{"pageNumber":"2705","pageRowStart":"67600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026996,"text":"70026996 - 2004 - Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026996","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan","docAbstract":"Shores of eastern Hokkaido rose by perhaps 1 m a few centuries ago. The uplifted area extended at least 50 km along the southern Kuril Trench. It included the estuaries Akkeshi-ko and Hichirippu, on the Pacific coast, and Fu??ren-ko and Onneto??, which open to the Okhotsk Sea. At each estuary, intertidal and subtidal flats rose with respect to tide level; wetland plants colonized the emerging land; and peaty wetland deposits thereby covered mud and sand of the former flats. Previous work at Akkeshi-ko and Onneto?? showed that such emergence occurred at least three times in the past 3000 years. Volcanic-ash layers date the youngest emergence to the seventeenth century AD. New evidence from Akkeshi-ko, Hichirippu and Fu??ren-ko clarifies the age and amount of this youngest emergence. Much of it probably dates from the century's middle decades. Some of the newly emerged land remained above high tides into the middle of the eighteenth century or later. The emergence in the last half of the seventeenth century probably exceeded 0.5 m (inferred from stratigraphy and diatom palaeoecology) without far exceeding 1 m (estimated by comparing seventeenth- and eighteenth-century descriptions of Akkeshi-ko). The stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the emergence are better explained by tectonic uplift than by bay-mouth blockage, tidal-flat accretion or sea-level fall. Eastern Hokkaido needs occasional uplift, moreover, to help reconcile its raised marine terraces with its chronic twentieth-century subsidence. Because it took place above forearc mantle, eastern Hokkaido's seventeenth-century uplift probably lacks analogy with coseismic uplift that occurs above typical plate-boundary ruptures at subduction zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683604hl726rp","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B., Furakawa, R., Hemphill-Haley, E., Ikeda, Y., Kashima, K., Kawase, K., Kelsey, H., Moore, A., Nanayama, F., Nishimura, Y., Odagiri, S., Ota, Y., Park, S., Satake, K., Sawai, Y., and Shimokawa, K., 2004, Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan: Holocene, v. 14, no. 4, p. 487-501, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl726rp.","startPage":"487","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl726rp"},{"id":235157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d7de4b08c986b318437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, B.F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":14006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furakawa, R.","contributorId":23733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furakawa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, E.","contributorId":69309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ikeda, Y.","contributorId":105096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kashima, K.","contributorId":76474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashima","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kawase, K.","contributorId":60425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawase","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moore, A.L.","contributorId":70931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nanayama, F.","contributorId":77340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanayama","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nishimura, Y.","contributorId":58442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Odagiri, S.","contributorId":54001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odagiri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ota, Y.","contributorId":22504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ota","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Park, S.-C.","contributorId":76111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"S.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Satake, K.","contributorId":53124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sawai, Y.","contributorId":47510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shimokawa, K.","contributorId":29614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimokawa","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":1013518,"text":"1013518 - 2004 - A quantitative approach to identifying predators from nest remains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T20:56:03","indexId":"1013518","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative approach to identifying predators from nest remains","docAbstract":"Nesting success of Dusky Canada Geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis) has declined greatly since a major earthquake affected southern Alaska in 1964. To identify nest predators, we collected predation data at goose nests and photographs of predators at natural nests containing artificial eggs in 1997-2000. To document feeding behavior by nest predators, we compiled the evidence from destroyed nests with known predators on our\r\nstudy site and from previous studies. We constructed a profile for each predator group and compared the evidence from 895 nests with unknown predators to our predator profiles using mixture-model analysis. This analysis indicated that 72% of destroyed nests were depredated by Bald Eagles and 13% by brown bears, and also yielded\r\nthe probability that each nest was correctly assigned to a predator group based on model fit. Model testing using simulations indicated that the proportion estimated for eagle predation was unbiased and the proportion for bear predation was slightly overestimated. This approach may have application whenever there are adequate data on nests destroyed by known predators and predators exhibit different feeding behavior at nests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-75.1.40","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R.M., Grand, J., Fondell, T., and Manly, B., 2004, A quantitative approach to identifying predators from nest remains: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 75, no. 1, p. 40-48, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-75.1.40.","productDescription":"pp. 40-48","startPage":"40","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":54535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manly, B.F.","contributorId":94252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026995,"text":"70026995 - 2004 - Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T16:18:37","indexId":"70026995","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels","docAbstract":"<p>In shallow waters surface gravity waves (tides) propagate with a speed proportional to the square root of water depth (c=g(h+η)). As the ratio of free surface displacement to mean depth (η/h) approaches unity the wave will travel noticeably faster at high tide than at low tide, creating asymmetries in the tidal form. This physical process is explained analytically by the increased significance of friction and the nonlinear terms in the continuity and momentum equations. In a tidal system comprising a shallow bay adjacent to a deeper channel, tidal asymmetries will be more prevalent in the shallow bay. Thus strong barotropic gradients can be generated between the two, producing rapid accelerations of currents into the bay (relative to other bay tidal processes) and create a maximum peak in the flood tide that we describe as a floodtide pulse. These floodtide pulses can promote a landward flux of suspended-sediment into the bay. In Grizzly Bay (part of northern San Francisco Bay, USA), field observations verify the occurrence of floodtide pulses during the lowest low tides of the year. No pulses were observed in neighboring Honker Bay, which has an average depth ~30 cm greater than Grizzly Bay. Numerical simulations of northern San Francisco Bay using realistic bathymetry demonstrated that floodtide pulses occurred in Grizzly Bay but not in Honker Bay, consistent with the observations. Both observations and numerical simulations show that floodtide pulses promote a landward flux of sediment into Grizzly Bay. Numerical simulations of an idealized bay-channel system quantify the importance of mean depth and friction in creating these floodtide pulses.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2003.12.011","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Schoellhamer, D., Ruhl, C., and Burau, J., 2004, Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 60, no. 2, p. 213-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.12.011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59393310546875,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59393310546875,\n              38.507340712903456\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              38.507340712903456\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1223e4b0c8380cd541c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruhl, C.A.","contributorId":61208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026994,"text":"70026994 - 2004 - Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026994","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes","docAbstract":"Major strike-slip earthquakes recently occurred in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on 3 November 2002, and in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on 14 November 2001. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves with Ms [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)] of 8.5 (Denali) and 8.0 (Kunlun). Each event occurred on an east-west-trending strike-slip fault situated near the northern boundary of an intense deformation zone that is characterized by lateral extrusion and rotation of crustal blocks. Each earthquake produced east-directed nearly unilateral ruptures that propagated 300 to 400 km. Maximum lateral surface offsets and maximum moment release occurred well beyond 100 km from the rupture initiation, with the events exhibiting by far the largest separations of USGS hypocenter and Harvard Moment Tensor Centroid (CMT) for strike-slip earthquakes in the 27-year CMT catalog. In each sequence, the largest aftershock was more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the mainshock. Regional moment release had been accelerating prior to the main shocks. The close proximity in space and time of the 1964 Prince William Sound and 2002 Denali earthquakes, relative to their rupture lengths and estimated return times, suggests that these events may be part of a recurrent cluster in the vicinity of a complex plate boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030185","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., 2004, Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 3, p. 1159-1165, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030185.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1165","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030185"},{"id":235121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83ae4b0c8380cd4cf67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013530,"text":"1013530 - 2004 - Foraging depths of sea otters and implications to coastal marine communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:11:18","indexId":"1013530","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging depths of sea otters and implications to coastal marine communities","docAbstract":"<p><span>We visually observed 1,251 dives, of 14 sea otters instrumented with TDRs in southeast Alaska, and used attribute values from observed dives to classify 180,848 recorded dives as foraging (0.64), or traveling (0.36). Foraging dives were significantly deeper, with longer durations, bottom times, and postdive surface intervals, and greater descent and ascent rates, compared to traveling dives. Most foraging occurred in depths between 2 and 30 m (0.84), although 0.16 of all foraging was between 30 and 100 m. Nine animals, including all five males, demonstrated bimodal patterns in foraging depths, with peaks between 5 and 15 m and 30 and 60 m, whereas five of nine females foraged at an average depth of 10 m. Mean shallow foraging depth was 8 m, and mean deep foraging depth was 44 m. Maximum foraging depths averaged 61 m (54 and 82 for females and males, respectively) and ranged from 35 to 100 m. Female sea otters dove to depths ≤20 m on 0.85 of their foraging dives while male sea otters dove to depths ≥45 m on 0.50 of their foraging dives. Less than 0.02 of all foraging dives were &gt;55 m, suggesting that effects of sea otter foraging on nearshore marine communities should diminish at greater depths. However, recolonization of vacant habitat by high densities of adult male sea otters may result in initial reductions of some prey species at depths &gt;55 m.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01159.x","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Esslinger, G.G., and Monson, D., 2004, Foraging depths of sea otters and implications to coastal marine communities: Marine Mammal Science, v. 20, no. 2, p. 305-321, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01159.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"321","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ae4b07f02db50a37d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026223,"text":"70026223 - 2004 - Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026223","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment","docAbstract":"We examined phenotypic variation in growth and development from the eyed-egg stage to the age-1+ smolt stage among five New England populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar: East Machias, Narraguagus, Sheepscot, Penobscot, Connecticut) reared in a common laboratory environment. Study populations originated from rivers varying in size, latitude, and level of hatchery supplementation and included one reintroduced population (Connecticut was a recipient of Penobscot origin stock). Phenotypic trait differences were found among populations, and the degree of stock variation depended on ontogeny. Eggs were smaller and hatched sooner in the Penobscot (a northern, intensively managed population), but no stock differences were detected in size or growth efficiency from the onset of exogenous feeding to age 0+ summer. Differences again emerged in age 0+ autumn, with the degree of bimodality in length-frequency distributions differing among stocks; the Connecticut had the highest proportion of upper-mode fish and, ultimately, age-1+ smolts. Although genetic effects could not be entirely separated from maternal effects for egg size variation, it is likely that differences in hatch timing and smolt age had a genetic basis. Early emphasis on age-1+ hatchery-reared smolts in the Connecticut may have led to divergence in smolt age between the Penobscot and Connecticut populations in less than eight generations. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f05-005","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Obedzinski, M., and Letcher, B., 2004, Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment, <i>in</i> Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 12, p. 2314-2328, https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-005.","startPage":"2314","endPage":"2328","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-005"},{"id":234217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc159e4b08c986b32a526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obedzinski, M.","contributorId":78513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obedzinski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013549,"text":"1013549 - 2004 - Detecting denning polar bears with Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:55:24","indexId":"1013549","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting denning polar bears with Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) imagery","docAbstract":"Polar bears give birth in snow dens in midwinter and remain in dens until early spring. The survival and development of cubs is dependent on a stable environment within the maternal den. To mitigate potential disruption of polar bear denning by existing and proposed petroleum activities, we used forward-looking infrared (FLIR) viewing to try to detect heat rising from dens.We flew transects over dens of radio-collared females with\r\nFLIR imager-equipped aircraft, recorded weather conditions at each observation, and noted whether the den was detected.We surveyed 23 dens on 67 occasions (1 to 7 times each). Nine dens were always detected, and 10 dens visited more than once were detected on some flights but not on others. Four dens were never detected (17 percent), but three of those were visited only under marginal conditions. The odds of detecting a den were 4.8 times greater when airborne moisture (snow, blowing snow, fog, etc.) was absent than when it was present, and they increased 3-fold for every 1?C increase in temperature-dew point spread. The estimated probability of detecting dens in sunlight was 0. Data suggested that FLIR surveys conducted during optimal conditions for detection can produce detection rates approaching 90 percent and thus can be an important management\r\nand mitigation tool.\r\n<p>polar bear, infrared imagery, maternal denning, human impacts, management","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0337:DDPBWF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., York, G., McDonald, T.L., Nielson, R., and Simac, K.S., 2004, Detecting denning polar bears with Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) imagery: BioScience, v. 54, no. 4, p. 337-344, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0337:DDPBWF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0337:ddpbwf]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667c8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"York, G.","contributorId":80223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, T. L.","contributorId":101211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielson, R.","contributorId":23889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026581,"text":"70026581 - 2004 - The habitats exploited and the species trapped in a Caribbean island trap fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026581","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The habitats exploited and the species trapped in a Caribbean island trap fishery","docAbstract":"We visually observed fish traps in situ to identify the habitats exploited by the U.S. Virgin Islands fishery and to document species composition and abundance in traps by habitat. Fishers set more traps in algal plains than in any other habitat around St. John. Coral reefs, traditionally targeted by fishers, accounted for only 16% of traps. Traps in algal plain contained the highest number of fishes per trap and the greatest numbers of preferred food species. Traps on coral reefs contained the most species, 41 of the 59 taxa observed in the study. Acanthurus coeruleus was the most abundant species and Acanthuridae the most abundant family observed in traps. Piscivore numbers were low and few serranids were observed. Traps in algal plain contained the most fishes as a result of: ecological changes such as shifts in habitat use, mobility of species and degradation of nearshore habitat (fishery independent); and, catchability of fishes and long-term heavy fishing pressure (fishery dependent). The low number of serranids per trap, dominance of the piscivore guild by a small benthic predator, Epinephelus guttatus, and dominance of trap contents overall by a small, fast-growing species of a lower trophic guild, Acanthurus coeruleus, all point to years of intense fishing pressure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-004-0301-x","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Garrison, V., Rogers, C., Beets, J., and Friedlander, A.M., 2004, The habitats exploited and the species trapped in a Caribbean island trap fishery: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 71, no. 3, p. 247-260, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-0301-x.","startPage":"247","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208518,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-0301-x"},{"id":234310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacace4b08c986b323661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, C.S. 0000-0001-9056-6961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":37274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beets, J.","contributorId":95640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beets","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedlander, A. M.","contributorId":38099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026993,"text":"70026993 - 2004 - Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T12:53:25","indexId":"70026993","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis (CSCIA and CSHIA) has been increasingly used to study the source, transport, and bioremediation of organic contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons. In natural aquatic systems, dissolved contaminants represent the bioavailable fraction that generally is of the greatest toxicological significance. However, determining the isotopic ratios of waterborne hydrophobic contaminants in natural waters is very challenging because of their extremely low concentrations (often at sub-parts ber billion, or even lower). To acquire sufficient quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 10 ng/L concentration for CSHIA, more than 1000 L of water must be extracted. Conventional liquid/liquid or solid-phase extraction is not suitable for such large volume extractions. We have developed a new approach that is capable of efficiently sampling sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons for CSIA. We use semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to accumulate hydrophobic contaminants from polluted waters and then recover the compounds in the laboratory for CSIA. In this study, we demonstrate, under a variety of experimental conditions (different concentrations, temperatures, and turbulence levels), that SPMD-associated processes do not induce C and H isotopic fractionations. The applicability of SPMD-CSIA technology to natural systems is further demonstrated by determining the ??13C and ??D values of petroleum hydrocarbons present in the Pawtuxet River, RI. Our results show that the combined SPMD-CSIA is an effective tool to investigate the source and fate of hydrophobic contaminants in the aquatic environments.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es035470i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Huckins, J., and Petty, J.D., 2004, Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 13, p. 3689-3697, https://doi.org/10.1021/es035470i.","startPage":"3689","endPage":"3697","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208958,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es035470i"}],"volume":"38","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93ee4b0c8380cd4d508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Y.","contributorId":64213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Y.","contributorId":62000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1013572,"text":"1013572 - 2004 - Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T12:01:50","indexId":"1013572","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001","docAbstract":"<p><span>Melt onset dates, freeze onset dates, and melt season duration were estimated over Arctic sea ice, 1979–2001, using passive microwave satellite imagery and surface air temperature data. Sea ice melt duration for the entire Northern Hemisphere varied from a 104-day minimum in 1983 and 1996 to a 124-day maximum in 1989. Ranges in melt duration were highest in peripheral seas, numbering 32, 42, 44, and 51 days in the Laptev, Barents-Kara, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas, respectively. In the Arctic Ocean, average melt duration varied from a 75-day minimum in 1987 to a 103-day maximum in 1989. On average, melt onset in annual ice began 10.6 days earlier than perennial ice, and freeze onset in perennial ice commenced 18.4 days earlier than annual ice. Average annual melt dates, freeze dates, and melt durations in annual ice were significantly correlated with seasonal strength of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Following high-index AO winters (January–March), spring melt tended to be earlier and autumn freeze later, leading to longer melt season durations. The largest increases in melt duration were observed in the eastern Siberian Arctic, coincident with cyclonic low pressure and ice motion anomalies associated with high-index AO phases. Following a positive AO shift in 1989, mean annual melt duration increased 2–3 weeks in the northern East Siberian and Chukchi Seas. Decreasing correlations between consecutive-year maps of melt onset in annual ice during 1979–2001 indicated increasing spatial variability and unpredictability in melt distributions from one year to the next. Despite recent declines in the winter AO index, recent melt distributions did not show evidence of reestablishing spatial patterns similar to those observed during the 1979–88 low-index AO period. Recent freeze distributions have become increasingly similar to those observed during 1979–88, suggesting a recurrent spatial pattern of freeze chronology under low-index AO conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0067:DOTASI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., and Platonov, N.G., 2004, Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 1, p. 67-80, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0067:DOTASI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0067:dotasi>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a041ae4b0c8380cd507b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026991,"text":"70026991 - 2004 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70026991","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 306 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 2002. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., and Zirbes, M., 2004, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 145, no. 1-4, p. 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002.","startPage":"203","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208956,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002"},{"id":235084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d43e4b0c8380cd70281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zirbes, M.D.","contributorId":27620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026180,"text":"70026180 - 2004 - Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026180","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta","docAbstract":"The Barataria barrier coast formed between two major distributaries of the Mississippi River delta: the Plaquemines deltaic headland to the east and the Lafourche deltaic headland to the west. Rapid relative sea-level rise (1??03 cm year-1) and other erosional processes within Barataria Bay have led to substantial increases in the area of open water (> 775 km2 since 1956) and the attendant bay tidal prism. Historically, the increase in tidal discharge at inlets has produced larger channel cross-sections and prograding ebb-tidal deltas. For example, the ebb delta at Barataria Pass has built seaward > 2??2 km since the 1880s. Shoreline erosion and an increasing bay tidal prism also facilitated the formation of new inlets. Four major lithofacies characterize the Barataria coast ebb-tidal deltas and associated sedimentary environments. These include a proximal delta facies composed of massive to laminated, fine grey-brown to pale yellow sand and a distal delta facies consisting of thinly laminated, grey to pale yellow sand and silty sand with mud layers. The higher energy proximal delta deposits contain a greater percentage of sand (75-100%) compared with the distal delta sediments (60-80%). Associated sedimentary units include a nearshore facies consisting of horizontally laminated, fine to very fine grey sand with mud layers and an offshore facies that is composed of grey to dark grey, laminated sandy silt to silty clay. All facies coarsen upwards except the offshore facies, which fines upwards. An evolutionary model is presented for the stratigraphic development of the ebb-tidal deltas in a regime of increasing tidal energy resulting from coastal land loss and tidal prism growth. Ebb-tidal delta facies prograde over nearshore sediments, which interfinger with offshore facies. The seaward decrease in tidal current velocity of the ebb discharge produces a gradational contact between proximal and distal tidal delta facies. As the tidal discharge increases and the inlet grows in dimensions, the proximal and distal tidal delta facies prograde seawards. Owing to the relatively low gradient of the inner continental shelf, the ebb-tidal delta lithosome is presently no more than 5 m thick and is generally only 2-3 m in thickness. The ebb delta sediment is sourced from deepening of the inlet and the associated channels and from the longshore sediment transport system. The final stage in the model envisages erosion and segmentation of the barrier chain, leading to a decrease in tidal discharge through the former major inlets. This process ultimately results in fine-grained sedimentation seaward of the inlets and the encasement of the ebb-tidal delta lithosome in mud. The ebb-tidal deltas along the Barataria coast are distinguished from most other ebb deltas along sand-rich coasts by their muddy content and lack of large-scale stratification produced by channel cut-and-fills and bar migration. ?? 2004 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"FitzGerald, D.M., Kulp, M., Penland, S., Flocks, J., and Kindinger, J., 2004, Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta: Sedimentology, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1157-1178, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1178","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x"},{"id":234665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e35e4b0c8380cd70884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, M.","contributorId":39988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penland, S.","contributorId":58778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penland","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, J.","contributorId":36724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindinger, J.","contributorId":68514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026259,"text":"70026259 - 2004 - Carbon dioxide transport over complex terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026259","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Carbon dioxide transport over complex terrain","docAbstract":"The nocturnal transport of carbon dioxide over complex terrain was investigated. The high carbon dioxide under very stable conditions flows to local low-ground. The regional drainage flow dominates the carbon dioxide transport at the 6 m above the ground and carbon dioxide was transported to the regional low ground. The results show that the local drainage flow was sensitive to turbulent mixing associated with local wind shear.","largerWorkTitle":"26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","conferenceTitle":"26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","conferenceDate":"23 August 2004 through 26 August 2004","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Burns, S.P., Delany, A., Oncley, S., Turnipseed, A., Stephens, B., Guenther, A., Anderson, D., and Monson, R., 2004, Carbon dioxide transport over complex terrain, <i>in</i> 26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vancouver, BC, 23 August 2004 through 26 August 2004, p. 29-32.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f362e4b0c8380cd4b781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Sean P.","contributorId":98921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delany, A.C.","contributorId":24966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delany","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oncley, S.P.","contributorId":13416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oncley","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turnipseed, A.","contributorId":88518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, B.","contributorId":45087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guenther, A.","contributorId":74923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenther","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, D.E.","contributorId":47320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Monson, R.","contributorId":30410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026970,"text":"70026970 - 2004 - Environmental behavior of two molybdenum porphyry systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026970","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental behavior of two molybdenum porphyry systems","docAbstract":"Our study focuses on the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of a variety of molybdenum (Mo) porphyry systems. The systems are either high fluorine, granite, Climax-type, systems (e.g. Mount Emmons/ Redwell Mo deposit, Colorado and Questa Mo deposit, New Mexico) or low fluorine granodiorite systems (e.g. Buckingham Stockwork Mo deposit, Battle Mountain, Nevada and Cannivan Gulch Mo deposit, Montana). The water quality of streams, natural springs, mine discharge, and ground water from drill holes were assessed in the region of these deposits. The ultimate goal of our study is to understand the environmental behavior of these Mo porphyry systems in the context of geologic setting, hydrologic regime, and climate.","largerWorkTitle":"2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints","conferenceTitle":"2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints","conferenceDate":"23 February 2004 through 25 February 2004","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Wanty, R., and Berger, B.R., 2004, Environmental behavior of two molybdenum porphyry systems, <i>in</i> 2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints, Denver, CO, 23 February 2004 through 25 February 2004, p. 443-452.","startPage":"443","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09a2e4b0c8380cd51fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M.L.W.","contributorId":11812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027285,"text":"70027285 - 2004 - Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027285","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, resulted in a large, north-facing amphitheater, with a steep headwall rising 700 m above the crater floor. In this deeply shaded niche a glacier, here named the Amphitheater glacier, has formed. Tongues of ice-containing crevasses extend from the main ice mass around both the east and the west sides of the lava dome that occupies the center of the crater floor. Aerial photographs taken in September 1996 reveal a small glacier in the southwest portion of the amphitheater containing several crevasses and a bergschrund-like feature at its head. The extent of the glacier at this time is probably about 0.1 km2. By September 2001, the debris-laden glacier had grown to about 1 km2 in area, with a maximum thickness of about 200 m, and contained an estimated 120,000,000 m3 of ice and rock debris. Approximately one-third of the volume of the glacier is thought to be rock debris derived mainly from rock avalanches from the surrounding amphitheater walls. The newly formed Amphitheater glacier is not only the largest glacier on Mount St. Helens but its aerial extent exceeds that of all other remaining glaciers combined. Published by University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.002","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S., Carrara, P., Thompson, R.A., and Iwatsubo, E., 2004, Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 61, no. 3, p. 325-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.002.","startPage":"325","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.002"},{"id":235344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e7ee4b0c8380cd7a598","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrara, P. E.","contributorId":33727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, R. A.","contributorId":100420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwatsubo, E.Y.","contributorId":20753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"E.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027282,"text":"70027282 - 2004 - Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater: Biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027282","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater: Biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities","docAbstract":"The biodegradation pathways of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (112TCA) and the associated microbial communities in anaerobic wetland sediments were evaluated using concurrent geochemical and genetic analyses over time in laboratory microcosm experiments. Experimental results were compared to in situ porewater data in the wetland to better understand the factors controlling daughter product distributions in a chlorinated solvent plume discharging to a freshwater tidal wetland at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Microcosms constructed with wetland sediment from two sites showed little difference in the initial degradation steps of TeCA, which included simultaneous hydrogenolysis to 112TCA and dichloroelimination to 1,2-dichloroethene (12DCE). The microcosms from the two sites showed a substantial difference, however, in the relative dominance of subsequent dichloroelimination of 112TCA. A greater dominance of 112TCA dichloroelimination in microcosms constructed with sediment that was initially iron-reducing and subsequently simultaneously iron-reducing and methanogenic caused approximately twice as much vinyl chloride (VC) production as microcosms constructed with sediment that was methanogenic only throughout the incubation. The microcosms with higher VC production also showed substantially more rapid VC degradation. Field measurements of redox-sensitive constituents, TeCA, and its anaerobic degradation products along flowpaths in the wetland porewater also showed greater production and degradation of VC with concurrent methanogenesis and iron reduction. Molecular fingerprinting indicated that bacterial species [represented by a peak at a fragment size of 198 base pairs (bp) by MnlI digest] are associated with VC production from 112TCA dichloroelimination, whereas methanogens (190 and 307 bp) from the Methanococcales or Methanobacteriales family are associated with VC production from 12DCE hydrogenolysis. Acetate-utilizing methanogens (acetotrophs) appear to be involved in the biodegradation of VC. The relative abundance of Methanosarcinaceae, the only methanogen group with acetotrophic members, doubled in microcosms in which degradation of VC was observed. In addition, molecular analyses using primers specific for known dehalorespiring bacteria in the Dehalococcoides and Desulfuromonas groups showed the presence of these bacteria in microcosm slurry from the site that showed the highest VC production and degradation. Determination of biogeochemical controls and microbial consortia involved in TeCA degradation is leading to a better understanding of the heterogeneity in biodegradation rates and daughter product distribution in the wetland, improving capabilities for developing remediation and monitoring plans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.010","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M., and Voytek, M., 2004, Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater: Biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 70, no. 1-2, p. 117-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.010.","startPage":"117","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.010"},{"id":235271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe54e4b0c8380cd4ec94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, M.M.","contributorId":29002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179785,"text":"70179785 - 2004 - White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam, Annual progress report April 2002 - March 2003. Report C ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T15:56:07","indexId":"70179785","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam, Annual progress report April 2002 - March 2003. Report C ","docAbstract":"<p>During 1 April 2002 through 31 March 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) continued work on several tasks, including quantifying habitat suitable for white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus spawning, a long-term survey of young-of-the-year (YOY) white sturgeon recruitment in the lower Columbia River, and a laboratory study investigating predation on larval and juvenile white sturgeon. River discharge and water temperatures that occurred during April through July 2002 provided relatively good conditions for spawning by white sturgeon downstream from Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day, and McNary dams. Optimal spawning temperatures in the four tailraces occurred for approximately three weeks and during a period of relatively high river discharge. Our monthly estimates of the index of spawning habitat showed that the availability of habitat for spawning peaked in June at levels higher than the average of past years. However, indices for the month of May were less than average in all four tailraces. YOY white sturgeon were collected during bottom trawling in Bonneville and The Dalles reservoirs, but none were captured in the John Day Reservoir. In an ongoing comparison of indices of abundance derived from bottom trawls and gill nets, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife also caught YOY white sturgeon in gill nets set in The Dalles Reservoir, but none in the John Day Reservoir. The third year of a three-year laboratory predation study was completed. Adult channel catfish ingested white sturgeon up to a mean total length of about 120 mm, and juvenile walleye ate white sturgeon up to a mean length of 53 mm. When white sturgeon and coho salmon were both available as prey, northern pikeminnow continued to ingest white sturgeon, but in most cases preferred salmon. Conversely, prickly sculpins preferred white sturgeon over goldfish as prey. The presence of cover and also lower light levels reduced predation by sculpins on white sturgeon larvae, but cover did not reduce predation on white sturgeon juveniles. Similar to the past two years, turbidity affected predation of white sturgeon larvae by prickly sculpins, with less sturgeon ingested at higher turbidities. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Gadomski, D., Parsley, M., and Kofoot, P., 2004, White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam, Annual progress report April 2002 - March 2003. Report C , 32 p. .","productDescription":"32 p. ","startPage":"70","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.89914703369139,\n              45.687715074360916\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9207763671875,\n              45.67764111679879\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92146301269531,\n              45.659167483312785\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.94412231445314,\n              45.65484809235974\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97021484374999,\n              45.64524825291491\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98291778564455,\n              45.63396633909786\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00489044189453,\n              45.63084540868369\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01381683349611,\n              45.62892474973852\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00523376464842,\n              45.60995470865843\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.94652557373045,\n              45.628444574718564\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89331054687499,\n              45.65004837830723\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.87854766845703,\n              45.671883755186784\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85451507568358,\n              45.6819587493002\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.87408447265625,\n              45.70210329565788\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89914703369139,\n              45.687715074360916\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3ddbe4b0d96de256457a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kofoot, P.","contributorId":177790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kofoot","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027290,"text":"70027290 - 2004 - Age estimation for shovelnose sturgeon: A cautionary note based on annulus formation in pectoral fin rays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027290","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age estimation for shovelnose sturgeon: A cautionary note based on annulus formation in pectoral fin rays","docAbstract":"Numerous studies have examined the age and growth of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, but only one study attempted to validate age estimation techniques. Therefore, our objective was to use marginal increment analysis to validate annulus formation in pectoral fin rays of shovelnose sturgeon collected from the Missouri River. We also compared the precision of age estimates between two different readers. Marginal increment distance indicated that for most of the populations an opaque band was laid down in pectoral fin rays during the summer. However, opaque bands were formed throughout the year in some individuals, which could be problematic when using fin rays for age estimation. The agreement of age estimates by two readers for shovelnose sturgeon was only 18%, and differences in ages between the two readers increased for older fish. The presence of split annuli, false annuli, spawning bands, imbedded rays, and deteriorating sections made individual growth rings difficult to separate. Our findings verified that opaque bands are formed annually during the summer in the pectoral fin rays of most shovelnose sturgeon, but some individuals form opaque bands during other times. Pectoral fin rays will probably continue to be the most practical method of age estimation in shovelnose sturgeon, but ages estimated by this method should be used with caution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-090.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Whiteman, K., Travnichek, V., Wildhaber, M., DeLonay, A., Papoulias, D., and Tillett, D., 2004, Age estimation for shovelnose sturgeon: A cautionary note based on annulus formation in pectoral fin rays: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 2, p. 731-734, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-090.1.","startPage":"731","endPage":"734","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-090.1"},{"id":235420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8ebe4b0c8380cd47f8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiteman, K.W.","contributorId":41635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Travnichek, V.H.","contributorId":104684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travnichek","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeLonay, A.","contributorId":103054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Papoulias, D. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":33886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillett, D.","contributorId":76918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillett","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027284,"text":"70027284 - 2004 - Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T13:50:51.405404","indexId":"70027284","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic velocity and attenuation anomalies in the mantle are commonly interpreted in terms of temperature variations on the basis of laboratory studies of elastic and anelastic properties of rocks. In order to evaluate the relative contributions of thermal and non-thermal effects on anomalies of attenuation of seismic shear waves,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sup>−1</sup><sub>s</sub></i>, and seismic velocity,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i>, we compare global maps of the thermal structure of the continental upper mantle with global<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sup>−1</sup><sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>maps as determined from Rayleigh waves at periods between 40 and 150 s. We limit the comparison to three continental mantle depths (50, 100 and 150 km), where model resolution is relatively high.</p><p>The available data set does not indicate that, at a global scale, seismic anomalies in the upper mantle are controlled solely by temperature variations. Continental maps have correlation coefficients of &lt;0.56 between<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and of &lt;0.47 between<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at any depth. Such low correlation coefficients can partially be attributed to modelling artefacts; however, they also suggest that not all of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>anomalies in the continental upper mantle can be explained by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>variations.</p><p>Global maps show that, by the sign of the anomaly,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>usually inversely correlate with lithospheric temperatures: most cratonic regions show high<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and low<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>, while most active regions have seismic and thermal anomalies of the opposite sign. The strongest inverse correlation is found at a depth of 100 km, where the attenuation model is best resolved. Significantly, at this depth, the contours of near-zero<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>anomalies approximately correspond to the 1000 °C isotherm, in agreement with laboratory measurements that show a pronounced increase in seismic attenuation in upper mantle rocks at 1000–1100 °C. East–west profiles of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>where continental data coverage is best (50°N latitude for North America and 60°N latitude for Eurasia) further demonstrate that temperature plays a dominant, but non-unique, role in determining the value of lithospheric<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i>.</p><p>At 100 km depth, where the resolution of seismic models is the highest, we compare observed seismic<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>with theoretical<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sup>T</sup><sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sup>T</sup><sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>values, respectively, that are calculated solely from temperature anomalies and constrained by experimental data on temperature dependencies of velocity and attenuation. This comparison shows that temperature variations alone are sufficient to explain seismic<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ca</i><span>&nbsp;</span>50 per cent of continental regions. We hypothesize that compositional anomalies resulting from Fe depletion can explain the misfit between seismic and theoretical<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>in cratonic lithosphere. In regions of active tectonics, temperature effects alone cannot explain seismic<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>in the lithosphere. It is likely that partial melts and/or fluids may affect seismic parameters in these regions. This study demonstrates that lithospheric temperature plays the dominant role in controlling<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>anomalies, but other physical parameters, such as compositional variations, fluids, partial melting and scattering, may also play a significant role in determining<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>variations in the continental mantle.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02195.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Artemieva, I., Billien, M., Leveque, J., and Mooney, W.D., 2004, Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle: Geophysical Journal International, v. 157, no. 2, p. 607-628, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02195.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"628","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02195.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e59e4b08c986b3188af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artemieva, I.M.","contributorId":71728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artemieva","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Billien, M.","contributorId":12246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billien","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leveque, J.-J.","contributorId":52770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leveque","given":"J.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027283,"text":"70027283 - 2004 - Infection experiments with Aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027283","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infection experiments with Aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish","docAbstract":"Along the eastern seaboard of the US, Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, develop characteristic ulcerative lesions, a condition termed ulcerative mycosis. These lesions are identical to those seen across Asia in fish affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome, a condition caused by the fungus-like oomycete Aphanomyces Invadans. Young-of-the-year menhaden inhabiting estuarine environments are the primary species affected in the USA and little is known about the factors involved in the initiation of the lesions, or why menhaden are predominantly infected. Atlantic menhaden, hogchoker, Trinectus maculatus, striped killifish, Fundulus majalis, and mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, were inoculated with A. invadans (80 zoospores per fish) to explore species differences in infection and lesion development. All four species developed lesions. Killifish developed frank lesions similar to those observed in menhaden but the gross lesions occurred later, approximately 5-10 days after those on menhaden. Hogchoker and mummichog did not develop gross skin ulcers; rather, their lesions appeared as reddened areas under the epidermis. Mummichogs also showed evidence of significant healing with a well-developed granuloma and significant myocyte regeneration. These experiments show that species barriers as well as ecological barriers can explain some of the factors involved in the development of lesions in, and specificity of the water mould for, menhaden.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00544.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., Zabrecky, J., Kiryu, Y., and Shields, J.D., 2004, Infection experiments with Aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 27, no. 5, p. 287-295, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00544.x.","startPage":"287","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00544.x"},{"id":235305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3acbe4b0c8380cd61f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.A.","contributorId":93864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zabrecky, J.","contributorId":107478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabrecky","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiryu, Y.","contributorId":108060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiryu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shields, J. D.","contributorId":95841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176938,"text":"70176938 - 2004 - A holistic passive integrative sampling approach for assessing the presence and potential impacts of waterborne environmental contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:52:39","indexId":"70176938","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A holistic passive integrative sampling approach for assessing the presence and potential impacts of waterborne environmental contaminants","docAbstract":"<p><span>As an integral part of our continuing research in environmental quality assessment approaches, we have developed a variety of passive integrative sampling devices widely applicable for use in defining the presence and potential impacts of a broad array of contaminants. The semipermeable membrane device has gained widespread use for sampling hydrophobic chemicals from water and air, the polar organic chemical integrative sampler is applicable for sequestering waterborne hydrophilic organic chemicals, the stabilized liquid membrane device is used to integratively sample waterborne ionic metals, and the passive integrative mercury sampler is applicable for sampling vapor phase or dissolved neutral mercury species. This suite of integrative samplers forms the basis for a new passive sampling approach for assessing the presence and potential toxicological significance of a broad spectrum of environmental contaminants. In a proof-of-concept study, three of our four passive integrative samplers were used to assess the presence of a wide variety of contaminants in the waters of a constructed wetland, and to determine the effectiveness of the constructed wetland in removing contaminants. The wetland is used for final polishing of secondary-treatment municipal wastewater and the effluent is used as a source of water for a state wildlife area. Numerous contaminants, including organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organophosphate pesticides, and pharmaceutical chemicals (e.g., ibuprofen, oxindole, etc.) were detected in the wastewater. Herein we summarize the results of the analysis of the field-deployed samplers and demonstrate the utility of this holistic approach.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.015","usgsCitation":"Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., Alvarez, D., Brumbaugh, W.G., Cranor, W., Gale, R., Rastall, A., Jones-Lepp, T., Leiker, T., Rostad, C.E., and Furlong, E., 2004, A holistic passive integrative sampling approach for assessing the presence and potential impacts of waterborne environmental contaminants: Chemosphere, v. 54, no. 6, p. 695-705, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"705","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffdf00e4b0824b2d179d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":121189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gale, R.W.","contributorId":81653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rastall, A.C.","contributorId":105503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastall","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones-Lepp, T. L.","contributorId":11806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Lepp","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rostad, C. E.","contributorId":120101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70027286,"text":"70027286 - 2004 - Observations and temperatures of Io's Pele Patera from Cassini and Galileo spacecraft images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T12:00:15","indexId":"70027286","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations and temperatures of Io's Pele Patera from Cassini and Galileo spacecraft images","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pele has been the most intense high-temperature hotspot on Io to be continuously active during the Galileo monitoring from 1996–2001. A suite of characteristics suggests that Pele is an active lava lake inside a volcanic depression. In 2000–2001, Pele was observed by two spacecraft, Cassini and Galileo. The Cassini observations revealed that Pele is variable in activity over timescales of minutes, typical of active lava lakes in Hawaii and Ethiopia. These observations also revealed that the short-wavelength&nbsp;thermal emission&nbsp;from Pele decreases with rotation of Io by a factor significantly greater than the cosine of the emission angle, and that the color temperature becomes more variable and hotter at high emission angles. This behavior suggests that a significant portion of the visible thermal emission from Pele comes from lava fountains within a topographically confined lava body.&nbsp;High spatial resolution, nightside images from a Galileo flyby in October 2001 revealed a large, relatively cool (&lt;800&nbsp;K) region, ringed by bright hotspots, and a central region of high thermal emission, which is hypothesized to be due to fountaining and convection in the lava lake. Images taken through different filters revealed color temperatures of 1500±80&nbsp;K from Cassini ISS data and 1605±220 and 1420±100&nbsp;K from small portions of Galileo SSI data. Such temperatures are near the upper limit for basaltic compositions. Given the limitations of deriving lava eruption temperature in the absence of&nbsp;</span>in situ measurement<span>, it is possible that Pele has lavas with ultramafic compositions. The long-lived, vigorous activity of what is most likely an actively overturning lava lake in Pele Patera indicates that there is a strong connection to a large, stable&nbsp;magma&nbsp;source region.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.019","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Radebaugh, J., McEwen, A.S., Milazzo, M.P., Keszthelyi, L., Davies, A., Turtle, E.P., and Dawson, D.D., 2004, Observations and temperatures of Io's Pele Patera from Cassini and Galileo spacecraft images: Icarus, v. 169, no. 1, p. 65-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209133,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.019"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a70e4b0c8380cd74177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dawson, Douglas D.","contributorId":210493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70176655,"text":"70176655 - 2004 - Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T13:15:22","indexId":"70176655","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most of epidemiological theory has been developed for terrestrial systems, but the significance of disease in the ocean is now being recognized. However, the extent to which terrestrial epidemiology can be directly transferred to marine systems is uncertain. Many broad types of disease-causing organism occur both on land and in the sea, and it is clear that some emergent disease problems in marine environments are caused by pathogens moving from terrestrial to marine systems. However, marine systems are qualitatively different from terrestrial environments, and these differences affect the application of modelling and management approaches that have been developed for terrestrial systems. Phyla and body plans are more diverse in marine environments and marine organisms have different life histories and probably different disease transmission modes than many of their terrestrial counterparts. Marine populations are typically more open than terrestrial ones, with the potential for long-distance dispersal of larvae. Potentially, this might enable unusually rapid propagation of epidemics in marine systems, and there are several examples of this. Taken together, these differences will require the development of new approaches to modelling and control of infectious disease in the ocean.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.009","usgsCitation":"McCallum, H.I., Kuris, A.M., Harvell, C.D., Lafferty, K.D., Smith, G.W., and Porter, J., 2004, Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 19, no. 11, p. 585-591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"591","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Does_terrestrial_epidemiology_apply_to_marine_systems_/22860299","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c98e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCallum, Hamish I.","contributorId":127713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallum","given":"Hamish","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7117,"text":"Griffith University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvell, C. Drew","contributorId":93614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Garriet W.","contributorId":49715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Garriet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Porter, James","contributorId":152399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027280,"text":"70027280 - 2004 - The coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge at seismogenic depths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T16:08:10.457924","indexId":"70027280","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge at seismogenic depths","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report new strength data for the serpentine mineral chrysotile at effective normal stresses, σ</span><sub>n</sub><span>&nbsp;between 40 and 200 MPa in the temperature range 25°-280°C. Overall, the coefficient of friction, μ (= shear stress/effective normal stress) of water-saturated chrysotile gouge increases both with increasing temperature and σ</span><sub>n</sub><span>, but the rates vary and the temperature-related increases begin at ~100°C. As a result, a frictional strength minimum (μ = 0.1) occurs at low σ</span><sub>n</sub><span>&nbsp;at about 100°C. Maximum strength (μ = 0.55) results from a combination of high normal stress and high temperature. The low-strength region is characterized by velocity strengthening and the high-strength region by velocity-weakening behavior. Thoroughly dried chrysotile has μ = 0.7 and is velocity-weakening. The frictional properties of chrysotile can be explained by its tendency to adsorb large amounts of water that acts as a lubricant during shear. The water is progressively driven off the fiber surfaces with increasing temperature and pressure, causing chrysotile to approach its dry strength. Depth profiles for a chrysotile-lined fault constructed from these data would pass through a strength minimum at ~3 km depth, where sliding should be stable. Below that depth, strength increases rapidly as does the tendency for unstable (seismic) slip. Such a trend would not have been predicted from the room-temperature data. These results therefore illustrate the potential hazards of extrapolating room-temperature friction data to predict fault zone behavior at depth. This depth profile for chrysotile is consistent with the pattern of slip on the Hayward fault, which creeps aseismically at shallow depths but which may be locked below 5 km depth.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.46.5.385","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., Lockner, D., Tanaka, H., and Iwata, K., 2004, The coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge at seismogenic depths: International Geology Review, v. 46, no. 5, p. 385-398, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.46.5.385.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa3be4b08c986b32277c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanaka, H.","contributorId":35521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwata, K.","contributorId":83718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwata","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176652,"text":"70176652 - 2004 - Fire effects on the Point Reyes Mountain Beaver at Point Reyes National Seashore, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T13:04:46","indexId":"70176652","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire effects on the Point Reyes Mountain Beaver at Point Reyes National Seashore, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>In October 1995, a wildlands fire burned 5,000 ha on the Point Reyes peninsula, California, USA. In most of the nonforested areas, the fire effectively cleared the ground of litter and vegetation and revealed thousands of Point Reyes mountain beaver (</span><i>Aplodontia rufa phaea</i><span>) burrow openings. In the first 6 months after the fire, we surveyed burned coastal scrub and riparian habitat to (1) count the number of burrow openings that existed at the time of the fire, and (2) evaluate whether signs of post-fire mountain beaver activity were evident. We estimated that only 0.4–1.7% of mountain beavers within the burn area survived the fire and immediate post-fire period. We monitored mountain beaver activity for 5 years at 8 sites where mountain beavers survived, and found little or no recovery. We estimate that the mountain beaver population will take 15–20 years post-fire to recover.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0503:FEOTPR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Pratt, D., and Griffin, J.L., 2004, Fire effects on the Point Reyes Mountain Beaver at Point Reyes National Seashore, California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 3, p. 503-508, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0503:FEOTPR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"508","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, David","contributorId":174869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Jennifer L.","contributorId":57394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}