An integrated geochemical-sedimentological project is studying the paleoclimatic and paleogeographic characteristics of the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse world of western North America. A critical part of this project, required to establish a temporal framework, is a stratigraphic study of depositional relationships between the Albian-Cenomanian Dakota and the Upper Albian Kiowa formations of the eastern margin of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS). Palynostratigraphic and sedimentologic analyses provide criteria for the Dakota Formation to be divided into three sedimentary sequences bounded by unconformities (D0, D1, and D2) that are recognized from western Iowa to westernmost Kansas. The lowest of these sequences, defined by unconformities D0 and D1, is entirely Upper Albian, and includes the largely nonmarine basal Dakota (lower part of the Nishnabotna Member) strata in western Iowa and eastern Nebraska and the marine Kiowa Formation to the southwest in Kansas. The gravel-rich fluvial deposits of the basal part of the Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota Formation correlate with transgressive marine shales of the Kiowa Formation. This is a critical relationship to establish because of the need to correlate between marine and nonmarine strata that contain both geochronologic and paleoclimatic proxy data.
The basal gravel facies (up to 40 m thick in western Iowa) aggraded in incised valleys during the Late Albian Kiowa-Skull Creek marine transgression. In southeastern Nebraska, basal gravels intertongue with carbonaceous mudrocks that contain diverse assemblages of Late Albian palynomorphs, including marine dinoflagellates and acritarchs. This palynomorph assemblage is characterized by occurrences of palynomorph taxa not known to range above the Albian Kiowa-Skull Creek depositional cycle elsewhere in the Western Interior, and correlates to the lowest of four generalized palynostratographic units that are comparable to other palynological sequences elsewhere in North America.
Tidal rhythmites in mudrocks at the Ash Grove Cement Quarry in Louisville (Cass County), Nebraska record well-developed diurnal and semimonthly tidal cycles, and moderately well developed semiannual cycles. These tidal rhythmites are interpreted to have accumulated during rising sea level at the head of a paleoestuary that experienced at least occasional mesotidal conditions. This scenario places the gravel-bearing lower part of the Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota Formation in the mouth of an incised valley of an Upper Albian transgressive systems tract deposited along a tidally influenced coast. Furthermore, it provides a depositional setting consistent with the biostratigraphic correlation of the lower part of the Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota Formation to the marine Kiowa Formation of Kansas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/2DC4093E-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Brenner, R.L., Ludvigson, G.A., Witzke, B., Zawistoski, A., Kvale, E., Ravn, R., and Joeckel, R.M., 2000, Late Albian Kiowa-Skull Creek marine transgression, lower Dakota Formation, eastern margin of Western Interior Seaway, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, no. 4, p. 868-878, https://doi.org/10.1306/2DC4093E-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"868","endPage":"878","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.41326904296874,\n 42.48222557002593\n ],\n [\n -95.21026611328125,\n 42.48425110546248\n ],\n [\n -95.21575927734375,\n 43.50274467820439\n ],\n [\n -96.60552978515625,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -96.59454345703125,\n 43.48082639482503\n ],\n [\n -96.61651611328125,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -96.60552978515625,\n 43.43497155337347\n ],\n [\n -96.580810546875,\n 43.42898792344155\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -96.52862548828125,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -96.53411865234375,\n 43.345154990451135\n ],\n [\n -96.53411865234375,\n 43.31118965238512\n ],\n [\n -96.59454345703125,\n 43.313188139196406\n ],\n [\n -96.59454345703125,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -96.5643310546875,\n 43.25520534158046\n ],\n [\n -96.580810546875,\n 43.241201214257885\n ],\n [\n -96.57257080078125,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -96.53961181640625,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -96.51214599609375,\n 43.2151850073567\n ],\n [\n -96.48468017578125,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -96.47369384765625,\n 43.159112387154174\n ],\n [\n -96.45172119140624,\n 43.12905229628564\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 43.09897742494981\n ],\n [\n -96.46270751953125,\n 43.08293145035436\n ],\n [\n -96.52862548828125,\n 43.052833917627936\n ],\n [\n -96.50665283203124,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -96.536865234375,\n 42.98656732912335\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 42.96446257387128\n ],\n [\n -96.55059814453125,\n 42.93430692117159\n ],\n [\n -96.55059814453125,\n 42.896088552971065\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 42.84777884235988\n ],\n [\n -96.61102294921875,\n 42.80144655484334\n ],\n [\n -96.64947509765625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -96.6412353515625,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -96.6522216796875,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -96.62750244140625,\n 42.696567309696974\n ],\n [\n -96.59454345703125,\n 42.68041629144619\n ],\n [\n -96.53961181640625,\n 42.62991729384455\n ],\n [\n -96.5093994140625,\n 42.5733097370664\n ],\n [\n -96.49566650390625,\n 42.54296310520116\n ],\n [\n -96.50665283203124,\n 42.51867517417283\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 42.49032731830467\n ],\n [\n -96.41326904296874,\n 42.48222557002593\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4544e4b0c8380cd67188","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenner, Richard L.","contributorId":94457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13387,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 669, Cordova, AK 99574","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zawistoski, A.N.","contributorId":76901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawistoski","given":"A.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kvale, E.P.","contributorId":76076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvale","given":"E.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ravn, R.L.","contributorId":39155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Joeckel, R. M.","contributorId":37103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joeckel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022108,"text":"70022108 - 2000 - Coordinated strike-slip and normal faulting in the Southern Ozark dome of Northern Arkansas: Deformation in a late Paleozoic foreland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T16:38:06.303947","indexId":"70022108","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coordinated strike-slip and normal faulting in the Southern Ozark dome of Northern Arkansas: Deformation in a late Paleozoic foreland","docAbstract":"Structures that formed on the southern flank of the Ozark dome, in the foreland of the late Paleozoic Ouachita orogeny, have received little modern study. New mapping of the western Buffalo River region of northern Arkansas identifies diversely oriented faults and monoclinal folds that displace the generally flat lying Mississippian Boone Formation over a 180 m elevation range. Kinematic measurements and spatial relations reveal the presence of both east-striking normal faults and broader northeast-striking dextral strike-slip fault zones that acted in a coordinated fashion to accommodate constrictional strain, in which north-south extension was balanced by vertical and east-directed shortening. North-south extension in the Buffalo River region probably reflects Pennsylvanian-Early Permian deformation within the flexural forebulge of the developing Ouachita orogeny, which closed progressively westward along the southern margin of the craton.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<511:CSANFI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M., 2000, Coordinated strike-slip and normal faulting in the Southern Ozark dome of Northern Arkansas: Deformation in a late Paleozoic foreland: Geology, v. 28, no. 6, p. 511-514, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<511:CSANFI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"514","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Ozark dome, Ozark Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.518465989675875\n ],\n [\n -94.449462890625,\n 35.45172093634465\n ],\n [\n -92.16430664062499,\n 35.44277092585766\n ],\n [\n -92.120361328125,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.518465989675875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbece4b0c8380cd4e037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022086,"text":"70022086 - 2000 - Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T16:16:29.806952","indexId":"70022086","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin","docAbstract":"Pesticide occurrence and concentrations were evaluated in the San Joaquin River Basin to determine potential sources and mode of transport. Land use in the basin is mainly agricultural. Spatial variations in pesticide occurrence were evaluated in relation to pesticide application and cropping patterns in three contrasting subbasins and at the mouth of the basin. Temporal variability in pesticide occurrence was evaluated by fixed interval sampling and by sampling across the hydrograph during winter storms. Four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, dacthal, and EPTC) and two insecticides (diazinon and chlorpyrifos) were detected in more than 50 percent of the samples. Temporal, and to a lesser extent spatial, variation in pesticide occurrence is usually consistent with pesticide application and cropping patterns. Diazinon concentrations changed rapidly during winter storms, and both eastern and western tributaries contributed diazinon to the San Joaquin River at concentrations toxic to the water flea Ceriodaphnia dubia at different times during the hydrograph. During these storms, toxic concentrations resulted from the transport of only a very small portion of the applied diazinon.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agrochemical fate and movement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch020","issn":"00976156","usgsCitation":"Dubrovsky, N.M., Kratzer, C.R., Panshin, S.Y., Gronberg, J.M., and Kuivila, K., 2000, Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin, in Agrochemical fate and movement, v. 751, p. 306-322, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch020.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.531005859375,\n 36.328402729422656\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 36.69485094156225\n ],\n [\n -119.36645507812499,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -119.54223632812501,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 37.60987994374712\n ],\n [\n -119.9102783203125,\n 37.896530447543\n ],\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -120.25634765624999,\n 38.52668162061619\n ],\n [\n -120.56396484375,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -120.39916992187499,\n 38.8824811975508\n ],\n [\n -120.794677734375,\n 39.049052206453524\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -121.76696777343749,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 37.63163475580643\n ],\n [\n -121.40991210937499,\n 37.47921744485059\n ],\n [\n -121.19018554687499,\n 37.09900294387622\n ],\n [\n -121.1517333984375,\n 36.76969233214548\n ],\n [\n -120.948486328125,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -120.97595214843749,\n 36.58465761247169\n ],\n [\n -120.531005859375,\n 36.328402729422656\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"751","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7722e4b0c8380cd78429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panshin, Sandra Y.","contributorId":46126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panshin","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-7940-489X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":260408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022081,"text":"70022081 - 2000 - Facies patterns and conodont biogeography in Arctic Alaska and the Canadian Arctic Islands: Evidence against juxtaposition of these areas during early Paleozoic time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:52:27.381337","indexId":"70022081","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3097,"text":"Polarforschung","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Facies patterns and conodont biogeography in Arctic Alaska and the Canadian Arctic Islands: Evidence against juxtaposition of these areas during early Paleozoic time","docAbstract":"Differences in lithofacies and biofacies suggest that lower Paleozoic rocks now exposed in Arctic Alaska and the Canadian Arctic Islands did not form as part of a single depositional system. Lithologic contrasts are noted in shallow- and deep-water strata and are especially marked in Ordovician and Silurian rocks. A widespread intraplatform basin of Early and Middle Ordovician age in northern Alaska has no counterpart in the Canadian Arctic, and the regional drowning and backstepping of the Silurian shelf margin in Canada has no known parallel in northern Alaska. Lower Paleozoic basinal facies in northern Alaska are chiefly siliciclastic, whereas resedimented carbonates are volumetrically important in Canada. Micro- and macrofossil assemblages from northern Alaska contain elements typical of both Siberian and Laurentian biotic provinces; coeval Canadian Arctic assemblages contain Laurentian forms but lack Siberian species. Siberian affinities in northern Alaskan biotas persist from at least Middle Cambrian through Mississippian time and appear to decrease in intensity from present-day west to east. Our lithologic and biogeographic data are most compatible with the hypothesis that northern Alaska-Chukotka formed a discrete tectonic block situated between Siberia and Laurentia in early Paleozoic time. If Arctic Alaska was juxtaposed with the Canadian Arctic prior to opening of the Canada basin, biotic constraints suggest that such juxtaposition took place no earlier than late Paleozoic time.","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publishing","doi":"10.2312/polarforschung.68.257","issn":"00322490","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Harris, A., Bradley, D.C., and De Freitas, T.A., 2000, Facies patterns and conodont biogeography in Arctic Alaska and the Canadian Arctic Islands: Evidence against juxtaposition of these areas during early Paleozoic time: Polarforschung, v. 68, no. 1-3, p. 257-266, https://doi.org/10.2312/polarforschung.68.257.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.53125,\n 68.39918004344189\n ],\n [\n -156.796875,\n 69.65708627301174\n ],\n [\n -133.2421875,\n 66.93006025862448\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 66.37275500247455\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -62.9296875,\n 61.938950426660604\n ],\n [\n -59.4140625,\n 67.06743335108298\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 74.49641311694307\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n 78.63000556774836\n ],\n [\n -60.46875,\n 82.40242347938855\n ],\n [\n -65.0390625,\n 83.27770503961696\n ],\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n 83.52016238353205\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 82.1183836069127\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 79.74993207509453\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 79.10508621944108\n ],\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 76.9999351181161\n ],\n [\n -131.1328125,\n 71.85622888185527\n ],\n [\n -137.109375,\n 70.49557354093136\n ],\n [\n -157.1484375,\n 72.39570570653261\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 70.8446726342528\n ],\n [\n -164.53125,\n 68.39918004344189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e8de4b0c8380cd534ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Freitas, T. A.","contributorId":40077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Freitas","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022438,"text":"70022438 - 2000 - Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T15:16:52.196758","indexId":"70022438","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has provided a new imaging geodesy technique to measure the deformation of volcanoes at tens-of-meter horizontal resolution with centimeter to subcentimeter vertical precision. The two-dimensional surface deformation data enables the construction of detailed numerical models allowing the study of magmatic and tectonic processes beneath volcanoes. This paper summarizes our recent: InSAR studies over the Alaska-Aleutian volcanoes, which include New Trident, Okmok, Akutan, Augustine, Shishaldin, and Westdahl volcanoes. The first InSAR surface deformation over the Alaska volcanoes was applied to New Trident. Preliminary InSAR study suggested that New Trident volcano experienced several centimeters inflation from 1993 to 1995. Using the InSAR technique, we studied the 1997 eruption of Okmok. We have measured ???1.4 m deflation during the eruption, ???20 cm pre-eruptive inflation during 1992 to 1995, and >10 cm post-eruptive inflation within a year after the eruption, and modeled the deformations using Mogi sources. We imaged the ground surface deformation associated with the 1996 seismic crisis over Akutan volcano. Although seismic swarm did not result in an eruption, we found that the western part of the volcano uplifted ???60 cm while the eastern part of the island subsided. The majority of the complex deformation field at the Akutan volcano was modeled by dike intrusion and Mogi inflation sources. Our InSAR results also indicate that the pyroclastic flows from last the last eruption have been undergoing contraction/subsidence at a rate of about 3 cm per year since 1992. InSAR measured no surface deformation before and during the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin and suggested the eruption may be a type of open system. Finally, we applied satellite radar interferometry to Westdahl volcano which erupted 1991 and has been quiet since. We discovered this volcano had inflated about 15 cm from 1993 to 1998. In summary, satellite radar interferometry can not only be used to study a volcanic eruption, but also to detect aseismic deformation at quiescent volcanoes preceding a seismic swarm; it is a useful technique to study volcanic eruptions as well as to guide scientists to better focus their monitoring efforts.","conferenceTitle":"ERS-Envisat Symposium 'Looking Down to Earth in the New Millennium'","conferenceDate":"Oct 16-20 2000","conferenceLocation":"Gothenburg, Sweden","language":"English","publisher":"Europan space Agency","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Wicks, C., Dzurisin, D., Thatcher, W., and Power, J., 2000, Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry, ERS-Envisat Symposium 'Looking Down to Earth in the New Millennium', v. 461, Gothenburg, Sweden, Oct 16-20 2000, p. 81-90.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146],[-141.064453125,69.80172356231073],[-141.767578125,69.96043926902489],[-142.734375,70.1478274118401],[-143.26171875,70.25945200030638],[-144.99755859375,70.1925497583889],[-146.14013671875,70.21487465331137],[-147.43652343749997,70.32613725493573],[-148.40332031249997,70.51024068514326],[-149.47998046875,70.63448406630856],[-149.85351562499997,70.63448406630856],[-150.64453125,70.59802116106809],[-151.611328125,70.61261423801925],[-151.8310546875,70.7724429742589],[-152.02880859375,70.90226826757711],[-152.666015625,71.0098110139634],[-153.52294921875,71.05979781529196],[-154.31396484375,70.95969716686398],[-154.70947265625,71.20191973293133],[-155.41259765625,71.3219146980122],[-156.46728515625,71.45515260247822],[-157.10449218749997,71.34301347171373],[-157.58789062499997,71.21607526596131],[-157.91748046875,70.99550574822297],[-158.62060546875,70.9883492241249],[-159.30175781249997,70.98119010476937],[-159.98291015625,70.94535555009823],[-160.51025390625,70.73622993891799],[-160.90576171875,70.58341752317065],[-161.5869140625,70.45150843439349],[-161.78466796875,70.45885925640687],[-162.5537109375,70.34092679475283],[-163.05908203125,70.09552886456429],[-163.388671875,69.81689109911446],[-163.564453125,69.51914693717981],[-164.02587890625,69.15474044269264],[-164.90478515625,69.03714171275197],[-165.69580078124997,68.97416358340674],[-166.26708984375,69.01354605132325],[-166.376953125,68.80004113882613],[-166.66259765624997,68.5443150407769],[-167.1240234375,68.39918004344189],[-166.61865234375,68.17155518732503],[-166.5087890625,67.99110834539984],[-165.87158203125,67.8672645403614],[-164.61914062499997,67.47492238478702],[-164.24560546874997,67.23806155909902],[-164.091796875,67.02458758377148],[-163.10302734375,66.87834504307976],[-163.05908203125,66.73990169639414],[-162.66357421875,66.58321725728175],[-162.333984375,66.48697584176404],[-162.3779296875,66.34632215978135],[-163.2568359375,66.31103501145373],[-163.19091796875,66.55700652350038],[-163.76220703124997,66.73990169639414],[-164.46533203125,66.69647781801481],[-165.30029296875,66.55700652350038],[-166.1572265625,66.41674787052298],[-166.9482421875,66.24916310923315],[-167.3876953125,66.01801815922045],[-168.42041015625,65.56754970214311],[-168.02490234375,65.33017791526855],[-167.45361328125,65.18303007291382],[-166.9921875,64.86760781632728],[-166.7724609375,64.49172504435471],[-165.69580078124997,64.24459476798195],[-164.59716796875,64.29229248039543],[-164.13574218749997,64.26368374017731],[-163.49853515625,64.18724867664994],[-162.5537109375,64.27322328178595],[-161.82861328124997,64.24459476798195],[-161.52099609375,63.93737246791484],[-163.125,63.68524808030715],[-163.93798828125,63.41119772365924],[-164.5751953125,63.32254947641308],[-165.41015625,63.15435519659187],[-165.78369140625,62.75472592723178],[-166.26708984375,62.42090322195164],[-166.5966796875,62.155240711732425],[-166.48681640625,61.616843178481375],[-166.2451171875,61.23853141060282],[-165.849609375,60.8663124746226],[-166.5966796875,60.56537850464181],[-167.34375,60.468050120874615],[-167.80517578125,60.20707506634915],[-167.8271484375,60.09771842541544],[-167.89306640624997,59.93300042374631],[-167.03613281249997,59.712097173322924],[-166.640625,59.61221219518693],[-165.95947265624997,59.60109549032134],[-165.47607421874997,59.74532608213611],[-165.10253906249997,59.95501026206206],[-164.794921875,59.987997631212224],[-164.72900390624997,59.7563950493563],[-164.46533203125,59.54545678424146],[-163.8720703125,59.54545678424146],[-163.14697265625,59.60109549032134],[-162.26806640625,59.62332522313024],[-162.20214843749997,59.17592824927136],[-162.35595703125,58.81374171570782],[-162.57568359375,58.6769376725869],[-162.09228515625,58.39019698411526],[-161.455078125,58.39019698411526],[-160.68603515625,58.44773280389084],[-160.1806640625,58.516651799363785],[-159.71923828125,58.58543569119917],[-159.43359375,58.47072082411973],[-159.08203125,58.33256713195789],[-158.55468749999997,58.286395482881034],[-158.44482421874997,58.619777025081675],[-157.60986328125,58.52812515905843],[-158.00537109375,58.00809779306888],[-158.48876953125,57.468589192089354],[-159.49951171875,56.84897198026975],[-161.0595703125,56.389583525613055],[-164.9267578125,54.97761367069628],[-165.9814453125,54.470037612805754],[-168.55224609375,53.73571574532637],[-173.232421875,52.92215137976296],[-175.62744140624997,52.3755991766591],[-177.86865234375,52.13348804077147],[-178.9453125,50.98609893339354],[-178.00048828125,51.440312757160115],[-176.8359375,51.467696956223364],[-175.36376953125,51.7406361640977],[-171.826171875,52.119998657638156],[-167.62939453124997,52.9883372533954],[-166.728515625,53.186287573913305],[-165.9375,53.553362785528094],[-165.30029296875,53.76170183021049],[-164.3115234375,54.149567212540525],[-163.89404296875,54.29088164657006],[-163.3447265625,54.18815548107151],[-162.26806640625,54.07228265560388],[-162.09228515625,54.3549556895541],[-161.89453125,54.7246201949245],[-161.0595703125,54.80068486732233],[-160.400390625,54.67383096593114],[-159.19189453125,54.61025498157912],[-159.14794921875,55.07836723201515],[-158.79638671875,55.429013452407396],[-157.58789062499997,55.825973254619015],[-155.7421875,55.541064956111036],[-154.62158203125,56.01066647040695],[-153.47900390625,56.43820369358165],[-151.45751953125,57.397624055000456],[-151.4794921875,58.07787626787517],[-151.45751953125,58.75680543225761],[-149.74365234374997,59.38917842312835],[-148.51318359375,59.63443457494949],[-146.689453125,59.355596110016315],[-144.51416015625,59.75086102411168],[-144.3109130859375,59.87239799228177],[-143.8330078125,59.968758992382334],[-143.0694580078125,60.031929699115615],[-141.5533447265625,59.842055288480076],[-140.9051513671875,59.68160832698723],[-140.020751953125,59.478568831926395],[-139.1693115234375,59.234986238722],[-138.82873535156247,59.09138238455909],[-138.3233642578125,58.96983560365735],[-138.1146240234375,58.862064179600374],[-138.076171875,58.722598828043374],[-136.9775390625,58.19387126497797],[-136.56005859375,57.7862326105289],[-135.966796875,57.33838126552897],[-136.03271484375,57.052681978717494],[-135.81298828125,56.92099675839107],[-134.571533203125,55.8845546603819],[-134.2034912109375,55.56592203025787],[-133.8958740234375,55.263468250921285],[-133.7530517578125,55.06264118216743],[-133.6102294921875,54.64523407607479],[-133.2421875,54.635697306063854],[-130.6171417236328,54.70637513489091],[-130.62950134277344,54.72422365048395],[-130.62606811523438,54.73651472417763],[-130.65765380859375,54.762274228176494],[-130.62950134277344,54.78247406031503],[-130.5663299560547,54.79237225560392],[-130.49697875976562,54.82877675365454],[-130.42282104492188,54.87423625974835],[-130.34591674804688,54.91569803760518],[-130.27244567871094,54.97288463122321],[-130.18661499023438,55.062247951730015],[-130.18043518066406,55.091729515360875],[-130.15090942382812,55.12393783348962],[-130.14747619628906,55.14160209881279],[-130.10284423828125,55.19219635238084],[-129.97169494628906,55.28146181651345],[-129.97581481933594,55.30022902025666],[-130.02044677734375,55.33890835596374],[-130.0396728515625,55.45043679812318],[-130.0884246826172,55.496749338303694],[-130.12825012207028,55.58144971869657],[-130.10971069335938,55.68223010941079],[-130.14816284179688,55.71473455012689],[-130.15296936035156,55.7649857705176],[-130.12550354003906,55.80475427021683],[-130.0843048095703,55.82134464477078],[-130.00465393066406,55.90573012454021],[-130.00465393066406,55.9130425993163],[-130.0190734863281,55.912657766599715],[-130.00259399414062,56.00605986001467],[-130.10421752929688,56.12297419573329],[-130.24635314941406,56.09693875609652],[-130.3479766845703,56.12794955397159],[-130.42556762695312,56.14134155069025],[-130.4674530029297,56.24373146827144],[-130.55740356445312,56.249454174583384],[-130.5677032470703,56.25479459547735],[-130.62400817871094,56.2685236855868],[-130.78262329101562,56.36715174252849],[-131.08612060546875,56.40668363558357],[-131.16989135742188,56.44883107459549],[-131.473388671875,56.551913918713375],[-131.58119201660156,56.61204220477141],[-131.8352508544922,56.59843662755775],[-131.85997009277344,56.702620872371355],[-131.89979553222656,56.75347577609789],[-131.87232971191406,56.805765643008264],[-132.12432861328122,56.87374615531272],[-132.0467376708984,57.04521234171931],[-132.3687744140625,57.09149987857074],[-132.2472381591797,57.211056900559335],[-132.3680877685547,57.347273783306676],[-132.55210876464844,57.49516565182901],[-132.65853881835938,57.61562391374733],[-132.75466918945312,57.69680911844304],[-132.8693389892578,57.83853792318956],[-133.06983947753906,58.00082136594698],[-133.17283630371094,58.15404059343076],[-133.34518432617188,58.27628739957773],[-133.45985412597656,58.38731772556939],[-133.37608337402344,58.430481925680034],[-133.70567321777344,58.611194853078764],[-133.83956909179685,58.730440812979516],[-134.25979614257812,58.861354043320055],[-134.3360137939453,58.92414471817596],[-134.3140411376953,58.962755708753306],[-134.4060516357422,58.978683427688686],[-134.38133239746094,59.03878841190553],[-134.44656372070312,59.08820785301446],[-134.48501586914062,59.13121539881386],[-134.56329345703125,59.130510792073984],[-134.67933654785156,59.191757369765085],[-134.70130920410156,59.24973478117606],[-134.95742797851562,59.279914277804906],[-135.02883911132812,59.34649517787861],[-134.9897003173828,59.3877798237848],[-135.10093688964844,59.42622028594434],[-135.07827758789062,59.45275367774563],[-135.0274658203125,59.47473269180728],[-135.03021240234375,59.564245132658975],[-135.11810302734372,59.62367244601488],[-135.15586853027344,59.625061301654334],[-135.2190399169922,59.6632323288228],[-135.23345947265625,59.69650975428769],[-135.252685546875,59.69789559656873],[-135.36048889160156,59.73598378851403],[-135.4779052734375,59.79821644465919],[-135.94894409179688,59.6632323288228],[-136.1927032470703,59.63998787256213],[-136.34788513183594,59.60109549032134],[-136.25038146972656,59.56633207991906],[-136.24076843261716,59.55972296971678],[-136.24076843261716,59.52387204745182],[-136.3066864013672,59.46461714320982],[-136.36642456054688,59.4496126517294],[-136.47628784179688,59.46566371970234],[-136.46804809570312,59.28552611855346],[-136.49620056152344,59.27465233689575],[-136.4900207519531,59.26096748461385],[-136.5840911865234,59.166075318301345],[-136.8285369873047,59.16009179641602],[-136.8793487548828,59.13544273484683],[-137.28240966796875,59.0009698708429],[-137.449951171875,58.908900972391415],[-137.52548217773438,58.906418795609426],[-137.5000762939453,58.985760051467075],[-137.54127502441406,59.10478272378236],[-137.60787963867188,59.24376590151355],[-138.62617492675778,59.76746035005358],[-138.66600036621094,59.80961318716828],[-138.6797332763672,59.84481485969105],[-138.70582580566406,59.90650046741583],[-139.05258178710938,59.994179105518434],[-139.19952392578125,60.08950200748712],[-139.0711212158203,60.3187885497516],[-139.07386779785156,60.35243208301854],[-139.69253540039062,60.33544473468298],[-139.97955322265625,60.181818669034776],[-140.4595184326172,60.30858669066228],[-140.5199432373047,60.22003701633967],[-141.00128173828125,60.3058656567224],[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579],[-173.155517578125,60.69469537287745],[-173.15277099609375,60.64356945377967],[-173.08135986328125,60.61123754937553],[-173.04016113281247,60.58157148491742],[-173.08135986328125,60.53972302275651],[-173.089599609375,60.511343283202464],[-173.05938720703125,60.4788788301667],[-172.98248291015625,60.468050120874615],[-172.94677734374997,60.43689744859958],[-172.8424072265625,60.403001945865476],[-172.78472900390625,60.373144671593685],[-172.7105712890625,60.329667021005825],[-172.6611328125,60.3187885497516],[-172.5897216796875,60.309266913738156],[-172.49908447265625,60.31606836555203],[-172.4139404296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.35076904296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.30682373046872,60.29021531318375],[-172.2381591796875,60.29021531318375],[-172.17498779296875,60.30518536282736],[-172.2381591796875,60.333745513303114],[-172.34527587890625,60.378575303227215],[-172.364501953125,60.40164539086417],[-172.43041992187497,60.40571488624096],[-172.4798583984375,60.39757538658664],[-172.57598876953125,60.41249624776229],[-172.6556396484375,60.43689744859958],[-172.77374267578122,60.4788788301667],[-172.83416748046875,60.50052541051131],[-172.89459228515625,60.550527811064846],[-172.8863525390625,60.588316165776824],[-172.91656494140625,60.62606036274505],[-172.98797607421875,60.658377412327326],[-173.01544189453125,60.69469537287745],[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385],[-171.793212890625,63.82128765261384],[-171.80419921875,63.73147780336167],[-171.8426513671875,63.65601144183318],[-171.8865966796875,63.54365806976644],[-171.859130859375,63.42594585479083],[-171.7877197265625,63.34966546248425],[-171.62841796875,63.32501562217765],[-171.474609375,63.28306240110864],[-171.353759765625,63.29540792564745],[-171.2548828125,63.33980806067484],[-171.1395263671875,63.38413977217118],[-171.002197265625,63.389061297647125],[-170.760498046875,63.34966546248425],[-170.57373046875,63.32501562217765],[-170.41992187499997,63.27812271092345],[-170.343017578125,63.1989725264735],[-170.3594970703125,63.156835740093236],[-170.2496337890625,63.156835740093236],[-170.145263671875,63.156835740093236],[-170.0408935546875,63.14194929585152],[-169.9090576171875,63.087300267152735],[-169.8321533203125,63.03753005973634],[-169.7991943359375,62.990169510232555],[-169.8101806640625,62.95522304515911],[-169.74975585937497,62.922735326966595],[-169.617919921875,62.91523303947614],[-169.54650878906247,62.9502272814474],[-169.4915771484375,62.97270150065472],[-169.508056640625,62.99765260346662],[-169.4970703125,63.04251090966805],[-169.43664550781247,63.08978654472616],[-169.34326171874997,63.11712157280328],[-169.178466796875,63.13946747896222],[-169.1070556640625,63.14443090047572],[-168.958740234375,63.104699747121074],[-168.760986328125,63.112153479825004],[-168.67309570312497,63.203925767041305],[-168.662109375,63.26576978358972],[-168.7115478515625,63.3348780927218],[-168.92578125,63.366907787681754],[-169.07958984374997,63.366907787681754],[-169.25537109375,63.37183226679281],[-169.420166015625,63.376755901872734],[-169.5245361328125,63.389061297647125],[-169.6124267578125,63.43331707559086],[-169.705810546875,63.46278300222105],[-169.8211669921875,63.46523712749102],[-169.947509765625,63.48976680530999],[-170.0079345703125,63.59011870211632],[-170.0958251953125,63.658448979940175],[-170.2386474609375,63.704722429433225],[-170.4638671875,63.73390885572919],[-170.5902099609375,63.721751503619956],[-170.7659912109375,63.6779417467744],[-171.2164306640625,63.648697570849286],[-171.474609375,63.6779417467744],[-171.54052734375,63.75334975181205],[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725],[-170.3155517578125,57.043718234032625],[-170.22216796875,57.119841130872615],[-170.1947021484375,57.14518072479997],[-170.11505126953125,57.18985535714817],[-170.08209228515625,57.227042992549855],[-170.07110595703125,57.271618718194446],[-170.189208984375,57.23893512461504],[-170.2386474609375,57.22852971878346],[-170.32928466796875,57.22852971878346],[-170.3704833984375,57.22406936030381],[-170.49407958984375,57.20473490715757],[-170.41992187499997,57.12878649751151],[-170.364990234375,57.11387635258491],[-170.42266845703125,57.06910989239133],[-170.46112060546875,57.033257797376066],[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147],[-169.8211669921875,56.60486209416893],[-169.7991943359375,56.586716786451156],[-169.71405029296875,56.565536245992064],[-169.71405029296875,56.551913918713375],[-169.63165283203125,56.51707901932375],[-169.56024169921875,56.515563731608296],[-169.5025634765625,56.553427752820355],[-169.43115234375,56.58369172128337],[-169.43664550781247,56.626020608371924],[-169.56024169921875,56.63055303322322],[-169.6783447265625,56.62450967912138],[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147]]]}}]}","volume":"461","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cb5e4b08c986b31d492","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sawaya-Lacoste H.","contributorId":128436,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sawaya-Lacoste H.","id":536480,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, C. Jr.","contributorId":87681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Power, J.","contributorId":48699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022555,"text":"70022555 - 2000 - Global characteristics of stream flow seasonality and variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T17:50:10.704218","indexId":"70022555","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global characteristics of stream flow seasonality and variability","docAbstract":"Monthly stream flow series from 1345 sites around the world are used to characterize geographic differences in the seasonality and year-to-year variability of stream flow. Stream flow seasonality varies regionally, depending on the timing of maximum precipitation, evapotranspiration, and contributions from snow and ice. Lags between peaks of precipitation and stream flow vary smoothly from long delays in high-latitude and mountainous regions to short delays in the warmest sectors. Stream flow is most variable from year to year in dry regions of the southwest United States and Mexico, the Sahel, and southern continents, and it varies more (relatively) than precipitation in the same regions. Tropical rivers have the steadiest flows. El Niño variations are correlated with stream flow in many parts of the Americas, Europe, and Australia. Many stream flow series from North America, Europe, and the Tropics reflect North Pacific climate, whereas series from the eastern United States, Europe, and tropical South America and Africa reflect North Atlantic climate variations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0289:GCOSFS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., and Diaz, H.F., 2000, Global characteristics of stream flow seasonality and variability: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 1, no. 4, p. 289-310, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0289:GCOSFS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0289:gcosfs>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a293de4b0c8380cd5a7a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diaz, Henry F.","contributorId":68476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6341,"text":"pp1609 - 2000 - Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Upper Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone, Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T22:52:38.948613","indexId":"pp1609","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1609","title":"Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Upper Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone, Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"Conventional reservoir quality data for more than 300 wells provided by the Illinois and Indiana state geological surveys were analyzed to determine the factors governing porosity and permeability in the Upper Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone, an important hydrocarbon-producing unit in the Illinois Basin. In addition, approximately 150 samples of the Aux Vases Sandstone were collected for mineralogical and geochemical analysis to reconstruct the burial and diagenetic history and to establish the timing of diagenesis relative to the entrapment of hydrocarbons. One aspect of the study involved linking inorganic and organic diagenesis to late Paleozoic tectonism and hydrothermal fluid-flow events in the region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1609","usgsCitation":"Pitman, J.K., Henry, M.E., and Leetaru, H.E., 2000, Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Upper Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone, Illinois Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1609, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1609.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395962,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22656.htm"},{"id":33681,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1609/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1609/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -87.769775390625,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -87.769775390625,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 38.57393751557591\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dc38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":152545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Mitchell E.","contributorId":57447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leetaru, Hannes E.","contributorId":75909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leetaru","given":"Hannes","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6326,"text":"pp1605 - 2000 - Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T19:24:09.21735","indexId":"pp1605","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1605","title":"Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts?","docAbstract":"The surface morphology of the northern slope of the Brooks Range (North Slope) from the Canning River, Alaska, eastward is dominated by a series of large alluvial fans and braided streams floored by coarse alluvium. On the basis of our studies, we conclude that the fans are not prograding now nor have they been prograding at any time during the Holocene. During the latest transgression and the following sea-level highstand, the North Slope depositional environment and climate probably differed greatly from the present ones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1605","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., and Wolf, S.C., 2000, Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts? (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1605, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1605.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1605/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1605.gif"},{"id":279117,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1605/pp1605.pdf"},{"id":395908,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80743.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.75,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -139,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -139,\n 70.15\n ],\n [\n -146.75,\n 70.15\n ],\n [\n -146.75,\n 69.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Stephen C.","contributorId":38148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29597,"text":"wri004206 - 2000 - Potentiometric surfaces of aquifers in the Cockfield Formation in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox Group in southern and northeastern Arkansas, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-11T21:41:56.266764","indexId":"wri004206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4206","title":"Potentiometric surfaces of aquifers in the Cockfield Formation in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox Group in southern and northeastern Arkansas, 2000","docAbstract":"The Cockfield and lower Wilcox aquifers are sources of water for local use in southern and northeastern Arkansas, where in 1995 more than 51 million gallons per day of water was withdrawn. During January through April 2000, 54 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer, 13 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the lower Wilcox aquifer in southern Arkansas, and 43 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the lower Wilcox aquifer in northeastern Arkansas. The potentiometric surface data reveal spatial trends in both aquifers across the study areas.\r\n\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow of the Cockfield aquifer is generally toward the east and south, away from the outcrop area, except in areas of intense ground-water withdrawals. The configuration of the potentiometric surface indicates that heavy pumpage has probably altered or reversed the natural direction of flow in these areas. A potentiometric low caused by the pumpage near Greenville, Mississippi, extends into Chicot, Desha, and Drew Counties. Water levels in five wells showed average declines between 0.5 and 0.8 foot per year.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow in the lower Wilcox aquifers is generally east and south, away from the outcrop, except in areas of intense ground-water withdrawals. Potentiometric depressions, where flow is toward centers of pumping, indicate that heavy pumpage has probably altered or reversed the natural direction of flow. Two potentiometric depressions are centered in the vicinity of Paragould and West Memphis, Arkansas, where ground-water withdrawals probably have altered the natural direction of flow. Long-term hydrographs of seven wells show water-level declines in the lower Wilcox aquifer in northeastern Arkansas. The average water-level decline in two wells was between 0.8 and 1.0 foot per year and in five wells was between 1.2 and 1.8 foot per year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004206","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T.P., and Joseph, R.L., 2000, Potentiometric surfaces of aquifers in the Cockfield Formation in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox Group in southern and northeastern Arkansas, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4206, Report: iii, 22 p.; 3 Plates: 24.85 x 16.73 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004206.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 22 p.; 3 Plates: 24.85 x 16.73 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95770,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4206/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95769,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4206/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":481953,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34297.htm","text":"northeastern Arkansas","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481952,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34296.htm","text":"southern Arkansas","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95768,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4206/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95767,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-94.042964,33.019219],[-94.043428,33.551425],[-94.061896,33.549764],[-94.072156,33.553864],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.067985,33.560961],[-94.056442,33.560998],[-94.056096,33.567252],[-94.082641,33.575492],[-94.119902,33.566999],[-94.126898,33.550647],[-94.131382,33.552934],[-94.136046,33.571388],[-94.143402,33.565505],[-94.151456,33.568387],[-94.14216,33.58139],[-94.156782,33.575749],[-94.161277,33.579271],[-94.161082,33.587972],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.194465,33.582886],[-94.217198,33.580737],[-94.211329,33.573774],[-94.201106,33.575851],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.189884,33.562454],[-94.196395,33.555123],[-94.203594,33.566546],[-94.208078,33.566911],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.251108,33.56528],[-94.236836,33.580914],[-94.240179,33.589536],[-94.257801,33.582508],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.290372,33.567905],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.287025,33.58241],[-94.301023,33.573022],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.319492,33.548864],[-94.33059,33.552692],[-94.33438,33.562536],[-94.344023,33.567824],[-94.352433,33.562172],[-94.34729,33.552197],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.381667,33.544035],[-94.399393,33.557077],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.378561,33.571329],[-94.382887,33.583268],[-94.403342,33.568424],[-94.412175,33.568691],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.439518,33.594154],[-94.449112,33.590894],[-94.471152,33.601588],[-94.469451,33.607316],[-94.452325,33.618817],[-94.462736,33.63091],[-94.448451,33.634497],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.459198,33.645146],[-94.464186,33.637655],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.45753,34.642961],[-94.431215,35.39429],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-90.152481,36.497952],[-90.158568,36.491574],[-90.15946,36.481343],[-90.142269,36.472138],[-90.152888,36.47093],[-90.1557,36.466103],[-90.14153,36.462993],[-90.137323,36.455411],[-90.133993,36.437906],[-90.143798,36.428483],[-90.139499,36.421457],[-90.13559,36.422897],[-90.138653,36.414547],[-90.131038,36.415069],[-90.109495,36.404073],[-90.080426,36.400763],[-90.064514,36.382085],[-90.066297,36.3593],[-90.077695,36.348478],[-90.075572,36.33404],[-90.081961,36.322097],[-90.069266,36.313152],[-90.06398,36.303038],[-90.0778,36.288349],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.083731,36.272332],[-90.114922,36.265595],[-90.118219,36.253491],[-90.124476,36.244198],[-90.129716,36.243235],[-90.126366,36.229367],[-90.14224,36.227522],[-90.15614,36.213706],[-90.179695,36.208262],[-90.199905,36.196848],[-90.204449,36.18694],[-90.21128,36.183392],[-90.220425,36.184764],[-90.23537,36.159153],[-90.231386,36.147348],[-90.235585,36.139474],[-90.266256,36.120559],[-90.293109,36.114368],[-90.29991,36.098236],[-90.319168,36.089976],[-90.320746,36.071326],[-90.333261,36.067504],[-90.337146,36.047754],[-90.347908,36.041939],[-90.351732,36.025347],[-90.37789,35.995683],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-89.719168,35.985976],[-89.719679,35.970939],[-89.714565,35.963034],[-89.652279,35.921462],[-89.644838,35.904351],[-89.64727,35.89492],[-89.665672,35.883301],[-89.677012,35.88572],[-89.688141,35.896946],[-89.714934,35.906247],[-89.741241,35.906749],[-89.768743,35.886663],[-89.773564,35.871697],[-89.769413,35.861558],[-89.704351,35.835726],[-89.701045,35.828227],[-89.706085,35.81826],[-89.734044,35.806174],[-89.765442,35.811214],[-89.781793,35.805084],[-89.799331,35.788503],[-89.799249,35.775439],[-89.821216,35.756716],[-89.846343,35.755732],[-89.877256,35.741369],[-89.909996,35.759396],[-89.956254,35.733386],[-89.955753,35.690621],[-89.931036,35.660044],[-89.898916,35.650904],[-89.886979,35.653637],[-89.878534,35.66482],[-89.864782,35.670385],[-89.851176,35.657432],[-89.856619,35.634444],[-89.894346,35.615535],[-89.910687,35.617536],[-89.945405,35.601611],[-89.956749,35.590511],[-89.95669,35.581426],[-89.941393,35.556555],[-89.910789,35.547515],[-89.910885,35.541072],[-89.903882,35.534175],[-89.911931,35.51741],[-89.919331,35.51387],[-89.951248,35.521866],[-89.956347,35.525594],[-89.958498,35.541703],[-89.989363,35.560043],[-90.02862,35.555249],[-90.039744,35.548041],[-90.050277,35.515275],[-90.043517,35.492298],[-90.018842,35.464816],[-90.031584,35.427662],[-90.04057,35.422925],[-90.056644,35.403786],[-90.041563,35.39662],[-90.044856,35.392964],[-90.054451,35.38965],[-90.069283,35.408306],[-90.062018,35.41518],[-90.070549,35.423291],[-90.074082,35.433983],[-90.067138,35.464833],[-90.085009,35.478835],[-90.107723,35.476935],[-90.114412,35.472467],[-90.129448,35.441931],[-90.169002,35.421853],[-90.179265,35.385194],[-90.166246,35.374745],[-90.13551,35.376668],[-90.146191,35.399468],[-90.143448,35.406671],[-90.130475,35.413745],[-90.112504,35.410153],[-90.09665,35.395257],[-90.074992,35.384152],[-90.087903,35.36327],[-90.110293,35.342786],[-90.103862,35.332405],[-90.109093,35.304987],[-90.139504,35.298828],[-90.149794,35.303288],[-90.158913,35.300637],[-90.168794,35.279088],[-90.152094,35.255989],[-90.140394,35.252289],[-90.105093,35.254288],[-90.07875,35.227806],[-90.074155,35.21707],[-90.07682,35.208817],[-90.088597,35.212376],[-90.096466,35.194848],[-90.116182,35.198498],[-90.117542,35.19057],[-90.092944,35.157228],[-90.066958,35.151839],[-90.065392,35.137691],[-90.08342,35.12167],[-90.100593,35.116691],[-90.142794,35.135091],[-90.165328,35.125228],[-90.176843,35.112088],[-90.181387,35.091401],[-90.195133,35.061793],[-90.196095,35.0374],[-90.209397,35.026546],[-90.256495,35.034493],[-90.263796,35.039593],[-90.295596,35.040093],[-90.309877,35.00975],[-90.309297,34.995694],[-90.296422,34.976346],[-90.250056,34.951196],[-90.244476,34.937596],[-90.244725,34.921031],[-90.250095,34.90732],[-90.313476,34.871698],[-90.302523,34.856471],[-90.307384,34.846195],[-90.323067,34.846391],[-90.34038,34.860357],[-90.414864,34.831846],[-90.428754,34.8414],[-90.430096,34.871212],[-90.436561,34.882731],[-90.459819,34.891946],[-90.479872,34.883264],[-90.483969,34.877176],[-90.483876,34.861333],[-90.456935,34.823383],[-90.47459,34.7932],[-90.453038,34.753352],[-90.452479,34.739898],[-90.469897,34.72703],[-90.488865,34.723731],[-90.501667,34.724236],[-90.518317,34.73279],[-90.520556,34.753388],[-90.505494,34.764568],[-90.501523,34.774795],[-90.514706,34.801768],[-90.522892,34.802265],[-90.53651,34.798572],[-90.544067,34.791159],[-90.54817,34.78189],[-90.542631,34.764396],[-90.543811,34.749277],[-90.563544,34.738671],[-90.568172,34.727384],[-90.565646,34.721053],[-90.538974,34.698783],[-90.471185,34.699066],[-90.462552,34.687576],[-90.466041,34.674312],[-90.5081,34.636682],[-90.532188,34.627487],[-90.547614,34.631656],[-90.554129,34.640871],[-90.552642,34.659707],[-90.539409,34.670902],[-90.538856,34.682463],[-90.549856,34.695478],[-90.555627,34.697946],[-90.567334,34.693371],[-90.588419,34.670963],[-90.583088,34.64361],[-90.587224,34.615732],[-90.570133,34.587457],[-90.545891,34.563257],[-90.540736,34.548085],[-90.545728,34.53775],[-90.578493,34.516296],[-90.588942,34.491097],[-90.585477,34.461247],[-90.56733,34.440383],[-90.566505,34.429528],[-90.571145,34.420319],[-90.613944,34.390723],[-90.658542,34.375705],[-90.655346,34.371846],[-90.666788,34.35582],[-90.666862,34.348569],[-90.657488,34.322231],[-90.661395,34.315398],[-90.669343,34.31302],[-90.686003,34.315771],[-90.693129,34.32257],[-90.691551,34.338618],[-90.68162,34.35291],[-90.683222,34.368817],[-90.712088,34.363805],[-90.750107,34.367919],[-90.765764,34.362109],[-90.767732,34.346872],[-90.744713,34.324872],[-90.74061,34.313469],[-90.743082,34.302257],[-90.765165,34.280524],[-90.802928,34.282465],[-90.828267,34.27365],[-90.836972,34.250104],[-90.840009,34.223077],[-90.847808,34.20653],[-90.87912,34.21545],[-90.89456,34.22438],[-90.905934,34.243529],[-90.929015,34.244541],[-90.936404,34.236698],[-90.93522,34.21905],[-90.916048,34.196916],[-90.887884,34.18198],[-90.8556,34.18688],[-90.816572,34.183023],[-90.808685,34.175878],[-90.810884,34.155903],[-90.825708,34.142011],[-90.847168,34.136884],[-90.86458,34.140555],[-90.894385,34.160953],[-90.91001,34.165508],[-90.9543,34.138498],[-90.958467,34.125105],[-90.946323,34.109374],[-90.918395,34.093054],[-90.882628,34.096615],[-90.870461,34.082739],[-90.887837,34.055403],[-90.886991,34.035094],[-90.89242,34.02686],[-90.942662,34.01805],[-90.970726,34.02162],[-90.987948,34.019038],[-90.979945,34.000106],[-90.961548,33.979945],[-90.967632,33.963324],[-90.983359,33.960186],[-91.000108,33.966428],[-91.01889,34.003151],[-91.042751,33.986811],[-91.075378,33.983586],[-91.087921,33.975335],[-91.089787,33.966004],[-91.084095,33.956179],[-91.035961,33.943758],[-91.010318,33.929352],[-91.026382,33.90798],[-91.070883,33.866714],[-91.073011,33.857449],[-91.067511,33.840443],[-91.046849,33.815365],[-91.000107,33.799549],[-90.988466,33.78453],[-91.000106,33.769165],[-91.023285,33.762991],[-91.053886,33.778701],[-91.107318,33.770619],[-91.123466,33.782106],[-91.132185,33.78342],[-91.145112,33.76734],[-91.141304,33.760835],[-91.146618,33.732456],[-91.132338,33.714246],[-91.117733,33.705342],[-91.101101,33.705007],[-91.06829,33.716477],[-91.059891,33.714816],[-91.046778,33.706313],[-91.03612,33.689113],[-91.030402,33.687766],[-91.03146,33.678142],[-91.046412,33.668272],[-91.078507,33.658283],[-91.09404,33.658351],[-91.13045,33.674522],[-91.160866,33.707096],[-91.212077,33.698249],[-91.225279,33.687749],[-91.229015,33.677543],[-91.219048,33.661503],[-91.178311,33.651109],[-91.139209,33.625658],[-91.130445,33.606034],[-91.134043,33.594489],[-91.152148,33.582721],[-91.175979,33.582968],[-91.198285,33.572061],[-91.224121,33.567369],[-91.230858,33.561372],[-91.232295,33.552788],[-91.219297,33.532364],[-91.187367,33.510552],[-91.182901,33.502379],[-91.206753,33.470308],[-91.231661,33.4571],[-91.235928,33.440611],[-91.206807,33.433846],[-91.177293,33.443638],[-91.16936,33.452629],[-91.177148,33.48617],[-91.167403,33.498304],[-91.125109,33.472842],[-91.117975,33.453807],[-91.131885,33.430063],[-91.17628,33.416979],[-91.199354,33.418321],[-91.209032,33.403633],[-91.171968,33.38103],[-91.140938,33.380477],[-91.113764,33.393124],[-91.099277,33.408244],[-91.095211,33.417488],[-91.096723,33.437603],[-91.086498,33.451576],[-91.067623,33.455104],[-91.057621,33.445341],[-91.058152,33.428705],[-91.075293,33.405966],[-91.101456,33.38719],[-91.120409,33.363809],[-91.142219,33.348989],[-91.141615,33.299539],[-91.125539,33.280255],[-91.128078,33.268502],[-91.118208,33.262071],[-91.106142,33.241799],[-91.1001,33.238125],[-91.096931,33.241628],[-91.086137,33.273652],[-91.07853,33.283306],[-91.067035,33.28718],[-91.052369,33.285415],[-91.043624,33.274636],[-91.050407,33.251202],[-91.070697,33.227302],[-91.091711,33.220813],[-91.084366,33.180856],[-91.089862,33.139655],[-91.104317,33.131598],[-91.131659,33.129101],[-91.150362,33.130695],[-91.160298,33.141216],[-91.183662,33.141691],[-91.193174,33.136734],[-91.20178,33.125121],[-91.200167,33.10693],[-91.180836,33.098364],[-91.171514,33.087818],[-91.149823,33.081603],[-91.121195,33.059166],[-91.129088,33.033554],[-91.162363,33.019684],[-91.166073,33.004106],[-93.081428,33.017928],[-94.042964,33.019219]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arkansas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a32a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42963,"text":"ofr9920C - 2000 - Stratigraphic sections and equivalent uranium (eU), Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of Permian Phosphoria Formation, east-central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T21:14:39.107965","indexId":"ofr9920C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-20","chapter":"C","title":"Stratigraphic sections and equivalent uranium (eU), Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of Permian Phosphoria Formation, east-central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou County, Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9920C","usgsCitation":"Tysdal, R.G., Grauch, R., Desborough, G.A., and Herring, J., 2000, Stratigraphic sections and equivalent uranium (eU), Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of Permian Phosphoria Formation, east-central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-20, 1 Plate: 35.00 x 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9920C.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.00 x 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19723,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0020c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":403017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_28488.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Caribou County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-112.0596,43.0251],[-111.9449,43.0238],[-111.9092,43.0236],[-111.8885,43.0231],[-111.8497,43.0224],[-111.8284,43.0224],[-111.8064,43.0224],[-111.7312,43.0222],[-111.7093,43.0222],[-111.7005,43.022],[-111.6905,43.0222],[-111.671,43.0223],[-111.5908,43.0228],[-111.5281,43.0227],[-111.5005,43.0226],[-111.4917,43.0224],[-111.4679,43.0227],[-111.424,43.0226],[-111.3958,43.0229],[-111.3644,43.023],[-111.3544,43.0228],[-111.3551,43.0219],[-111.3388,43.0219],[-111.2353,43.0226],[-111.2353,43.0212],[-111.0993,43.02],[-111.0655,43.0196],[-111.0441,43.02],[-111.0441,43.0182],[-111.0445,42.9263],[-111.0445,42.847],[-111.0445,42.8412],[-111.0446,42.818],[-111.0446,42.7889],[-111.0455,42.7352],[-111.0459,42.7056],[-111.0465,42.6515],[-111.0468,42.612],[-111.0469,42.5137],[-111.0475,42.5136],[-111.052,42.5125],[-111.0645,42.5101],[-111.0654,42.506],[-111.0637,42.5023],[-111.0657,42.4988],[-111.0709,42.4944],[-111.0772,42.4932],[-111.0828,42.4924],[-111.104,42.4911],[-111.1232,42.4821],[-111.1403,42.4875],[-111.1538,42.4887],[-111.1557,42.491],[-111.1584,42.49],[-111.1607,42.4768],[-111.1685,42.4758],[-111.1696,42.4769],[-111.1802,42.4761],[-111.1936,42.481],[-111.2047,42.481],[-111.2103,42.4807],[-111.2148,42.4794],[-111.2203,42.4796],[-111.2241,42.4788],[-111.2285,42.4789],[-111.2365,42.48],[-111.2406,42.4851],[-111.2423,42.4892],[-111.2429,42.4897],[-111.2445,42.4927],[-111.2475,42.4954],[-111.2482,42.4999],[-111.2474,42.5026],[-111.244,42.5036],[-111.2366,42.5078],[-111.2308,42.5325],[-111.2295,42.5362],[-111.2279,42.5434],[-111.227,42.5493],[-111.227,42.5496],[-111.2214,42.5719],[-111.2299,42.5747],[-111.2293,42.5798],[-111.2336,42.5794],[-111.2396,42.5855],[-111.2386,42.5899],[-111.2417,42.5918],[-111.2404,42.6025],[-111.2459,42.6033],[-111.2534,42.5879],[-111.2568,42.5855],[-111.2638,42.5757],[-111.269,42.5695],[-111.2723,42.5664],[-111.277,42.5588],[-111.2791,42.5552],[-111.2804,42.5536],[-111.2852,42.5558],[-111.2914,42.5568],[-111.2969,42.5602],[-111.3025,42.5607],[-111.3105,42.5609],[-111.3184,42.5611],[-111.335,42.5672],[-111.3409,42.5722],[-111.3393,42.5861],[-111.3544,42.5864],[-111.3616,42.5895],[-111.4083,42.5897],[-111.4612,42.5909],[-111.4886,42.5915],[-111.6031,42.5911],[-111.6053,42.5872],[-111.6156,42.5842],[-111.6158,42.5773],[-111.627,42.5758],[-111.6335,42.5704],[-111.6331,42.5684],[-111.6342,42.5662],[-111.6332,42.5607],[-111.6287,42.5549],[-111.6293,42.5518],[-111.6286,42.5506],[-111.6278,42.5401],[-111.6194,42.5336],[-111.6201,42.53],[-111.6228,42.5255],[-111.6237,42.5246],[-111.6227,42.5222],[-111.6208,42.518],[-111.6173,42.5145],[-111.6117,42.5127],[-111.6086,42.5089],[-111.6046,42.4964],[-111.5972,42.4824],[-111.5921,42.4642],[-111.5808,42.4461],[-111.5828,42.4371],[-111.579,42.4295],[-111.5854,42.425],[-111.595,42.4246],[-111.5983,42.4153],[-111.7098,42.4159],[-111.71,42.4311],[-111.7411,42.4312],[-111.7417,42.4162],[-111.8013,42.417],[-111.8206,42.417],[-111.8398,42.4174],[-111.8809,42.4168],[-111.881,42.4464],[-111.8806,42.49],[-111.8974,42.4903],[-111.8974,42.5053],[-111.8977,42.5313],[-111.9158,42.5312],[-111.9152,42.5457],[-111.9153,42.5602],[-111.9144,42.6025],[-111.9151,42.6166],[-111.9152,42.6312],[-111.9276,42.631],[-111.9482,42.6309],[-111.9485,42.675],[-111.9516,42.6751],[-111.9628,42.6753],[-111.9582,42.6816],[-111.956,42.6902],[-111.9612,42.703],[-111.9647,42.7085],[-111.9689,42.7136],[-111.97,42.7168],[-111.9718,42.7182],[-111.993,42.7186],[-112.0092,42.7189],[-112.0305,42.7193],[-112.0592,42.719],[-112.0804,42.7007],[-112.0907,42.6932],[-112.1042,42.6989],[-112.1108,42.7072],[-112.113,42.715],[-112.1139,42.7236],[-112.115,42.7291],[-112.1216,42.7365],[-112.1338,42.7454],[-112.1348,42.7531],[-112.1377,42.7604],[-112.1368,42.7668],[-112.1366,42.7727],[-112.1388,42.7823],[-112.1423,42.7878],[-112.142,42.7978],[-112.1393,42.805],[-112.1277,42.813],[-112.1233,42.8157],[-112.1224,42.822],[-112.1222,42.8284],[-112.1363,42.8564],[-112.1369,42.8727],[-112.1385,42.881],[-112.1409,42.886],[-112.1425,42.8924],[-112.137,42.906],[-112.1347,42.9187],[-112.1356,42.93],[-112.133,42.9336],[-112.1296,42.9408],[-112.127,42.944],[-112.12,42.9475],[-112.1118,42.9482],[-112.1042,42.9499],[-112.0973,42.9521],[-112.0933,42.9579],[-112.0906,42.9642],[-112.088,42.9678],[-112.0853,42.9728],[-112.0801,42.9781],[-112.0693,42.982],[-112.0586,42.9832],[-112.0541,42.9854],[-112.0503,42.9867],[-112.049,42.9894],[-112.0482,42.9944],[-112.0485,43.0021],[-112.0596,43.0251]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Caribou\",\"state\":\"ID\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tysdal, Russell G.","contributorId":1700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":227492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herring, J. R.","contributorId":43348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30017,"text":"wri004194 - 2000 - Fish communities and their relation to environmental factors in the eastern Iowa basins in Iowa and Minnesota, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T15:07:29","indexId":"wri004194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4194","title":"Fish communities and their relation to environmental factors in the eastern Iowa basins in Iowa and Minnesota, 1996","docAbstract":"Fish community data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at 12 sites in 1996 in the Wapsipinicon, the Cedar, the Iowa, and the Skunk River Basins in eastern Iowa. The study was done as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the USGS. This report presents an evaluation of the fish communities, the composition and conditions of the fish communities,and by relating these compositions and conditions to a variety of habitat and water-quality factors.
\nA total of 56 fish species representing 13 families were collected from among the 12 sites in 1996. The family with the most species represented were the minnows with 20. The number of individuals of all species collected in one sampling pass ranged from 472 at the Iowa River near Rowan to 2,072 at Wolf Creek near Dysart. Fish community composition was similar among many of the stream sites. The fish community at 4 of the 5 stream sites, as well as at 2 of the large-river sites, was similar to the reference site, the Wapsinicon River near Tripoli, an indication that fish communities across the study unit are similar. The sites that were the least similar to any of the other sites include Flood Creek, a stream site, and the Skunk River at Augusta large-river site. The fish communities at both of these sites were dominated by relatively few species, many of which are tolerant or represent degraded environmental conditions.
\nBiplots of detrended correspondence analysis ordinations indicate a gradient from the stream sites to the large-river sites. The detrended correspondence analysis ordination also indicates that the stream sites are more closely clustered than the large-river sites. The large-river sites were more likely to have their ordination driven by one or two dominant species, while several species occurred in similar relative abundance at many of the stream sites.
\nSeveral indexes of biotic integrity (IBI) based on fish community were applied to the data
and results were generally comparable. In general, the IBIs indicate higher biotic integrity at the stream sites than the large-river sites. Based on IBI classifications, fish communities at most sites were degraded compared to reference conditions. The fish communities at the 12 study sites appear to be related to a number of environmental factors. Obvious differences in fish communities occur between the stream sites and the large-river sites, the result of differences in both physical and chemical characteristics of the streams. Important physical factors related to fish communities included several directly related to stream size as well as human population density and percent of rowcrops in the watershed. Chemical factors that were important included median total phosphorus, suspended-sediment, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations.
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Description of the study area
Study design and methods
Study design
Data-collection methods
Data-analysis methods
Fish communities of stream sites in Eastern Iowa Basins
Fish community composition
Fish community conditions
Relations between fish community composition and conditions and environmental factors
Summary and conclusions
References cited
The Pheasant Branch watershed in Dane County is expected to undergo development. There are concerns that this development will adversely affect water resources, including Frederick Springs, a large spring complex in the watershed. The spring's recharge area was delineated using a telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) model constructed from an existing regional-scale ground-water flow model, and further refined by adding nearby surface-water features, a refined recharge array based on a surface-water model, and increasing the vertical leakage between the deep aquifers. This TMR model was formally optimized using the parameter estimation code UCODE. The results of optimization demonstrated that the best fit to measured heads and fluxes was obtained by using a horizontal hydraulic conductivity two times that of the original regional model for layer 2 and 80 percent smaller for layer 3. This range of parameter values was formally considered using a stochastic Monte Carlo approach.
\nTwo-hundred model runs used uniformly distributed, randomly sampled, horizontal hydraulic conductivity values within the range given by the TMR optimized values and the previously constructed regional model. A probability distribution of particles captured by the spring, or a probabilistic capture zone' was calculated from the realistic Monte Carlo results (136 runs of 200). In addition to portions of the local surface watershed, the capture zone encompassed distant areas in the North Fork of the Pheasant Branch watershed and areas entirely outside of the Pheasant Branch - demonstrating that the ground-watershed and surface watershed do not coincide.
\nAnalysis of samples from the springs and a nearby municipal well identified large contrasts in chemistry, even for springs within 50 feet of one another. The differences were stable over time, were present in both ion and isotope analyses, and showed a distinct gradation from high nitrate, high calcium, Ordovician-carbonate dominated water in western spring vents to low nitrate, lower calcium, Cambrian-sandstone influenced water in eastern spring vents. The difference in chemistry was attributed to distinctive bedrock geology as demonstrated by overlaying the 50 percent probability capture zone over a bedrock geology map for the area. This finding gives additional confidence to the capture zone calculated by the ground-water flow model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004172","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Middleton, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Steuer, J.J., 2000, Simulation of the recharge area for Frederick Springs, Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4172, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004172.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56639,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2149,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir-00-4172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","otherGeospatial":"Frederick Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.59796905517578,\n 43.021466606767234\n ],\n [\n -89.59796905517578,\n 43.14984543526719\n ],\n [\n -89.48501586914062,\n 43.14984543526719\n ],\n [\n -89.48501586914062,\n 43.021466606767234\n ],\n [\n -89.59796905517578,\n 43.021466606767234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1fdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57259,"text":"wdrNY991 - 2000 - Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1999, Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T11:10:46","indexId":"wdrNY991","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-99-1","title":"Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1999, Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1999 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 137 gaging stations; stage only at 11 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 39 gaging stations; and water levels at 5 observation wells. Also included are data for 32 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figure 8. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY991","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Butch, G.K., Murray, P.M., Suro, T.P., and Weigel, J.F., 2000, Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1999, Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-99-1, xx, 474 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY991.","productDescription":"xx, 474 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363757,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1999/ny-99-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1999/ny-99-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butch, Gerard K. gkbutch@usgs.gov","contributorId":914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"Gerard","email":"gkbutch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":762705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Patricia M. pmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":4863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Patricia","email":"pmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":762706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suro, Thomas P. 0000-0002-9476-6829 tsuro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6829","contributorId":2841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suro","given":"Thomas","email":"tsuro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weigel, Jay F.","contributorId":19560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50348,"text":"ofr00251 - 2000 - Water-Resources Investigations in Wisconsin, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T13:58:24","indexId":"ofr00251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-251","title":"Water-Resources Investigations in Wisconsin, 2000","docAbstract":"The statewide average precipitation of 36.00 inches for the 1999 water year was 4.35 inches greater than the normal annual precipitation of 31.65 inches for water years 1961-90. Average precipitation values ranged from 83 percent of normal at both the Rosholt 9 NNE weather station in north central Wisconsin and Shawano 2 SSW WWTP weather station in northeast Wisconsin to 155 percent of normal at the Solon Springs weather station in northwestern Wisconsin (from tables provided by JoAnne Kruepke, UW-Extension, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, written commun., 2000).
\nRunoff differed for rivers throughout the State and ranged from 46 percent in east central Wisconsin to 157 percent in south central Wisconsin. Runoff was lowest (46 percent of the average annual runoff from 1989-99) for the Duck Creek near Oneida station and highest (157 percent of the average annual runoff from 1949-69, 1988-99) for the South Branch Rock River at Waupun station in south central Wisconsin. Departures of runoff in the 1999 water year as a percent of long-term average runoff in the State (determined using stations with drainage areas greater than 150 square miles and at least 20 years of record) are shown in Figure 4.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00251","usgsCitation":"Maertz, D.E., 2000, Water-Resources Investigations in Wisconsin, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-251, v, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00251.","productDescription":"v, 117 p.","numberOfPages":"137","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86314,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-90.403306,47.026693],[-90.411972,47.014958],[-90.425351,47.007526],[-90.464079,46.994636],[-90.465465,47.002593],[-90.457688,47.012484],[-90.4553,47.02375],[-90.455502,47.051331],[-90.449572,47.064965],[-90.438734,47.072557],[-90.417272,47.07757],[-90.395367,47.077175],[-90.393342,47.066204],[-90.403306,47.026693]]],[[[-90.730883,46.873096],[-90.677989,46.897527],[-90.667776,46.890037],[-90.675239,46.881029],[-90.718547,46.864531],[-90.745356,46.83566],[-90.756052,46.830595],[-90.760991,46.838277],[-90.749816,46.861806],[-90.730883,46.873096]]],[[[-90.764857,46.946524],[-90.741417,46.9636],[-90.71511,46.957332],[-90.694487,46.93671],[-90.689302,46.918563],[-90.737107,46.914712],[-90.764857,46.946524]]],[[[-90.568938,46.847391],[-90.58505,46.839789],[-90.613569,46.837958],[-90.673838,46.819684],[-90.683356,46.813275],[-90.685753,46.805003],[-90.652916,46.797755],[-90.65892,46.7885],[-90.696465,46.78204],[-90.716456,46.785418],[-90.7625,46.755547],[-90.787751,46.753301],[-90.783086,46.772939],[-90.790965,46.781373],[-90.790231,46.786103],[-90.733231,46.800183],[-90.720932,46.815897],[-90.656946,46.843476],[-90.622048,46.872872],[-90.602619,46.872715],[-90.568938,46.847391]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.528182,46.968396],[-90.508157,46.956836],[-90.524018,46.935714],[-90.539947,46.92785],[-90.543852,46.918289],[-90.549104,46.915461],[-90.569169,46.920309],[-90.637124,46.906724],[-90.64412,46.908373],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.634507,46.942944],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-87.335299,45.211327],[-87.331962,45.199251],[-87.33622,45.173174],[-87.327284,45.157363],[-87.376777,45.177298],[-87.375403,45.199296],[-87.335299,45.211327]]],[[[-90.962901,46.962028],[-90.980316,46.971578],[-90.98222,46.985417],[-90.949383,46.991208],[-90.939866,47.001321],[-90.928563,47.000726],[-90.923764,46.987928],[-90.932132,46.962655],[-90.962901,46.962028]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.688544,47.043347],[-90.643623,47.041177],[-90.608824,47.007558],[-90.560936,47.037013],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.552867,46.999686],[-90.609715,46.991208],[-90.634105,46.970983],[-90.671581,46.948973],[-90.712032,46.98526],[-90.767985,47.002327],[-90.776921,47.024324],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-87.405658,44.860098],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.385396,44.889964],[-87.406199,44.90449],[-87.393752,44.933751],[-87.374805,44.956631],[-87.360288,44.987643],[-87.322117,45.034201],[-87.264877,45.081361],[-87.257449,45.121644],[-87.240813,45.137559],[-87.242924,45.149377],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-87.224065,45.174551],[-87.21437,45.165735],[-87.195876,45.163201],[-87.17517,45.173],[-87.163169,45.185331],[-87.13303,45.192843],[-87.119972,45.191103],[-87.122708,45.221786],[-87.109541,45.255397],[-87.078316,45.265723],[-87.071035,45.280355],[-87.057627,45.292838],[-87.0517,45.285888],[-87.043895,45.284767],[-87.017036,45.299254],[-86.994112,45.298061],[-86.97778,45.290684],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-86.984938,45.259036],[-86.983066,45.250764],[-86.973287,45.246381],[-86.985973,45.215872],[-87.002806,45.211773],[-87.00754,45.222127],[-87.032521,45.222274],[-87.040909,45.211535],[-87.045242,45.158798],[-87.030225,45.147382],[-87.03292,45.141963],[-87.045748,45.134987],[-87.054282,45.120074],[-87.049346,45.110122],[-87.048213,45.089124],[-87.057415,45.087472],[-87.064864,45.078427],[-87.079552,45.070783],[-87.081866,45.059103],[-87.090849,45.055465],[-87.121156,45.058311],[-87.139384,45.012565],[-87.163477,45.004913],[-87.189134,44.969078],[-87.188399,44.94856],[-87.17524,44.939753],[-87.1717,44.931476],[-87.204238,44.916819],[-87.215808,44.906744],[-87.217171,44.898013],[-87.206285,44.885928],[-87.204815,44.877199],[-87.267061,44.847025],[-87.282561,44.814729],[-87.304824,44.804603],[-87.313363,44.794237],[-87.320397,44.784963],[-87.319903,44.769672],[-87.353789,44.701915],[-87.401629,44.631191],[-87.437751,44.604559],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.483696,44.511354],[-87.490024,44.477224],[-87.498662,44.460686],[-87.506362,44.423804],[-87.517965,44.394356],[-87.517597,44.375696],[-87.533583,44.351111],[-87.545382,44.321385],[-87.541382,44.294018],[-87.508457,44.229755],[-87.507419,44.210803],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.51966,44.17987],[-87.53994,44.15969],[-87.563181,44.144195],[-87.603572,44.13039],[-87.6458,44.105222],[-87.654935,44.082552],[-87.656062,44.051919],[-87.683361,44.020139],[-87.695053,43.990715],[-87.69892,43.965936],[-87.71817,43.939498],[-87.735436,43.882219],[-87.728698,43.852524],[-87.726408,43.810454],[-87.700251,43.76735],[-87.702985,43.749695],[-87.709885,43.735795],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.789105,43.564844],[-87.797608,43.52731],[-87.793239,43.492783],[-87.807799,43.461136],[-87.855608,43.405441],[-87.872504,43.380178],[-87.882392,43.352099],[-87.889207,43.307652],[-87.901847,43.284117],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.896286,43.197108],[-87.881085,43.170609],[-87.900285,43.13731],[-87.900496,43.126],[-87.893185,43.114011],[-87.876084,43.099011],[-87.866487,43.074419],[-87.870184,43.064412],[-87.894813,43.042497],[-87.898184,43.030689],[-87.896157,43.017486],[-87.887789,43.000715],[-87.857182,42.978015],[-87.845181,42.962015],[-87.842786,42.944865],[-87.847745,42.889595],[-87.824,42.836649],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.781949,42.74857],[-87.778824,42.728432],[-87.783489,42.705164],[-87.802377,42.676651],[-87.814674,42.64402],[-87.819407,42.617327],[-87.819374,42.60662],[-87.810873,42.58732],[-87.812273,42.52982],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-89.690088,42.505191],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.636727,42.518702],[-90.645627,42.5441],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.685487,42.589614],[-90.693999,42.614509],[-90.709204,42.636078],[-90.769495,42.651443],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.921155,42.685406],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.053733,42.738238],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.078097,42.806526],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.091402,42.84986],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.115512,42.894672],[-91.14556,42.90798],[-91.144315,42.926592],[-91.149784,42.940244],[-91.14655,42.963345],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.15749,42.991475],[-91.174692,43.038713],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.175193,43.103771],[-91.177932,43.128875],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.059684,43.248566],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.072649,43.262129],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.137343,43.329757],[-91.181115,43.345926],[-91.201847,43.349103],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.19767,43.395334],[-91.203144,43.419805],[-91.22875,43.445537],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.217353,43.512474],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.24382,43.54913],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.231865,43.581822],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.268457,43.627352],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.270767,43.65308],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.243955,43.773046],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.277695,43.837741],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.346271,43.910074],[-91.356741,43.916564],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.406011,43.963929],[-91.43738,43.999962],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.478498,44.00803],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.580019,44.026925],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.707491,44.103906],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.774486,44.147539],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.817302,44.164235],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.875158,44.200575],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.895652,44.273008],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.9636,44.362112],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.431101,44.565786],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.54806,44.567792],[-92.55151,44.571607],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.577148,44.605054],[-92.584711,44.599861],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.807317,44.750364],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.766102,44.834966],[-92.76909,44.861997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.800851,45.069477],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.746749,45.107051],[-92.739528,45.116515],[-92.745694,45.123112],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.752542,45.171772],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.703705,45.35633],[-92.679193,45.37271],[-92.669505,45.389111],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.652698,45.454527],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.785741,45.567888],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.888035,45.624959],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.870145,45.696757],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.739991,45.846283],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.712503,45.891705],[-92.676607,45.90637],[-92.676807,45.91093],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.639116,45.924555],[-92.640115,45.932478],[-92.636316,45.934634],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.551933,45.951651],[-92.549806,45.967986],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.46126,45.979427],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.344244,46.02743],[-92.343604,46.040917],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.292192,46.666042],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.228492,46.652941],[-92.216392,46.649841],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.202292,46.655041],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.198491,46.696141],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.205692,46.702541],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.108777,46.749105],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.007989,46.705039],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-91.886963,46.690211],[-91.820027,46.690176],[-91.790473,46.694624],[-91.74965,46.709129],[-91.646146,46.734575],[-91.590684,46.754331],[-91.511077,46.757453],[-91.489125,46.766997],[-91.44957,46.773252],[-91.411799,46.78964],[-91.369387,46.793745],[-91.33825,46.817704],[-91.315061,46.826729],[-91.256873,46.836833],[-91.226796,46.86361],[-91.207524,46.865835],[-91.200107,46.854017],[-91.178292,46.844259],[-91.168297,46.844727],[-91.140301,46.873105],[-91.133337,46.870341],[-91.134977,46.859023],[-91.107323,46.857469],[-91.096565,46.86153],[-91.090916,46.88267],[-91.080951,46.883609],[-91.069331,46.878772],[-91.052991,46.881325],[-91.03989,46.88923],[-91.034518,46.903053],[-91.019141,46.911502],[-90.995149,46.917577],[-90.968419,46.94391],[-90.92204,46.931372],[-90.914044,46.933346],[-90.908654,46.941221],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.838814,46.957728],[-90.786595,46.927019],[-90.75563,46.899247],[-90.751151,46.887863],[-90.77017,46.876296],[-90.798545,46.823922],[-90.825696,46.803858],[-90.835008,46.790366],[-90.854916,46.788952],[-90.863542,46.780565],[-90.859724,46.774433],[-90.862333,46.768135],[-90.885021,46.756341],[-90.870396,46.723293],[-90.853225,46.70028],[-90.853644,46.694464],[-90.870079,46.679449],[-90.914619,46.659054],[-90.924487,46.625417],[-90.93831,46.608768],[-90.951418,46.600774],[-90.942101,46.588573],[-90.906058,46.58343],[-90.873154,46.601223],[-90.794775,46.624941],[-90.770192,46.636127],[-90.755381,46.646225],[-90.756495,46.664591],[-90.74809,46.669817],[-90.73726,46.692267],[-90.627885,46.623839],[-90.558141,46.586384],[-90.538346,46.581182],[-90.505909,46.589614],[-90.437596,46.561492],[-90.418136,46.566094],[-90.39332,46.532615],[-90.369964,46.540549],[-90.350121,46.537337],[-90.344338,46.552087],[-90.331887,46.553278],[-90.326686,46.54615],[-90.320428,46.546287],[-90.310859,46.539365],[-90.316983,46.517319],[-90.285707,46.518846],[-90.277131,46.524487],[-90.272599,46.521127],[-90.274721,46.515416],[-90.270684,46.508237],[-90.263018,46.502777],[-90.231587,46.509842],[-90.230324,46.501732],[-90.216594,46.501759],[-90.204009,46.478175],[-90.188996,46.469015],[-90.193294,46.463143],[-90.180336,46.456746],[-90.17786,46.440548],[-90.166919,46.439851],[-90.158603,46.422656],[-90.157851,46.409291],[-90.144359,46.390255],[-90.13225,46.381249],[-90.133871,46.371828],[-90.116844,46.355153],[-90.12138,46.338131],[-89.09163,46.138505],[-88.85027,46.040274],[-88.837991,46.030176],[-88.811948,46.021609],[-88.79646,46.023605],[-88.80067,46.030036],[-88.796182,46.033712],[-88.779221,46.031869],[-88.783891,46.020934],[-88.779915,46.015436],[-88.765208,46.022086],[-88.756295,46.020173],[-88.746422,46.025798],[-88.730675,46.026535],[-88.721125,46.022013],[-88.718397,46.013284],[-88.704687,46.018154],[-88.679132,46.013538],[-88.661312,45.988819],[-88.6375,45.98496],[-88.616405,45.9877],[-88.611466,46.003332],[-88.60144,46.017599],[-88.59386,46.015132],[-88.589755,46.005602],[-88.565485,46.015708],[-88.550756,46.012896],[-88.541078,46.013763],[-88.533825,46.020915],[-88.514601,46.019926],[-88.507188,46.0183],[-88.498108,45.99636],[-88.492495,45.992157],[-88.476002,45.992826],[-88.470855,46.001004],[-88.458658,45.999391],[-88.450325,45.990181],[-88.439733,45.990456],[-88.416914,45.975323],[-88.388847,45.982675],[-88.380183,45.991654],[-88.330137,45.965951],[-88.330296,45.956625],[-88.326953,45.955071],[-88.316894,45.960969],[-88.292381,45.951115],[-88.250133,45.963147],[-88.246307,45.962983],[-88.242518,45.950363],[-88.23314,45.947405],[-88.201852,45.945173],[-88.202116,45.949836],[-88.191991,45.95274],[-88.170096,45.93947],[-88.146352,45.935314],[-88.121864,45.92075],[-88.104686,45.922121],[-88.096496,45.917273],[-88.095354,45.913895],[-88.105677,45.904387],[-88.101814,45.883504],[-88.095841,45.880042],[-88.083965,45.881186],[-88.073944,45.875593],[-88.075146,45.864832],[-88.081641,45.865087],[-88.13611,45.819029],[-88.129461,45.809288],[-88.105355,45.800104],[-88.103247,45.791361],[-88.072091,45.780261],[-88.050634,45.780972],[-88.040221,45.789236],[-87.991447,45.795393],[-87.98087,45.776977],[-87.989829,45.772945],[-87.96697,45.764021],[-87.963452,45.75822],[-87.905873,45.759364],[-87.896032,45.752285],[-87.875813,45.753888],[-87.864141,45.745697],[-87.86432,45.737139],[-87.85548,45.726943],[-87.805867,45.706841],[-87.809181,45.700337],[-87.782226,45.683053],[-87.780737,45.675458],[-87.823164,45.662732],[-87.824102,45.647138],[-87.810194,45.638732],[-87.79588,45.618846],[-87.780845,45.614599],[-87.777199,45.588499],[-87.787534,45.581376],[-87.790874,45.564096],[-87.806104,45.562863],[-87.829346,45.568776],[-87.833591,45.562529],[-87.80339,45.538272],[-87.802267,45.514233],[-87.792769,45.499967],[-87.812971,45.4661],[-87.861697,45.434473],[-87.860432,45.423504],[-87.849322,45.403872],[-87.859131,45.398967],[-87.859418,45.388227],[-87.875424,45.379373],[-87.871789,45.373557],[-87.884855,45.362792],[-87.888052,45.354697],[-87.881114,45.351278],[-87.86856,45.360537],[-87.860871,45.351192],[-87.850418,45.347492],[-87.848368,45.340676],[-87.832612,45.352249],[-87.790324,45.353444],[-87.783076,45.349725],[-87.754104,45.349442],[-87.751626,45.354169],[-87.738352,45.358243],[-87.718891,45.377462],[-87.693956,45.389893],[-87.675017,45.382454],[-87.674403,45.378065],[-87.657349,45.368752],[-87.656632,45.358617],[-87.648476,45.352243],[-87.648126,45.339396],[-87.662029,45.326434],[-87.663666,45.318257],[-87.687498,45.298055],[-87.698248,45.281512],[-87.69878,45.26942],[-87.709137,45.260341],[-87.711339,45.239965],[-87.724156,45.233236],[-87.721935,45.228444],[-87.726952,45.218949],[-87.726198,45.209391],[-87.741732,45.198201],[-87.736509,45.173389],[-87.683902,45.144135],[-87.675816,45.135059],[-87.678511,45.131204],[-87.672447,45.121294],[-87.661296,45.112566],[-87.661211,45.108279],[-87.631535,45.106224],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.587147,45.089495],[-87.587992,45.085271],[-87.601849,45.082297],[-87.610395,45.075617],[-87.625748,45.045157],[-87.624693,45.014176],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.661964,44.973035],[-87.696492,44.974233],[-87.766115,44.965351],[-87.817551,44.951986],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-87.844299,44.918524],[-87.827751,44.891229],[-87.832764,44.880939],[-87.852789,44.86486],[-87.865898,44.840988],[-87.878218,44.839016],[-87.899787,44.828051],[-87.941453,44.75608],[-87.964714,44.74357],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.990081,44.669791],[-88.002085,44.664035],[-88.009766,44.637081],[-87.998836,44.609523],[-88.001943,44.603909],[-88.012395,44.602438],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-88.039092,44.574324],[-88.042261,44.567344],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.929001,44.535993],[-87.901206,44.568887],[-87.899368,44.573043],[-87.903689,44.581317],[-87.901179,44.584545],[-87.867941,44.607606],[-87.809076,44.636189],[-87.77516,44.639281],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.748409,44.667122],[-87.71978,44.693246],[-87.720312,44.725073],[-87.610063,44.838384],[-87.581635,44.851638],[-87.550288,44.85129],[-87.530999,44.857437],[-87.515142,44.869596],[-87.502431,44.864619],[-87.478489,44.863572],[-87.437084,44.892718],[-87.421007,44.887869],[-87.419951,44.87594],[-87.405658,44.860098]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.895055,45.329035],[-86.899488,45.322588],[-86.896667,45.307275],[-86.899891,45.295185],[-86.925681,45.3242],[-86.95499,45.34128],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.946297,45.35869],[-86.95497,45.383194],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.934724,45.421123],[-86.928045,45.411273],[-86.917686,45.40789],[-86.892893,45.40898],[-86.877502,45.413981],[-86.862174,45.412151],[-86.853145,45.405547],[-86.830353,45.410852],[-86.828731,45.428461],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.805415,45.407324],[-86.824383,45.406135],[-86.841432,45.389601],[-86.853103,45.370861],[-86.863367,45.365],[-86.869031,45.333244],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wisconsin\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e9e4b07f02db5e94e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maertz, Diane E.","contributorId":47013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maertz","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59076,"text":"mf2326 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Palisade quadrangle, Mesa County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31636,"text":"ofr97462 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Palisade Quadrangle, Mesa County, Colorado","indexId":"ofr97462","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Palisade Quadrangle, Mesa County, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":59076,"text":"mf2326 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Palisade quadrangle, Mesa County, Colorado","indexId":"mf2326","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Palisade quadrangle, Mesa County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T15:06:50","indexId":"mf2326","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2326","title":"Geologic map of the Palisade quadrangle, Mesa County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Palisade 1:24,000 quadrangle is in Mesa County in western Colorado. Because the map area is dominated by various surficial deposits, the map depicts 22 different Quaternary units. Two prominent river terraces are present in the quadrangle containing gravels deposited by the Colorado River. The map area contains many mass movement deposits. Extensive landslide deposits are present along the eastern part of the quadrangle. These massive landslides originate on the flanks of Grand Mesa, in the Green River and Wasatch Formations, and flow west onto the Palisade quadrangle. In addition, large areas of the eastern and southern parts of the map are covered by extensive pediment surfaces. These pediment surfaces are underlain by debris flow deposits also originating from Grand Mesa. Material in these deposits consists of mainly subangular basalt cobbles and boulders and indicate that these debris flow deposits have traveled as much as 10 km from their source area. The pediment surfaces have been divided into 5 age classes based on their height above surrounding drainages. Two common bedrock units in the map area are the Mancos Shale and the Mesaverde Group both of Upper Cretaceous age. The Mancos shale is common in low lying areas near the western map border. The Mesaverde Group forms prominent sandstone cliffs in the north-central map area. The map is accompanied by a separate pamphlet containing unit descriptions, a section on geologic hazards (including landslides, piping, gullying, expansive soils, and flooding), and a section on economic geology (including sand and gravel, and coal). A table indicates what map units are susceptible to a given hazard. Approximately twenty references are cited at the end of the report.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2326","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 2000, Geologic map of the Palisade quadrangle, Mesa County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2326, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2326.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110070,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25789.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25789"},{"id":6019,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/mf-2326/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Mesa","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6874b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":261376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45062,"text":"wri004226 - 2000 - Ground-water flow and contributing areas to public-supply wells in Kingsford and Iron Mountain, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:39:03","indexId":"wri004226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4226","title":"Ground-water flow and contributing areas to public-supply wells in Kingsford and Iron Mountain, Michigan","docAbstract":"The cities of Kingsford and Iron Mountain are in the southwestern part of Dickinson County in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Residents and businesses in these cites rely primarily on ground water from aquifers in glacial deposits. Glacial deposits generally consist of an upper terrace sand-and-gravel unit and a lower outwash sand-and-gravel unit, separated by lacustrine silt and clay and eolian silt layers. These units are not regionally continuous, and are absent in some areas. Glacial deposits overlie Precambrian bedrock units that are generally impermeable. Precambrian bedrock consists of metasedimentary (Michigamme Slate, Vulcan Iron Formation, and Randville Dolomite) and metavolcanic (Badwater Greenstone and Quinnesec Formation) rocks. Where glacial deposits are too thin to compose an aquifer usable for public or residential water supply, Precambrian bedrock is relied upon for water supply. Typically a few hundred feet of bedrock must be open to a wellbore to provide adequate water for domestic users. Ground-water flow in the glacial deposits is primarily toward the Menominee River and follows the direction of the regional topographic slope and the bedrock surface. To protect the quality of ground water, Kingsford and Iron Mountain are developing Wellhead Protection Plans to delineate areas that contribute water to public-supply wells. Because of the complexity of hydrogeology in this area and historical land-use practices, a steady-state ground-water-flow model was prepared to represent the ground-water-flow system and to delineate contributing areas to public-supply wells. Results of steady-state simulations indicate close agreement between simulated and observed water levels and between water flowing into and out of the model area. The 10-year contributing areas for Kingsford's public-supply wells encompass about 0.11 square miles and consist of elongated areas to the east of the well fields. The 10-year contributing areas for Iron Mountain's public-supply wells encompass about 0.09 square miles and consist of elongate areas to the east of the well field. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri004226","usgsCitation":"Luukkonen, C.L., and Westjohn, D.B., 2000, Ground-water flow and contributing areas to public-supply wells in Kingsford and Iron Mountain, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4226, HMTL Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004226.","productDescription":"HMTL Document","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3916,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004226","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Iron Mountain, Kingsford","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.14125061035155,\n 45.75602615586017\n ],\n [\n -88.14125061035155,\n 45.87734153309365\n ],\n [\n -87.94075012207031,\n 45.87734153309365\n ],\n [\n -87.94075012207031,\n 45.75602615586017\n ],\n [\n -88.14125061035155,\n 45.75602615586017\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699075","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westjohn, David B.","contributorId":84401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53904,"text":"itr000009 - 2000 - Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T12:38:47","indexId":"itr000009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2000-0009","title":"Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium","docAbstract":"The Ninth Woodcock Symposium was held January 26-28, 1997 in Baton Rough, Louisiana. Contents include: American Woodcock Management, Past, Present, and Future; Current Population Status and Likely Future Trends for American Woodcock; American Woodcock Use of Reclaimed Surface Mines in West Virginia; Food Habits and Preferences of American Woodcock in East Texas Pine Plantations; Activities and Preliminary Results of Research on Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) in Europe; Determining Multiscale Habitat and Landscape Associations for American Woodcock in Pennsylvania; Habitat Management for Wintering American Woodcock in the Southeastern United States; Sources of Variation in Survival and Recovery Rates of American Woodcock; Survival of Female American Woodcock Breeding in Maine; Direct Recoveries From In-season Banding of American Woodcock in South-central Louisiana; Gonadal Condition of American Woodcock Harvested in Louisiana During the 1986-1988 Hunting Seasons; Weight Variation Among American Woodcock Wintering in South-central Louisiana; Factors Influencing Recruitment and Condition of American Woodcock in Minnesota; The Woodcock Trail Demonstration Area in Pennsylvania; Land-use/Land-cover Changes Along Woodcock Singing-ground Survey Routes in West Virginia; Assessing Habitat Selection in Spring by Male American Woodcock in Maine with a Geographic Information System.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D.G., Bruggink, J., and Sepik, G.F., 2000, Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium: Information and Technology Report 2000-0009, viii, 117 p.","productDescription":"viii, 117 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66044d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggink, John G.","contributorId":34990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggink","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28369,"text":"wri994094 - 1999 - Methodology for estimating nutrient loads discharged from the east coast canals to Biscayne Bay, Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T21:49:18.590042","indexId":"wri994094","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T10:55:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4094","displayTitle":"Methodology for Estimating Nutrient Loads Discharged from the East Coast Canals to Biscayne Bay, Miami-Dade County, Florida","title":"Methodology for estimating nutrient loads discharged from the east coast canals to Biscayne Bay, Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994094","usgsCitation":"Lietz, A.C., 1999, Methodology for estimating nutrient loads discharged from the east coast canals to Biscayne Bay, Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4094, iv, 36 p. :, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994094.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. :","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429512,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22639.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4094/wri994094.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4094/pdf_cover.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5133056640625,\n 25.562265014427492\n ],\n [\n -79.98596191406249,\n 25.562265014427492\n ],\n [\n -79.98596191406249,\n 26.175158990178133\n ],\n [\n -80.5133056640625,\n 26.175158990178133\n ],\n [\n -80.5133056640625,\n 25.562265014427492\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314