Samples from 107 piñon pines (Pinns edulis) at four sites were used to develop a proxy record of annual (June to June) precipitation spanning the 1226 to 2001 AD interval for the Uinta Basin Watershed of northeastern Utah. The reconstruction reveals significant precipitation variability at interannual to decadal scales. Single-year dry events before the instrumental period tended to be more severe than those after 1900. In general, decadal scale dry events were longer and more severe prior to 1900. In particular, dry events in the late 13th, 16th, and 18th Centuries surpass the magnitude and duration of droughts seen in the Uinta Basin after 1900. The last four decades of the 20th Century also represent one of the wettest periods in the reconstruction. The proxy record indicates that the instrumental record (approximately 1900 to the Present) underestimates the potential frequency and severity of severe, sustained droughts in this area, while over representing the prominence of wet episodes. In the longer record, the empirical probability of any decadal scale drought exceeding the duration of the 1954 through 1964 drought is 94 percent, while the probability for any wet event exceeding the duration of the 1965 through 1999 wet spell is only 1 percent. Hence, estimates of future water availability in the Uinta Basin and forecasts for exports to the Colorado River, based on the 1961 to 1990 and 1971 to 2000 “normal” periods, may be overly optimistic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01058.x","usgsCitation":"Gray, S., Jackson, S., and Betancourt, J., 2004, Tree-ring based reconstructions of interannual to decadal scale precipitation variability for northeastern Utah since 1226 A.D.: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 4, p. 947-960, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01058.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"960","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 36.98500309285594\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -112.1044921875,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 36.98500309285594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7a4e4b08c986b3273c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, S.T.","contributorId":90072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026793,"text":"70026793 - 2004 - Pesticides in mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026793","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA","docAbstract":"In 1997, pesticide concentrations were measured in mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from two areas in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. One area (Sixty Lakes Basin, Kings Canyon National Park) had large, apparently healthy populations of frogs. A second area (Tablelands, Sequoia National Park) once had large populations, but the species had been extirpated from this area by the early 1980s. The Tablelands is exposed directly to prevailing winds from agricultural regions to the west. When an experimental reintroduction of R. muscosa in 1994 to 1995 was deemed unsuccessful in 1997, the last 20 (reintroduced) frogs that could be found were collected from the Tablelands, and pesticide concentrations in both frog tissue and the water were measured at both the Tablelands and at reference sites at Sixty Lakes. In frog tissues, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) concentration was one to two orders of magnitude higher than the other organochlorines (46 ?? 20 ng/g wet wt at Tablelands and 17 ?? 8 Sixty Lakes). Both ??-chlordane and trans-nonachlor were found in significantly greater concentrations in Tablelands frog tissues compared with Sixty Lakes. Organophosphate insecticides, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were observed primarily in surface water with higher concentrations at the Tablelands sites. No contaminants were significantly higher in our Sixty Lakes samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/03-491","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., McConnell, L., Pratt, D., and Datta, S., 2004, Pesticides in mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 23, no. 9, p. 2170-2177, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-491.","startPage":"2170","endPage":"2177","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-491"},{"id":235425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7756e4b0c8380cd78488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, G. M.","contributorId":82653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McConnell, L.L.","contributorId":53344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, D.","contributorId":84135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Datta, S.","contributorId":19754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Datta","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026854,"text":"70026854 - 2004 - Community structure of fishes inhabiting aquatic refuges in a threatened Karst wetland and its implications for ecosystem management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026854","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community structure of fishes inhabiting aquatic refuges in a threatened Karst wetland and its implications for ecosystem management","docAbstract":"We illustrate the importance of subsurface refuges for conservation of aquatic fauna with our studies of karstic wetlands in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Managers have proposed that water levels there should not fall more than 46 cm below ground level for more than 90 days annually. In four areas, 84% of solution holes were less than 46 cm deep and holes deeper than lm were rare (<3 km-2). Null-model analysis indicated no \"structure\" in the solution-hole fish communities early in the dry season, but that structure emerged as drying progressed. Native cyprinodontiforms were abundant in shallow solution holes that dry annually under current management, while predatory species (often non-native) tended to dominate deeper holes. Water quality was correlated with hole volume and with composition of late dry-season fish communities. Tremendous losses of fish biomass occurred when water levels fell below 46 cm from ground surface. Most native taxa were unlikely to survive in the deep refuges that held predatory non-native taxa. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00186-1","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Kobza, R.M., Trexler, J., Loftus, W., and Perry, S., 2004, Community structure of fishes inhabiting aquatic refuges in a threatened Karst wetland and its implications for ecosystem management: Biological Conservation, v. 116, no. 2, p. 153-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00186-1.","startPage":"153","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209059,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00186-1"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80be4b0c8380cd4ce49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kobza, Robert M.","contributorId":103822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kobza","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7036,"text":"South Florida Water Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, S.A.","contributorId":50113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027265,"text":"70027265 - 2004 - Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T10:53:15","indexId":"70027265","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing","docAbstract":"Finely crystalline amphibole or pyroxene rims that form during reaction between silicic host melt and cognate olivine xenocrysts, newly introduced during magma mixing events, can provide information about the timing between mixing and volcanic eruptions. We investigated rim growth experimentally by placing forsteritic olivine in rhyolitic and rhyodacitic melts for times between 25 and 622 h at 50 and 150 MPa, H2O-saturated, at the Ni-NiO buffer. Rims of orthopyroxene microlites formed from high-silica rhyolite and rhyodacite melts at 885°C and 50 MPa, and in the rhyolite at 150 MPa and 885°C. Rims of amphibole with lesser orthopyroxene formed in the rhyolite at 150 MPa and 800°C and in the rhyodacite at 150 MPa and 885°C. Irregular, convolute olivine edges and mass balance between olivine, melt, and rim phases show that olivine partly dissolved at all conditions. Iron-rich zones at the exteriors of olivines, which increased in width parabolically with time, show that Fe-Mg interdiffusion occurring in olivines was not outpaced by olivine dissolution. Linear increases of the square of rim widths with time suggest that diffusion within the melt is the rate-controlling process for olivine dissolution and rim growth. Rims grew one-half to one order-of-magnitude faster when melt water contents were doubled, unless conditions were far above the liquidus. Rim growth rate in rhyolite increases from 0.055 ± 0.01 µm2/h at 885°C and 50 MPa to 0.64 ± 0.13 µm2/h at 800°C and 150 MPa. Melt composition has a lesser effect on rim growth rates, with growth rate increasing as melt SiO2 content decreases. Pyroxene rims on olivines in andesite erupted from Arenal volcano (Costa Rica) grew at a rate of 3.0 ± 0.2 µm2/h over an eleven-year period. This rate is faster than those of the experiments due to lower melt viscosity and higher temperatures, and suggests that a magma mixing event preceded the start of the eruption by days.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Gardner, J.E., 2004, Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing: American Mineralogist, v. 89, no. 5-6, p. 748-759.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"748","endPage":"759","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/2004/MJ04.html"}],"volume":"89","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a957ee4b0c8380cd81a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James E.","contributorId":43243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026771,"text":"70026771 - 2004 - Seasonal changes in 17-ß estradiol of the Rio Grande Chub (Gila pandora) in south-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T13:52:45","indexId":"70026771","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in 17-ß estradiol of the Rio Grande Chub (Gila pandora) in south-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"Timing of gametogensis and thus spawning can be inferred through changes in plasma concentrations of gonadal hormones. In preparation for ovulation and spawning, mean concentrations of 17ß-estradiol in a population of Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora) occupying the Rio Bonito, New Mexico, peaked at 37.6 ng/mL on 16 June and declined to 1.50 ng/mL by 11 August. Similarly, the gonadal somatic index (GSI) increased from 9.02 on 21 May (n = 9) to 11.85 on 16 June (n = 2) and declined to 6.10 on 11 August (n = 2). Peak concentrations of 17ß-estradiol and elevated GSI in June coincided with peak daylength for the year (14 h and 12 min) and average water temperature of 15.1°C. Concentrations of 17ß-estradiol remained low through 3 October indicating no additional spawning events in the Rio Grande chub population. We demonstrated 17ß-estradiol is a nondestructive and thus useful tool in estimating timing of spawning in a wild fish population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0311:SCIEOT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, C.A., Fuller, S.A., Gould, W., Turner, P.R., and Hallford, D.M., 2004, Seasonal changes in 17-ß estradiol of the Rio Grande Chub (Gila pandora) in south-central New Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 49, no. 3, p. 311-315, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0311:SCIEOT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"315","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0311:SCIEOT>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8880e4b08c986b3169d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, S. Adam","contributorId":100587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gould, William R.","contributorId":63780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Paul R.","contributorId":7884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hallford, Dennis M.","contributorId":54381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallford","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026762,"text":"70026762 - 2004 - Exploitation of pocket gophers and their food caches by grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026762","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploitation of pocket gophers and their food caches by grizzly bears","docAbstract":"I investigated the exploitation of pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Yellowstone region of the United States with the use of data collected during a study of radiomarked bears in 1977-1992. My analysis focused on the importance of pocket gophers as a source of energy and nutrients, effects of weather and site features, and importance of pocket gophers to grizzly bears in the western contiguous United States prior to historical extirpations. Pocket gophers and their food caches were infrequent in grizzly bear feces, although foraging for pocket gophers accounted for about 20-25% of all grizzly bear feeding activity during April and May. Compared with roots individually excavated by bears, pocket gopher food caches were less digestible but more easily dug out. Exploitation of gopher food caches by grizzly bears was highly sensitive to site and weather conditions and peaked during and shortly after snowmelt. This peak coincided with maximum success by bears in finding pocket gopher food caches. Exploitation was most frequent and extensive on gently sloping nonforested sites with abundant spring beauty (Claytonia lanceolata) and yampah (Perdieridia gairdneri). Pocket gophers are rare in forests, and spring beauty and yampah roots are known to be important foods of both grizzly bears and burrowing rodents. Although grizzly bears commonly exploit pocket gophers only in the Yellowstone region, this behavior was probably widespread in mountainous areas of the western contiguous United States prior to extirpations of grizzly bears within the last 150 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/BJK-125","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D., 2004, Exploitation of pocket gophers and their food caches by grizzly bears: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 85, no. 4, p. 731-742, https://doi.org/10.1644/BJK-125.","startPage":"731","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487451,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/bjk-125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BJK-125"},{"id":234102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e09e4b0c8380cd53290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57985,"text":"ofr20041264 - 2004 - Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:04:19","indexId":"ofr20041264","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1264","title":"Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities","docAbstract":"As stated in the Wild Horse Fertility Control Field Trial Plan, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has an immediate need for a safe, effective contraceptive agent to assist in the management of the large number of wild horses on western rangelands. The BLM and the U.S. Geological Survey-Biological Resources Discipline (USGS/BRD) are testing the immunocontraceptive agent Porcine Zonae Pellucida (PZP) in field trials with three free-roaming herds of western wild horses. Extensive research has already been conducted on the safety, efficacy, and duration of PZP applications in both domestic and feral horses on eastern barrier islands and in some select trials I with wild horses in Nevada managed by the BLM. However, significant questions remain concerning the effects of I PZP application at the population level in the wild, as well as effects at the individual level on behavior, social structure, and harem dynamics of free-ranging animals. These questions are best answered with field trials on wild horse herds under a tight research protocol. The ultimate goal is to provide the BLM with the protocols and information necessary to begin using fertility control to regulate population growth rates in wild horse herds on a broader scale. Fertility control is intended to assist the conventional capture, removal, and adoption process as a I means of controlling excess numbers of wild horses and burros, and to greatly reduce the adoption costs and numbers of animals handled. Fertility control is not intended to totally replace the removal and adoption process.
\nThe USGSIBRD began assisting the BLM with field trials of immunocontraceptive fertility control of wild horses in early 2001. The first PZP treatments were applied during gathers at the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in September 2001, and the Little Book Cliffs Wild Horse Range, Colorado, in July 2002. At those gathers, 5 horses were treated in the Pryor Mountain WHR, and 23 were treated in the Little Book Cliffs WHR with PZP. These initial treatments were followed by booster injections in 2002. The second injection is required in order to raise, and I maintain, the titer levels of mares high enough to be considered contracepted. By the end of 2002, 13 horses on the Pryor Mountain WHR had received both injections, as had 11 horses in the Little Book Cliffs WHR. In 2003, intensive research efforts were carried out by the USGSIBRD at three field locations; Pryor Mountain WHR, Little I Book Cliffs WHR, and McCullough Peaks Wild Horse Management Area. The work at these sites during this I calendar year included treatment of wild horse mares with PZP in the Pryor herd and Little Book Cliffs herd, development and implementation of behavioral research to investigate potential affects of PZP treatment, continued tracking of demography and foal production in all three herds, and early phases of investigating aerial population estimation survey techniques. Detailed descriptions of these research topics can be found in the Wild Horse and Burro Management Strategic Research Plan and the Wild Horse Fertility Control Field Trial Plan. Field work in 2003 was conducted by USGSIBRD and BLM staff with the assistance of many dedicated individuals. See I Acknowledgments for more details.
\nThis report is meant to highlight the activities of the 2003 field season, as well as to provide a general overview of the data collected. More in-depth data analysis will be conducted following the conclusion of each I phase of the research project, and in many cases will not be possible until several seasons of data are collected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041264","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J., Singer, F., and Zeigenfuss, L., 2004, Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1264, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041264.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041264.PNG"},{"id":320273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason","contributorId":15703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Francis J.","contributorId":65528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Francis J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044,"text":"ofr20041331 - 2004 - Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T13:20:45","indexId":"ofr20041331","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1331","title":"Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents","docAbstract":"In the fall of 2000, researchers from the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Program (PASA) of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) met with the staff of the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CPNWR) to discuss the issues related to social, economic, and human dimensions of natural resource management as it related to the Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) planning process. As a result of the meeting a research study was designed to better understand how visitors are affected by environmental management decisions and provide information to assist the refuge managers in making decisions regarding public use and recreational management related to the goals of the proposed CCP. More specifically, information was collected to document the type and frequency of visitor use; assess the importance of recreational activities; and to determine visitor attitudes about recreation management decisions within the refuge. To this end, we designed a study to assess the effects of the no-action and alternative management plans for the Refuge visitors’ perceptions and likely visitation patterns.
\nIn fall of 2002 a questionnaire was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the CCP planning team and mailed to 1090 people who visited the refuge between June 2001 and June 2002. We used standard research methods in designing and administering the questionnaire. Six hundred and eightyfive (685) completed questionnaires (74%) were considered usable. We developed the questionnaire (OMB Control Number 1040-00) to answer the following questions:
\nIn general the respondents indicated support for current management practices of CPNWR. We found that people came to the Refuge to experience a connection with the resource and the environment. More than half of the respondents said that viewing the desert scenery, seeking wilderness solitude and viewing wildlife were the most important reasons for making the visit to the refuge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041331","usgsCitation":"Ponds, P.D., Burkardt, N., and Koontz, L., 2004, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1331, iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041331.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041331.PNG"},{"id":320270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1331/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f98ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":281746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57975,"text":"ofr20041199 - 2004 - An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T18:44:35","indexId":"ofr20041199","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1199","title":"An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds","docAbstract":"Contemporary cost projections were computed for several alternative strategies that could be used by BLM to manage three wild horse populations. The alternatives included existing gather and selective removal methods, combined with potential contraceptive applications of varying duration and other potentially useful management techniques. Costs were projected for a 20-year economic life using the Jenkins wild horse population model and cost estimates from BLM that reflect state-by-state per horse removal, adoption, long-term holding, and contraceptive application expenses. Important findings include:
\nNo abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., 2004, Gas bubble disease monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids. Annual report 2004.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83be4b025c4642862d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182139,"text":"70182139 - 2004 - Implications of habitat restoration for managing an exotic crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T14:54:57","indexId":"70182139","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Implications of habitat restoration for managing an exotic crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","usgsCitation":"McShane, R., Swaim, K., and Scoppettone, G., 2004, Implications of habitat restoration for managing an exotic crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83be4b025c4642862d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McShane, R.R","contributorId":178376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McShane","given":"R.R","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swaim, K.M.","contributorId":178377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swaim","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scoppettone, G.G.","contributorId":22793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1002771,"text":"1002771 - 2004 - Standing crop and aboveground biomass partitioning of a dwarf mangrove forest in Taylor River Slough, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-12T12:52:52","indexId":"1002771","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standing crop and aboveground biomass partitioning of a dwarf mangrove forest in Taylor River Slough, Florida","docAbstract":"The structure and standing crop biomass of a dwarf mangrove forest, located in the salinity transition zone ofTaylor River Slough in the Everglades National Park, were studied. Although the four mangrove species reported for Florida occurred at the study site, dwarf Rhizophora mangle trees dominated the forest. The structural characteristics of the mangrove forest were relatively simple: tree height varied from 0.9 to 1.2 meters, and tree density ranged from 7062 to 23 778 stems haa??1. An allometric relationship was developed to estimate leaf, branch, prop root, and total aboveground biomass of dwarf Rhizophora mangle trees. Total aboveground biomass and their components were best estimated as a power function of the crown area times number of prop roots as an independent variable (Y = B ?? Xa??0.5083). The allometric equation for each tree component was highly significant (p<0.0001), with all r2 values greater than 0.90. The allometric relationship was used to estimate total aboveground biomass that ranged from 7.9 to 23.2 ton haa??1. Rhizophora mangle contributed 85% of total standing crop biomass. Conocarpus erectus, Laguncularia racemosa, and Avicennia germinans contributed the remaining biomass. Average aboveground biomass allocation was 69% for prop roots, 25% for stem and branches, and 6% for leaves. This aboveground biomass partitioning pattern, which gives a major role to prop roots that have the potential to produce an extensive root system, may be an important biological strategy in response to low phosphorus availability and relatively reduced soils that characterize mangrove forests in South Florida.\r\n","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:WETL.0000034071.17156.c0","usgsCitation":"Coronado-Molina, C., Day, J., Reyes, E., and Perez, B., 2004, Standing crop and aboveground biomass partitioning of a dwarf mangrove forest in Taylor River Slough, Florida: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 12, no. 3, p. 157-164, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WETL.0000034071.17156.c0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Taylor River Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.03240966796875,\n 25.04952466376542\n ],\n [\n -80.3704833984375,\n 25.04952466376542\n ],\n [\n -80.3704833984375,\n 25.51641809359431\n ],\n [\n -81.03240966796875,\n 25.51641809359431\n ],\n [\n -81.03240966796875,\n 25.04952466376542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e408e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coronado-Molina, C.","contributorId":90271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coronado-Molina","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":41792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reyes, E.","contributorId":83886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perez, B.C.","contributorId":104017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182451,"text":"70182451 - 2004 - Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs: Geographical, species, and temporal comparisons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:52:15","indexId":"70182451","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs: Geographical, species, and temporal comparisons","docAbstract":"Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in eggs of common and thick-billed murres (Uria aalge and U. lomvia) from five Alaskan nesting colonies were dominated by 4,4‘-DDE, total polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs; 46 congeners comprised mainly of PCB congeners 153, 118, 138, 99, and 151), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and chlordane compounds (ΣCHL). Concentrations of 4,4‘-DDE, cis-nonachlor, and heptachlor epoxide were lower than those reported for some of the same colonies in the 1970s, while HCB concentrations were similar. In general, significantly higher concentrations were found in eggs from Gulf of Alaska colonies compared to those from Bering Sea colonies except for HCB (higher in the Bering Sea) and β-HCH (no significant difference between the two regions). Thick-billed murre eggs contained higher concentrations of 4,4‘-DDE and ΣPCBs, whereas common murre eggs had higher HCB concentra tions. Possible factors contributing to the POPs patterns found in eggs from these murre colonies are discussed.
No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Washington","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, S., 2004, Trophic performance of Oncorhynchus mykiss in tributaries of the south fork Trinity River, northern California.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c8e4b01ccd54fb27dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, S.G.","contributorId":182360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97017,"text":"97017 - 2004 - Pilgrim Creek restoration project: bird community and vegetation structure. 2003 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"97017","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Pilgrim Creek restoration project: bird community and vegetation structure. 2003 Annual Report","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., Peterson, B., and Wellik, M., 2004, Pilgrim Creek restoration project: bird community and vegetation structure. 2003 Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6581ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, B.","contributorId":95412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wellik, M.","contributorId":92605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellik","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182514,"text":"70182514 - 2004 - Growth and collapse of Waianae volcano, Hawaii, as revealed by exploration of its submarine flanks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T10:51:47","indexId":"70182514","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and collapse of Waianae volcano, Hawaii, as revealed by exploration of its submarine flanks","docAbstract":"Wai‘anae Volcano comprises the western half of O‘ahu Island, but until recently little was known about the submarine portion of this volcano. Seven new submersible dives, conducted in 2001 and 2002, and multibeam bathymetry offshore of Wai‘anae provide evidence pertaining to the overall growth of the volcano's edifice as well as the timing of collapses that formed the Wai‘anae slump complex. A prominent slope break at ∼1400 mbsl marks the paleoshoreline of Wai‘anae at the end of its shield-building stage and wraps around Ka‘ena Ridge, suggesting that this may have been an extension of Wai‘anae's northwest rift zone. Subaerially erupted tholeiitic lavas were collected from a small shield along the crest of Ka‘ena Ridge. The length of Wai‘anae's south rift zone is poorly constrained but reaches at least 65 km on the basis of recovered tholeiite pillows at this distance from the volcano's center. Wai‘anae's growth was marked by multiple collapse and deformation events during and after its shield stage, resulting in the compound mass wasting features on the volcano's southwest flank (Wai‘anae slump complex). The slump complex, one of the largest in Hawai‘i, covering an area of ∼5500 km2, is composed of several distinct sections on the basis of morphology and the lithologies of recovered samples. Two dives ascended the outer bench of the slump complex and collected predominantly low-S tholeiites that correlate with subaerial lavas erupted early during the volcano's shield stage, from 3.9 to 3.5 Ma. Pillow lavas from the outer bench have Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic values that overlap with previously published subaerial Wai‘anae lavas. On the basis of the compositions of the recovered samples, the main body of the slump complex, as represented by the outer bench, probably formed during and shortly after the early shield stage. To the southwest of the outer bench lies a broad debris field on the seafloor, interpreted to have formed by a catastrophic collapse event that breached the outer bench. A dive within the debris field recovered subaerially derived volcaniclastic rocks; analyzed glasses are tholeiitic and resemble early shield stage compositions. The breach may have then been filled by slumping material from the main volcanic edifice. Finally, atop the northern main body of the slump is a rotated landslide block that detached from the proximal part of Ka‘ena Ridge after the volcano's late shield stage (3.2 to 3.0 Ma). From the inner scarp of this block we recovered subaerially erupted tholeiitic pillow breccias and hyaloclastites that are systematically higher in alkalis and more fractionated than those collected from the outer bench. These rocks correlate compositionally with late shield-stage subaerial Kamaile‘unu lavas. None of the collected slump complex samples correlate with alkalic subaerial postshield lavas. Volcaniclastic rocks and glass disseminated in pelagic sediment, collected from north of Ka‘ena Ridge, originated from Wai‘anae's postshield stage and Ko‘olau's shield stage, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000717","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Clague, D.A., Moore, G.F., and Cousens, B., 2004, Growth and collapse of Waianae volcano, Hawaii, as revealed by exploration of its submarine flanks: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, no. 8, Q08006; 30 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000717.","productDescription":"Q08006; 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gc000717","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu; Waianae volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.290771484375,\n 20.362652613510075\n ],\n [\n -157.4176025390625,\n 20.362652613510075\n ],\n [\n -157.4176025390625,\n 21.98889508056919\n ],\n [\n -159.290771484375,\n 21.98889508056919\n ],\n [\n -159.290771484375,\n 20.362652613510075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c8e4b01ccd54fb27db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Gregory F.","contributorId":23306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cousens, Brian L.","contributorId":84038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cousens","given":"Brian L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026425,"text":"70026425 - 2004 - Nesting biology of three grassland passerines in the northern tallgrass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:14:07","indexId":"70026425","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting biology of three grassland passerines in the northern tallgrass prairie","docAbstract":"Basic nesting information on grassland passerines is needed for improving grassland bird management. Among the information needs are (1) the suitability of nesting habitat, (2) periods during the breeding season in which birds are most vulnerable to disturbances, and (3) how to fit grasslands into a prioritization scheme for conservation. Comparisons of nesting parameters among grassland species will help identify important management considerations. We describe and compare nest-site characteristics, nesting phenology, clutch size, hatching and fledging success, and brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) for three grassland passerine species nesting in tallgrass prairie of northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota. During 1998–2002, we found 793 Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida), 687 Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and 315 Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) nests. These species differed in many aspects of their breeding ecology. Clay-colored and Savannah sparrows initiated their nests almost 2 weeks earlier than Bobolinks, with peak nesting occurring in June. Clutch size was lower (3.77 ± 0.03 SE) for Clay-colored Sparrows than Savannah Sparrows (4.13 ± 0.05) and Bobolinks (5.25 ± 0.08). The number of host eggs hatched per nest was higher in Bobolinks (3.46 ± 0.20) than in Clay-colored Sparrows (2.52 ± 0.09) and Savannah Sparrows (2.41 ± 0.11), but the number of young fledged per Bobolink nest (1.97) was similar to that of Savannah Sparrows (2.01). Clay-colored Sparrows fledged only 1.35 host young per nest. Mayfield nest success was higher for Savannah Sparrows (31.4%) than for Clay-colored Sparrows (27.4%) or Bobolinks (20.7%). The main cause of nest failure was nest predation: predation in Clay-colored Sparrows (47.9%) was higher than in Savannah Sparrows (33.5%) but similar to Bobolinks (41.8%). Brood parasitism was lower in Clay-colored Sparrows (5.1%) than in Bobolinks (10.8%), and intermediate (6.7%) in Savannah Sparrows. Compared with most other studies, grassland bird nests in our study area were more successful and less frequently parasitized; thus, northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota appear to provide important breeding habitat for grassland birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/03-082","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Winter, M., Johnson, D.H., Shaffer, J.A., and Svedarsky, W.D., 2004, Nesting biology of three grassland passerines in the northern tallgrass prairie: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3, p. 211-223, https://doi.org/10.1676/03-082.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64b4e4b0c8380cd72a37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Maiken","contributorId":174790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Maiken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svedarsky, W. Daniel","contributorId":52763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svedarsky","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026459,"text":"70026459 - 2004 - Using an ecoregion framework to analyze land-cover and land-use dynamics.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:55:27","indexId":"70026459","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using an ecoregion framework to analyze land-cover and land-use dynamics.","docAbstract":"The United States has a highly varied landscape because of wide-ranging differences in combinations of climatic, geologic, edaphic, hydrologic, vegetative, and human management (land use) factors. Land uses are dynamic, with the types and rates of change dependent on a host of variables, including land accessibility, economic considerations, and the internal increase and movement of the human population. There is a convergence of evidence that ecoregions are very useful for organizing, interpreting, and reporting information about land-use dynamics. Ecoregion boundaries correspond well with patterns of land cover, urban settlement, agricultural variables, and resource-based industries. We implemented an ecoregion framework to document trends in contemporary land-cover and land-use dynamics over the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000. Examples of results from six eastern ecoregions show that the relative abundance, grain of pattern, and human alteration of land-cover types organize well by ecoregion and that these characteristics of change, themselves, change through time.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-0145-3","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., Loveland, T., Sohl, T.L., and Napton, D., 2004, Using an ecoregion framework to analyze land-cover and land-use dynamics.: Environmental Management, v. 34, p. S89-S110, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0145-3.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"S89","endPage":"S110","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269302,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0145-3"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc033e4b08c986b329fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Napton, D.E.","contributorId":23720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napton","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026601,"text":"70026601 - 2004 - Analytical error in the identification of fibrous and asbestiform amphiboles: Implications for the analytical and regulatory communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026601","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analytical error in the identification of fibrous and asbestiform amphiboles: Implications for the analytical and regulatory communities","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1431927604882400","issn":"14319276","usgsCitation":"Meeker, G., and Lowers, H., 2004, Analytical error in the identification of fibrous and asbestiform amphiboles: Implications for the analytical and regulatory communities, in Microscopy and Microanalysis, v. 10, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 902-903, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604882400.","startPage":"902","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604882400"},{"id":233988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb68e4b0c8380cd48da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, H.A. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":31843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016243,"text":"1016243 - 2004 - Status of nesting ospreys in coastal Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa, Mexico, 1977 and 1992-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:32:12","indexId":"1016243","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1092,"text":"Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of nesting ospreys in coastal Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa, Mexico, 1977 and 1992-1993","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Fishes were collected in four mainstem reaches and eight tributary reaches in the Keya Paha River basin during May and June 2002. Most reaches were characteristically run habitats with sand substrates and riparian pastures. Data were combined with historical records to construct a basin-wide ichthyofaunal list which comprised 38 species from seven families. Dominant species were sand shiners (Notropis ludibundus; 47%), red shiners (Cyprinella lutrensis; 37%), and brassy minnows (Hybognathus hankinsoni; 8%). Dominant game species were bluegill (Lepomis machrochirus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). We found one species previously listed as rare in South Dakota - plains topminnow (Fundulus sciadicus), and four species not previously found in the Keya Paha River - silver chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana), river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio), northern pike (Esox Indus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens).
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2004.9664529","usgsCitation":"Harland, B., and Berry, C.R., 2004, Fishes and habitat characteristics of the Keya Paha River, South Dakota-Nebraska: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 19, no. 2, p. 169-177, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2004.9664529.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2004.9664529","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.10644531249999,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -104.06249999999999,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -102.17285156249999,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -100.5029296875,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -98.8330078125,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -96.63574218749999,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -104.10644531249999,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -104.10644531249999,\n 43.229195113965005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10b6e4b0c8380cd53d94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harland, B.","contributorId":21735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harland","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026288,"text":"70026288 - 2004 - Triggered deformation and seismic activity under Mammoth Mountain in Long Valley caldera by the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T11:32:15.632267","indexId":"70026288","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Triggered deformation and seismic activity under Mammoth Mountain in Long Valley caldera by the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake","docAbstract":"The 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake triggered deformational offsets and microseismicity under Mammoth Mountain (MM) on the rim of Long Valley caldera, California, some 3460 km from the earthquake. Such strain offsets and microseismicity were not recorded at other borehole strain sites along the San Andreas fault system in California. The Long Valley offsets were recorded on borehole strainmeters at three sites around the western part of the caldera that includes Mammoth Mountain - a young volcano on the southwestern rim of the caldera. The largest recorded strain offsets were -0.1 microstrain at PO on the west side of MM, 0.05 microstrain at MX to the southeast of MM, and -0.025 microstrain at BS to the northeast of MM with negative strain extensional. High sample rate strain data show initial triggering of the offsets began at 22:30 UTC during the arrival of the first Rayleigh waves from the Alaskan earthquake with peak-to-peak dynamic strain amplitudes of about 2 microstrain corresponding to a stress amplitude of about 0.06 MPa. The strain offsets grew to their final values in the next 10 min. The associated triggered seismicity occurred beneath the south flank of MM and also began at 22:30 UTC and died away over the next 15 min. This relatively weak seismicity burst included some 60 small events with magnitude all less than M = 1. While poorly constrained, these strain observations are consistent with triggered slip and intrusive opening on a north-striking normal fault centered at a depth of 8 km with a moment of l016 N m, or the equivalent of a M 4.3 earthquake. The cumulative seismic moment for the associated seismicity burst was more than three orders of magnitude smaller. These observations and this model resemble those for the triggered deformation and slip that occurred beneath the north side of MM following the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake. However, in this case, we see little post-event slip decay reflected in the strain data after the Rayleigh-wave arrivals from the Denali fault earthquake and onset of triggered seismicity did not lag the triggered deformation by 20 min. These observations are also distinctly different from the more widespread and energetic seismicity and deformation triggered by the 1992 M 7.3 Landers earthquake in the Long Valley caldera. Thus, each of the three instances of remotely triggered unrest in Long Valley caldera recorded to date differ. In each case, however, the deformation moment inferred from the strain meter data was more than an order of magnitude larger than the cumulative moment for the associated triggered seismicity.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040603","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Prejean, S., and Hill, D., 2004, Triggered deformation and seismic activity under Mammoth Mountain in Long Valley caldera by the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S360-S369, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040603.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"S360","endPage":"S369","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.91017913818358,\n 37.707998069120265\n ],\n [\n -118.85730743408203,\n 37.707998069120265\n ],\n [\n -118.85730743408203,\n 37.73271097867418\n ],\n [\n -118.91017913818358,\n 37.73271097867418\n ],\n [\n -118.91017913818358,\n 37.707998069120265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb84ee4b08c986b3277b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, S. G. 0000-0003-0510-1989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":18935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}