{"pageNumber":"2700","pageRowStart":"67475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68807,"records":[{"id":15065,"text":"ofr4014 - 1940 - Prospective water well sites in vicinity of Rangely, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-25T14:30:11.956404","indexId":"ofr4014","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"40-14","title":"Prospective water well sites in vicinity of Rangely, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4014","usgsCitation":"Morgan, A., 1940, Prospective water well sites in vicinity of Rangely, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 40-14, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4014.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1940/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1940/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Rangely","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.017333984375,\n              39.9034155951341\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.52569580078125,\n              39.9034155951341\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.52569580078125,\n              40.283716270542584\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.017333984375,\n              40.283716270542584\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.017333984375,\n              39.9034155951341\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656d57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Arthur M.","contributorId":59051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Arthur M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":308,"text":"wsp865 - 1940 - Surface water supply of Hawaii : July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp865","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"865","title":"Surface water supply of Hawaii : July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp865","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1940, Surface water supply of Hawaii : July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 865, iv, 122 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp865.","productDescription":"iv, 122 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0865/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24870,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0865/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2273,"text":"wsp886 - 1940 - Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1939","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp886","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"886","title":"Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1939","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp886","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., Wenzel, L.K., and and others, 1940, Water levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States in 1939: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 886, v, 933 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp886.","productDescription":"v, 933 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0886/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0886/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, Oscar Edward","contributorId":12020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenzel, Leland Keith","contributorId":38134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenzel","given":"Leland","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":528006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4551,"text":"wsp883 - 1940 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1939 : Part 13 Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:51","indexId":"wsp883","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"883","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1939 : Part 13 Snake River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp883","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1940, Surface water supply of the United States, 1939 : Part 13 Snake River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 883, viii, 315 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp883.","productDescription":"viii, 315 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0883/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0883/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69750f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55542,"text":"ofr408 - 1940 - Geology of several dam sites on tributaries of the Humboldt River, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"40-8","title":"Geology of several dam sites on tributaries of the Humboldt River, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr408","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1940, Geology of several dam sites on tributaries of the Humboldt River, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 40-8, 21 p. :ill.; 3 maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr408.","productDescription":"21 p. :ill.; 3 maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68354b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55548,"text":"ofr406 - 1940 - Geology of some dam sites on the Williams River and Kirkland Creek, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr406","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"40-6","title":"Geology of some dam sites on the Williams River and Kirkland Creek, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr406","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1940, Geology of some dam sites on the Williams River and Kirkland Creek, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 40-6, 15 p. :ill.; 2 maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr406.","productDescription":"15 p. :ill.; 2 maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683572","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174986,"text":"70174986 - 1940 - Geology and ground-water resources of the \"Equus beds\" area in south central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T09:52:10","indexId":"70174986","displayToPublicDate":"1940-11-27T18:30:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the \"Equus beds\" area in south central Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>This paper summarizes the results of a detailed investigation by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kansas State Geological Survey, Kansas State Board of Health, and the City of Wichita. The geology of the area has been remapped, and several new formations have been established, including the Emma Creek formation of middle and upper Pliocene age, and a thick loess deposit. The hydrologic studies involved extensive test drilling and resulted in the development of a new groundwater supply for the City of Wichita.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists, Inc","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.35.7.839","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., and Frye, J.C., 1940, Geology and ground-water resources of the \"Equus beds\" area in south central Kansas: Economic Geology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 839-866, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.35.7.839.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"866","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Harvey County, McPherson County, Reno County, Sedgwick County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.3722,38.1744],[-97.1538,38.1745],[-97.1537,38.0879],[-97.1528,37.9129],[-97.1514,37.4764],[-97.8068,37.4746],[-97.8075,37.7108],[-97.8073,37.7335],[-97.8416,37.7337],[-98.4666,37.7345],[-98.4666,37.8252],[-98.4718,37.8256],[-98.4735,38.0677],[-98.4734,38.103],[-98.4734,38.1184],[-98.474,38.1737],[-98.2176,38.1734],[-98.2171,38.1598],[-98.1421,38.1592],[-98.1427,38.1732],[-97.922,38.1737],[-97.9213,38.2607],[-97.9242,38.2608],[-97.9262,38.5227],[-97.9261,38.6102],[-97.372,38.61],[-97.3722,38.1744]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Harvey\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1940-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889b5e4b0589fa1c6ba58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frye, John Chapman","contributorId":48025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Chapman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70213895,"text":"70213895 - 1940 - Channel‐storage and unit‐hydrograph studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T20:30:08.504931","indexId":"70213895","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T15:26:28","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel‐storage and unit‐hydrograph studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent studies of the rainfal‐and‐runoff relation tend towards treatment of the subject in two parts, namely, (1) the ground‐phase, which includes the study of such processes as infiltration and evaporation, and (2) the channel‐phase, which comprehends the study of the flow of water in the channel‐system with particular reference to flood‐wave movement. This paper discusses the channel‐phase.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00620","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1940, Channel‐storage and unit‐hydrograph studies: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 620-627, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00620.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"627","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, W. B.","contributorId":102053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213863,"text":"70213863 - 1940 - Salinity of the lower Savannah River in relation to stream‐flow and tidal action","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T20:53:55.899578","indexId":"70213863","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T14:35:06","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity of the lower Savannah River in relation to stream‐flow and tidal action","docAbstract":"<p>In order to obtain information needed in planning for industrial development along the Savannah River and in the city of Savannah, Georgia, a study of the salinity of the Savannah River was undertaken by the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, in cooperation with the Georgia Division of Mines, Mining, and Geology. The Works Progress Administration of Georgia and the city of Savannah also cooperated in the study.</p><p>The Savannah River lies on the boundary between the States of Georgia and South Carolina. The River proper from the mouth to the junction of the Tugaloo and Senaca rivers is 314 miles in length. The area of its watershed is about 10,579 square miles, of which 9,850 square miles are above the stream‐flow gaging‐station near Clyo, Georgia. The River is tidal for about 50 miles above its mouth. The average streamflow for the Savannah River near Clyo, Georgia, was 10,410 and 10,820 second‐feet, respectively, for the years ending September 30, 1938 and 1939. The city of Savannah, Georgia, located on the Savannah River 17 miles above its mouth, is an important seaport and industrial center. The lower Savannah River near the city of Savannah is shown in Figure 1.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00463","usgsCitation":"Lamar, W.L., 1940, Salinity of the lower Savannah River in relation to stream‐flow and tidal action: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 463-470, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00463.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.14227294921875,\n              31.962648655655887\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.81954956054688,\n              31.962648655655887\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.81954956054688,\n              32.19304652202036\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14227294921875,\n              32.19304652202036\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14227294921875,\n              31.962648655655887\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamar, William L.","contributorId":15592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamar","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213853,"text":"70213853 - 1940 - On the flow of water in an elastic artesian aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T19:33:42.068559","indexId":"70213853","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T14:23:23","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the flow of water in an elastic artesian aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>Slichter showed in 1898 that a solution may be obtained for a given problem in the steady motion of ground‐water by solving the familiar Laplace equation and that therefore in steady‐state conditions a problem in the motion of ground‐water is mathematically analogous to a problem in the steady flow of heat or electricity [see 1 of “References” at end of paper]. More recently it has been recognized that the analogy holds also for the non‐steady‐state flow of compressible liquids, in elastic systems as well as in rigid systems.</p><p>In studying the effect of the discharge of flowing wells on the head in the Dakota sandstone, Meinzer [2, 3] concluded that the water discharged by the wells had largely been derived locally from storage. It was found that the amount of water withdrawn from storage could not be accounted for on the basis of the compressibility of water alone but that it might be accounted for on the basis of the probable compressibility of the sandstone itself. Prior to that time, estimates of water‐supplies from artesian aquifers had been based upon the assumption that artesian aquifers are perfectly incompressible and inelastic However, as Meinzer states [2, p. 289], “artesian aquifers are apparently all more or less compressible and elastic though they differ widely in the degree and relative importance of these properties. In general, the properties of compressibility and elasticity are of the most consequence in aquifers that have low permeability, slow recharge, and high head.”</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00574","usgsCitation":"Jacob, C.E., 1940, On the flow of water in an elastic artesian aquifer: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 574-586, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00574.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"586","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacob, C. E.","contributorId":64504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacob","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213842,"text":"70213842 - 1940 - A brief review of ground‐water conditions in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T20:57:02.601391","indexId":"70213842","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T13:59:19","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A brief review of ground‐water conditions in Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The State of Michigan makes up about one‐half of the area of the great Michigan Synclinal Basin, the remainder of which embraces Lakes Michigan and Huron and small parts of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Ontario [see 1 (p. 7) of “References” at end of paper]. The Basin has characteristics of both a geosyncline and a major structural basin. The geosynclinal origin is indicated by the facts that the Basin has been progressively downwarped, the beds thicken markedly into the central area, the outline of the course of the outcropping rocks is roughly oval, and the minor structures within the Basin are mostly parallel to the longer diameter of the downwarp. Evidence of several periods of isolation and evaporation and the absence of thick series of coarse clastic sediments in the post‐Cambrian rock‐column are features that are more characteristic of structural basins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i004p01122","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C., 1940, A brief review of ground‐water conditions in Michigan: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 4, p. 1122-1126, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i004p01122.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1122","endPage":"1126","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70213832,"text":"70213832 - 1940 - The contamination of ground‐water by salt water near Parlin, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T20:58:18.757831","indexId":"70213832","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T13:49:11","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contamination of ground‐water by salt water near Parlin, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p><span>The classic studies of Badon Ghyben [see 1 of “References” at end of paper] and Alexander Herzoerg [2].that defined the basic principles governing the relation between salt water and fresh water in water‐bearing sands are now fairly well known. They showed that fresh water floats on the heavier salt Water and that, under static conditions, the ratio between the head of the fresh water above mean sea‐level and the depth of the contact between fresh and salt water below mean sea‐level, is determined by the relative specific gravities of the two waters. Other studies have shown that under ordinary conditions there is little mixing between the fresh and salt waters, so that the zone of contact is narrow. Instances have been observed in which the chloride‐content of the water has ranged from a few parts to several thousand parts per million within a few feet. It would seem, therefore, that the basic conditions under which fresh and salt water occur together in water‐bearing sands are somewhat similar to those in the tidal estuaries of streams. The principal differences are caused by the frictional resistance of the sand which prevents rapid movements of both fluids and probably retards their mixing.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00471","usgsCitation":"Barksdale, H., 1940, The contamination of ground‐water by salt water near Parlin, New Jersey: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 471-474, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00471.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"474","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Parlin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.41280364990234,\n              40.44093755756703\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.33624267578125,\n              40.44093755756703\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.33624267578125,\n              40.492653934148\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.41280364990234,\n              40.492653934148\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.41280364990234,\n              40.44093755756703\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barksdale, H.C.","contributorId":65912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213822,"text":"70213822 - 1940 - Ground‐water recharge in areas of deep water‐table in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:00:35.5027","indexId":"70213822","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T13:41:29","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground‐water recharge in areas of deep water‐table in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"<p><span>It is unanimously agreed, I think, that of the water which falls upon the Earth's surface, a part runs off toward the sea, a part is at least temporarily detained, a part of it evaporates, and a part sinks beneath the ground‐surface. But among students of that water which sinks beneath the Earth's surface, complete agreement as to the course it then takes has not always prevailed. Ground‐water hydrologists have assumed that water can and does reach the water‐table by descending through a great thickness of subsoil in the semi‐arid upland divides of the Great Plains. But many students of soil‐moisture and its use by vegetation in the Great Plains have concluded from their soil‐moisture sampling that water does not descend to the water‐table where the depth to the water‐table is great. Thus Cole and Mathews state in Technical Bulletin 637 of the United States Department of Agriculture, page 69, that “It can be safely said, however, that on the short‐grass land of the Great Plains there is no penetration of upland surface‐water to the water‐table.”</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00570","usgsCitation":"Cady, R., 1940, Ground‐water recharge in areas of deep water‐table in the Great Plains: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 570-574, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00570.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"570","endPage":"574","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Box Butte County, Keith County","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-102.7742,42.4402],[-102.7499,42.4394],[-102.7498,42.3576],[-102.7477,42.3531],[-102.7476,42.2708],[-102.7428,42.1809],[-102.7431,42.0923],[-102.7035,42.0922],[-102.6989,42.0051],[-102.8149,42.0026],[-102.936,42.0022],[-103.0521,42.0027],[-103.1689,42.0021],[-103.3605,42.0037],[-103.3995,42.004],[-103.4012,42.0903],[-103.4457,42.0905],[-103.4438,42.176],[-103.4432,42.2646],[-103.4444,42.4387],[-103.361,42.4377],[-103.2416,42.4376],[-103.0893,42.4381],[-102.8885,42.4391],[-102.7742,42.4402]]],[[[-101.2702,41.3959],[-101.2688,41.0488],[-101.2487,41.0476],[-101.248,41.005],[-101.3618,41.0035],[-102.0504,41.0037],[-102.0505,41.0477],[-102.0542,41.0481],[-102.0556,41.2214],[-102.0551,41.3939],[-101.9853,41.3955],[-101.4055,41.3954],[-101.2702,41.3959]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Box Butte\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cady, R.C.","contributorId":44905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213812,"text":"70213812 - 1940 - Ground‐water problems in Ohio, with special reference to the industrial area of Cincinnati in Butler and Hamilton counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:02:13.937359","indexId":"70213812","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T13:27:42","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground‐water problems in Ohio, with special reference to the industrial area of Cincinnati in Butler and Hamilton counties","docAbstract":"<p><span>The importance of ground‐water as a natural resource to be used for water‐supply and industrial purposes is often overlooked by the general public. A recent survey conducted by the Engineering News‐Record [see 1 of “References” at end of paper], based on data obtained from State Sanitary engineers, shows that 9,100 out of a total of 12,700 public water‐supply systems in the United States obtain water from underground sources. Of the total population served by public water‐supplies, about 28 per cent or 22,500,000 people are served by systems using ground‐water. In addition to the quantities of water pumped for public supplies, many million gallons of ground‐water are pumped daily for rural, domestic, and industrial purposes. In many of the cities that have public supplies from surface‐sources, there is nevertheless heavy pumping from private wells for industrial purposes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i004p01126","usgsCitation":"Klaer, F., 1940, Ground‐water problems in Ohio, with special reference to the industrial area of Cincinnati in Butler and Hamilton counties: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 4, p. 1126-1131, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i004p01126.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1126","endPage":"1131","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70213811,"text":"70213811 - 1940 - Committee on chemistry of natural waters, 1939–40","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:03:03.118227","indexId":"70213811","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T13:16:53","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Committee on chemistry of natural waters, 1939–40","docAbstract":"<p>The membership of this Committee is as follows: I. A. Dennison, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.; C. S. Scofield, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.; D. G. Thompson, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.; Prof. T. G. Thompson, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and C. S. Howard (Chairman), United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.</p><p>The Committee arranged for the presentation of the following five papers at the 1940 Spring meeting: (1) Salt‐water intrusion in the Connecticut River, by C. S. Howard, United States Geological Survey; (2) Salinity‐movement and its causes in the Delaware River Estuary, by William D. Mason and Wallace R. Pietsch, Sun Oil Company; (3) Salinity of, lower Savannah River in relation to tidal action and stream‐flow, by William L. Lamar, United States Geological Survey; (4) Corrosion of ferrous and nonferrous metals and the behavior of metallic coatings in tidal marsh, by I. A. Dennison, National Bureau of Standards; (5) The contamination of underground waters by salt water near Parlin, New Jersey, by H. C. Barksdale, United States Geological Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00369","usgsCitation":"Howard, C.S., 1940, Committee on chemistry of natural waters, 1939–40: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 369-370, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00369.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, C. S.","contributorId":73180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213800,"text":"70213800 - 1940 - Salt‐water intrusion in the Connecticut River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:07:43.151931","indexId":"70213800","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T13:01:31","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt‐water intrusion in the Connecticut River","docAbstract":"<p><span>The intrusion of salt water in the lower Connecticut River Basin was studied during October 1, 1934, to June 30, 1939. The field‐ and laboratory‐work was done as a project of the Works Progress Administration under the sponsorship of the State Water Commission of the State of Connecticut. Some technical assistance was given by the Geological Survey through cooperation with the State Water Commission.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00455","usgsCitation":"Howard, C.S., 1940, Salt‐water intrusion in the Connecticut River: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 355-357, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00455.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"357","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.56057739257812,\n              41.25612970800976\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.29141235351561,\n              41.25612970800976\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.29141235351561,\n              41.50034959128928\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.56057739257812,\n              41.50034959128928\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.56057739257812,\n              41.25612970800976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, C. S.","contributorId":73180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213789,"text":"70213789 - 1940 - Committee on glaciers, 1939–40","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:08:36.376557","indexId":"70213789","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T12:20:09","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Committee on glaciers, 1939–40","docAbstract":"<p>The Committee on Glaciers is now composed of the following members: Harry Fielding Reid, Professor Emeritus of Geology, Johns Hopkins University, 608 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Maryland; William H. Hobbs, Professor Emeritus of Geology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Lawrence Martin, Chief of the Division of Maps, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; J. E. Church, Professor of Meteorology, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada; Wm. Osgood Field, Jr., Explorer, 18 West Twelfth Street, New York, N.Y.; Earl A. Trager, Chief of the Naturalist Division, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.; Oliver Kehrlein, Chairman, Committee on Glacier Studies, 1050 Mills Tower, 220 Bush Street, San Francisco, California; Kenneth N. Phillips, Associate Hydraulic Engineer, Water Resources Branch, United States Geological Survey, Chairman, Research Committee of the Mazamas, 606 Post‐Office Building, Portland, Oregon; William S. Cooper, Professor of Botany, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Gerald FitzGerald, Senior Topographic Engineer, Alaska Branch, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.; Lawrence M. Gould, Professor of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota; François E. Matthes (Chairman), Senior Geologist, Section of Glacial Geology, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.</p><p>The international relations of the Committee have changed somewhat during the past year as a result of the consolidation of the International Commission of Glaciers with the International Commission of Snow. That consolidation was effected by the International Association of Scientific Hydrology (to which both commissions belonged) at the triennial meeting in Washington, in September, 1939. Inasmuch as the membership of the new International Commission of Snow and Glaciers comprises the personnel of the two former commissions, our Committee on Glaciers now automatically is represented on the new International Commission by four men—Church, Hobbs, Gould, and Matthes. Moreover, Church is acting President, and it is understood that he will become President as soon as the political situation in Europe permits the holding of a formal election of officers at which all nations interested can exercise their right of voting</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00396","usgsCitation":"Matthes, F.E., 1940, Committee on glaciers, 1939–40: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 396-406, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00396.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"406","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matthes, Francois E.","contributorId":97963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthes","given":"Francois","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213474,"text":"70213474 - 1940 - Committee on underground waters, 1939–40","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:09:54.123533","indexId":"70213474","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-17T15:00:10","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Committee on underground waters, 1939–40","docAbstract":"<p>The Committee on Underground Waters for the new triennium is composed of the following: H. F. Blaney; E. B. Burwell; W. Gardner; C. S. Howard; F. H. Lahee; G. W. Musgrave; A. M. Piper; A. C. Swinnerton; L. K. Wenzel; D. G. Thompson (Chairman).</p><p>The outstanding event of the year for ground‐water hydrologists was the meeting of the International Association of Scientific Hydrology, as a part of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, at Washington, D.C., in September, 1939. One day was devoted to “questions” or topics of symposia of the Commission on Subterranean Water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00433-2","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D.G., 1940, Committee on underground waters, 1939–40: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 433-439, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00433-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"439","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, David Grosh","contributorId":19141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Grosh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174985,"text":"70174985 - 1940 - Memorandum in regard to prospecting for a softer water supply for the Kansas State Penitentiary at Lansing, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T09:34:02","indexId":"70174985","displayToPublicDate":"1940-06-25T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Memorandum in regard to prospecting for a softer water supply for the Kansas State Penitentiary at Lansing, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70174985","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., and Mitchell, A., 1940, Memorandum in regard to prospecting for a softer water supply for the Kansas State Penitentiary at Lansing, Kansas: Open-File Report, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70174985.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Lansing","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.83192443847656,\n              39.25246120620433\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.84291076660156,\n              39.26203141523749\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.90333557128906,\n              39.261499771230774\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.90333557128906,\n              39.27797886039667\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89646911621094,\n              39.281699408719746\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89990234375,\n              39.28648268048973\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.90402221679688,\n              39.29498546816049\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.91981506347656,\n              39.29498546816049\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.92324829101562,\n              39.28967134685658\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.93011474609375,\n              39.28648268048973\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.93011474609375,\n              39.2827623862317\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.94453430175781,\n              39.280636415076756\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.94453430175781,\n              39.2854197594374\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.95140075683594,\n              39.2854197594374\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.95140075683594,\n              39.28223089949212\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.97474670410156,\n              39.280636415076756\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.97817993164061,\n              39.26681602984699\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.98641967773436,\n              39.27160031783707\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.98641967773436,\n              39.280636415076756\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00289916992188,\n              39.279573405302806\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.03585815429688,\n              39.279041894366785\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.04615783691406,\n              39.27851037939807\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.04547119140625,\n              39.23703978837414\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.99740600585938,\n              39.23757161784572\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.92942810058594,\n              39.23384872688399\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.93080139160156,\n              39.150297710716686\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.86900329589842,\n              39.150297710716686\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.866943359375,\n              39.20991113991019\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.84840393066406,\n              39.20937910082159\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.85389709472655,\n              39.23863526469436\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.85389709472655,\n              39.248739105448365\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.83192443847656,\n              39.25246120620433\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889b8e4b0589fa1c6ba7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Alexander","contributorId":173164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174984,"text":"70174984 - 1940 - Ground-water resources of Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:28:49","indexId":"70174984","displayToPublicDate":"1940-06-25T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water resources of Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>Introduction: Water is a necessity of life. Accordingly, every person is deeply interested in the subject of water supply. He knows that he must have water to drink. He depends indirectly on water for all his food and clothing. He may want water in which to wash. Civilized man has learned also that water serves admirably for a large and ever enlarging list of uses that depend on its easy convertibility from a liquid to a solid or gaseous state and its adaptability as a chemical solvent, a medium for transfer of matter or energy, and a regulator of temperature.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The average consumption of water in towns and cities of the United States amounts to about 100 gallons per person per day. Because of long familiarity with never-failing supplies &nbsp;of water provided by nature, or equally, because of unthinking dependence on others, many individuals are probably unaware of their interest in water, but let water become difficult or impossible to obtain, or let the quality of water be greatly changed, and there is immediate concern. Many Kansas persons<span>&amp;mdash;</span>without doubt too many<span>&amp;mdash;</span>give little thought to the subject of water when rainfall is normal and when ponds and streams are full, but not too full. &nbsp;Kansas has a smaller natural water supply than many other regions, but we are used to these conditions, and it is strongly marked departures from what we regard as normal that cause anxiety. Periods of excessive heat and drought such as have recurred in Kansas, especially during the last half-dozen years, bring hardships to very many persons, particularly dwellers on the farm. Alarm is felt when field crops and pasture shrivel from lack of moisture and from heat, when there is insufficient water for the stock, when wells go dry, and when even some towns and cities must haul water in tank cars. Everyone is then water-conscious, as is true also under reverse conditions, when overabundance of rainfall produces disastrous floods.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>It is obvious, however, that the subject of water supply should not be given attention only in times of deficiency or overabundance. All citizens of Kansas should have enduring interest in quests of water control and conservation that will make for equable supply. No individual or government agency can increase or diminish the annual rainfall, nor safeguard wholly against floods. It is possible, on the other hand, largely to avoid the distress due to severe shortage of water in recent years. This statement calls attention to the subject of water in the ground, or as commonly known, ground water. I have been asked to discuss the underground water resources of Kansas. I am asked to give answers to such questions as: In what places and under what conditions may water that is suitable for domestic and stock use be obtained from wells? Why are some water wells in Kansas never-failing large producers of excellent waters, whereas other yield only small amounts of poor water and readily go dry? What improvements are possible in methods of finding and utilizing the ground-water resources that exist in Kansas? What provisions can be made to safeguard best against effects of prolonged drought?&nbsp;</p>\n<p>These questions call for a discussion of some general principles that apply to accumulation and movement of water beneath the surface of in Kansas, and especially to the various geologic conditions that are fundamental factors in controlling variation in water supply from the below ground. It will be desirable also to consider the characteristics of various districts in Kansas that may be differentiated as natural ground-water provinces, pointing out the distinguishing features of these districts. The basis for these distinctions is a difference in water-supply conditions that depends mainly on variation in underground rock structure.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><i>Importance of ground-water resources.<span>&amp;mdash;</span></i>The importance of Kansas' ground-water resources may be emphasized from various viewpoints and in different ways. More than three-fourths of the public water supplies of Kansas are obtained from wells. In 1939, only 60 out of 375 municipal water supplies in Kansas, which is 16 percent, utilized surface waters. If the water wells of the cities and those located on all privately owned land in the state were suddenly destroyed, making it necessary to go to streams, springs, lakes (which are almost all artificial), and ponds for water supply domestic, stock, and industrial use, there would be almost incalculable difficulty and expense. If one could not go to springs, or dig new wells, or use any surface water derived from underground flow, much of Kansas would become uninhabitable. &nbsp;These suggested conditions seem absurd, but they emphasize our dependence on ground-water resources. Fromm a quantitative standpoint, ground-water supplies existent in Kansas far outweigh surface waters that are present in the state at any one time. No exact figures for such comparison can be given, but, taking 384 square miles as the total surface water area of the state and estimating an average water depth of five feet, the computed volume of surface waters is found to be 1/100th of that of the conservatively estimated ground-water storage in Kansas. The latter takes account only of potable fresh water and is based on an assumed mean thickness of ten feet of reservoir having an effective porosity of twenty percent. It is to be remembered, however, that most of the surface water is run-off, which soon leaves the state, stream valleys being replenished from rainfall and flow from ground-water reservoirs. Most of the ground-water supplies, on the other hand, have existed for many years with almost no appreciable movement--in fact, it is reasonably certain that some well water drawn from beneath the surface of Kansas in 1940 represents rainfall in this region at time before the first white man entered Kansas, even before the visit of Coronado in the 16th century. Most ground water is to be regarded as water in storage rather than water in transit. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas Publications","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Moore, R., Lohman, S.W., Frye, J., Waite, H., McLaughlin, T.G., and Latta, B., 1940, Ground-water resources of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 1940, no. 2, p. 1-112.","productDescription":"112 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70207286,"text":"70207286 - 1940 - Ground water in the Oklahoma Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T06:39:05","indexId":"70207286","displayToPublicDate":"1940-06-01T06:32:29","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water in the Oklahoma Panhandle","docAbstract":"<p><span>An investigation begun in 1937 by the United States and the Oklahoma Geological Surveys, has shown that the depth to the water table in the Oklahoma Panhandle ranges from less than 25 feet in parts of major valleys to about 3oo feet in parts of the uplands. In 8 upland areas the depth is between 50 and 100 feet. The thi kness of the zone of saturation differs widely in these areas, the most promising of which totals about 80 square miles in northeastern Texas County. The pervious sands and gravels of the Ogallala formation, of Pliocene age, furnish most of the ground water, and one well yielding 960 gallons a minute from them has been used for irrigation since x937. The formation ranges from less than xoo to more than 500 feet thick, the differences being due to relief on the pre-Ogallala topography and to post-Ogallala erosion. The alluvium is also an important source of water, as are the Dakota and Cheyenne sandstones, of Cretaceous age. A few wells yield water of variable quality from Jurassic and Triassic rocks, and many wells in the valleys of the eastern part of the area yield small supplies of highly mineralized water from Permian red beds. © 1940 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists ","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.35.4.534","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Schoff, S., 1940, Ground water in the Oklahoma Panhandle: Economic Geology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 534-545, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.35.4.534.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"534","endPage":"545","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Panhandle ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.9441,36.9988],[-100.6337,36.9986],[-100.1079,36.9983],[-100.0902,36.9983],[-100.0024,36.9985],[-100.004,36.8538],[-100.0044,36.76],[-100.0045,36.5917],[-100.0044,36.5849],[-100.0038,36.4998],[-100.1458,36.4998],[-100.3204,36.4999],[-100.5459,36.4994],[-100.7022,36.5],[-100.8939,36.4998],[-100.9524,36.4998],[-101.0908,36.5003],[-101.6255,36.5025],[-101.87,36.5034],[-102.1618,36.5004],[-103.0007,36.5013],[-103.0007,36.5905],[-103.0007,36.6732],[-103.0007,36.7643],[-103.0008,36.9341],[-103.0009,36.999],[-102.7973,36.9988],[-102.7859,36.9988],[-102.7808,36.9986],[-102.7016,36.9958],[-102.6943,36.9957],[-102.6757,36.9956],[-102.5627,36.9962],[-102.5372,36.9963],[-102.5034,36.9963],[-102.4775,36.9963],[-102.4577,36.9961],[-102.3931,36.9955],[-102.351,36.9951],[-102.3247,36.9948],[-102.0423,36.9922],[-102.0417,36.9922],[-102.0281,36.9925],[-101.9881,36.9925],[-101.918,36.9929],[-101.5552,36.9951],[-101.544,36.9952],[-101.2679,36.9967],[-101.0671,36.9978],[-100.9536,36.9988],[-100.9441,36.9988]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Beaver\",\"state\":\"OK\"}}]}","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1940-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoff, S.L.","contributorId":107365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70161774,"text":"70161774 - 1940 - Geology and ground-water resources of the islands of Lanai and Kahoolawe, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:46:49","indexId":"70161774","displayToPublicDate":"1940-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the islands of Lanai and Kahoolawe, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Lanai lies 59 miles southeast of Honolulu, Oahu, has an area of 141 square miles, and is 3,370 feet high. (See fig. 1 and pl. 1.) Lanai City is the only town of importance. The island produces pineapples and cattle. The surface above about 1,200 feet is generally covered with lateritic soil, which reaches a maximum depth of about 50 feet. Below this level the island is partly devoid of vegetation and is strewn with boulders, the result of having been once submerged by the ocean to this depth. Traces of various emerged and submerged shore lines are described, the highest fossiliferous marine deposits being 1,070 feet above sea level. Lanai is an eroded extinct basaltic volcano built during one period of activity. No secondary eruptions occurred as on most of the other islands. It has three rift zones and a summit caldera. The summit plateau has resulted from collapse along the northwest rift zone. Elsewhere there is much evidence of faulting. About 100 faults and 275 dikes were recorded, but they are so close together in places that it was not possible to show them all on the map.<br />The climate is semitropical, the mean annual temperature of Lanai City, altitude 1,620 feet, being 68&deg; F. Because Lanai lies to the lee of Maui Island it is dry. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 38 inches on the summit to less than 10 inches on the coast. The windward (northeast) side is carved by streams into deep canyons. Maunalei Gulch has the only perennial stream, and it does not reach the sea. Ground water, the lifeblood of Lanai is scarce. Lanai City obtains some of its water supply by a tunnel from gravel in Maumalei Gulch. This water apparently rises from the dike complex in this gulch. The rest of the supply comes from a recently constructed shaft tapping the dike complex not far downstream. The total quantity of high-level ground water discharged by springs and tunnels ranges from about 600,000 gallons a day in wet weather to about 250,000 gallons a day in dry weather. The basal water, although potable, is fairly high in salt. Several sites are recommended for developing and conserving ground water.<br />Kahoolawe Island is 11 miles long, 6 miles wide, 1,491 feet high, covers 45 square miles, and lies 94 miles southeast of Honolulu and 6 <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> miles southwest of Maui. It is a shield-shaped extinct volcano composed chiefly of thin flows of primitive basalt poured in rapid succession from three rift zones and a vent at their intersection. At one stage the volcano was indented with a caldera about 3 miles across which was later completely filled. A graben led southwestward from it. The rocks are divided into Late Tertiary (?) or early Pleistocene(?) pre-caldera basalts, caldera-filling basalts and basaltic andesites, post-caldera basalts and andesites, and Recent post erosional basalts. A few thin vitric tuff beds and cinder cones were found. Marine erosion has cut cliffs as high as 800 feet along the east and south shores and exposed a cross section of the caldera. Only shallow ephemeral gulches exist. The entire summit has been eroded to a hard-pan surface by the wind as a result of the vegetation being destroyed by livestock. <br />The island is semi-arid and well water is needed for stook: \"The stook is now supplied entirely from storage of rain and flood waters. During droughts water is hauled by boat from the island of Maui. All the wells dug so far yield water that is too brackish for stock except at the fairly inaccessible south side of Kanapou Bay. The resistivity survey indicates a water table 1.5 feet or less above sea level for 2.25 miles inland. A few sites for wells are recommended in the dike complex where small supplies of water suitable for stock might be found. <br />Petrographic studies by Gordon A. Macdonald indicate that the pre-caldera and caldera-filling lavas are largely normal olivine basalt of the type which forms the bulk of all Hawaiian volcanoes thus far investigated. It represents the undifferentiated magma of the Hawaiian petrographic province. Toward the close of the caldera-filling epoch the vent became less active, and magmatic differentiation produced basaltic andesites, which are interbedded with normal basalts. The post-caldera lavas are largely basaltic andesites and andesites. The much younger lavas, erupted after a period of extensive erosion, are olivine basalts similar in composition to the pre-caldera flows. The mineralogy of the Kahoolawe rocks is described in detail.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Advertiser Publishing Co.","publisherLocation":"Honolulu","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Stearns, H.T., Macdonald, G.A., and Swartz, J.H., 1940, Geology and ground-water resources of the islands of Lanai and Kahoolawe, Hawaii: Bulletin 6, xi, 177 p.","productDescription":"xi, 177 p.","numberOfPages":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":313897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70161774.JPG"},{"id":313894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/stearns/Lanai_and_Kahoolawe.pdf","size":"32.3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Kahoolawe, Lanai","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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T.","contributorId":65831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stearns","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macdonald, Gordon Andrew","contributorId":25939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swartz, Joel Howard","contributorId":65481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swartz","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161769,"text":"70161769 - 1940 - Supplement to geology and ground-water resources of Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T08:54:37","indexId":"70161769","displayToPublicDate":"1940-01-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Supplement to geology and ground-water resources of Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Advertiser Publishing Co.","publisherLocation":"Honolulu","usgsCitation":"Stearns, H.T., Swartz, J.H., and Macdonald, G.A., 1940, Supplement to geology and ground-water resources of Oahu, Hawaii: Bulletin 5, 164 p.","productDescription":"164 p.","numberOfPages":"164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":221,"text":"Division of 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Howard","contributorId":65481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swartz","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macdonald, Gordon Andrew","contributorId":25939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2470,"text":"wsp867 - 1940 - Hurricane floods of September 1938","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T20:08:19.655837","indexId":"wsp867","displayToPublicDate":"1940-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"867","title":"Hurricane floods of September 1938","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp867","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C., Bigwood, B.L., Harrington, A.W., Hartwell, O.W., and Kinnison, H.B., 1940, Hurricane floods of September 1938: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 867, Report: ix, 562 p.; 2 Plates: 23.59 x 31.41 inches and 23.90 x 31.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp867.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 562 p.; 2 Plates: 23.59 x 31.41 inches and 23.90 x 31.57 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414731,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24675.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":276496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0867/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":276495,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0867/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":28546,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0867/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0867/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -70,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -70,\n              45\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, Carl G.","contributorId":106865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"Carl G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bigwood, B. L.","contributorId":100823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigwood","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrington, A. W.","contributorId":38531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartwell, O. W.","contributorId":38971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kinnison, H. B.","contributorId":40194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnison","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70198524,"text":"70198524 - 1939 - Ridge-making thin sandstone in Frederick County, Virginia: Chapter C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T16:38:52","indexId":"70198524","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T16:37:25","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Ridge-making thin sandstone in Frederick County, Virginia: Chapter C","docAbstract":"<p>It is generally recognized that massive thick-bedded sandstones and relatively weak shales and soluble limestones form characteristic surface features. The uncommon effect of a thin argillaceous sandstone in producing ridges in an area in northern Virginia, in which the writer has recently done detailed field work, is briefly described in this paper. This bed, with an average thickness of 2 feet, where it crops out in a nearly vertical position, commonly forms discontinuous ridges ranging.in height from a few feet to as much as 20 feet. The areas southeast of Winchester (Fig. 9) and northwest of Stephens City (Fig. 10) were chosen as typical localities to illustrate the ridge-making influence of this sandstone on the local topography.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Virginia Geology--II","publisher":"Virginia Division of Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Charlottesville, VA","usgsCitation":"Edmundson, R., 1939, Ridge-making thin sandstone in Frederick County, Virginia: Chapter C, chap. <i>of</i> Contributions to Virginia Geology--II, v. 51, p. 95-104.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dmme.virginia.gov/commercedocs/bul_51.pdf","text":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Frederick County","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edmundson, R.S.","contributorId":206778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edmundson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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