This report gives the principal results of an investigation of ground water in the Big Spring area, Texas. Big Spring, the county seat of Howard County, has an estimated population of about 16,000. It is situated on the Texas & Pacific Ry. and United States Highway No. 80 in western Texas, about 280 miles west of Fort Worth and along the boundary between the Edwards Plateau and the High Plains. Immediately south of the city is the bold escarpment of the plateau; to the north, west, and southwest lie the High Plains; and to the east lie the Osage Plains. The Edwards Plateau is capped by resistant limestones of Fredericksburg (Lower Cretaceous) age, which have a maximum thickness of about 160 feet. These limestones are underlain by sandstones of Trinity (basal Lower Cretaceous) age, which range in thickness from 60 to 100 feet and which form the principal water-bearing bed of the area. The High Plains are underlain in most places by a varying thickness of silt, clay, sand, and gravel, chiefly of Tertiary age. The Osage Plains are underlain chiefly by Triassic redbeds, which in general form an uneven floor beneath the Cretaceous and younger formations in the High Plains and Edwards Plateau. Beneath the Triassic redbeds is a great thickness of Permian rocks, which in parts of the area contain thick beds of rock salt. Over a large part of the plateau the Cretaceous rocks appear to be fiat lying but actually dip so as to form a northwestward-trending syncline. However, in places the rocks have slumped to form depressions or sinks, which serve as collecting basins for the water from the Trinity sand. As both Triassic and Cretaceous rocks are involved in the deformations, it is believed that they .may have been formed as a result of the solution and removal of the Permian salt by circulating ground water. Two of these sinks have been well known for several years. One of them, usually called the city park sink, is about 2 miles south of Big Spring, and the other, usually called the section 33 sink, is about 6 miles southeast of the city. These sinks are nearly circular. They have a diameter of about 1 mile, and the maximum displacement of the beds is 200 to 300 feet. They serve as collecting basins for ground water drained from the Surrounding Trinity sand, and wells drilled in them yield as much as 300 gallons a minute, largely from the cracks and crevices in the Fredericksburg limestones. As the Trinity sand is mostly fine-grained, wells outside the sinks seldom yield more than 20 to 30 gallons a minute. For many years the water supply of Big Spring and most of the water used there by the Texas & Pacific Ry. Co. has come from wells in the sinks, supplemented by a relatively small supply pumped from well fields between them. It is estimated that the perennial yield of the sinks and intervening well fields amount to an average of about 450,000 gallons a day. For several years-the pumpage has been much more than that, and in 1937 it amounted to an average of about 1,000,000 gallons a day. A large part of the water has therefore come from storage, and as a result the water table in the sinks, where the draft has been greatest, has declined to lower levels each year. If the water supply needed by the city continues to increase at the normal rate, most of the remaining water will be exhausted from the sinks in a few years if no other supply is provided. Although in some areas, such as sees. 44 and 45, the rocks are slightly deformed, no deep sinks that are comparable with the city park and section 33 sinks were found on the Edwards Plateau. A large amount of water is stored in the Trinity sand in areas on the plateau south of the present well fields, but as the sands are fine only small yields can be obtained from wells in them. Near Lees, about 12 miles southwest of Big .Spring, is a structural depression or sink about 1 mile in diameter, which contains Cretaceous limestone that is probably fractured and which is overlain by Tertiary
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp913","usgsCitation":"Livingston, P.P., and Bennett, R., 1944, Geology and ground-water resources of the Big Spring area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 913, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp913.","productDescription":"113 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264384,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0913/plate-06.pdf","size":"9896","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27736,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0913/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0913/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264385,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0913/plate-13.pdf","size":"3573","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109960,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24684.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24684"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Penn Poore","contributorId":79452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Penn","email":"","middleInitial":"Poore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Robert R.","contributorId":20723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4623,"text":"wsp953 - 1944 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1942, Part III, Ohio River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"wsp953","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"953","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1942, Part III, Ohio River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp953","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1944, Surface water supply of the United States, 1942, Part III, Ohio River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 953, x, 682 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp953.","productDescription":"x, 682 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0953/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31680,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0953/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6972ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55238,"text":"ofr4488 - 1944 - Zinc-copper deposits near Moth Bay, Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55238,"text":"ofr4488 - 1944 - Zinc-copper deposits near Moth Bay, Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"ofr4488","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Zinc-copper deposits near Moth Bay, Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":36062,"text":"b963A - 1949 - Some mineral investigations in southeastern Alaska","indexId":"b963A","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Some mineral investigations in southeastern Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":36062,"text":"b963A - 1949 - Some mineral investigations in southeastern Alaska","indexId":"b963A","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Some mineral investigations in southeastern Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-31T21:47:28.776521","indexId":"ofr4488","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"44-88","title":"Zinc-copper deposits near Moth Bay, Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"Moth Bay is a narrow inlet on the north side of the entrance to Thorne Arm, a large bay near the southern end of Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska (see insert, fig. 1). It is about 16 miles by water southeasterly from Ketchikan, the nearest port. Moth Bay is locally known as Maiden Bay. The zinc-copper deposits are about three-fifths of a mile north of the head of the bay, at altitudes ranging from 250 feet to 500 feet, and are accessible by a good trail from the bay. The deposits are near the southern end of a low northward-trending ridge which rises above a broad, swampy, lake-dotted muskeg. The muskeg is bordered on the east and west by smoothly rounded, densely wooded hills up to 2,300 feet high. Vegetation and glacial till cloak most of the surface and rock exposures are rare. Small timber and fresh water are available. The climate is mild and humid.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4488","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.D., 1944, Zinc-copper deposits near Moth Bay, Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 44-88, Report: 10 p.; 3 Plates: 19.23 x 19.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4488.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 3 Plates: 19.23 x 19.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417620,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1944/0088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417598,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1944/0088/figure-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417596,"rank":2,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1944/0088/figure-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417597,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1944/0088/figure-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1944/0088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Moth Bay, Revillagigedo Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -131.71567909413847,\n 55.888657346691076\n ],\n [\n -131.71567909413847,\n 55.24989899339019\n ],\n [\n -130.87389861118214,\n 55.24989899339019\n ],\n [\n -130.87389861118214,\n 55.888657346691076\n ],\n [\n -131.71567909413847,\n 55.888657346691076\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dde60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G. D.","contributorId":96669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21627,"text":"ofr4923H - 1944 - Bentonite and its application in waterproofing (Bentonite et son emploi dans les travaux d'etancheite)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr4923H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-23","chapter":"H","title":"Bentonite and its application in waterproofing (Bentonite et son emploi dans les travaux d'etancheite)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr4923H","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Lemaire, E., and Britt, S., 1944, Bentonite and its application in waterproofing (Bentonite et son emploi dans les travaux d'etancheite): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-23, 4 leaves ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4923H.","productDescription":"4 leaves ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b3f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemaire, E.","contributorId":56260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemaire","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britt, Severine (translator)","contributorId":32175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"Severine","suffix":"(translator)","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":554,"text":"wsp963 - 1944 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1942 : Part 13 Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp963","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"963","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1942 : Part 13 Snake River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp963","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1944, Surface water supply of the United States, 1942 : Part 13 Snake River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 963, vi, 232 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp963.","productDescription":"vi, 232 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0963/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25117,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0963/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014360,"text":"1014360 - 1944 - Variations in nitrogen content and fish production in smallmouth black bass ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T17:21:55.539427","indexId":"1014360","displayToPublicDate":"1947-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in nitrogen content and fish production in smallmouth black bass ponds","docAbstract":"Ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and organic nitrogen were determined at 10‐day intervals for 24 ponds at Leetown, West Virginia. These ponds were stocked with 15,000 smallmouth black bass fry per acre and all fish reared in them were counted individually and weighed when the ponds were drained after an average season (during 1943) of 105 days. The purpose of the study was to determine what correlations, if any, existed between fish production and the nitrogen content of the water.
Correlations between ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate nitrogen and fish production were not evident. Larger quantities of these forms of nitrogen were present during the first half of the pond season than during the latter half.
A positive correlation was found between the organic‐nitrogen content of the water and fish production. This form of nitrogen, probably as a result of plant decay, was present in larger quantities during the latter half of the season than during the early season. Ponds which averaged 0.56 and 0.65 pounds of bass per acre per day had average organic‐nitrogen contents of 0.494 and 0.434 p.p.m. Ponds averaging 1.69 and 1.79 pounds of bass per acre per day averaged 0.811 and 0.746 p.p.m. of organic nitrogen, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1944)74[338:VINCAF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Surber, E.W., 1944, Variations in nitrogen content and fish production in smallmouth black bass ponds: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 74, no. 1, p. 338-349, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1944)74[338:VINCAF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"349","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6029f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Surber, E. W.","contributorId":8794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Surber","given":"E.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174093,"text":"70174093 - 1944 - Surface water resources of Iowa for the period October 1, 1940 to September 30, 1942","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:29:18.596656","indexId":"70174093","displayToPublicDate":"1945-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"Surface water resources of Iowa for the period October 1, 1940 to September 30, 1942","docAbstract":"The State and Federal cooperative program for the systematic collection of stream-flow records in Iowa was initiated in L914, although a few records were obtained by special arrangements during an earlier period. Since the beginning of the cooperative program measurements of stage or discharge have been obtained at about 100 stations on Iowa streams and lakes for periods of various lengths. The longest records are those for the Mississippi River at Le Claire and Keokuk where authenticated data have been used to extend the record back to 1873 with decreasing accuracy for the earlier years. In addition to the records of daily stages or discharges, hundreds of measurements of a miscellaneous character also have been made at other points.
","language":"English","publisher":"The State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Crawford, L.C., 1944, Surface water resources of Iowa for the period October 1, 1940 to September 30, 1942: Water Supply Bulletin 2, viii, 222 p.","productDescription":"viii, 222 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174093/IGS_wsb_2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"43.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e35e4b07657d1a819d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, Lawrence C.","contributorId":172475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217706,"text":"70217706 - 1944 - Correlation of ground‐water levels and precipitation on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T21:13:11.882048","indexId":"70217706","displayToPublicDate":"1944-12-31T15:10:54","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of ground‐water levels and precipitation on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"A brief though concise statement of the history of ground‐water studies on Long Island, beginning with the early water‐level observations in Brooklyn by STODDARD in 1854, was given by THOMPSON [see 7 of “References” at end of paper]. These and other early data were considered later by LEGGETTE [8]. He evaluated them by means of a graph of the cumulative departure of precipitation. More recent studies by LEGGETTE [9] and by the writer have lead to the procedure outlined in Part I of this paper [10], which was founded upon an empirical approach suggested by LEGGETTE and was later justified by analysis based on the theory of BOUSSINESQ [11].
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/TR025i006p00928","usgsCitation":"Jacob, C.E., 1944, Correlation of ground‐water levels and precipitation on Long Island, New York: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 6, p. 928-939, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i006p00928.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"928","endPage":"939","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.992919921875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -73.42163085937499,\n 40.543026009955014\n ],\n [\n -72.476806640625,\n 40.78885994449482\n ],\n [\n -71.7791748046875,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -72.21313476562499,\n 41.19105625669688\n ],\n [\n -72.6361083984375,\n 41.025499378313754\n ],\n [\n -73.157958984375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -73.6907958984375,\n 40.925964939514294\n ],\n [\n -73.927001953125,\n 40.78054143186033\n ],\n [\n -74.0313720703125,\n 40.718119379753446\n ],\n [\n -74.0313720703125,\n 40.59727063442024\n ],\n [\n -73.992919921875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacob, C. E.","contributorId":64504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacob","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25148,"text":"25148 - 1944 - Chemical analyses of water from wells in the Louisville area, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T13:33:44","indexId":"25148","displayToPublicDate":"1944-11-01T13:32:18","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Chemical analyses of water from wells in the Louisville area, Kentucky","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/25148","usgsCitation":"Kentucky, G.D., 1944, Chemical analyses of water from wells in the Louisville area, Kentucky, ii, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/25148.","productDescription":"ii, 4 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Louisville","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.948441,37.9971 ], [ -85.948441,38.38051 ], [ -85.4051,38.38051 ], [ -85.4051,37.9971 ], [ -85.948441,37.9971 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fbf8e4b0b58d96eeb563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kentucky, Geological Division","contributorId":50082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kentucky","given":"Geological","email":"","middleInitial":"Division","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215214,"text":"70215214 - 1944 - The hydrothermal solubility of silica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T19:14:30.851283","indexId":"70215214","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-12T14:01:01","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The hydrothermal solubility of silica","docAbstract":"The solubility of silica glass in water has been determined through the temperature range 200 degrees C. to 420 degrees C. at a pressure of 300 atmospheres. Some previous investigations of solubility of silica in water, it is believed, have indicated a too great solubility as a result of failure to distinguish true solubility from colloidal dispersion. The solubility is essentially zero at temperatures below 200 degrees C. and increases to a maximum of 0.20 part silica per 100 parts water at 360 degrees C. Solubility falls off beyond 360 degrees C., but is only slightly less at the critical temperature of water. Solubility in the vapor phase of water appears to be a function of the density of the vapor phase, as well as of temperature. At high pressures, as the density of the vapor phase approaches that of the liquid, its ability to act as a solvent will approach that of the liquid.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.39.1.25","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, G.C., 1944, The hydrothermal solubility of silica: Economic Geology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 25-36, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.39.1.25.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1944-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, George Clayton","contributorId":86352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Clayton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215213,"text":"70215213 - 1944 - A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water‐analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T18:38:56.208124","indexId":"70215213","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-12T13:29:22","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water‐analyses","docAbstract":"This paper outlines certain fundamental principles in a graphic procedure which appears to be an effective tool in segregating analytical data for critical study with respect to sources of the dissolved constituents in waters, modifications in the character of a water as it passes through an area, and related geochemical problems. The procedure is based on a multiple‐trilinear diagram (Fig. 1) whose form has been evolved gradually and independently by the writer during the past several years through trial and modification of less comprehensive antecedent forms. Neither the diagram nor the procedure here described is a panacea for the easy solution of all geochemical problems. Many problems of interpretation can be answered only by intensive study of critical analytical data by other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i006p00914","usgsCitation":"Piper, A.M., 1944, A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water‐analyses: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 6, p. 914-928, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i006p00914.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"914","endPage":"928","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, A. M.","contributorId":102865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215207,"text":"70215207 - 1944 - Report of Committee on Ground Water, 1943–44","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T17:06:12.344814","indexId":"70215207","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-12T11:54:01","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of Committee on Ground Water, 1943–44","docAbstract":"The Chairman extends an apology to G. W. MUSGRAVE for omission of his name from the list of members given in the report of the Committee on Ground Water for 1942–43.
The response from members of the Committee in general has been very gratifying and is much appreciated. Four new members, Messrs. H. F. BLANEY, EDWARD BURWELL, Jr., A. N. SAYRE and V. T. STRINGFIELD have been added to the Committee this year, in order to effect better technical and geographic coverage.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i005p00712-2","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., Blaney, H., Bretz, J.H., Burwell, E., Fishel, V., Gardner, W., Howard, C.S., Musgrave, G., Piper, A.M., Rose, N., Sayre, A., Stearns, H., and Stringfield, V.T., 1944, Report of Committee on Ground Water, 1943–44: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 5, p. 712-721, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i005p00712-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"721","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blaney, H.F.","contributorId":242955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blaney","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bretz, J. Harlan","contributorId":242956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bretz","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harlan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burwell, Edward Jr.","contributorId":242957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burwell","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardner, Willard","contributorId":242958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Willard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Howard, C. S.","contributorId":73180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Musgrave, G.W.","contributorId":242959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Musgrave","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Piper, A. M.","contributorId":102865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rose, N.A.","contributorId":97081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sayre, A.N.","contributorId":84339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stearns, H.T.","contributorId":242960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stearns","given":"H.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stringfield, V. T.","contributorId":72369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70215206,"text":"70215206 - 1944 - Appendix F—Ground‐water studies in Central America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-13T23:01:22.945883","indexId":"70215206","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-12T11:46:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appendix F—Ground‐water studies in Central America","docAbstract":"In June, 1943, the United States Geological Survey assigned two ground‐water geologists, A. N. SAYRE and G. C. TAYLOR, Jr., to study water‐supply problems in Central America for the Coordinator of Inter‐American Affairs and to make recommendations for remedial measures to provide water for cities and towns, especially along the Inter‐American Highway. El Salvador, where a large number of towns along the highway have serious water‐shortages during the six‐month dry season from December to June, was selected as the country in which most of the work was to be done. The Direccion de Sanidad de Salvador, through its Director, Dr. V. A. SUTTER, provided a list of some 35 cities which suffered the most serious water‐shortages and each of these cities was visited. The geological and ground‐water conditions in the vicinity were studied by reconnaissance‐methods and remedial measures were recommended. In nearly every case the water‐shortage was due in large part to improper or incomplete development of the available supplies. Most municipalities obtained their water‐supplies from springs which either had inadequate flow or were improperly developed. In a few cases the spring‐flow was adequate but a large quantity of water was wasted either through poor distribution‐systems or through breaks in the line that conducted water from the spring to the city. Nearly all of the water works were unsanitary. In most places it appeared likely that adequate supplies can be obtained from wells at relatively shallow depth. In some places adequate supplies can be obtained by proper improvements of springs that are now in use. In a very few cases no remedy for the shortage of water could be suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i005p00724-2","usgsCitation":"Sayre, A., 1944, Appendix F—Ground‐water studies in Central America: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 5, p. 724-725, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i005p00724-2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"725","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"El Salvador","otherGeospatial":"Central America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.637939453125,\n 13.432366575813761\n ],\n [\n -89.637451171875,\n 14.551684056143447\n ],\n [\n -90.208740234375,\n 13.848747147537152\n ],\n [\n -88.077392578125,\n 13.165073873513025\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 13.389619591747595\n ],\n [\n -87.637939453125,\n 13.432366575813761\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayre, A.N.","contributorId":84339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215119,"text":"70215119 - 1944 - Appendix B—The work of the United States Geological Survey and cooperating agencies on ground water for war purposes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T19:31:23.884263","indexId":"70215119","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-07T14:13:40","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appendix B—The work of the United States Geological Survey and cooperating agencies on ground water for war purposes","docAbstract":"A report by O. E. MEINZER, published as Appendix B of the annual report of the Committee for 1942–43 [Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, Part II, pp. 418–420, 1943], describes in some detail the previous work of the United States Geological Survey and cooperating agencies on ground water for war purposes.
The geologists from the staff of the Geological Survey listed in that report and several other ground‐water geologists have served in the Army during the past year on water‐supply assignments. Only sketchy and unofficial information is as yet available concerning the activities of these geologists, but it is believed that they are now all engaged in overseas theaters of warfare and that their services in water‐supply and other technical work are of substantial value. In this service they have been supported by ground‐water maps and reports furnished by the Geological Survey for the different theaters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i005p00722","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1944, Appendix B—The work of the United States Geological Survey and cooperating agencies on ground water for war purposes: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 5, p. 722-723, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i005p00722.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"722","endPage":"723","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215117,"text":"70215117 - 1944 - Report of Committee on the Chemistry of Natural Waters, 1943–44","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T19:00:21.132949","indexId":"70215117","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-07T13:42:44","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of Committee on the Chemistry of Natural Waters, 1943–44","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i005p00734-1","usgsCitation":"Howard, C.S., 1944, Report of Committee on the Chemistry of Natural Waters, 1943–44: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 5, p. 734-734, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i005p00734-1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"734","endPage":"734","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, C. S.","contributorId":73180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215116,"text":"70215116 - 1944 - Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T18:42:11.50207","indexId":"70215116","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-07T13:30:43","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages","docAbstract":"In interpretation and use of basic hydrological data as basis for planning any public works for conservation or control of water, there is great need for a careful and thorough analysis of the precipitation‐runoff relations. Moreover, when such relations may have been worked out for one particular basin, experience has shown that extreme caution must be used in any attempt to apply these relations to another basin even though superficially the latter may appear to be comparable with respect to physiography, meteorological conditions, and all of the other elements which contributed to the relations established for the first basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i001p00021","usgsCitation":"Stafford, H., and Troxell, H., 1944, Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 1, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i001p00021.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 34.5020297944346\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 34.5020297944346\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 33.89321737944089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stafford, H.M.","contributorId":36914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troxell, H.C.","contributorId":69124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxell","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215112,"text":"70215112 - 1944 - Variations in chemical composition of Los Angeles Basin ground waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T17:43:51.983044","indexId":"70215112","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-07T12:30:14","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in chemical composition of Los Angeles Basin ground waters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.39.4.315","usgsCitation":"Poland, J.F., 1944, Variations in chemical composition of Los Angeles Basin ground waters: Economic Geology, v. 39, no. 4, p. 315-318, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.39.4.315.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"318","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6248779296875,\n 33.5459730276919\n ],\n [\n -117.520751953125,\n 33.5459730276919\n ],\n [\n -117.520751953125,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -118.6248779296875,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -118.6248779296875,\n 33.5459730276919\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1944-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, J. F.","contributorId":64223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215111,"text":"70215111 - 1944 - Celestite in Buffalo Cove, Fentress County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:58:30.892402","indexId":"70215111","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-07T12:19:41","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Celestite in Buffalo Cove, Fentress County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Mineral aggregates consisting of celestite, dolomite, calcite, and very small amounts of sphalerite, anhydrite, and pyrite occur in the uppermost beds of the Glen Dean limestone, of upper Mississippian age, which crops out along the slopes of Buffalo Cove. Proportions of minerals range widely in adjacent aggregates; maximum content of strontium sulphate is about 96 per cent. The aggregates are spherical to nearly flat, and are regular to irregular in outline; a few coalesce. The maximum dimensions of those examined range from 0.04 to 1.35 feet, and their known vertical range in the Glen Dean limestone is from 7 to 20 feet or more downward from the contact with the overlying Pennington shale. The aggregates in the uppermost beds commonly contain chert and are somewhat hollowed as a result of weathering. Those in the lower beds contain no chert, and, where unweathered, no cavities. Celestite also occurs as isolated crystals and groups of crystals embedded in the limestone. The limetone is fine-grained, brownish gray, argillaceous, and un-fractured. The isolated crystals probably were precipitated from connate water as the limestone consolidated. During subsequent erosion of the Pennington shale to a level only 200 feet above the Glen Dean limestone, meteoric water probably gained access to the upper Glen Dean beds and dissolved cavities in them. The dense, unjointed limestone prevented downward percolation of the water, which became saturated with strontium sulphate and calcium carbonate, and deposited celestite and calcite in the solution cavities. As the dolomite in the aggregates has no apparent local source, it is believed to have been introduced from depth, probably with the small amounts of sphalerite and pyrite, by hydrothermal solutions in post-Mississippian time. Although no veins were seen in the few exposures examined around the cove, it is inferred by analogy with other mineralized areas that the solutions rose along fissures and were deflected by the overlying shale, spreading laterally through the partly filled cavities in the limestone without impregnating the limestone itself. Meteoric water still present in the cavities probably promoted deposition without attack on the limestone by lowering the temperature of the solutions.The celestite zone is being developed at the Youngs quarry. Reserves in the block of ground that contains the quarry are estimated to be 2,822 tons of the mineral aggregates, or strontium ore, containing 2,148 tons of celestite. The celestite constitutes 5.89 per cent by weight of the combined rock and aggregates in the block. Four out of seven exposures examined elsewhere in the ore zone suggest that other roughly comparable blocks may be developed. Underground quarrying is not practicable because of the overlying shale, but a dozen or more similar open quarry sites might be found on the divides between the numerous ravines that drain the sides of the cove.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.39.4.287","usgsCitation":"Kesler, T.L., 1944, Celestite in Buffalo Cove, Fentress County, Tennessee: Economic Geology, v. 39, no. 4, p. 287-306, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.39.4.287.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"306","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Fentress","otherGeospatial":"Buffalo Cove","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.7322,36.525],[-84.7138,36.4957],[-84.7013,36.4589],[-84.6926,36.4356],[-84.6898,36.4315],[-84.6842,36.4251],[-84.6836,36.4242],[-84.6679,36.4063],[-84.6618,36.3977],[-84.6595,36.3949],[-84.6859,36.3884],[-84.6906,36.3835],[-84.6896,36.3762],[-84.6908,36.3744],[-84.7011,36.3709],[-84.7034,36.3695],[-84.7051,36.3682],[-84.7097,36.3683],[-84.7131,36.3706],[-84.7216,36.3761],[-84.7244,36.3766],[-84.725,36.3752],[-84.7228,36.3702],[-84.7303,36.3689],[-84.7327,36.3635],[-84.7322,36.3567],[-84.7265,36.3539],[-84.7283,36.3512],[-84.7317,36.3508],[-84.734,36.3504],[-84.7408,36.3541],[-84.7425,36.3541],[-84.7443,36.35],[-84.7405,36.3409],[-84.7394,36.3368],[-84.7474,36.3346],[-84.7497,36.3333],[-84.7537,36.3342],[-84.756,36.3343],[-84.7595,36.3311],[-84.7623,36.3307],[-84.7686,36.3339],[-84.7731,36.3349],[-84.7743,36.3344],[-84.7749,36.3299],[-84.7778,36.3268],[-84.7858,36.326],[-84.7864,36.3246],[-84.7854,36.3191],[-84.7918,36.3124],[-84.7919,36.3024],[-84.7943,36.2988],[-84.8023,36.2975],[-84.808,36.2958],[-84.8138,36.294],[-84.8171,36.2977],[-84.8234,36.2987],[-84.8332,36.292],[-84.8413,36.287],[-84.8543,36.2917],[-84.8646,36.2936],[-84.872,36.2896],[-84.8773,36.2819],[-84.8792,36.2679],[-84.8816,36.2593],[-84.8829,36.248],[-84.8842,36.2416],[-84.8876,36.2403],[-84.8905,36.2385],[-84.8918,36.2276],[-84.8936,36.224],[-84.8987,36.2227],[-84.9033,36.22],[-84.9114,36.2124],[-84.9126,36.2083],[-84.9082,36.196],[-84.91,36.1897],[-84.9078,36.1851],[-84.9005,36.1765],[-84.9018,36.1656],[-84.9059,36.157],[-84.9174,36.1512],[-84.9237,36.149],[-84.93,36.1463],[-84.9345,36.1486],[-84.9385,36.1523],[-84.9487,36.1529],[-84.9562,36.1516],[-84.9607,36.1521],[-84.9658,36.1584],[-84.9697,36.1603],[-84.9823,36.159],[-84.9896,36.1614],[-84.9948,36.1587],[-84.9977,36.1519],[-85.0017,36.1533],[-85.0068,36.1579],[-85.0125,36.1593],[-85.0187,36.1639],[-85.0232,36.1662],[-85.0294,36.1717],[-85.0323,36.1681],[-85.0341,36.164],[-85.0386,36.1663],[-85.041,36.1591],[-85.0473,36.1514],[-85.0507,36.1528],[-85.0576,36.1515],[-85.0656,36.1502],[-85.0657,36.1447],[-85.0674,36.1416],[-85.0737,36.1407],[-85.08,36.1385],[-85.0817,36.1331],[-85.1022,36.1391],[-85.1192,36.1447],[-85.0827,36.1961],[-85.1109,36.2676],[-85.1225,36.3053],[-85.1178,36.4096],[-85.103,36.4099],[-85.0887,36.5001],[-85.0771,36.5168],[-85.0701,36.524],[-85.0649,36.528],[-85.05,36.5252],[-85.0459,36.5315],[-85.0441,36.5396],[-85.0469,36.5442],[-85.0503,36.5474],[-85.0503,36.5524],[-85.0468,36.5542],[-85.0422,36.5564],[-85.0388,36.5541],[-85.029,36.5558],[-85.0244,36.5603],[-85.0198,36.5598],[-85.0129,36.5657],[-85.0117,36.5689],[-85.0134,36.5702],[-85.011,36.5738],[-85.0065,36.5715],[-84.9956,36.5674],[-84.9887,36.5728],[-84.9818,36.5754],[-84.9645,36.5802],[-84.9427,36.5814],[-84.9181,36.5807],[-84.8935,36.5769],[-84.8895,36.576],[-84.8747,36.5736],[-84.8627,36.5698],[-84.8485,36.5638],[-84.8183,36.5503],[-84.7956,36.5333],[-84.7951,36.5329],[-84.794,36.532],[-84.7849,36.5255],[-84.7775,36.525],[-84.7322,36.525]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Fentress\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1944-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, T. L.","contributorId":84438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesler","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095021,"text":"70095021 - 1944 - Halmahera (Molukkas): terrain intelligence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:34:19","indexId":"70095021","displayToPublicDate":"1944-01-01T15:34:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":86,"text":"Strategic Engineering Study","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"103","title":"Halmahera (Molukkas): terrain intelligence","docAbstract":"This folio was rushed to completion on urgent request from the Strategic \nIntelligence Branch, Office of Chief of Engineers. The geologists, soils \nscientists, and ground-water hydrologists had completed their studies in manu- \nscript form, but time was not available for editing the folio, coordinating its \ndifferent parts, or checking it for inconsistencies. Parts of the text have not \neven been proof-read for typing mistakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Strategic Intelligence Branch, Military Intelligence Division, Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1944, Halmahera (Molukkas): terrain intelligence: Strategic Engineering Study 103, iii, 219 p.","productDescription":"iii, 219 p.","numberOfPages":"202","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70095021.JPG"},{"id":284833,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70095021/report.pdf"}],"country":"Indonesia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 127.3969,-0.9139 ], [ 127.3969,2.2215 ], [ 128.9036,2.2215 ], [ 128.9036,-0.9139 ], [ 127.3969,-0.9139 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559473e4b0120853e8bff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70098151,"text":"70098151 - 1944 - Soela (Molukkas Islands) : terrain intelligence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T14:24:21","indexId":"70098151","displayToPublicDate":"1944-01-01T14:59:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":86,"text":"Strategic Engineering Study","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"104","title":"Soela (Molukkas Islands) : terrain intelligence","docAbstract":"No abstract","language":"English","publisher":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1944, Soela (Molukkas Islands) : terrain intelligence: Strategic Engineering Study 104, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286050,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70098151/report.pdf"},{"id":284137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70098151.JPG"}],"country":"Indonesia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 124.2334,-2.6358 ], [ 124.2334,-1.483 ], [ 126.5955,-1.483 ], [ 126.5955,-2.6358 ], [ 124.2334,-2.6358 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559564e4b0120853e8c1f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095524,"text":"70095524 - 1944 - Kusaie (Ualan) Island, Carolines. Terrain intelligence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:35:57","indexId":"70095524","displayToPublicDate":"1944-01-01T14:27:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":86,"text":"Strategic Engineering Study","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"108","title":"Kusaie (Ualan) Island, Carolines. Terrain intelligence","language":"English","publisher":"Strategic Intelligence Branch, Military Intelligence Division, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1944, Kusaie (Ualan) Island, Carolines. Terrain intelligence: Strategic Engineering Study 108, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284836,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70095524/report.pdf"},{"id":283354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70095524.JPG"}],"country":"Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Kosrae","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 162.895607,5.259866 ], [ 162.895607,5.369902 ], [ 163.034041,5.369902 ], [ 163.034041,5.259866 ], [ 162.895607,5.259866 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594a8e4b0120853e8c039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70098420,"text":"70098420 - 1944 - Palawan Province (Philippine Islands). Terrain intelligence.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T15:20:25","indexId":"70098420","displayToPublicDate":"1944-01-01T10:53:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":86,"text":"Strategic Engineering Study","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"116","title":"Palawan Province (Philippine Islands). Terrain intelligence.","docAbstract":"No abstract","language":"English","publisher":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1944, Palawan Province (Philippine Islands). Terrain intelligence.: Strategic Engineering Study 116, 91 p.","productDescription":"91 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286061,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70098420/report.pdf"},{"id":284155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Philippines","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 112.1806,7.7516 ], [ 112.1806,12.4767 ], [ 121.3353,12.4767 ], [ 121.3353,7.7516 ], [ 112.1806,7.7516 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594e6e4b0120853e8c0c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70098417,"text":"70098417 - 1944 - Mindoro (P.I.) : terrain intelligence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T14:25:03","indexId":"70098417","displayToPublicDate":"1944-01-01T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":86,"text":"Strategic Engineering Study","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"141","title":"Mindoro (P.I.) : terrain intelligence","docAbstract":"No abstract","language":"English","publisher":"United States Army Corps of Engineers Strategic Intelligence Branch","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1944, Mindoro (P.I.) : terrain intelligence: Strategic Engineering Study 141, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70098417.JPG"},{"id":286054,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70098417/report.pdf"}],"country":"Philippines","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 120.2831,13.5469 ], [ 120.2831,13.5469 ], [ 121.5438,13.5469 ], [ 121.5438,13.5469 ], [ 120.2831,13.5469 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594b5e4b0120853e8c082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}