{"pageNumber":"270","pageRowStart":"6725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70028328,"text":"70028328 - 2006 - Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:58:10","indexId":"70028328","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"

Computational limitations and sparse field data often mandate use of continuum representation for modeling hydrologic processes in large‐scale fractured aquifers. Selecting appropriate element size is of primary importance because continuum approximation is not valid for all scales. The traditional approach is to select elements by identifying a single representative elementary scale (RES) for the region of interest. Recent advances indicate RES may be spatially variable, prompting unanswered questions regarding the ability of sparse data to spatially resolve continuum equivalents in fractured aquifers. We address this uncertainty of estimating RES using two techniques. In one technique we employ data‐conditioned realizations generated by sequential Gaussian simulation. For the other we develop a new approach using conditioned random walks and nonparametric bootstrapping (CRWN). We evaluate the effectiveness of each method under three fracture densities, three data sets, and two groups of RES analysis parameters. In sum, 18 separate RES analyses are evaluated, which indicate RES magnitudes may be reasonably bounded using uncertainty analysis, even for limited data sets and complex fracture structure. In addition, we conduct a field study to estimate RES magnitudes and resulting uncertainty for Turkey Creek Basin, a crystalline fractured rock aquifer located 30 km southwest of Denver, Colorado. Analyses indicate RES does not correlate to rock type or local relief in several instances but is generally lower within incised creek valleys and higher along mountain fronts. Results of this study suggest that (1) CRWN is an effective and computationally efficient method to estimate uncertainty, (2) RES predictions are well constrained using uncertainty analysis, and (3) for aquifers such as Turkey Creek Basin, spatial variability of RES is significant and complex.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004431","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., and Poeter, E.P., 2006, Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08410; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004431.","productDescription":"Article W08410; 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c03e4b0c8380cd529ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan P.","contributorId":56500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028326,"text":"70028326 - 2006 - Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:54:23","indexId":"70028326","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach","docAbstract":"

We used the dual isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N and δ18O) within the estuarine system of San Francisco (SF) Bay, California, to explore the utility of this approach for tracing sources and cycling of nitrate (NO2−). Surface water samples from 49 sites within the estuary were sampled during July–August 2004. Spatial variability in the isotopic composition suggests that there are multiple sources of nitrate to the bay ecosystem including seawater, several rivers and creeks, and sewage effluent. The spatial distribution of nitrate from these sources is heavily modulated by the hydrodynamics of the estuary. Mixing along the estuarine salinity gradient is the main control on the spatial variations in isotopic composition of nitrate within the northern arm of SF Bay. However, the nitrate isotopic composition in the southern arm of SF Bay exhibited a combination of source mixing and phytoplankton drawdown due mostly to the long residence time during the summer study period. Very low δ18ONO3 values (as low as −5.0%) at the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta region give rise to a wide range of δ18ONO3 values in the SF Bay system. The range in δ18ONO3 values is more than twice that of δ15NNO3, suggesting that δ18ONO3 is an even more sensitive tool for tracing nitrate sources and cycling than δ15NNO3.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1654 ","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Francis, C., and Paytan, A., 2006, Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1654-1664, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1654 .","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1654","endPage":"1664","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66f4e4b0c8380cd730c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Francis, C.A.","contributorId":92859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028325,"text":"70028325 - 2006 - Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:54:09","indexId":"70028325","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers","docAbstract":"

Multiphase, multicomponent numerical models of long-term unsaturated-zone liquid and vapor movement were created for a thick alluvial basin at the Nevada Test Site to predict present-day liquid and vapor fluxes. The numerical models are based on recently developed conceptual models of unsaturated-zone moisture movement in thick alluvium that explain present-day water potential and tracer profiles in terms of major climate and vegetation transitions that have occurred during the past 10 000 yr or more. The numerical models were calibrated using borehole hydrologic and environmental tracer data available from a low-level radioactive waste management site located in a former nuclear weapons testing area. The environmental tracer data used in the model calibration includes tracers that migrate in both the liquid and vapor phases (δD, δ18O) and tracers that migrate solely as dissolved solutes (Cl), thus enabling the estimation of some gas-phase as well as liquid-phase transport parameters. Parameter uncertainties and correlations identified during model calibration were used to generate parameter combinations for a set of Monte Carlo simulations to more fully characterize the uncertainty in liquid and vapor fluxes. The calculated background liquid and vapor fluxes decrease as the estimated time since the transition to the present-day arid climate increases. However, on the whole, the estimated fluxes display relatively little variability because correlations among parameters tend to create parameter sets for which changes in some parameters offset the effects of others in the set. Independent estimates on the timing since the climate transition established from packrat midden data were essential for constraining the model calibration results. The study demonstrates the utility of environmental tracer data in developing numerical models of liquid- and gas-phase moisture movement and the importance of considering parameter correlations when using Monte Carlo analysis to characterize the uncertainty in moisture fluxes.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2006.0021","usgsCitation":"Kwicklis, E.M., Wolfsberg, A.V., Stauffer, P.H., Walvoord, M.A., and Sully, M.J., 2006, Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 3, p. 934-950, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0021.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"934","endPage":"950","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a605ae4b0c8380cd713c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfsberg, Andrew V.","contributorId":22530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Philip H.","contributorId":69262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sully, Michael J.","contributorId":82911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sully","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16973,"text":"Neptune and Company Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028301,"text":"70028301 - 2006 - Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028301","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models","docAbstract":"This paper describes a data assimilation method that uses observations of snow covered area (SCA) to update hydrologic model states in a mountainous catchment in Colorado. The assimilation method uses SCA information as part of an ensemble Kalman filter to alter the sub-basin distribution of snow as well as the basin water balance. This method permits an optimal combination of model simulations and observations, as well as propagation of information across model states. Sensitivity experiments are conducted with a fairly simple snowpack/water-balance model to evaluate effects of the data assimilation scheme on simulations of streamflow. The assimilation of SCA information results in minor improvements in the accuracy of streamflow simulations near the end of the snowmelt season. The small effect from SCA assimilation is initially surprising. It can be explained both because a substantial portion of snowmelts before any bare ground is exposed, and because the transition from 100% to 0% snow coverage occurs fairly quickly. Both of these factors are basin-dependent. Satellite SCA information is expected to be most useful in basins where snow cover is ephemeral. The data assimilation strategy presented in this study improved the accuracy of the streamflow simulation, indicating that SCA is a useful source of independent information that can be used as part of an integrated data assimilation strategy. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Slater, A., Barrett, A., Hay, L., McCabe, G., Rajagopalan, B., and Leavesley, G., 2006, Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 8, p. 1209-1221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1221","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001"},{"id":237169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8ce4b0c8380cd49dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, A.G.","contributorId":100601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrett, A.P.","contributorId":18564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rajagopalan, B.","contributorId":86947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028262,"text":"70028262 - 2006 - The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:16:21","indexId":"70028262","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","docAbstract":"

Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national‐scale retrospective of self‐supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation of national occurrence, it encompasses large parts of the United States including at least some wells sampled in every state and Puerto Rico. Inorganic contaminants were detected in many of the wells, and concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs; federal drinking water standards used to regulate public drinking water quality) more often than organic contaminants. Of the inorganic constituents evaluated, arsenic concentrations exceeded the MCL (10 μg/L) in ∼11% of the 7580 wells evaluated, nitrate exceeded the MCL (10 mg/L) in ∼8% of the 3465 wells evaluated, uranium‐238 exceeded the MCL (30 μg/L) in ∼4% of the wells, and radon‐222 exceeded 300 and 4000 pCi/L (potential drinking water standards currently under review by the U.S. EPA) in ∼75% and 9% of the wells, respectively. The MCLs for total mercury and fluoride were each exceeded in <1% of the wells evaluated. The MCL was exceeded in <1% of all wells for all anthropogenically derived organic contaminants evaluated and was not exceeded for many contaminants. In addition, 10 contaminants evaluated do not currently have an MCL. Atrazine, however, was detected in 24% of the wells evaluated and was the most frequently detected organic contaminant of the 28 organic contaminants evaluated in this study. Simazine and metolachlor each were detected in ∼9% of all wells and tied for second in frequency of detection for organic contaminants. The third and fourth most frequently detected organic contaminants were methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) (6%) and chloroform (5%), respectively. Because the water quality of domestic wells is not federally regulated or nationally monitored, this study provides a unique, previously nonexistent, perspective on the quality of the self‐supplied drinking water resources used by ∼45 million Americans in the United States.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M.J., Tipton, D., Shapiro, S.D., and Geiger, L.H., 2006, The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 3, p. 92-104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x"},{"id":237136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2ce4b08c986b322744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tipton, D.","contributorId":58453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle","contributorId":82738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"Dunkle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiger, Linda H.","contributorId":91113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035442,"text":"70035442 - 2006 - Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035442","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana","docAbstract":"The Spring Mill Lake watershed is located in the Mitchell Plateau, a karst area that developed on Mississippian carbonates in southern Indiana. Spring Mill Lake is a reservoir built in the late 1930s and is located in Spring Mill State Park. Within the park, groundwater from subsurface conduits issues as natural springs and then flows in surface streams to the lake. From 1998 to 2002, surface and subsurface hydrology and water quality were investigated to determine the types and sources of potential contaminants entering the lake. Water samples collected during base flow and a February 2000 storm event were analyzed for selected cations, anions, trace elements, selected U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primary and secondary drinkingwater contaminants, nitrogen isotopes, suspended solids, Escherichia coli, and pesticides. All of the water samples met the EPA drinking-water standards for inorganic constituents, except those collected at five sites in August 1999 during a drought. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations were highest during base-flow conditions and displayed a dilutional trend during peak-flow periods. The NO3-N concentrations in water samples collected during the 2001 spring fertilizer applications tended to increase from early to late spring. All of the ??15N values were low, which is indicative of either an inorganic source or soil organic matter. Storm discharge contained increased concentrations of total suspended solids; thus, storms are responsible for most of the sediment accumulation in the lake. E. coli levels in 24% of the samples analyzed contained a most probable number (MPN) greater than 235/100 mL, which is the maximum acceptable level set for recreational waters in Indiana. E. coli does appear to be a potential health risk, particularly at Rubble spring. The sources of E. coli found at this spring may include barnyard runoff from a horse barn or wastes from a wastewater treatment facility. The pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine were detected during the spring of 2001. Atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine are used to suppress weeds during corn and soybean production. Additional sources of atrazine and simazine may result from application to right-of-ways, orchards, and managed forest areas. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2404(13)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Hasenmueller, N., Buehler, M., Krothe, N., Comer, J., Branam, T., Ennis, M., Smith, R., Zamani, D., Hahn, L., and Rybarczyk, J., 2006, Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 404, p. 153-167, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(13).","startPage":"153","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(13)"},{"id":243277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"404","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcdd5e4b08c986b32e0f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasenmueller, N.R.","contributorId":89950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buehler, M.A.","contributorId":43588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buehler","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krothe, N.C.","contributorId":76378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krothe","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Comer, J.B.","contributorId":34185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Branam, T.D.","contributorId":52332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branam","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ennis, M.V.","contributorId":100125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennis","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R.T.","contributorId":37558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zamani, D.D.","contributorId":22127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamani","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hahn, L.","contributorId":81327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rybarczyk, J.P.","contributorId":52006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybarczyk","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028261,"text":"70028261 - 2006 - Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028261","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment","docAbstract":"We developed a process-based model to predict the probability of arsenic exceeding 5 ??g/L in drinking water wells in New England bedrock aquifers. The model is being used for exposure assessment in an epidemiologic study of bladder cancer. One important study hypothesis that may explain increased bladder cancer risk is elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic in drinking water. In eastern New England, 20-30% of private wells exceed the arsenic drinking water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Our predictive model significantly improves the understanding of factors associated with arsenic contamination in New England. Specific rock types, high arsenic concentrations in stream sediments, geochemical factors related to areas of Pleistocene marine inundation and proximity to intrusive granitic plutons, and hydrologic and landscape variables relating to groundwater residence time increase the probability of arsenic occurrence in groundwater. Previous studies suggest that arsenic in bedrock groundwater may be partly from past arsenical pesticide use. Variables representing historic agricultural inputs do not improve the model, indicating that this source does not significantly contribute to current arsenic concentrations. Due to the complexity of the fractured bedrock aquifers in the region, well depth and related variables also are not significant predictors. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es051972f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Nolan, B.T., Nuckols, J., Cantor, K., Robinson, G., Baris, D., Hayes, L., Karagas, M., Bress, W., Silverman, D., and Lubin, J., 2006, Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 11, p. 3578-3585, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051972f.","startPage":"3578","endPage":"3585","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051972f"},{"id":237135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4de4b0c8380cd6fba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nuckols, J.R.","contributorId":85385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuckols","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cantor, K.P.","contributorId":11401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantor","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baris, D.","contributorId":68092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baris","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hayes, L.","contributorId":98938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karagas, M.","contributorId":30428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karagas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bress, W.","contributorId":100179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bress","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Silverman, D.T.","contributorId":104275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lubin, J.H.","contributorId":14184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubin","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028148,"text":"70028148 - 2006 - Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T07:49:40","indexId":"70028148","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber","docAbstract":"

This paper presents the design of a dynamic chamber system that allows full transmission of PAR and UV radiation and permits enclosed intact foliage to maintain normal physiological function while Hg(0) flux rates are quantified in the field. Black spruce and jack pine foliage both emitted and absorbed Hg(0), exhibiting compensation points near atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations of ∼2−3 ng m-3. Using enriched stable Hg isotope spikes, patterns of spike Hg(II) retention on foliage were investigated. Hg(0) evasion rates from foliage were simultaneously measured using the chamber to determine if the decline of foliar spike Hg(II) concentrations over time could be explained by the photoreduction and re-emission of spike Hg to the atmosphere. This mass balance approach suggested that spike Hg(0) fluxes alone could not account for the measured decrease in spike Hg(II) on foliage following application, implying that either the chamber underestimates the true photoreduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) on foliage, or other mechanisms of Hg(II) loss from foliage, such as cuticle weathering, are in effect. The radiation spectrum responsible for the photoreduction of newly deposited Hg(II) on foliage was also investigated. Our spike experiments suggest that some of the Hg(II) in wet deposition retained by the forest canopy may be rapidly photoreduced to Hg(0) and re-emitted back to the atmosphere, while another portion may be retained by foliage at the end of the growing season, with some being deposited in litterfall. This finding has implications for the estimation of Hg dry deposition based on throughfall and litterfall fluxes.


","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0604616","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Graydon, J., , L., Lindberg, S., Hintelmann, H., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2006, Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 15, p. 4680-4688, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0604616.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4680","endPage":"4688","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0604616"}],"volume":"40","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e90e4b0c8380cd63e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graydon, J.A.","contributorId":7902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graydon","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":" Louis","contributorId":71353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindberg, S.E.","contributorId":87354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035443,"text":"70035443 - 2006 - Geology of the Yucca Mountain region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035443","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Yucca Mountain region","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain has been proposed as the site for the nation's first geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. This chapter provides the geologic framework for the Yucca Mountain region. The regional geologic units range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, and these are described briefly. Yucca Mountain is composed dominantly of pyroclastic units that range in age from 11.4 to 15.2 Ma. The proposed repository would be constructed within the Topopah Spring Tuff, which is the lower of two major zoned and welded ash-flow tuffs within the Paintbrush Group. The two welded tuffs are separated by the partly to nonwelded Pah Canyon Tuff and Yucca Mountain Tuff, which together figure prominently in the hydrology of the unsaturated zone. The Quaternary deposits are primarily alluvial sediments with minor basaltic cinder cones and flows. Both have been studied extensively because of their importance in predicting the long-term performance of the proposed repository. Basaltic volcanism began ca. 10 Ma and continued as recently as ca. 80 ka with the eruption of cones and flows at Lathrop Wells, ???10 km south-southwest of Yucca Mountain. Geologic structure in the Yucca Mountain region is complex. During the latest Paleozoic and Mesozoic, strong compressional forces caused tight folding and thrust faulting. The present regional setting is one of extension, and normal faulting has been active from the Miocene through to the present. There are three major local tectonic domains: (1) Basin and Range, (2) Walker Lane, and (3) Inyo-Mono. Each domain has an effect on the stability of Yucca Mountain. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(02)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and O’Leary, D.W., 2006, Geology of the Yucca Mountain region: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 9-50, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(02).","startPage":"9","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(02)"},{"id":243308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26d4e4b0c8380cd593ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028145,"text":"70028145 - 2006 - Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:59:39","indexId":"70028145","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","docAbstract":"

The effects of changes in acid deposition rates resulting from the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 should first appear in stream waters during rainstorms and snowmelt, when the surface of the watershed is most hydrologically connected to the stream. Early detection of improved stream water quality is possible if trends at high flow could be separately determined. Trends in concentrations of sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), calcium plus magnesium (Ca2++Mg2+), and acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) in Biscuit Brook, Catskill Mountains, New York, were assessed through segmented regression analysis (SRA). The method uses annual concentration‐to‐discharge relations to predict concentrations for specific discharges, then compares those annual values to determine trends at specific discharge levels. Median‐flow trends using SRA were comparable to those predicted by the seasonal Kendall tau test and a multiple regression residual analysis. All of these methods show that stream water SO42− concentrations have decreased significantly since 1983; Ca2++Mg2+ concentrations have decreased at a steady but slower rate than SO42−; and ANC shows no trend. The new SRA method, however, reveals trends that differ at specified flow levels. ANC has increased, and NO3−concentrations have decreased at high flows, but neither has changed as significantly at low flows. The general downward trend in SO42− flattened at median flow and reversed at high flow between 1997 and 2002. The reversal of the high‐flow SO42− trend is consistent with increases in SO42− concentrations in both precipitation and soil solutions at Biscuit Brook. Separate calculation of high‐flow trends provides resource managers with an early detection system for assessing changes in water quality resulting from changes in acidic deposition.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003892","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Shanley, J.B., 2006, Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08407; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003892.","productDescription":"Article W08407; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff7be4b0c8380cd4f1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028144,"text":"70028144 - 2006 - Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:07:32.735406","indexId":"70028144","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA","docAbstract":"

Septic systems serve approximately 25% of U.S. households and may be an important source of estrogenic and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWC) to groundwater. We monitored several estrogenic OWC, including nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol mono- and diethoxycarboxylates (NP1EC and NP2EC), the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and other OWC such as methylene blue active substances (MBAS), caffeine and its degradation product paraxanthine, and two fluorescent whitening agents in a residential septic system and in downgradient groundwater. E1 and E2 were present predominantly as free estrogens in groundwater, and near-source groundwater concentrations of all OWC were highest in the suboxic to anoxic portion of the wastewater plume, where concentrations of most OWC were similar to those observed in the septic tank on the same day. NP and NP2EC were up to 6- to 30-fold higher, and caffeine and paraxanthine were each 60-fold lower than septic tank concentrations, suggesting net production and removal, respectively, of these constituents. At the most shallow, oxic depth, concentrations of all OWC except for NP2EC were substantially lower than in the tank and in deeper wells. Yet boron, specific conductance, and the sum of nitrate-and ammonia-nitrogen were highest at this shallow depth, suggesting preferential losses of OWC along the more oxic flow lines. As far as 6.0 m downgradient, concentrations of many OWC were within a factor of 2 of near-source concentrations. The results suggest that there is the potential for migration of these OWC, which are unregulated and not routinely monitored, in groundwater.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es052595","usgsCitation":"Swartz, C., Reddy, S., Benotti, M., Yin, H., Barber, L.B., Brownawell, B., and Rudel, R., 2006, Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 16, p. 4894-4902, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052595.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4894","endPage":"4902","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachsetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.938720703125,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -69.6917724609375,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -69.6917724609375,\n 42.15525946577863\n ],\n [\n -70.938720703125,\n 42.15525946577863\n ],\n [\n -70.938720703125,\n 41.42625319507269\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9838e4b08c986b31bef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swartz, C.H.","contributorId":60837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swartz","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, S.","contributorId":74563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benotti, M.J.","contributorId":21750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benotti","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yin, H.","contributorId":27661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brownawell, Bruce J.","contributorId":108264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownawell","given":"Bruce J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudel, R.A.","contributorId":29625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028143,"text":"70028143 - 2006 - Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:17:23","indexId":"70028143","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"

Atmospheric concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and particulate Hg (pHg) concentrations were measured in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), U.S.A. using high resolution, real time atmospheric mercury analyzers (Tekran 2537A, 1130, and 1135). A survey of Hg0 concentrations at various locations within YNP showed that concentrations generally reflect global background concentrations of 1.5–2.0 ng m− 3, but a few specific locations associated with concentrated geothermal activity showed distinctly elevated Hg0 concentrations (about 9.0 ng m− 3). At the site of intensive study located centrally in YNP (Canyon Village), Hg0 concentrations did not exceed 2.5 ng m− 3; concentrations of RGM were generally below detection limits of 0.88 pg m− 3 and never exceeded 5 pg m− 3. Concentrations of pHg ranged from below detection limits to close to 30 pg m−3. RGM and pHg concentrations were not correlated with any criteria gases (SO2, NOx, O3); however pHg was weakly correlated with the concentration of atmospheric particles. We investigated three likely sources of Hg at the intensive monitoring site: numerous geothermal features scattered throughout YNP, re-suspended soils, and wildfires near or in YNP. We examined relationships between the chemical properties of aerosols (as measured using real time, single particle mass spectrometry; aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer; ATOFMS) and concentrations of atmospheric pHg. Based on the presence of particles with distinct chemical signatures of the wildfires, and the absence of signatures associated with the other sources, we concluded that wildfires in the park were the main source of aerosols and associated pHg to our sampling site.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hall, B., Olson, M., Rutter, A., Frontiera, R., Krabbenhoft, D., Gross, D., Yuen, M., Rudolph, T., and Schauer, J., 2006, Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park: Science of the Total Environment, v. 367, no. 1, p. 354-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007"},{"id":236841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"367","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec3e4b0c8380cd49f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, B.D.","contributorId":42408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutter, A.P.","contributorId":41200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutter","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frontiera, R.R.","contributorId":98525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frontiera","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, D.S.","contributorId":13028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yuen, M.","contributorId":90923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rudolph, T.M.","contributorId":13803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schauer, J.J.","contributorId":93262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schauer","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028118,"text":"70028118 - 2006 - Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028118","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns","docAbstract":"A mesoscale (21??m in flow distance) infiltration and seepage test was recently conducted in a deep, unsaturated fractured rock system at the crossover point of two underground tunnels. Water was released from a 3??m ?? 4??m infiltration plot on the floor of an alcove in the upper tunnel, and seepage was collected from the ceiling of a niche in the lower tunnel. Significant temporal and (particularly) spatial variabilities were observed in both measured infiltration and seepage rates. To analyze the test results, a three-dimensional unsaturated flow model was used. A column-based scheme was developed to capture heterogeneous hydraulic properties reflected by these spatial variabilities observed. Fracture permeability and van Genuchten ?? parameter [van Genuchten, M.T., 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 892-898] were calibrated for each rock column in the upper and lower hydrogeologic units in the test bed. The calibrated fracture properties for the infiltration and seepage zone enabled a good match between simulated and measured (spatially varying) seepage rates. The numerical model was also able to capture the general trend of the highly transient seepage processes through a discrete fracture network. The calibrated properties and measured infiltration/seepage rates were further compared with mapped discrete fracture patterns at the top and bottom boundaries. The measured infiltration rates and calibrated fracture permeability of the upper unit were found to be partially controlled by the fracture patterns on the infiltration plot (as indicated by their positive correlations with fracture density). However, no correlation could be established between measured seepage rates and density of fractures mapped on the niche ceiling. This lack of correlation indicates the complexity of (preferential) unsaturated flow within the discrete fracture network. This also indicates that continuum-based modeling of unsaturated flow in fractured rock at mesoscale or a larger scale is not necessarily conditional explicitly on discrete fracture patterns. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Zhou, Q., Salve, R., Liu, H., Wang, J., and Hudson, D., 2006, Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 87, no. 1-2, p. 96-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001.","startPage":"96","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001"},{"id":236947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb02e4b0c8380cd48b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Q. 0000-0002-1282-8177","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8177","contributorId":93164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salve, R.","contributorId":37516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salve","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, H.-H.","contributorId":14618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, J.S.Y.","contributorId":20529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"J.S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, D.","contributorId":101064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028110,"text":"70028110 - 2006 - Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:06:12","indexId":"70028110","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows","docAbstract":"

The ubiquitous presence of nonylphenolethoxylate/octylphenolethoxylate (NPE/OPE) compounds in aquatic environments adjacent to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) warrants an assessment of the endocrine disrupting potential of these complex mixtures on aquatic vertebrates. In this study, fathead minnow larvae were exposed for 64 days to a mixture of NPE/OPE, which closely models the NPE/OPE composition of a major metropolitan WWTP effluent. Target exposure concentrations included a total NPE/OPE mixture load of 200% of the WWTP effluent concentration (148 μg/L), 100% of the WWTP effluent concentration (74 μg/L) and 50% of the WWTP effluent concentration (38 μg/L). The NPE/OPE mixture contained 0.2% 4-t-octylphenol, 2.8% 4-nonylphenol, 5.1% 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxylate, 9.3% 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate, 0.9% 4-t-octylphenolmonoethoxylate, 3.1% 4-t-octylphenoldiethoxylate, 33.8% 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxycarboxylate, and 44.8% 4-nonylphenoldiethoxycarboxylate. An additional exposure of 5 μg/L 4-nonylphenol (nominal) was conducted. The exposure utilized a flow-through system supplied by ground water and designed to deliver consistent concentrations of applied chemicals. Following exposure, larvae were raised to maturity. Upon sexual maturation, exposed male fish were allowed to compete with control males in a competitive spawning assay. Nest holding ability of control and exposed fish was carefully monitored for 7 days. All male fish were then sacrificed and analyzed for plasma vitellogenin, developmental changes in gonadal tissues, alterations in the development of secondary sexual characters, morphometric changes, and changes to reproductive behavior. When exposed to the 200% NPE/OPE treatment most larvae died within the first 4 weeks of exposure. Both the 100% and 50% NPE/OPE exposures caused a significant decrease in reproductive behavior, as indicated by an inability of many of the previously exposed males to acquire and hold a nest site required for reproduction. In contrast, the 5 μg/L 4-nonylphenol exposure resulted in significantly enhanced reproductive behavior compared to that of control males and a majority of the nesting sites were held by previously exposed males. No significant change in the development of gonadal tissues was observed. The 100% NPE/OPE exposure resulted in a significant reduction in the gonadal somatic index and in the prominence of secondary sexual characteristics of exposed larvae. This study indicates that NPE/OPE mixtures have an effect on the reproductive competence of previously exposed male fathead minnows. In addition, 4-nonylphenol concentrations utilized in all exposures were below regulatory guidelines, suggesting that evaluation of 4-nonylphenol alone may not be sufficient for identifying potentially adverse effects of this suite of compounds usually found as mixtures in the aquatic environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Bistodeau, T., Barber, L.B., Bartell, S., Cediel, R., Grove, K., Klaustermeier, J., Woodard, J., Lee, K.E., and Schoenfuss, H., 2006, Larval exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of alkylphenolethoxylates reduces reproductive competence in male fathead minnows: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 268-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.015"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44ade4b0c8380cd66cc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bistodeau, T.J.","contributorId":59697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bistodeau","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartell, S.E.","contributorId":40817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cediel, R.A.","contributorId":100626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cediel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grove, K.J.","contributorId":95282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klaustermeier, J.","contributorId":57735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaustermeier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodard, J.C.","contributorId":35203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodard","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028037,"text":"70028037 - 2006 - Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028037","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa","docAbstract":"Riparian zones of many incised channels in agricultural regions are cropped to the channel edge leaving them unvegetated for large portions of the year. In this study we evaluated surface and groundwater interaction in the riparian zone of an incised stream during a spring high flow period using detailed stream stage and hydraulic head data from six wells, and water quality sampling to determine whether the riparian zone can be a source of nitrate pollution to streams. Study results indicated that bank storage of stream water from Walnut Creek during a large storm water runoff event was limited to a narrow 1.6 m zone immediately adjacent to the channel. Nitrate concentrations in riparian groundwater were highest near the incised stream where the unsaturated zone was thickest. Nitrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations and nitrate-chloride ratios increased during a spring recharge period then decreased in the latter portion of the study. We used MODFLOW and MT3DMS to evaluate dilution and denitrification processes that would contribute to decreasing nitrate concentrations in riparian groundwater over time. MT3DMS model simulations were improved with a denitrification rate of 0.02 1/d assigned to the floodplain sediments implying that denitrification plays an important role in reducing nitrate concentrations in groundwater. We conclude that riparian zones of incised channels can potentially be a source of nitrate to streams during spring recharge periods when the near-stream riparian zone is largely unvegetated. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., Li, Z., and Zhang, Y., 2006, Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa: Journal of Hydrology, v. 327, no. 1-2, p. 140-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014.","startPage":"140","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014"}],"volume":"327","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dd1e4b0c8380cd5c057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190595,"text":"70190595 - 2006 - Control of invasive weeds with prescribed burning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T14:45:51","indexId":"70190595","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3739,"text":"Weed Technology","onlineIssn":"1550-2740","printIssn":"0890-037X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of invasive weeds with prescribed burning","docAbstract":"

Prescribed burning has primarily been used as a tool for the control of invasive late-season annual broadleaf and grass species, particularly yellow starthistle, medusahead, barb goatgrass, and several bromes. However, timely burning of a few invasive biennial broadleaves (e.g., sweetclover and garlic mustard), perennial grasses (e.g., bluegrasses and smooth brome), and woody species (e.g., brooms and Chinese tallow tree) also has been successful. In many cases, the effectiveness of prescribed burning can be enhanced when incorporated into an integrated vegetation management program. Although there are some excellent examples of successful use of prescribed burning for the control of invasive species, a limited number of species have been evaluated. In addition, few studies have measured the impact of prescribed burning on the long-term changes in plant communities, impacts to endangered plant species, effects on wildlife and insect populations, and alterations in soil biology, including nutrition, mycorrhizae, and hydrology. In this review, we evaluate the current state of knowledge on prescribed burning as a tool for invasive weed management.

","language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/WT-05-086R1.1","usgsCitation":"DiTomaso, J.M., Brooks, M.L., Allen, E.B., Minnich, R., Rice, P.M., and Kyser, G.B., 2006, Control of invasive weeds with prescribed burning: Weed Technology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 535-548, https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-05-086R1.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"548","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac34e4b08b1644d8f1c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiTomaso, Joseph M.","contributorId":72925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiTomaso","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Edith B.","contributorId":139341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12741,"text":"U of CA Dept of Botany and Plant Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minnich, Ralph","contributorId":196292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minnich","given":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Peter M.","contributorId":196293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kyser, Guy B.","contributorId":196294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyser","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031093,"text":"70031093 - 2006 - Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of Salix nigra and Taxodium distichum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:16:24","indexId":"70031093","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1575,"text":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of Salix nigra and Taxodium distichum","docAbstract":"

The large river swamps of Louisiana have complex topography and hydrology, characterized by black willow (Salix nigra) dominance on accreting alluvial sediments and vast areas of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) deepwater swamps with highly organic substrates. Seedling survival of these two wetland tree species is influenced by their growth rate in relation to the height and duration of annual flooding in riverine environments. This study examines the interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on growth rates of black willow and baldcypress seedlings. In a greenhouse experiment with a split-split-plot design, 1-year seedlings of black willow and baldcypress were subjected to two nutrient treatments (unfertilized versus fertilized), two hydroperiods (continuously flooded versus twice daily flooding/draining), and two substrates (sand versus commercial peat mix). Response variables included height, diameter, lateral branch count, biomass, and root:stem ratio. Black willow growth in height and diameter, as well as all biomass components, were significantly greater in peat substrate than in sand. Black willow showed a significant hydroperiod-nutrient interaction wherein fertilizer increased stem and root biomass under drained conditions, but flooded plants did not respond to fertilization. Baldcypress diameter and root biomass were higher in peat than in sand, and the same two variables increased with fertilization in flooded as well as drained treatments. These results can be used in Louisiana wetland forest models as inputs of seedling growth and survival, regeneration potential, and biomass accumulation rates of black willow and baldcypress.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.009","issn":"00988472","usgsCitation":"Day, R.H., Doyle, T., and Draugelis-Dale, R., 2006, Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of Salix nigra and Taxodium distichum: Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cdde4b0c8380cd630eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Draugelis-Dale, R. O. 0000-0001-8532-3287","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3287","contributorId":103076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draugelis-Dale","given":"R. O.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031081,"text":"70031081 - 2006 - Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:45:29","indexId":"70031081","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits","docAbstract":"

With the goal of improving property-transfer model (PTM) predictions of unsaturated hydraulic properties, we investigated the influence of sedimentary structure, defined as particle arrangement during deposition, on laboratory-measured water retention (water content vs. potential [θ(ψ)]) of 10 undisturbed core samples from alluvial deposits in the western Mojave Desert, California. The samples were classified as having fluvial or debris-flow structure based on observed stratification and measured spread of particle-size distribution. The θ(ψ) data were fit with the Rossi–Nimmo junction model, representing water retention with three parameters: the maximum water content (θmax), the ψ-scaling parameter (ψo), and the shape parameter (λ). We examined trends between these hydraulic parameters and bulk physical properties, both textural—geometric mean, M g, and geometric standard deviation, σg, of particle diameter—and structural—bulk density, ρb, the fraction of unfilled pore space at natural saturation, A e, and porosity-based randomness index, Φs, defined as the excess of total porosity over 0.3. Structural parameters Φs and A e were greater for fluvial samples, indicating greater structural pore space and a possibly broader pore-size distribution associated with a more systematic arrangement of particles. Multiple linear regression analysis and Mallow's C p statistic identified combinations of textural and structural parameters for the most useful predictive models: for θmax, including A e, Φs, and σg, and for both ψo and λ, including only textural parameters, although use of A e can somewhat improve ψo predictions. Textural properties can explain most of the sample-to-sample variation in θ(ψ) independent of deposit type, but inclusion of the simple structural indicators A e and Φs can improve PTM predictions, especially for the wettest part of the θ(ψ) curve.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2005.0088","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Winfield, K., Nimmo, J., Izbicki, J., and Martin, P.M., 2006, Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 2, p. 706-719, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0088.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0088"},{"id":238975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9dbe4b0c8380cd85ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winfield, K.A.","contributorId":85396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfield","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, P. M.","contributorId":39003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031078,"text":"70031078 - 2006 - Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031078","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan","docAbstract":"Since 1987 we have studied weekly change in winter (December-April) precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water, and stream water solute flux in a small (176-ha) Northern Michigan watershed vegetated by 65-85 year-old northern hardwoods. Our primary study objective was to quantify the effect of change in winter temperature and precipitation on watershed hydrology and solute flux. During the study winter runoff was correlated with precipitation, and forest soils beneath the snowpack remained unfrozen. Winter air temperature and soil temperature beneath the snowpack increased while precipitation and snowmelt declined. Atmospheric inputs declined for H+, NO 3- , NH 4+ , dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and SO 42- . Replicated plot-level results, which could not be directly extrapolated to the watershed scale, showed 90% of atmospheric DIN input was retained in surface shallow (<15 cm deep) soils while SO 42- flux increased 70% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 30-fold. Most stream water base cation (C B), HCO 3- , and Cl- concentrations declined with increased stream water discharge, K+, NO 3- , and SO 42- remained unchanged, and DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased. Winter stream water solute outputs declined or were unchanged with time except for NO 3- and DOC which increased. DOC and DIN outputs were correlated with the percentage of winter runoff and stream discharge that occurred when subsurface flow at the plot-level was shallow (<25 cm beneath Oi). Study results suggest that the percentage of annual runoff occurring as shallow lateral subsurface flow may be a major factor regulating solute outputs and concentrations in snowmelt-dominated ecosystems. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Toczydlowski, D., 2006, Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan: Biogeochemistry, v. 77, no. 3, p. 409-440, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1.","startPage":"409","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1"},{"id":238942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05fee4b0c8380cd5107c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toczydlowski, D.","contributorId":9790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031002,"text":"70031002 - 2006 - Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:23:41","indexId":"70031002","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water","docAbstract":"

Three sites in the Front Range of Colorado, USA, were monitored from May through September 2003 to assess the presence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water derived from urban wastewater. Soil cores were collected monthly, and 19 pharmaceuticals, all of which were detected during the present study, were measured in 5‐cm increments of the 30‐cm cores. Samples of reclaimed water were analyzed three times during the study to assess the input of pharmaceuticals. Samples collected before the onset of irrigation in 2003 contained numerous pharmaceuticals, likely resulting from the previous year's irrigation. Several of the selected pharmaceuticals increased in total soil concentration at one or more of the sites. The four most commonly detected pharmaceuticals were erythromycin, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, and diphenhydramine. Typical concentrations of the individual pharmaceuticals observed were low (0.02–15 μg/kg dry soil). The existence of subsurface maximum concentrations and detectable concentrations at the lowest sampled soil depth might indicate interactions of soil components with pharmaceuticals during leaching through the vadose zone. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates that reclaimed‐water irrigation results in soil pharmaceutical concentrations that vary through the irrigation season and that some compounds persist for months after irrigation.

","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1897/05-187R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Kinney, C., Furlong, E., Werner, S., and Cahill, J., 2006, Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 317-326, https://doi.org/10.1897/05-187R.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"326","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-187R.1"},{"id":238707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b3be4b0c8380cd7e1c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, C.A.","contributorId":90516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahill, J.D.","contributorId":77342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030972,"text":"70030972 - 2006 - Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:38:39","indexId":"70030972","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber","docAbstract":"

A portable chamber was used to separate evapotranspiration (ET) from a sparse, mixed‐species shrub canopy in southeastern Arizona, United States, into vegetation and soil components. Chamber measurements were made of ET from the five dominant species, and from bare soil, on 3 days during the monsoon season when the soil surface was dry. The chamber measurements were assembled into landscape ET using a simple geometric model of the vegetated land surface. Chamber estimates of landscape ET were well correlated with, but about 26% greater than, simultaneous eddy‐correlation measurements. Excessive air speed inside the chamber appears to be the primary cause of the overestimate. Overall, transpiration accounted for 84% of landscape ET, and bare soil evaporation for 16%. Desert zinnia, a small (∼0.1 m high) but abundant species, was the greatest water user, both per unit area of shrub and of landscape. Partitioning of ETinto components varied as a function of air temperature and shallow soil moisture. Transpiration from shorter species was more highly correlated with air temperature whereas transpiration from taller species was more highly correlated with shallow soil moisture. Application of these results to a full drying cycle between rainfalls at a similar site suggests that during the monsoon, ET at such sites may be about equally partitioned between transpiration and bare soil evaporation.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004251","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.I., and Weltz, M.A., 2006, Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 2, W02413; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004251.","productDescription":"W02413; 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a753ee4b0c8380cd77a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltz, Mark A.","contributorId":75790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weltz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030971,"text":"70030971 - 2006 - Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030971","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest","docAbstract":"Soil redox potential (Eh), concentrations of oxygen (O2) and three greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) were measured in the soil profile of a coastal forest at ridge, transition, and swamp across a hydrological gradient. The results delineated a distinct boundary in soil Eh and O2 concentration between the ridge and swamp with essentially no overlap between the two locations. Critical soil Eh to initiate significant CH4 production under this field conditions was about +300 mV, much higher than in the homogenous soils (about -150 mV). The strength of CH4 source to the atmosphere was strong for the swamp, minor for the transition, and negligible or even negative (consumption) for the ridge. Maximum N2O concentration in the soils was found at about Eh +250 mV, and the soil N2O emission was estimated to account for less than 4% for the ridge and transition, and almost negligible for the swamp in the cumulative global warming potential (GWP) of these three gases. The dynamic nature of this study site in response to water table fluctuations across a hydrological gradient makes it an ideal model of impact of future sea level rise to coastal ecosystems. Soil carbon (C) sequestration potential due to increasing soil water content upon sea level rise and subsidence in this coastal forest was likely limited and temporal, and at the expense of increasing soil CH4 production and emission. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Yu, K., Faulkner, S., and Patrick, W., 2006, Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest: Chemosphere, v. 62, no. 6, p. 905-914, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033.","startPage":"905","endPage":"914","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033"},{"id":238772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3c0e4b0e8fec6cdb961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, K.","contributorId":23756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, W.H. Jr.","contributorId":78540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"W.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030938,"text":"70030938 - 2006 - Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:08:57","indexId":"70030938","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands","docAbstract":"

Increasing demands on water resources in arid environments make reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater an important component of the water budget. Treatment wetlands can be an integral part of the water-reuse cycle providing both water-quality enhancement and habitat functions. When used for habitat, the bioaccumulation potential of contaminants in the wastewater is a critical consideration. Water and fish samples collected from the Tres Rios Demonstration Constructed Wetlands near Phoenix, Arizona, which uses secondary-treated wastewater to maintain an aquatic ecosystem in a desert environment, were analyzed for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) and trace elements. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) were deployed to investigate uptake of HOC. The wetlands effectively removed HOC, and concentrations of herbicides, pesticides, and organic wastewater contaminants decreased 40−99% between inlet and outlet. Analysis of Tilapia mossambica and Gambusia affinis indicated accumulation of HOC, including p,p‘-DDE and trans-nonachlor. The SPMD accumulated the HOC detected in the fish tissue as well as additional compounds. Trace-element concentrations in whole-fish tissue were highly variable, but were similar between the two species. Concentrations of HOC and trace elements varied in different fish tissue compartments, and concentrations in Tilapia liver tissue were greater than those in the whole organism or filet tissue. Bioconcentration factors for the trace elements ranged from 5 to 58 000 and for the HOC ranged from 530 to 150 000.


","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0514287","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Keefe, S., Antweiler, R.C., Taylor, H.E., and Wass, R., 2006, Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 603-611, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0514287.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"611","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211505,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0514287"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e680e4b0c8380cd47451","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefe, S.H.","contributorId":18965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wass, R.D.","contributorId":41210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wass","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030904,"text":"70030904 - 2006 - Trophic transfer of trace metals: Subcellular compartmentalization in a polychaete and assimilation by a decapod crustacean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:02:07","indexId":"70030904","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic transfer of trace metals: Subcellular compartmentalization in a polychaete and assimilation by a decapod crustacean","docAbstract":"

The chemical form of accumulated trace metal in prey is important in controlling the bioavailability of dietary metal to a predator. This study investigated the trophic transfer of radiolabelled Ag, Cd and Zn from the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor to the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians. We used 2 populations of worms with different proportions of accumulated metals in different subcellular fractions as prey, and loaded the worms with radiolabelled metals either from sediment or from solution. Accumulated radiolabelled metals were fractionated into 5 components:metal-rich granules (MRG), cellular debris, organelles, metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP), and other (heat-sensitive) proteins (HSP). Assimilation efficiencies (AE) of the metals by P. varians were measured from the 4 categories of prey (i.e. 2 populations, radiolabelled from sediment or solution). There were significant differences for each metal between the AEs from the different prey categories, confirming that origin of prey and route of uptake of accumulated trace metal will cause intraspecific differences in subsequent metal assimilation. Correlations were sought between AEs and selected fractions or combinations of fractions of metals in the prey-MRG, Trophically Available Metal (TAM = MTLP + HSP + organelles) and total protein (MTLP + HSP). TAM explained 28% of the variance in AEs for Ag, but no consistent relationships emerged between AEs and TAM or total protein when the metals were considered separately. AEs did, however, show significant positive regressions with both TAM and total protein when the 3 metals were considered together, explaining only about 21% of the variance in each case. A significant negative relationship was observed between MRG and AE for all metals combined. The predator (P. varians) can assimilate dietary metal from a range of the fractions binding metals in the prey (N. diversicolor), with different assimilation efficiencies summated across these fractions. TAM and/or total protein may represent an approximate minimum for trophic availability but neither of these alone is a fully accurate predictor.

","language":"English","publisher":"Int Res","doi":"10.3354/meps308091","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Rainbow, P., Poirier, L., Smith, B.D., Brix, K., and Luoma, S., 2006, Trophic transfer of trace metals: Subcellular compartmentalization in a polychaete and assimilation by a decapod crustacean: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 308, p. 91-100, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps308091.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps308091","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"308","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb890e4b08c986b327923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rainbow, P.S.","contributorId":46753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbow","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poirier, L.","contributorId":28053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poirier","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brix, K.V.","contributorId":99761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brix","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030886,"text":"70030886 - 2006 - Organic geochemistry - A retrospective of its first 70 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030886","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Organic geochemistry - A retrospective of its first 70 years","docAbstract":"Organic geochemistry had its origin in the early part of the 20th century when organic chemists and geologists realized that detailed information on the organic materials in sediments and rocks was scientifically interesting and of practical importance. The generally acknowledged \"father\" of organic geochemistry is Alfred E. Treibs (1899-1983), who discovered and described, in 1936, porphyrin pigments in shale, coal, and crude oil, and traced the source of these molecules to their biological precursors. Thus, the year 1936 marks the beginning of organic geochemistry. However, formal organization of organic geochemistry dates from 1959 when the Organic Geochemistry Division (OGD) of The Geochemical Society was founded in the United States, followed 22 years later (1981) by the establishment of the European Association of Organic Geochemists (EAOG). Organic geochemistry (1) has its own journal, Organic Geochemistry (beginning in 1979) which, since 1988, is the official journal of the EAOG, (2) convenes two major conferences [International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG), since 1962, and Gordon Research Conferences on Organic Geochemistry (GRC), since 1968] in alternate years, and (3) is the subject matter of several textbooks. Organic geochemistry is now a widely recognized geoscience in which organic chemistry has contributed significantly not only to geology (i.e., petroleum geochemistry, molecular stratigraphy) and biology (i.e., biogeochemistry), but also to other disciplines, such as chemical oceanography, environmental science, hydrology, biochemical ecology, archaeology, and cosmochemistry.","largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.09.001","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., 2006, Organic geochemistry - A retrospective of its first 70 years, in Organic Geochemistry, v. 37, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.09.001.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211691,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.09.001"},{"id":239031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fb7e4b0c8380cd75c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}