr(VI) concentrations at the measured pH were higher than expected for uncontaminated water from wells (1) within the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume, (2) within the eastern subarea nominally crossgradient from the Hinkley compressor station and upgradient from the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume, and (3) from shallow wells in the northern subarea downgradient from the leading edge of the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume. Hexavalent chromium concentrations in alkaline water from wells in the northern subarea of Hinkley Valley and in Water Valley were within ranges expected for uncontaminated water elsewhere in California given their pH and trace-element composition. Hexavalent chromium concentrations were higher than expected on the basis of selected trace-element concentrations that co-occur with Cr(VI) in water from wells within the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume and from wells in the eastern and northern subareas near the plume margins. Hexavalent chromium concentrations did not exceed 4 μg/L in water from domestic wells sampled in Hinkley and Water Valleys and were generally within ranges expected for uncontaminated groundwater given their pH and trace-element composition.

Interpretations derived from Cr(VI) and pH, and from Cr(VI) and selected trace-element concentrations collected between March 2015 and November 2017 were used within a summative-scale analysis to determine the Cr(VI) plume extent (chapter G). However, Cr(VI) background concentrations (chapter G) were calculated from regulatory data collected from selected wells between April 2017 and January 2018.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., McCleskey, R.B., Burton, C.A., Clark, D.A., and Smith, G.A., 2023, Groundwater chemistry and hexavalent chromium, Chapter E of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-E, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885E.","productDescription":"Report: x, 63 p.; Data Release; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"63","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417463,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"},{"id":416329,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/e/tables/pp1885e_appendtable_e.1.3.xlsx","text":"Appendix table 1.3"},{"id":416328,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/e/tables/pp1885e_appendtable_e.1.2.xlsx","text":"Appendix table 1.2"},{"id":416327,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/e/tables/pp1885e_appendtable_e.1.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix table 1.1"},{"id":416273,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/e/images"},{"id":416272,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/e/pp1885e.xml"},{"id":416271,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/e/pp1885e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/e/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833 caburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen","email":"caburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Dennis A. daclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Dennis","email":"daclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":870490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":870491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242996,"text":"pp1885D - 2023 - Analyses of regulatory water-quality data","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242996,"text":"pp1885D - 2023 - Analyses of regulatory water-quality data","indexId":"pp1885D","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Analyses of Regulatory Water-Quality Data","title":"Analyses of regulatory water-quality data"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T13:59:08.063538","indexId":"pp1885D","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:47:47","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Analyses of Regulatory Water-Quality Data","title":"Analyses of regulatory water-quality data","docAbstract":"

Between 1952 and 1964, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released into groundwater from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station in the Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. The Pacific Gas and Electric Company has monitored groundwater near Hinkley, California, for Cr(VI) and other constituents since the late 1980s. By June 2017, more than 20,000 samples had been collected and analyzed for Cr(VI) for regulatory purposes. Most Cr(VI) samples were analyzed using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 218.6 with a laboratory reporting level (LRL) of 0.2 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Between July 2012 and June 2017, selected samples were analyzed for low-level Cr(VI) concentrations using a modified version of EPA Method 218.6 with an LRL of 0.06 μg/L. Field-blank data and duplicate samples collected during this period indicate a study reporting level (SRL) of 0.2 μg/L for most analyses and a SRL of 0.12 μg/L for low-level Cr(VI) analyses. The overall precision for Cr(VI) data analyzed by both methods at the interim regulatory Cr(VI) background concentration of 3.1 μg/L was 0.09 μg/L, or about 3 percent.

Hexavalent chromium concentration trends were calculated for 564 monitoring wells for the period from July 2012 through June 2017. Upward Cr(VI) concentration trends were present in water from 102 monitoring wells throughout Hinkley and Water Valleys. Upward Cr(VI) concentration trends in water from wells near the margins of the October–December 2015 (Q4 2015) regulatory Cr(VI) plume (1) within strands of the Lockhart fault east and southeast of the Hinkley compressor station and (2) in water from shallow wells within the northern subarea were consistent with expansion of the Cr(VI) plume in these areas between 2012 and 2017. Upward Cr(VI) concentration trends were widely distributed elsewhere in Hinkley and Water Valleys outside the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume and were commonly associated with declining water levels. These upward trends may result from natural Cr(VI) sources, including movement of Cr(VI) containing groundwater from (1) weathered bedrock, (2) fine-textured deposits, or (3) secondarily oxidized material distributed throughout aquifer deposits. Downward Cr(VI) concentration trends were observed in 146 monitoring wells. Downward trends were largely within the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume and can be attributed to remediation activities downgradient from the Hinkley compressor station. Hexavalent chromium concentration trends also were calculated for 219 domestic wells from July 2012 through June 2017. Upward Cr(VI) concentration trends in 8 domestic wells and downward trends in 23 domestic wells were clustered largely within former residential areas west of the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume. Results of Cr(VI) trend analyses (including upward, downward, and no trend) were used with other data as part of a summative-scale analysis (chapter G) to define the extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI) and natural Cr(VI) within Hinkley and Water Valleys.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., and Seymour, W.A., 2023, Analyses of regulatory water-quality data, Chapter D of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-D, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885D.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 28 p.; 6 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"28","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417462,"rank":11,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"},{"id":416326,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.6.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.6"},{"id":416325,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.5.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.5"},{"id":416323,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.3.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.3"},{"id":416322,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.2.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.2"},{"id":416321,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.1"},{"id":416262,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/pp1885d.xml"},{"id":416261,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/pp1885d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416260,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416324,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.4.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.4"},{"id":416263,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seymour, Whitney A. 0000-0002-5999-6573 wseymour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-6573","contributorId":4131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seymour","given":"Whitney","email":"wseymour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242995,"text":"pp1885C - 2023 - Chromium in minerals and selected aquifer materials","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242995,"text":"pp1885C - 2023 - Chromium in minerals and selected aquifer materials","indexId":"pp1885C","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","displayTitle":"Chromium in Minerals and Selected Aquifer Materials","title":"Chromium in minerals and selected aquifer materials"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T13:56:56.199603","indexId":"pp1885C","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:47:24","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"C","displayTitle":"Chromium in Minerals and Selected Aquifer Materials","title":"Chromium in minerals and selected aquifer materials","docAbstract":"

Between 1952 and 1964, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released into groundwater from a Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) compressor station in Hinkley, California, in the western Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. In 2015, the extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater in Hinkley and Water Valleys was uncertain, but some Cr(VI) in groundwater may be naturally occurring from rock and aquifer material.

To evaluate potential sources of natural Cr(VI), chromium and other selected trace-element concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with multi-acid digestion, on 34 samples of surficial alluvium and core material from Hinkley and Water Valleys, California, and on 2 samples of alluvium from the mafic Sheep Creek fan to the southwest. Chromium concentrations in Hinkley and Water Valleys ranged from 2 to 110 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), with a median concentration of 14 mg/kg; concentrations were highest in weathered mafic hornblende diorite associated with Iron Mountain. High chromium concentrations also were present within fine-textured materials and visually abundant iron- and manganese-oxide coatings on the surfaces of mineral grains. For comparison, chromium concentrations as high as 170 mg/kg were measured in mafic alluvium from the Sheep Creek fan. In contrast, chromium concentrations were lowest in Mojave-type deposits (Mojave River stream and lake margin deposits), with a median of 6 mg/kg. Chromium concentrations measured by ICP-MS compared favorably with concentrations measured by portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF; chapter B), on the basis of least-squares regression results and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.97.

Minerals in bulk samples and the heavy (dense) mineral fractions isolated from those samples were identified using optical techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quartz and feldspar were the most abundant minerals, especially within recent and older Mojave River deposits. Chromium concentrations were as high as 1,250 mg/kg in the heavy-mineral fraction, with specific gravity greater than 3.32. Chromium was not commonly detected in the light-mineral fraction, with specific gravity less than 2.85. Most chromium within the heavy-mineral fraction was substituted within magnetite mineral grains less than 100 micrometers (μm) in diameter, and almost no chromite was present within the heavy-mineral fraction. Although magnetite is resistive to weathering, weathering of magnetite to hematite was identified (1) in Miocene materials underlying unconsolidated deposits in the western subarea of Hinkley Valley and (2) in alluvium within Water Valley that contains weathered minerals eroded from Miocene rock. Less-dense, more easily weathered chromium-containing amphiboles, such as actinolite in older Mojave River alluvium and hornblende in locally derived alluvium from Iron Mountain, were identified optically. Magnetite was not identified in weathered hornblende diorite and was less abundant in locally derived materials and in Miocene materials than in Mojave-type deposits. A comparison of ICP-MS data and sequential extraction data shows that approximately 90 percent of chromium in aquifer material within Hinkley and Water Valleys was not extractable and was interpreted to reside within unweathered mineral grains. Most extractable chromium was within the strong acid extractable fraction. Chromium within the weakly sorbed, and specifically sorbed extractable fractions in oxide accumulations within the regulatory Cr(VI) plume is potentially mobile into groundwater with changes in ionic strength or pH.

Although Hinkley and Water Valleys are regionally low in chromium, natural geologic sources of chromium may be present in aquifer materials penetrated by wells completed in (1) weathered hornblende diorite bedrock underlying the western subarea; (2) Miocene deposits underlying the western subarea and unconsolidated material in the northern subarea and Water Valley containing basalt or weathered minerals eroded from Miocene deposits; (3) unconsolidated material containing visually abundant iron- and manganese-oxide coatings on the surfaces of mineral grains that are present near the water table and near lithologic or geologic contacts; and (4) brown clay and mudflat/playa deposits in the northern subarea. Brown clay and mudflat/playa deposits in the eastern subarea near Mount General have a low-chromium, felsic mineralogy similar to Mojave River deposits and do not contain high concentrations of chromium; however, manganese(IV) oxides within these materials may facilitate oxidation of trivalent chromium, Cr(III), to Cr(VI).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Groover, K.D., Izbicki, J.A., Benzel, W., Morrison, J., and Foster, A.L., 2023, Chromium in minerals and selected aquifer materials, Chapter C of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-C, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885C.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 49 p.; 3 Data Releases; Appendix","numberOfPages":"49","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416255,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0","text":"Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California","description":"Morrison, J.M., Benzel, W.M., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Bala, S., 2018, Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0."},{"id":416254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."},{"id":416257,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/pp1885c.pdf","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416256,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ENBLGY.","text":"Optical petrography, bulk chemistry, micro-scale mineralogy/chemistry, and bulk/micro-scale speciation of solid phases used in chromium sequestration and re-oxidation experiments with sand and sediment from Hinkley, California","description":"Foster, A.L., Wright, E.G., , Bobb, C., Choy, D., and Miller, L.G., 2023, Optical petrography, bulk chemistry, micro-scale mineralogy/chemistry, and bulk/micro-scale speciation of solid phases used in chromium sequestration and re-oxidation experiments with sand and sediment from Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ENBLGY."},{"id":416258,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/pp1885c.xml"},{"id":416259,"rank":7,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/images"},{"id":416320,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/tables/pp1885c_appendtable_c.1.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table C.1.1","size":"100 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":417460,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groover, Krishangi D. 0000-0002-5805-8913 kgroover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-8913","contributorId":5626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groover","given":"Krishangi","email":"kgroover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":870482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benzel, William 0000-0002-4085-1876 wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrison, Jean M. 0000-0002-6614-8783 jmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-8783","contributorId":994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jean","email":"jmorrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, Andrea L. 0000-0003-1362-0068 afoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":1740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Andrea","email":"afoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242994,"text":"pp1885B - 2023 - Survey of chromium and selected element concentrations in rock, alluvium, and core material","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242994,"text":"pp1885B - 2023 - Survey of chromium and selected element concentrations in rock, alluvium, and core material","indexId":"pp1885B","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","displayTitle":"Survey of Chromium and Selected Element Concentrations in Rock, Alluvium, and Core Material","title":"Survey of chromium and selected element concentrations in rock, alluvium, and core material"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T13:53:13.047532","indexId":"pp1885B","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:46:27","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"B","displayTitle":"Survey of Chromium and Selected Element Concentrations in Rock, Alluvium, and Core Material","title":"Survey of chromium and selected element concentrations in rock, alluvium, and core material","docAbstract":"

Between 1952 and 1964, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released into groundwater from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) compressor station in Hinkley, California, in the western Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. In 2015, the extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater in Hinkley and Water Valleys was uncertain, and some Cr(VI) in groundwater may be naturally occurring from rock and aquifer material.

On the basis of more than 1,500 portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) measurements on more than 250 samples of rock, surficial alluvium, and core material from selected wells in Hinkley and Water Valleys, chromium concentrations are commonly low compared to the average bulk continental abundance of 185 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). However, chromium concentrations are as high as 530 mg/kg in mafic hornblende diorite that crops out along the western margin of Hinkley Valley in Iron Mountain. Other chromium-containing rocks in the area are either (1) not consistently high in chromium, (2) have limited areal extent, or (3) in the case of basalt, are present only in Water Valley.

Chromium concentrations in core material adjacent to the screened intervals of wells sampled for water chemistry and isotopic composition as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Cr(VI) background study ranged from less than the study reporting level (SRL) of 5 mg/kg to 410 mg/kg, with a median concentration of 23 mg/kg. Chromium concentrations in core material were lower in the eastern subarea and higher in the western and the northern subareas of Hinkley Valley and in Water Valley. The highest chromium concentration in core material was in weathered hornblende diorite bedrock. Chromium concentrations in core material adjacent to the screened interval of sampled wells were log-normally distributed below a threshold of 85 mg/kg, and 3 percent of chromium concentrations were greater than 85 mg/kg. Manganese can oxidize trivalent chromium, Cr(III), to Cr(VI). Similar to chromium, manganese concentrations in core material also were log-normally distributed below a threshold of 970 mg/kg, and 5 percent of manganese concentrations were greater than 970 mg/kg. Both chromium and manganese concentrations were higher in fine-textured core material and in visually abundant iron- and manganese-oxide coatings on the surfaces of mineral grains. High concentrations of chromium and manganese in core material commonly co-occurred. Fine-textured core material, chromium concentrations greater than 85 mg/kg, and manganese concentrations greater than 970 mg/kg in core material adjacent to the screened interval of sampled wells were selected for use as metrics (threshold values) within a summative-scale analysis (SSA) developed to identify natural and anthropogenic Cr(VI) in water from wells later within this professional paper (chapter G).

Principal component analysis (PCA) of 18 elements within surficial alluvium, rock, and core material measured using pXRF shows distinct elemental assemblages associated with (1) older and more recent “Mojave-type” deposits, including alluvium and lake-margin (beach) deposits sourced from the Mojave River, (2) alluvium eroded from mafic rock, including hornblende diorite that crops out on Iron Mountain, (3) alluvium eroded from felsic volcanic and hydrothermal rock that crops out on Mount General along the eastern margin of Hinkley Valley, (4) playa/mudflat and other fine-textured deposits, and (5) material with visually abundant iron- and manganese-oxide coatings. Most wells sampled as part of this study were completed in Mojave-type deposits. Portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence data measured on core material from those wells do not appear to be different or unusual compared to the magnitude and range of data from the larger Mojave River groundwater basin, and the core material has a low-chromium, felsic composition consistent with a Mojave River origin. In general, the elemental composition of core material from wells was not measurably altered by admixtures with local mafic, felsic volcanic, or hydrothermal source materials; although, where present, admixtures with basalt may contribute chromium to core material.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., and Groover, K.D., 2023, Survey of chromium and selected element concentrations in rock, alluvium, and core material, Chapter B of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-B, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885B.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 37 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416250,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."},{"id":416249,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/images"},{"id":416248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/b/pp1885b.xml"},{"id":416247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/b/pp1885b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416251,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0","text":"Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California","description":"Morrison, J.M., Benzel, W.M., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Bala, S., 2018, Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0."},{"id":417461,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groover, Krishangi D. 0000-0002-5805-8913 kgroover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-8913","contributorId":5626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groover","given":"Krishangi","email":"kgroover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":870479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247426,"text":"70247426 - 2023 - Unzipping supercontinent Pangea: Geologic, potential field data, and buried structures, and a case for sequential Atlantic opening","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-07T12:17:52.956993","indexId":"70247426","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T07:14:24","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unzipping supercontinent Pangea: Geologic, potential field data, and buried structures, and a case for sequential Atlantic opening","docAbstract":"

Amalgamation of Pangea culminated with zippered N-to-S closing of the Theic ocean during the Alleghanian orogeny. Transpressional-rotational collision produced widespread dextral faulting throughout the eastern Appalachian hinterland, and thrust faulting in the western hinterland and foreland. The partially buried southern Appalachian Eastern Piedmont fault system is a product of late Paleozoic transpressional dextral faulting. Eastern Piedmont fault system faults are cut by two 200–190 Ma Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) diabase dike sets (∼NW and N\"singleS), which postdate initial rifting, producing the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic basins. Sinistral reactivation of suitably oriented Paleozoic faults (e.g., Towaliga) that offset Jurassic dikes implies faulting is coeval with CAMP dike emplacement, or occurred very soon after 200–190 Ma dike emplacement. A large NE-striking sinistral fault (Estill fault) offsets magnetic and gravity highs in the Brunswick (Charleston) terrane in South Carolina and Georgia. This fault is at least 185 km long, with ca. 75–80 km maximum of sinistral separation. The Estill fault geometry agrees with the stress field associated with Central Atlantic Magmatic Province dike emplacement. We conclude that movement along the Estill and other sinistral faults represents Early Jurassic displacement that is well documented in eastern North America prior to Atlantic opening. The early Mesozoic post-failed rifting (basin formation) preceded dike emplacement and pre-spreading sinistral faulting. We recognize four stages in the Late Triassic–Jurassic tectonics and kinematics of eastern North America based on field, crosscutting relationships, and available geophysical data: (1) initial W-to-E failed transtensional rifting with formation of the S-to-N-younging Triassic-Jurassic basins; (2) CAMP diabase dikes intruded 200–190 Ma; (3) sinistral movement of large blocks of crust in the North Atlantic region including southeastern North America; and (4) spreading and opening of the Atlantic Ocean 195–170 Ma. These stages mark the reversal of Alleghanian rotational dextral transpressional (zippered) collision forming Pangea supercontinent and ‘unzipping’ the supercontinent prior to Atlantic opening.

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