This period extends from July 1, 1939, to June 30, 1947, and is called the years of World War II, although it was not until December 1941 that the United States entered the war which began in Europe in September 1939. By the beginning of the period, it was evident that this country might be drawn into the conflict and a rearmament program including the draft act , effective in September 1940, was started and prosecuted vigorously prior to December 1941, when the attack on Pearl Harbor forced us into the war. Although the war was not officially ended by June 1947, President Truman proclaimed the end of hostilities on December 31, 1946, thus terminating some of his war-time powers, and by further action terminated other war-time powers as of June 30, 1947.
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It had long been the custom for families to come from considerable distances on horseback and in wagons and camp near the springs, in order to drink the water. In course of time a primitive town, known as Sulphur Springs, grew up near a group of springs known since as Pavilion Springs at the mouth of Sulphur Creek, now known as Travertine Creek. This town was still in existence at the time of my first visit to the locality in July, 1901. At this time, in company with Joseph A. Taff, of the United States Geological Survey, I spent a week riding over the country making a preliminary survey looking toward the setting aside of the area for a National Park.\r\n\r\nAfter the establishment of the National Park, the old town of Sulphur Springs was abandoned, and when the present boundaries of the park had been established the present town of Sulphur, now county seat of Murray County, grew up.\r\n\r\nIn July 1906, on request of Superintendent Joseph F. Swords, I visited the park and made an examination of the various springs and submitted a report, dated August 15, 1906, to Secretary of the Interior E.A. Hitchcock. Copies of this report are on file in the Regional Office and at Platt National Park. In this report I set forth the approximate amount of flow of the various springs, the character of the water in each, and the conditions of the springs as of that date. I also made certain recommendations regarding proposed improvements of each spring.\r\n\r\nIn this report I say: 'In the town of Sulphur, four wells have been drilled to a depth of between 450 and 500 feet in which artesian water has been secured. These wells are said to flow 200,000 gallons each per day.'\r\n\r\nI also say: 'From a study of the log of one of these wells, it appears that the artesian water is derived from the upper part of the Simpson sandstone. It is very probable that the water of the springs is derived from the same source.'\r\n\r\nThis early was recognized the relation between the water from the mineral springs and that from the artesian wells.\r\n\r\nAs the years have passed, other wells have been drilled in the town of Sulphur, chiefly to supply water for mineral baths and for swimming pools, so that to date more than 30 wells have been drilled. The exact number is not known. The custom has usually been to turn the wells loose and permit them to flow at full capacity, although some of the wells have been 'valved in' and the flow reduced. An estimate furnished me by the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce in 1937, referred to later in this report, indicated that at that time 16 wells were flowing approximately 28,800,000 gallons of water per day, practically all of which ran to waste.\r\n\r\nFor many years geologists in Oklahoma and elsewhere have watched this unrestricted waste of water from the artesian wells at Sulphur with growing concern. Remembering the history of other artesian basins throughout the world, these geologists believed that in all probability it was only a question of time until the water in the Sulphur artesian basin would begin to fail. On two different occasions the State Geologist of Oklahoma, bearing these conditions in mind, has prepared and had introduced into the State Legislature a bill which, if enacted into law, would have regulated the flow of water in artesian wells throughout the State. Both bills died in committee.\r\n\r\nPartly on account of the drought of the past three years, the matter has been brought to a head. In September 1938, Buffalo and Antelope Springs at the hea","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr3914","usgsCitation":"Gould, C.N., and Schoff, S.L., 1939, Geological report on water conditions at Platt National Park, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 39-14, 38 leaves, [10] leaves of plates : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr3914.","productDescription":"38 leaves, [10] leaves of plates : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68647d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gould, Charles Newton","contributorId":37309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Newton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoff, Stuart Leeson","contributorId":57951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"Leeson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58016,"text":"ofr398 - 1939 - Water utilization in the basin of South Umpqua River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:31","indexId":"ofr398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"39-8","title":"Water utilization in the basin of South Umpqua River, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr398","usgsCitation":"Helland, R., 1939, Water utilization in the basin of South Umpqua River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 39-8, 33 p.; 5 maps; 10 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr398.","productDescription":"33 p.; 5 maps; 10 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd13b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helland, R.O.","contributorId":72458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helland","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":516,"text":"wsp860 - 1939 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1938 : Part 10, The Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp860","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"860","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1938 : Part 10, The Great Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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L.","contributorId":107264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crandall, Lynn","contributorId":7690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":795,"text":"wsp845 - 1939 - Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States in 1938","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp845","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"845","title":"Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States in 1938","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp845","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., and Wenzel, L., 1939, Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States in 1938: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 845, iv, 724 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp845.","productDescription":"iv, 724 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0845/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25362,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0845/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp821","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1939, Surface water supply of the United States, 1937, Part I, North Atlantic slope basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 821, viii, 441 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp821.","productDescription":"viii, 441 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0821/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0821/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6975ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1238,"text":"wsp842 - 1939 - Floods in the Canadian and Pecos River basins of New Mexico, May and June 1937","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T22:12:44.831439","indexId":"wsp842","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"842","title":"Floods in the Canadian and Pecos River basins of New Mexico, May and June 1937","docAbstract":"In May and June floods occurred in the Canadian and Pecos River Basins of New Mexico that were unusually high and in many places were record breaking. \r\n\r\nThe floods were caused by heavy rains that occurred over the eastern part of the State from May 23 to June 4 in a series of intense and intermittent storms. During these storms of the cloudburst type as much as 12 inches of rain fell in the 13-day period, and a fall of 7 inches in 2 hours and 40 minutes was reported from the vicinity of Clayton. Heavy rains also fell in the mountainous region west of Roswell, amounting to as much as l0 inches at some places. Much of the region that had excessive rainfall is relatively flat and has no well-defined drainage system. From these areas there was very little run-off and practically no water was contributed to the major streams. \r\n\r\nHail fell at many places in eastern New Mexico, causing damage to crops, livestock, and other property. Hail fell somewhere in the Canadian and Pecos River Basins almost every day during the storm period, but the duration of the fall was generally short. The largest hailstones were reported from Clayton, where one stone measured 8 inches in circumference and weighed 9 ounces; at Centerville, where reports state that some stones were 9 to 10 inches in circumference; and near Roswell, where it was reported that six stones would fill a gallon bucket. The Canadian River flood reached a peak at Logan of 110,000 second-feet, which has been exceeded in this century only by the floods of 1904, 1909, and 1914. The total run-off at Logan for the flood period has been computed as 653,800 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nAt Santa Rosa the Pecos River reached a maximum discharge of 88,200 second-feet, which is greater than any previously recorded. This flood was partly stored in the Alamogordo Reservoir; the peak below the reservoir was only 25,200 second-feet. \r\n\r\nThe Pecos River flood at Roswell reached a maximum discharge of more than 80,000 second-feet. This water came mostly from tributaries that have .their sources in the mountainous area west of Roswell. The Cienaga del Macho, ordinarily a small dry creek, discharged about 49,800 second-feet at its peak. The Rio Hondo experienced several flood peaks, the largest at Roswell probably being near 20,000 second-feet. Berrendo Creek, which enters the Rio Hondo near Roswell, had a computed peak discharge of 37,700 second-feet. \r\n\r\nRoswell was subjected to several floods that inundated large areas of the town. Considerable damage was done by the water, which covered nearly all the area occupied by the town. \r\n\r\nLake McMillan, an artificial reservoir on the Pecos River about 12 miles above Carlsbad, was put to a severe strain by the large quantity of water passing through it, but no serious damage resulted. The capacity of the lake at spillway level is about 39,000 acre-feet, but at the peak of the flood the lake held about 86,000 acre-feet. The total quantity of water passing through the lake during the flood period was more than 440,000 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nThis report presents data pertinent to the floods of May and June 1937, including results of peak discharge determinations made at about 14 miscellaneous places, records of peak stages and discharges and of mean daily discharges during the flood period at 23 regular river-measurement stations, records of rainfall at about 190 places, an isohyetal map showing rainfall over the entire State and two isohyetal maps showing rainfall over the Canadian and Pecos River Basins, and a discussion of the weather conditions during the flood period, including an upper-air wind and pressure chart of the United States for May 28, 1937. In addition to the information listed above the report includes a summary of records of past floods at all places in New Mexico at which authentic records were available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp842","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, T., 1939, Floods in the Canadian and Pecos River basins of New Mexico, May and June 1937: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 842, iv, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp842.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24657.htm"},{"id":26167,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0842/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0842/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Canadian and Pecos River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, Tate","contributorId":59420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"Tate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1239,"text":"wsp796G - 1939 - Major Texas floods of 1935","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:19:04","indexId":"wsp796G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"796","chapter":"G","title":"Major Texas floods of 1935","docAbstract":"In localities where highly mineralized water is present in beds above and below the beds that yield the supplies of fresh water it is necessary to be able to locate leaks in wells in order to know whether the wells are being contaminated through holes in the casings or whether the fresh water supply is failing. Four general methods of detecting salt-water leaks have been used. In the pumping method, samples taken at measured time intervals while the well is being pumped show by their progressive change in salinity if salt water is being drawn in. In the velocity method, which is suitable for use only in artesian wells, a current meter lowered into the well indicates the location of possible salt water leaks by determining the levels at which there are changes in the rate of upward movement of the water. In the sampler method a container lowered into the well brings up a sample from any depth desired for analysis of its chloride content. The electric conductivity method, for which special apparatus was designed, has been used successfully in the Winter Garden area and Kleberg County, Tex., and in Sarasota County, Fla. The procedure in this method was to lower a pair of insulated electrodes into the well and measure the resistance of the water between them with the Wheatstone bridge or, in waters low in chloride, to apply a direct current of low voltage and measure the current flowing between .the electrodes by means of a milliammeter. The installments showed a marked increase in the conductivity of the water as the electrodes passed from fresh to salt water in the well, leaving no doubt as to the location of the leaks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp796G","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, T., 1939, Major Texas floods of 1935: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 796, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp796G.","productDescription":"81 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26168,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0796g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0796g/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6496e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, Tate","contributorId":59420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"Tate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1316,"text":"wsp850 - 1939 - Summary of records of surface waters of Texas, 1898-1937","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:22:36","indexId":"wsp850","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"850","title":"Summary of records of surface waters of Texas, 1898-1937","docAbstract":"The first gaging station In Texas urns established on the Rio Grande at El Paso on May 10, 1889, under the provisions of the Act of Congress of October 2, 1888, which authorized the organization of the Irrigation Survey by the United States Geological Survey. A few miscellaneous measurements of streams In central Texas, between Del Rio and Austin, were made, by C. C. Babb of the Geological Survey in 1894, 1895, and 1896. In 1897 T. U. Taylor, professor of civil engineering at the University of Texas, at Austin, began a systematic study for the Geological Survey of as many of the principal streams as the limited funds would permit. In the same year the American section of the International Water Commission began collecting records of flow of the Rio Grande in Texas. Records for the Rio Grande and some of its tributaries from 1897 to 1913, inclusive, collected by that commission under the immediate direction of W. W. Follett, United States consulting engineer, are contained in Geological Survey Water-supply Paper 358. It was not until 1915, when the State Legislature appropriated funds for stream measurement investigations by the Texas Board of Water Engineers, that a substantial beginning toward the systematic collection of stream-flow records was made. The work has been continued and enlarged gradually so that records have been collected at about 230 stations in Texas. In September 1937 86 gaging stations were being maintained in Texas by the Geological Survey and the cooperating agencies. Many miscellaneous discharge measurements have been made at other points. The records collected by the Geological Survey from 1889 to 1937 are now scattered through more than 50 reports, many of which are out of print.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp850","usgsCitation":"Ellsworth, C., 1939, Summary of records of surface waters of Texas, 1898-1937: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 850, vi, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp850.","productDescription":"vi, 154 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26355,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0850/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0850/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellsworth, Clarence E.","contributorId":54575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"Clarence E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}