{"pageNumber":"2708","pageRowStart":"67675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026645,"text":"70026645 - 2004 - Ecological effects of animal introductions at Channel Islands National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026645","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ecological effects of animal introductions at Channel Islands National Park","docAbstract":"Based on research, park managers are adopting a holistic approach to island restoration that includes eradication of nonnative species, restoration of native plant habitats, and monitoring.","largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., 2004, Ecological effects of animal introductions at Channel Islands National Park, <i>in</i> Park Science, v. 22, no. 2, p. 46-52.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a054fe4b0c8380cd50d4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, K.","contributorId":67438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026223,"text":"70026223 - 2004 - Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026223","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment","docAbstract":"We examined phenotypic variation in growth and development from the eyed-egg stage to the age-1+ smolt stage among five New England populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar: East Machias, Narraguagus, Sheepscot, Penobscot, Connecticut) reared in a common laboratory environment. Study populations originated from rivers varying in size, latitude, and level of hatchery supplementation and included one reintroduced population (Connecticut was a recipient of Penobscot origin stock). Phenotypic trait differences were found among populations, and the degree of stock variation depended on ontogeny. Eggs were smaller and hatched sooner in the Penobscot (a northern, intensively managed population), but no stock differences were detected in size or growth efficiency from the onset of exogenous feeding to age 0+ summer. Differences again emerged in age 0+ autumn, with the degree of bimodality in length-frequency distributions differing among stocks; the Connecticut had the highest proportion of upper-mode fish and, ultimately, age-1+ smolts. Although genetic effects could not be entirely separated from maternal effects for egg size variation, it is likely that differences in hatch timing and smolt age had a genetic basis. Early emphasis on age-1+ hatchery-reared smolts in the Connecticut may have led to divergence in smolt age between the Penobscot and Connecticut populations in less than eight generations. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f05-005","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Obedzinski, M., and Letcher, B., 2004, Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment, <i>in</i> Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 12, p. 2314-2328, https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-005.","startPage":"2314","endPage":"2328","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-005"},{"id":234217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc159e4b08c986b32a526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obedzinski, M.","contributorId":78513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obedzinski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026994,"text":"70026994 - 2004 - Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026994","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes","docAbstract":"Major strike-slip earthquakes recently occurred in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on 3 November 2002, and in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on 14 November 2001. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves with Ms [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)] of 8.5 (Denali) and 8.0 (Kunlun). Each event occurred on an east-west-trending strike-slip fault situated near the northern boundary of an intense deformation zone that is characterized by lateral extrusion and rotation of crustal blocks. Each earthquake produced east-directed nearly unilateral ruptures that propagated 300 to 400 km. Maximum lateral surface offsets and maximum moment release occurred well beyond 100 km from the rupture initiation, with the events exhibiting by far the largest separations of USGS hypocenter and Harvard Moment Tensor Centroid (CMT) for strike-slip earthquakes in the 27-year CMT catalog. In each sequence, the largest aftershock was more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the mainshock. Regional moment release had been accelerating prior to the main shocks. The close proximity in space and time of the 1964 Prince William Sound and 2002 Denali earthquakes, relative to their rupture lengths and estimated return times, suggests that these events may be part of a recurrent cluster in the vicinity of a complex plate boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030185","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., 2004, Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 3, p. 1159-1165, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030185.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1165","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030185"},{"id":235121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83ae4b0c8380cd4cf67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026995,"text":"70026995 - 2004 - Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T16:18:37","indexId":"70026995","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels","docAbstract":"<p>In shallow waters surface gravity waves (tides) propagate with a speed proportional to the square root of water depth (c=g(h+η)). As the ratio of free surface displacement to mean depth (η/h) approaches unity the wave will travel noticeably faster at high tide than at low tide, creating asymmetries in the tidal form. This physical process is explained analytically by the increased significance of friction and the nonlinear terms in the continuity and momentum equations. In a tidal system comprising a shallow bay adjacent to a deeper channel, tidal asymmetries will be more prevalent in the shallow bay. Thus strong barotropic gradients can be generated between the two, producing rapid accelerations of currents into the bay (relative to other bay tidal processes) and create a maximum peak in the flood tide that we describe as a floodtide pulse. These floodtide pulses can promote a landward flux of suspended-sediment into the bay. In Grizzly Bay (part of northern San Francisco Bay, USA), field observations verify the occurrence of floodtide pulses during the lowest low tides of the year. No pulses were observed in neighboring Honker Bay, which has an average depth ~30 cm greater than Grizzly Bay. Numerical simulations of northern San Francisco Bay using realistic bathymetry demonstrated that floodtide pulses occurred in Grizzly Bay but not in Honker Bay, consistent with the observations. Both observations and numerical simulations show that floodtide pulses promote a landward flux of sediment into Grizzly Bay. Numerical simulations of an idealized bay-channel system quantify the importance of mean depth and friction in creating these floodtide pulses.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2003.12.011","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Schoellhamer, D., Ruhl, C., and Burau, J., 2004, Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 60, no. 2, p. 213-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.12.011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59393310546875,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59393310546875,\n              38.507340712903456\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              38.507340712903456\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1223e4b0c8380cd541c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruhl, C.A.","contributorId":61208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026996,"text":"70026996 - 2004 - Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026996","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan","docAbstract":"Shores of eastern Hokkaido rose by perhaps 1 m a few centuries ago. The uplifted area extended at least 50 km along the southern Kuril Trench. It included the estuaries Akkeshi-ko and Hichirippu, on the Pacific coast, and Fu??ren-ko and Onneto??, which open to the Okhotsk Sea. At each estuary, intertidal and subtidal flats rose with respect to tide level; wetland plants colonized the emerging land; and peaty wetland deposits thereby covered mud and sand of the former flats. Previous work at Akkeshi-ko and Onneto?? showed that such emergence occurred at least three times in the past 3000 years. Volcanic-ash layers date the youngest emergence to the seventeenth century AD. New evidence from Akkeshi-ko, Hichirippu and Fu??ren-ko clarifies the age and amount of this youngest emergence. Much of it probably dates from the century's middle decades. Some of the newly emerged land remained above high tides into the middle of the eighteenth century or later. The emergence in the last half of the seventeenth century probably exceeded 0.5 m (inferred from stratigraphy and diatom palaeoecology) without far exceeding 1 m (estimated by comparing seventeenth- and eighteenth-century descriptions of Akkeshi-ko). The stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the emergence are better explained by tectonic uplift than by bay-mouth blockage, tidal-flat accretion or sea-level fall. Eastern Hokkaido needs occasional uplift, moreover, to help reconcile its raised marine terraces with its chronic twentieth-century subsidence. Because it took place above forearc mantle, eastern Hokkaido's seventeenth-century uplift probably lacks analogy with coseismic uplift that occurs above typical plate-boundary ruptures at subduction zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683604hl726rp","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B., Furakawa, R., Hemphill-Haley, E., Ikeda, Y., Kashima, K., Kawase, K., Kelsey, H., Moore, A., Nanayama, F., Nishimura, Y., Odagiri, S., Ota, Y., Park, S., Satake, K., Sawai, Y., and Shimokawa, K., 2004, Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan: Holocene, v. 14, no. 4, p. 487-501, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl726rp.","startPage":"487","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl726rp"},{"id":235157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d7de4b08c986b318437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, B.F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":14006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furakawa, R.","contributorId":23733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furakawa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, E.","contributorId":69309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ikeda, Y.","contributorId":105096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kashima, K.","contributorId":76474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashima","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kawase, K.","contributorId":60425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawase","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moore, A.L.","contributorId":70931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nanayama, F.","contributorId":77340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanayama","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nishimura, Y.","contributorId":58442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Odagiri, S.","contributorId":54001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odagiri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ota, Y.","contributorId":22504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ota","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Park, S.-C.","contributorId":76111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"S.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Satake, K.","contributorId":53124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sawai, Y.","contributorId":47510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shimokawa, K.","contributorId":29614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimokawa","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70026309,"text":"70026309 - 2004 - Apparent stress, fault maturity and seismic hazard for normal-fault earthquakes at subduction zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026309","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparent stress, fault maturity and seismic hazard for normal-fault earthquakes at subduction zones","docAbstract":"The behavior of apparent stress for normal-fault earthquakes at subduction zones is derived by examining the apparent stress (?? a = ??Es/Mo, where E s is radiated energy and Mo is seismic moment) of all globally distributed shallow (depth, ?? < 70 km) earthquakes with normal-fault mechanisms that occurred in or near subduction zones between 1987 and 2001 for which Es and M o are available. Accurately determined hypocentres from the Engdahl-Hilst-Buland (EHB) catalogue establish the fine detail of the Wadati-Benioff zone. In many cases, we can relate trends in apparent stress to specific features within the subduction zone and compare these with trends for interplate-thrust earthquakes in the same subduction zones. There are two depth ranges over which ??a, for normal-fault earthquakes shows maxima. The highest and most anomalous values of ??a are found in the deeper depth range from 35 to 70 km. The high-??a, events (up to 5 MPa) are characteristically intraslab and in proximity to zones of intense deformation such as a sharp slab bend or where opposing slabs collide. High-??a events in the region of the shallower maximum (hypocentres between 10-35 km and ??a > 1 MPa) are also generally intraslab, but occur where the lithosphere has just begun subduction beneath the overriding plate. They usually occur in cold slabs near trenches where the direction of plate motion across the trench is oblique to the trench axis, or where there are local contortions or geometrical complexities of the plate boundary. Lower ??a (< 1 MPa) is associated with events occurring at the outer rise (OR) complex (between the OR and the trench axis), as well as with intracrustal events occurring just landward of the trench. The average apparent stress of intraslab-normal-fault earthquakes is considerably higher than the average apparent stress of interplate-thrust-fault earthquakes. In turn, the average ?? a of strike-slip earthquakes in intraoceanic environments is considerably higher than that of intraslab-normal-fault earthquakes. The variation of average ??a with focal mechanism and tectonic regime suggests that the level of ?? a is related to fault maturity. Lower stress drops are needed to rupture mature faults such as those found at plate interfaces that have been smoothed by large cumulative displacements (from hundreds to thousands of kilometres). In contrast, immature faults, such as those on which intraslab-normal-fault earthquakes generally occur, are found in cold and intact lithosphere in which total fault displacement has been much less (from hundreds of metres to a few kilometres). Also, faults on which high ??a oceanic strike-slip earthquakes occur are predominantly intraplate or at evolving ends of transforms. At subduction zones, earthquakes occurring on immature faults are likely to be more hazardous as they tend to generate higher amounts of radiated energy per unit of moment than earthquakes occurring on mature faults. We have identified earthquake pairs in which an interplate-thrust and an intraslab-normal earthquake occurred remarkably close in space and time. The intraslab-normal member of each pair radiated anomalously high amounts of energy compared to its thrust-fault counterpart. These intraslab earthquakes probably ruptured intact slab mantle and are dramatic examples in which Mc (an energy magnitude) is shown to be a far better estimate of the potential for earthquake damage than Mw. This discovery may help explain why loss of life as a result of intraslab earthquakes was greater in the 20th century in Latin America than the fatalities associated with interplate-thrust events that represented much higher total moment release. ?? 2004 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02449.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Kirby, S.H., 2004, Apparent stress, fault maturity and seismic hazard for normal-fault earthquakes at subduction zones: Geophysical Journal International, v. 159, no. 3, p. 991-1012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02449.x.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1012","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208596,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02449.x"},{"id":234434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec7be4b0c8380cd492d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026997,"text":"70026997 - 2004 - Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026997","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204","docAbstract":"Large uncertainties about the energy resource potential and role in global climate change of gas hydrates result from uncertainty about how much hydrate is contained in marine sediments. During Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) to the accretionary complex of the Cascadia subduction zone, we sampled the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) from the seafloor to its base in contrasting geological settings defined by a 3D seismic survey. By integrating results from different methods, including several new techniques developed for Leg 204, we overcome the problem of spatial under-sampling inherent in robust methods traditionally used for estimating the hydrate content of cores and obtain a high-resolution, quantitative estimate of the total amount and spatial variability of gas hydrate in this structural system. We conclude that high gas hydrate content (30-40% of pore space or 20-26% of total volume) is restricted to the upper tens of meters below the seafloor near the summit of the structure, where vigorous fluid venting occurs. Elsewhere, the average gas hydrate content of the sediments in the gas hydrate stability zone is generally <2% of the pore space, although this estimate may increase by a factor of 2 when patchy zones of locally higher gas hydrate content are included in the calculation. These patchy zones are structurally and stratigraphically controlled, contain up to 20% hydrate in the pore space when averaged over zones ???10 m thick, and may occur in up to ???20% of the region imaged by 3D seismic data. This heterogeneous gas hydrate distribution is an important constraint on models of gas hydrate formation in marine sediments and the response of the sediments to tectonic and environmental change. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A., Long, P., Torres, M., Bohrmann, G., Rack, F., Collett, T.S., Goldberg, D., Milkov, A., Riedel, M., Schultheiss, P., Bangs, N., Barr, S.R., Borowski, W., Claypool, G., Delwiche, M., Dickens, G., Gracia, E., Guerin, G., Holland, M., Johnson, J., Lee, Y., Liu, C., Su, X., Teichert, B., Tomaru, H., Vanneste, M., Watanabe, M.E., and Weinberger, J., 2004, Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 222, no. 3-4, p. 845-862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035.","startPage":"845","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209020,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035"}],"volume":"222","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb326e4b08c986b325bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torres, M.E.","contributorId":58443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohrmann, G.","contributorId":50700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrmann","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rack, F.R.","contributorId":24147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rack","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldberg, D.S.","contributorId":62001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milkov, A.V.","contributorId":81272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milkov","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schultheiss, P.","contributorId":79657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultheiss","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bangs, N.L.","contributorId":17385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bangs","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Barr, S. R.","contributorId":92473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Borowski, W.S.","contributorId":39984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borowski","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Delwiche, M.E.","contributorId":42003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delwiche","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Dickens, G.R.","contributorId":88101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickens","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gracia, E.","contributorId":85380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gracia","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Guerin, G.","contributorId":51943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Holland, M.","contributorId":17380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Johnson, J.E.","contributorId":44857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lee, Y.-J.","contributorId":13793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Y.-J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Liu, C.-S.","contributorId":10972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Su, X.","contributorId":10973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Teichert, B.","contributorId":78134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teichert","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Tomaru, H.","contributorId":34305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomaru","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Vanneste, M.","contributorId":16629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanneste","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Watanabe, M. E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Weinberger, J.L.","contributorId":95662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinberger","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}}
,{"id":70026999,"text":"70026999 - 2004 - Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:43:51","indexId":"70026999","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Chromium stable isotope values can be effectively used to monitor reduction of Cr(VI) in natural waters. We investigate effects of sorption during transport of Cr(VI) which may also shift Cr isotopes values, complicating efforts to quantify reduction. This study shows that Cr stable isotope fractionation caused by sorption is negligible. Equilibrium fractionation of Cr stable isotopes between dissolved Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) adsorbed onto γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and goethite is less than 0.04‰ (<sup>53</sup>Cr/<sup>52</sup>Cr) under environmentally relevant pH conditions. Batch experiments at pH 4.0 and pH 6.0 were conducted in series to sequentially magnify small isotope fractionations. A simple transport model suggests that adsorption may cause amplification of a small isotope fractionation along extreme fringes of a plume, leading to shifts in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>53</sup>Cr/<sup>52</sup>Cr values. We therefore suggest that isotope values at extreme fringes of Cr plumes be critically evaluated for sorption effects. A kinetic effect was observed in experiments with goethite at pH 4 where apparently lighter isotopes diffuse into goethite clumps at a faster rate before eventually reaching equilibrium. This observed kinetic effect may be important in a natural system that has not attained equilibrium and is in need of further study. Cr isotope fractionation caused by speciation of Cr(VI) between HCrO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was also examined, and we conclude that it is not measurable. In the absence of isotope fractionation caused by equilibrium speciation and sorption, most of the variation in δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values may be attributed to reduction, and reliable estimates of Cr reduction can be made.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0352294","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ellis, A., Johnson, T., and Bullen, T., 2004, Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 13, p. 3604-3607, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0352294.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3604","endPage":"3607","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0352294"}],"volume":"38","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc03fe4b08c986b329ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, A.S.","contributorId":10586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027000,"text":"70027000 - 2004 - Mercury and methylmercury concentrations and loads in the Cache Creek watershed, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:37:50","indexId":"70027000","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and methylmercury concentrations and loads in the Cache Creek watershed, California","docAbstract":"Concentrations and loads of total mercury and methylmercury were measured in streams draining abandoned mercury mines and in the proximity of geothermal discharge in the Cache Creek watershed of California during a 17-month period from January 2000 through May 2001. Rainfall and runoff were lower than long-term averages during the study period. The greatest loading of mercury and methylmercury from upstream sources to downstream receiving waters, such as San Francisco Bay, generally occurred during or after winter rainfall events. During the study period, loads of mercury and methylmercury from geothermal sources tended to be greater than those from abandoned mining areas, a pattern attributable to the lack of large precipitation events capable of mobilizing significant amounts of either mercury-laden sediment or dissolved mercury and methylmercury from mine waste. Streambed sediments of Cache Creek are a significant source of mercury and methylmercury to downstream receiving bodies of water. Much of the mercury in these sediments is the result of deposition over the last 100-150 years by either storm-water runoff, from abandoned mines, or continuous discharges from geothermal areas. Several geochemical constituents were useful as natural tracers for mining and geothermal areas, including the aqueous concentrations of boron, chloride, lithium and sulfate, and the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water. Stable isotopes of water in areas draining geothermal discharges showed a distinct trend toward enrichment of 18O compared with meteoric waters, whereas much of the runoff from abandoned mines indicated a stable isotopic pattern more consistent with local meteoric water. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.013","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Alpers, C.N., Slotton, D., Suchanek, T., and Ayers, S., 2004, Mercury and methylmercury concentrations and loads in the Cache Creek watershed, California: Science of the Total Environment, v. 327, no. 1-3, p. 215-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.013.","startPage":"215","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209064,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.013"}],"volume":"327","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53d9e4b0c8380cd6cd5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slotton, D.G.","contributorId":11811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotton","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suchanek, T.H.","contributorId":20682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchanek","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayers, S.M.","contributorId":28789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026147,"text":"70026147 - 2004 - Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026147","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study","docAbstract":"Understanding the formation and exhumation of the remarkable ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks of the Western Gneiss Region, Norway, hinges on precise determination of the time of eclogite recrystallization. We conducted detailed thermal ionization mass spectrometry, chemical abrasion analysis and sensitive high-resolution ion-microprobe analysis of zircons from four ultrahigh- and high-pressure (HP) rocks. Ion-microprobe analyses from the Flatraket eclogite yielded a broad range of apparently concordant Caledonian ages, suggesting long-term growth. In contrast, higher precision thermal ionization mass spectrometry analysis of zircon subject to combined thermal annealing and multi-step chemical abrasion yielded moderate Pb loss from the first (lowest temperature) abrasion step, possible minor Pb loss or minor growth at 400 Ma from the second step and a 407-404 Ma cluster of slightly discordant 206Pb/238U ages, most likely free from Pb loss, from the remaining abrasion steps. We interpret the latter to reflect zircon crystallization at ???405-400 Ma with minor discordance from inherited cores. Zircon crystallization occurred at eclogite-facies, possibly post-peak conditions, based on compositions of garnet inclusions in zircon as well as nearly flat HREE profiles and lack of Eu anomalies in zircon fractions subjected to chemical abrasion. These ages are significantly younger than the 425 Ma age often cited for western Norway eclogite recrystallization, implying faster rates of exhumation (>2.5-8.5 km/Myr), and coeval formation of eclogites across the UHP portion of the Western Gneiss Region. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Root, D., Hacker, B.R., Mattinson, J., and Wooden, J.L., 2004, Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 228, no. 3-4, p. 325-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019.","startPage":"325","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019"},{"id":234697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd28de4b08c986b32f89b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Root, D.B.","contributorId":99348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hacker, B. R.","contributorId":54269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hacker","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattinson, J.M.","contributorId":18940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattinson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026425,"text":"70026425 - 2004 - Nesting biology of three grassland passerines in the northern tallgrass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:14:07","indexId":"70026425","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting biology of three grassland passerines in the northern tallgrass prairie","docAbstract":"<p><span>Basic nesting information on grassland passerines is needed for improving grassland bird management. Among the information needs are (1) the suitability of nesting habitat, (2) periods during the breeding season in which birds are most vulnerable to disturbances, and (3) how to fit grasslands into a prioritization scheme for conservation. Comparisons of nesting parameters among grassland species will help identify important management considerations. We describe and compare nest-site characteristics, nesting phenology, clutch size, hatching and fledging success, and brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (</span><i>Molothrus ater</i><span>) for three grassland passerine species nesting in tallgrass prairie of northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota. During 1998–2002, we found 793 Clay-colored Sparrow (</span><i>Spizella pallida</i><span>), 687 Savannah Sparrow (</span><i>Passerculus sandwichensis</i><span>), and 315 Bobolink (</span><i>Dolichonyx oryzivorus</i><span>) nests. These species differed in many aspects of their breeding ecology. Clay-colored and Savannah sparrows initiated their nests almost 2 weeks earlier than Bobolinks, with peak nesting occurring in June. Clutch size was lower (3.77 ± 0.03 SE) for Clay-colored Sparrows than Savannah Sparrows (4.13 ± 0.05) and Bobolinks (5.25 ± 0.08). The number of host eggs hatched per nest was higher in Bobolinks (3.46 ± 0.20) than in Clay-colored Sparrows (2.52 ± 0.09) and Savannah Sparrows (2.41 ± 0.11), but the number of young fledged per Bobolink nest (1.97) was similar to that of Savannah Sparrows (2.01). Clay-colored Sparrows fledged only 1.35 host young per nest. Mayfield nest success was higher for Savannah Sparrows (31.4%) than for Clay-colored Sparrows (27.4%) or Bobolinks (20.7%). The main cause of nest failure was nest predation: predation in Clay-colored Sparrows (47.9%) was higher than in Savannah Sparrows (33.5%) but similar to Bobolinks (41.8%). Brood parasitism was lower in Clay-colored Sparrows (5.1%) than in Bobolinks (10.8%), and intermediate (6.7%) in Savannah Sparrows. Compared with most other studies, grassland bird nests in our study area were more successful and less frequently parasitized; thus, northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota appear to provide important breeding habitat for grassland birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/03-082","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Winter, M., Johnson, D.H., Shaffer, J.A., and Svedarsky, W.D., 2004, Nesting biology of three grassland passerines in the northern tallgrass prairie: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3, p. 211-223, https://doi.org/10.1676/03-082.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64b4e4b0c8380cd72a37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Maiken","contributorId":174790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Maiken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svedarsky, W. Daniel","contributorId":52763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svedarsky","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027008,"text":"70027008 - 2004 - A simple technique for trapping <i>Siren lacertina, Amphiuma means</i>, and other aquatic vertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T08:20:42","indexId":"70027008","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple technique for trapping <i>Siren lacertina, Amphiuma means</i>, and other aquatic vertebrates","docAbstract":"<p>We describe a commercially-available funnel trap for sampling aquatic vertebrates. The traps can be used in heavily vegetated wetlands and can be set in water up to 60 cm deep without concern for drowning the animals. They were especially useful for capturing the aquatic salamanders Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means, which have been difficult to capture with traditional sampling methods. They also were effective for sampling small fishes, particularly centrarchids, and larval anurans. In total, 14 species of amphibians, nine species of aquatic reptiles, and at least 32 fish species were captured. The trap we describe differs significantly from traditional funnel traps (e.g., minnow traps) and holds great promise for studies of small, aquatic vertebrates, in particular Siren and Amphiuma species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2004.9664540","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S., and Barichivich, W., 2004, A simple technique for trapping <i>Siren lacertina, Amphiuma means</i>, and other aquatic vertebrates: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 19, no. 2, p. 263-269, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2004.9664540.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e592e4b0c8380cd46e38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, S. A.","contributorId":53723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barichivich, W.J. 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":91435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027009,"text":"70027009 - 2004 - Red imported fire ant impacts on wildlife: A decade of research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T16:30:08.545691","indexId":"70027009","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Red imported fire ant impacts on wildlife: A decade of research","docAbstract":"<p>The negative impacts of biological invasion are economically and ecologically significant and, while incompletely quantified, they are clearly substantial. Ants (family Formicidae) are an important, although often overlooked, component of many terrestrial ecosystems. Six species of ants are especially striking in their global ability to invade, and their impacts. This paper focuses on the impacts of the most destructive of those species, the red imported fire ant (<i>Solenopsis invicta</i>), and focuses on impacts on native vertebrates. Red imported fire ants often become the dominant ant species in infested areas outside of their native range due to their aggressive foraging behavior, high reproductive capability and lack of predators and/or other strong competitors. The evidence suggests that mammals, birds and herpetofauna are vulnerable to negative impacts from fire ants, and some species are more likely to experience negative population-level impacts than other species. Assessing the ecological impacts of fire ants on wild animal populations is logistically difficult, and very few studies have combined replicated experimental manipulation with adequate spatial (&gt;10 ha) and temporal (&gt;1 y) scale. Thus, most studies have been observational, opportunistic, small-scale or 'natural' experiments. However, significant research, including an increase in experimental and mechanistic investigations, has occurred during the past decade, and this has led to information that can lead to better management of potentially affected species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0088:RIFAIO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.R., Epperson, D., and Garmestani, A., 2004, Red imported fire ant impacts on wildlife: A decade of research: American Midland Naturalist, v. 152, no. 1, p. 88-103, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0088:RIFAIO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a37ae4b0e8fec6cdb8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epperson, D.M. 0000-0002-0567-4915","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-4915","contributorId":95246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epperson","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garmestani, A.S.","contributorId":86882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027011,"text":"70027011 - 2004 - Log Pearson type 3 quantile estimators with regional skew information and low outlier adjustments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:01:57","indexId":"70027011","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Log Pearson type 3 quantile estimators with regional skew information and low outlier adjustments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The recently developed expected moments algorithm (EMA) [</span><span><i>Cohn et al.</i>, 1997</span><span>] does as well as maximum likelihood estimations at estimating log‐Pearson type 3 (LP3) flood quantiles using systematic and historical flood information. Needed extensions include use of a regional skewness estimator and its precision to be consistent with<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bulletin 17B</i><span>. Another issue addressed by<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bulletin 17B</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the treatment of low outliers. A Monte Carlo study compares the performance of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bulletin 17B</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>using the entire sample with and without regional skew with estimators that use regional skew and censor low outliers, including an extended EMA estimator, the conditional probability adjustment (CPA) from<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bulletin 17B</i><span>, and an estimator that uses probability plot regression (PPR) to compute substitute values for low outliers. Estimators that neglect regional skew information do much worse than estimators that use an informative regional skewness estimator. For LP3 data the low outlier rejection procedure generally results in no loss of overall accuracy, and the differences between the MSEs of the estimators that used an informative regional skew are generally modest in the skewness range of real interest. Samples contaminated to model actual flood data demonstrate that estimators which give special treatment to low outliers significantly outperform estimators that make no such adjustment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002697","usgsCitation":"Griffis, V., Stedinger, J.R., and Cohn, T., 2004, Log Pearson type 3 quantile estimators with regional skew information and low outlier adjustments: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 7, Article W07503; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002697.","productDescription":"Article W07503; 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a493fe4b0c8380cd68466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffis, V.W.","contributorId":29616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffis","given":"V.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, Jery R.","contributorId":76198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"Jery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, T.A.","contributorId":84789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027012,"text":"70027012 - 2004 - Decadal-scale climate drivers for glacial dynamics in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T13:12:27","indexId":"70027012","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal-scale climate drivers for glacial dynamics in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Little Ice Age (14th-19th centuries A.D.) glacial maxima and 20th century retreat have been well documented in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. However, the influence of regional and Pacific Basin driven climate variability on these events is poorly understood. We use tree-ring reconstructions of North Pacific surface temperature anomalies and summer drought as proxies for winter glacial accumulation and summer ablation, respectively, over the past three centuries. These records show that the 1850's glacial maximum was likely produced by ???70 yrs of cool/wet summers coupled with high snowpack. Post 1850, glacial retreat coincides with an extended period (&gt;50 yr) of summer drought and low snowpack culminating in the exceptional events of 1917 to 1941 when retreat rates for some glaciers exceeded 100 m/yr. This research highlights potential local and ocean-based drivers of glacial dynamics, and difficulties in separating the effects of global climate change from regional expressions of decadal-scale climate variability. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004GL019770","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G., Fagre, D., Gray, S., and Graumlich, L., 2004, Decadal-scale climate drivers for glacial dynamics in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 12, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019770.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209194,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019770"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-114.245,49.0001],[-114.123,49.0001],[-114.061,48.9861],[-114.0639,48.9897],[-114.069,49.0001],[-114.0685,49.0001],[-114.0648,49.0001],[-114.0582,49.0001],[-114.0579,49.0001],[-114.0508,49.0001],[-114.0506,49.0001],[-114.049,49],[-114.0406,49],[-114.0296,49],[-114.0235,49],[-114.0203,49],[-114.0171,49],[-114.0159,49],[-114.0093,49],[-114.0037,49],[-114,49],[-113.9952,49],[-113.9919,49],[-113.9598,49],[-113.9248,49.0001],[-113.9052,49.0001],[-113.9043,49.0001],[-113.8933,49.0001],[-113.8462,49.0001],[-113.8393,49.0001],[-113.838,49.0001],[-113.8107,49.0001],[-113.7558,49.0001],[-113.7164,49],[-113.7163,49],[-113.7073,49],[-113.703,49],[-113.6989,49.0001],[-113.6843,49.0001],[-113.6816,49.0001],[-113.673,49.0001],[-113.6616,49.0001],[-113.6534,49.0001],[-113.6228,49.0001],[-113.6181,49.0001],[-113.6159,49.0001],[-113.6147,49.0001],[-113.6132,49.0001],[-113.6087,49.0001],[-113.5303,49],[-113.5298,49],[-113.528,49],[-113.5193,49],[-113.5085,49],[-113.5017,49],[-113.501,49],[-113.5001,49],[-113.5,49],[-113.4997,49],[-113.4996,49],[-113.4972,49],[-113.4965,49],[-113.492,49],[-113.4848,49],[-113.4744,49],[-113.4639,49],[-113.4545,49],[-113.4391,49.0001],[-113.4249,49.0001],[-113.4033,49.0001],[-113.3828,49.0001],[-113.3776,49.0001],[-113.3498,49.0001],[-113.3478,49.0001],[-113.3412,49.0001],[-113.3385,49.0001],[-113.3194,49.0001],[-113.2514,49],[-113.25,49],[-113.225,49.0001],[-113.2137,49],[-113.1705,49.0001],[-113.1427,49.0001],[-113.0967,49.0001],[-113.0856,49.0001],[-113.0845,49.0001],[-113.0777,49.0001],[-113.0358,49],[-113.0159,49],[-113.0151,49],[-113.0121,49],[-113.0105,49],[-113.0103,49],[-113.0101,49],[-113.0094,49],[-113.0048,49],[-113,49],[-112.9979,49],[-112.9969,49],[-112.9913,49],[-112.9858,49],[-112.9728,49],[-112.9606,49],[-112.9423,49.0001],[-112.9011,49.0001],[-112.801,49.0001],[-112.7986,49],[-112.7865,49],[-112.7658,49],[-112.7514,49],[-112.7493,49],[-112.7486,49],[-112.7484,49],[-112.7482,49],[-112.699,49.0001],[-112.6988,49.0001],[-112.6986,49.0001],[-112.6983,49.0001],[-112.698,49.0001],[-112.6906,49.0001],[-112.6537,49.0001],[-112.6483,49.0001],[-112.6423,49.0001],[-112.6317,49.0001],[-112.6306,49.0001],[-112.6304,49.0001],[-112.6299,49.0001],[-112.6273,49.0001],[-112.6201,49.0001],[-112.62,49.0001],[-112.6197,49.0001],[-112.6196,49.0001],[-112.6184,49.0001],[-112.6003,49.0001],[-112.5751,49.0001],[-112.5719,49.0001],[-112.5658,49.0001],[-112.5591,49.0001],[-112.5576,49.0001],[-112.5572,49.0001],[-112.557,49.0001],[-112.5564,49.0001],[-112.5563,49.0001],[-112.5554,49.0001],[-112.5545,49.0001],[-112.554,49.0001],[-112.5478,49],[-112.5477,49],[-112.5416,49],[-112.5345,49],[-112.5286,49],[-112.5258,49],[-112.5029,49],[-112.5013,49],[-112.5009,49],[-112.5005,49],[-112.5,49],[-112.4579,49],[-112.4562,49],[-112.4096,49.0001],[-112.4096,49.0006],[-112.3681,49.0007],[-112.1911,49.0006],[-112.1912,49.0002],[-112.1912,49.0001],[-112.1964,48.9131],[-112.1888,48.9132],[-112.1893,48.8258],[-112.189,48.7375],[-112.1915,48.6516],[-112.1913,48.5666],[-112.1879,48.5662],[-112.1849,48.4753],[-112.2032,48.476],[-112.2156,48.48],[-112.2279,48.4808],[-112.2299,48.4807],[-112.313,48.4829],[-112.4463,48.4839],[-112.5756,48.4839],[-112.5775,48.3943],[-112.5781,48.3085],[-112.5869,48.3083],[-112.7105,48.3097],[-112.8428,48.3098],[-112.969,48.309],[-113.0742,48.3099],[-113.2302,48.3074],[-113.2296,48.3102],[-113.3559,48.31],[-113.3624,48.3195],[-113.3645,48.3222],[-113.3675,48.3268],[-113.37216666666673,48.33130000000006],[-113.368,48.3268],[-113.365,48.3222],[-113.356,48.31],[-113.348,48.3046],[-113.339,48.3039],[-113.329,48.3054],[-113.334,48.298],[-113.333,48.2943],[-113.331,48.2906],[-113.324,48.2871],[-113.305,48.2838],[-113.298,48.2807],[-113.295,48.2766],[-113.293,48.2679],[-113.281,48.2607],[-113.267,48.2582],[-113.261,48.2561],[-113.253,48.2543],[-113.248,48.2512],[-113.238,48.2436],[-113.23,48.2354],[-113.226,48.2291],[-113.227,48.2262],[-113.233,48.2211],[-113.238,48.2168],[-113.239,48.2076],[-113.237,48.1919],[-113.234,48.1846],[-113.233,48.1685],[-113.206,48.1644],[-113.187,48.1698],[-113.172,48.1655],[-113.166,48.1592],[-113.161,48.1542],[-113.155,48.1516],[-113.14,48.1518],[-113.135,48.1358],[-113.107,48.1368],[-113.099,48.136],[-113.094,48.1366],[-113.079,48.1368],[-113.07,48.1495],[-113.064,48.1454],[-113.054,48.135],[-113.058,48.1322],[-113.058,48.1294],[-113.06,48.1243],[-113.059,48.1211],[-113.056,48.1193],[-113.052,48.1198],[-113.037,48.1288],[-113.03,48.1285],[-113.016,48.1301],[-113.007,48.1322],[-112.999,48.1286],[-112.989,48.12],[-112.997,48.1065],[-112.995,48.0982],[-112.988,48.0933],[-112.983,48.0883],[-112.981,48.0824],[-112.983,48.0759],[-112.982,48.0731],[-112.969,48.0747],[-112.958,48.068],[-112.942,48.0619],[-112.938,48.0582],[-112.947,48.0507],[-112.954,48.0363],[-112.95,48.0308],[-112.94,48.0347],[-112.936,48.0343],[-112.911,48.0301],[-112.906,48.0242],[-112.899,48.0197],[-112.898,48.0138],[-112.897,48.0087],[-112.886,47.9831],[-112.888,47.9785],[-112.898,47.9751],[-112.902,47.9718],[-112.905,47.9685],[-112.911,47.9619],[-112.912,47.9582],[-112.914,47.9494],[-112.924,47.947],[-112.932,47.9454],[-112.949,47.9456],[-112.954,47.9469],[-112.965,47.9527],[-112.978,47.9538],[-112.989,47.9495],[-112.998,47.9452],[-113.004,47.9446],[-113.011,47.9422],[-113.015,47.9394],[-113.018,47.9361],[-113.02,47.9314],[-113.025,47.9267],[-113.039,47.9279],[-113.047,47.9277],[-113.053,47.9262],[-113.058,47.9257],[-113.077,47.9202],[-113.086,47.9164],[-113.091,47.9075],[-113.094,47.902],[-113.091,47.896],[-113.083,47.892],[-113.07,47.8886],[-113.065,47.8845],[-113.065,47.8776],[-113.062,47.874],[-113.059,47.8676],[-113.059,47.8427],[-113.066,47.8343],[-113.062,47.8233],[-113.063,47.8136],[-113.061,47.8077],[-113.068,47.8011],[-113.066,47.7873],[-113.071,47.7771],[-113.074,47.7729],[-113.079,47.7724],[-113.084,47.7695],[-113.086,47.7644],[-113.083,47.7603],[-113.08,47.753],[-113.085,47.7478],[-113.093,47.7458],[-113.1,47.7444],[-113.111,47.7423],[-113.118,47.7422],[-113.126,47.7439],[-113.137,47.7455],[-113.144,47.743],[-113.152,47.7374],[-113.155,47.7304],[-113.162,47.7271],[-113.167,47.7233],[-113.167,47.7182],[-113.165,47.7155],[-113.159,47.6995],[-113.158,47.6935],[-113.154,47.6849],[-113.132,47.6586],[-113.131,47.6526],[-113.129,47.6467],[-113.133,47.6429],[-113.141,47.6386],[-113.147,47.6297],[-113.146,47.6265],[-113.143,47.6252],[-113.14,47.6225],[-113.137,47.6194],[-113.145,47.6114],[-113.149,47.609],[-113.149,47.5998],[-113.314,47.6007],[-113.472,47.6011],[-113.627,47.6013],[-113.624,47.6152],[-113.624,47.6185],[-113.623,47.6226],[-113.623,47.63],[-113.62,47.636],[-113.621,47.6415],[-113.621,47.6475],[-113.622,47.6525],[-113.621,47.659],[-113.609,47.6598],[-113.603,47.6636],[-113.6,47.6659],[-113.598,47.6706],[-113.595,47.6822],[-113.596,47.6955],[-113.6,47.7046],[-113.604,47.7252],[-113.619,47.7253],[-113.634,47.725],[-113.648,47.7335],[-113.657,47.7425],[-113.66,47.7475],[-113.653,47.7513],[-113.649,47.7556],[-113.645,47.7598],[-113.647,47.7699],[-113.651,47.7753],[-113.666,47.7796],[-113.671,47.7841],[-113.67,47.791],[-113.68,47.7949],[-113.682,47.7999],[-113.682,47.8036],[-113.678,47.8078],[-113.675,47.8107],[-113.667,47.8122],[-113.665,47.8174],[-113.673,47.8241],[-113.672,47.8301],[-113.668,47.8339],[-113.666,47.8394],[-113.67,47.8453],[-113.675,47.8581],[-113.673,47.8633],[-113.668,47.8684],[-113.664,47.8722],[-113.663,47.8782],[-113.667,47.8896],[-113.677,47.8982],[-113.685,47.9021],[-113.699,47.9156],[-113.708,47.9168],[-113.716,47.9171],[-113.725,47.9192],[-113.73,47.926],[-113.731,47.9347],[-113.735,47.9415],[-113.745,47.9459],[-113.748,47.956],[-113.756,47.9498],[-113.769,47.9472],[-113.774,47.9554],[-113.778,47.9599],[-113.782,47.9639],[-113.787,47.9675],[-113.797,47.9691],[-113.8,47.975],[-113.799,47.9861],[-113.815,47.9816],[-113.822,47.98],[-113.829,47.978],[-113.842,47.9768],[-113.843,47.9791],[-113.846,47.9822],[-113.849,47.9877],[-113.856,47.9953],[-113.859,48.0013],[-113.864,48.0071],[-113.868,48.0158],[-113.867,48.0228],[-113.862,48.0303],[-113.867,48.032],[-113.873,48.0364],[-113.871,48.0429],[-113.887,48.0509],[-113.942,48.0527],[-114.031,48.0523],[-114.033,48.0366],[-114.052,48.0366],[-114.055,48.0236],[-114.08,48.0234],[-114.078,48.0198],[-114.077,48.0148],[-114.073,48.0098],[-114.071,48.0043],[-114.064,47.9916],[-114.059,47.994],[-114.058,48.0028],[-114.049,47.9984],[-114.044,47.9925],[-114.042,47.9848],[-114.042,47.9801],[-114.045,47.9741],[-114.045,47.969],[-114.043,47.964],[-114.043,47.9603],[-114.239,47.9616],[-114.304,47.9622],[-114.409,47.962],[-114.492,47.962],[-114.492,47.9477],[-114.492,47.8855],[-114.492,47.8762],[-114.48,47.8757],[-114.479,47.7909],[-114.606,47.7891],[-114.604,47.8748],[-114.726,47.8739],[-114.814,47.8749],[-114.845,47.8749],[-114.859,47.8731],[-114.876,47.873],[-114.947,47.8739],[-114.992,47.8744],[-114.991,47.9016],[-114.991,47.9163],[-114.988,48.0033],[-115.009,48.0032],[-115.011,48.0176],[-115.011,48.0471],[-115.013,48.1398],[-115.02,48.1395],[-115.02,48.1488],[-115.021,48.2277],[-114.91,48.228],[-114.875,48.2277],[-114.849,48.2281],[-114.849,48.2881],[-114.849,48.2899],[-114.848,48.3832],[-114.849,48.4987],[-114.848,48.5163],[-114.848,48.5736],[-114.888,48.5742],[-114.887,48.5885],[-114.887,48.6167],[-114.887,48.6306],[-114.887,48.6579],[-114.762,48.6594],[-114.757,48.6596],[-114.639,48.6589],[-114.642,48.6644],[-114.656,48.6706],[-114.676,48.6762],[-114.682,48.6757],[-114.693,48.6768],[-114.694,48.68],[-114.692,48.6833],[-114.684,48.6965],[-114.686,48.6996],[-114.691,48.7032],[-114.677,48.7261],[-114.635,48.7345],[-114.625,48.7433],[-114.622,48.7473],[-114.617,48.7484],[-114.611,48.7532],[-114.621,48.758],[-114.63,48.7595],[-114.637,48.7598],[-114.639,48.7621],[-114.644,48.773],[-114.657,48.7823],[-114.663,48.784],[-114.67,48.7871],[-114.669,48.7959],[-114.676,48.7994],[-114.694,48.8007],[-114.701,48.8018],[-114.708,48.8012],[-114.715,48.801],[-114.721,48.8022],[-114.726,48.8044],[-114.73,48.8056],[-114.733,48.8069],[-114.735,48.8105],[-114.733,48.8162],[-114.73,48.8223],[-114.73,48.826],[-114.729,48.8292],[-114.722,48.8318],[-114.713,48.833],[-114.708,48.8359],[-114.702,48.8384],[-114.698,48.8394],[-114.694,48.8409],[-114.692,48.8456],[-114.689,48.8582],[-114.691,48.8655],[-114.695,48.8751],[-114.709,48.8872],[-114.709,48.8927],[-114.704,48.8994],[-114.706,48.9063],[-114.709,48.9182],[-114.709,48.9242],[-114.712,48.9274],[-114.717,48.9295],[-114.722,48.9326],[-114.718,48.9406],[-114.709,48.945],[-114.705,48.948],[-114.698,48.9514],[-114.694,48.9557],[-114.693,48.9599],[-114.687,48.9633],[-114.685,48.9657],[-114.684,48.9689],[-114.687,48.9735],[-114.694,48.9761],[-114.714,48.981],[-114.722,48.9835],[-114.727,48.9857],[-114.732,48.9906],[-114.727,49.0001],[-114.245,49.0001]],[[-114.0547142857143,48.979628571428634],[-114.054,48.9747],[-114.051,48.9678],[-114.0535,48.9747],[-114.0547142857143,48.979628571428634]],[[-114.0278041002278,48.95489271070615],[-114.03614123006832,48.95023781321184],[-114.031,48.9526],[-114.0278041002278,48.95489271070615]],[[-114.04740000000001,48.93206000000004],[-114.047,48.9304],[-114.04449999999991,48.93012499999999],[-114.0469,48.9304],[-114.04740000000001,48.93206000000004]],[[-114.03718661137441,48.929320527251186],[-114.037,48.9293],[-114.0315,48.93035],[-114.03718661137441,48.929320527251186]],[[-114.02597653339954,48.931349937919045],[-114.02450000000003,48.928200000000075],[-114.0257,48.9314],[-114.02597653339954,48.931349937919045]],[[-114.03524999999992,48.89537500000005],[-114.039,48.8932],[-114.044,48.8866],[-114.04000000000009,48.88326666666674],[-114.0438,48.8866],[-114.0387,48.8932],[-114.03524999999992,48.89537500000005]],[[-114.03320000000001,48.87544000000002],[-114.033,48.8748],[-114.0274999999996,48.869849999999644],[-114.0329,48.8748],[-114.03320000000001,48.87544000000002]],[[-114.01780000000036,48.86418000000006],[-114.001,48.8613],[-113.993,48.8541],[-113.99000000000005,48.84942000000009],[-113.9927,48.8541],[-114.0006,48.8613],[-114.01780000000036,48.86418000000006]],[[-113.98933333333339,48.84229999999981],[-113.99,48.8403],[-113.9909999999999,48.83950000000007],[-113.9899,48.8403],[-113.98933333333339,48.84229999999981]],[[-113.99500000000005,48.837066666666644],[-113.999,48.8354],[-114.011,48.8305],[-113.994,48.8235],[-113.99033333333325,48.82283333333332],[-113.9938,48.8235],[-114.0106,48.8305],[-113.9986,48.8354],[-113.99500000000005,48.837066666666644]],[[-113.97029784172662,48.81861489208634],[-113.97,48.8186],[-113.96903360343184,48.8252681363203],[-113.9693,48.8255],[-113.97029784172662,48.81861489208634]],[[-113.96524999999993,48.82197499999994],[-113.959,48.8161],[-113.95867040673213,48.816248316970544],[-113.96524999999993,48.82197499999994]],[[-113.94653846153847,48.82148269230769],[-113.92985714285693,48.820857142857136],[-113.9465,48.8215],[-113.94653846153847,48.82148269230769]],[[-113.92311188811189,48.820604195804194],[-113.923,48.8206],[-113.921,48.8207],[-113.92166666666661,48.82236666666651],[-113.9211,48.8207],[-113.92311188811189,48.820604195804194]],[[-113.92286153846153,48.82589615384616],[-113.917,48.8342],[-113.915,48.8393],[-113.9125,48.8447],[-113.9153,48.8393],[-113.9171,48.8342],[-113.9244,48.8308],[-113.92286153846153,48.82589615384616]],[[-113.90973162650603,48.8500390060241],[-113.888,48.8451],[-113.88355555555555,48.84237777777777],[-113.8875,48.8451],[-113.9097,48.8501],[-113.90973162650603,48.8500390060241]],[[-113.87314403292181,48.83353991769547],[-113.873,48.8334],[-113.87,48.8409],[-113.86666666666675,48.84359999999993],[-113.8702,48.8409],[-113.87314403292181,48.83353991769547]],[[-113.8546666666666,48.85066666666668],[-113.852,48.8515],[-113.84405909090908,48.85348522727272],[-113.8441,48.8535],[-113.8522,48.8515],[-113.8546666666666,48.85066666666668]],[[-113.84049999999984,48.85219999999994],[-113.823,48.8457],[-113.815,48.8376],[-113.81460952094004,48.8376097619765],[-113.8225,48.8457],[-113.84049999999984,48.85219999999994]],[[-113.80860000000004,48.83776],[-113.807,48.8378],[-113.79216741071428,48.84175535714286],[-113.7922,48.8418],[-113.8071,48.8378],[-113.80860000000004,48.83776]],[[-113.78733333333344,48.835133333333495],[-113.785,48.8318],[-113.7847274379164,48.83156680799515],[-113.7849,48.8318],[-113.78733333333344,48.835133333333495]],[[-113.771,48.82195],[-113.766,48.8198],[-113.7636,48.818180000000005],[-113.7657,48.8198],[-113.771,48.82195]],[[-113.76599999999996,48.80270000000002],[-113.774,48.7983],[-113.774,48.7941],[-113.7736,48.7983],[-113.76599999999996,48.80270000000002]],[[-113.7679999999999,48.78363333333329],[-113.764,48.7819],[-113.763,48.7731],[-113.757,48.7677],[-113.7627,48.7731],[-113.7638,48.7819],[-113.7679999999999,48.78363333333329]],[[-113.74499999999999,48.760799999999996],[-113.741,48.7579],[-113.738,48.7511],[-113.7355,48.748599999999996],[-113.7377,48.7511],[-113.7408,48.7579],[-113.74499999999999,48.760799999999996]],[[-113.72199999999998,48.74279999999999],[-113.719,48.7413],[-113.7136000000001,48.73758000000007],[-113.7187,48.7413],[-113.72199999999998,48.74279999999999]],[[-113.70933333333332,48.72723333333338],[-113.71,48.7235],[-113.704,48.7186],[-113.704,48.71758000000012],[-113.7039,48.7186],[-113.7096,48.7235],[-113.70933333333332,48.72723333333338]],[[-113.70900000000007,48.70339999999982],[-113.71,48.7008],[-113.7103333333333,48.70050000000003],[-113.7099,48.7008],[-113.70900000000007,48.70339999999982]],[[-113.71366666666673,48.69889999999997],[-113.719,48.6969],[-113.72700000000005,48.694099999999985],[-113.7186,48.6969],[-113.71366666666673,48.69889999999997]],[[-113.737,48.691],[-113.741,48.69],[-113.737,48.6804],[-113.732,48.6758],[-113.73033333333338,48.673833333333384],[-113.7318,48.6758],[-113.7368,48.6804],[-113.7407,48.69],[-113.737,48.691]],[[-113.74485714285713,48.65220000000001],[-113.746,48.6506],[-113.74519999999998,48.64315999999984],[-113.7456,48.6506],[-113.74485714285713,48.65220000000001]],[[-113.744,48.6335],[-113.746,48.6302],[-113.75,48.6223],[-113.752,48.6162],[-113.7496,48.6223],[-113.7459,48.6302],[-113.744,48.6335]],[[-113.733,48.6042],[-113.728,48.6025],[-113.722,48.598],[-113.71900000000007,48.596366666666704],[-113.7218,48.598],[-113.7275,48.6025],[-113.733,48.6042]],[[-113.71304738920578,48.59312580078982],[-113.713,48.5931],[-113.70513559322035,48.593689830508474],[-113.7052,48.5937],[-113.71304738920578,48.59312580078982]],[[-113.7026666666666,48.59329999999999],[-113.698,48.5925],[-113.68828571428566,48.592214285714284],[-113.6976,48.5925],[-113.7026666666666,48.59329999999999]],[[-113.66812222222222,48.58140777777778],[-113.668,48.5812],[-113.66150000000009,48.585049999999946],[-113.66812222222222,48.58140777777778]],[[-113.638,48.599],[-113.623,48.5928],[-113.61957142857136,48.58872857142849],[-113.6227,48.5928],[-113.638,48.599]],[[-113.6132857142857,48.58015714285713],[-113.612,48.5778],[-113.60985714285715,48.576085714285725],[-113.6117,48.5778],[-113.6132857142857,48.58015714285713]],[[-113.60705057471264,48.57384045977011],[-113.607,48.5738],[-113.59980000000004,48.574679999999994],[-113.60705057471264,48.57384045977011]],[[-113.58088645161291,48.582157419354836],[-113.573,48.5792],[-113.57292387933465,48.57920930363687],[-113.5806,48.5822],[-113.58088645161291,48.582157419354836]],[[-113.507,48.55598],[-113.504,48.5552],[-113.50099999999995,48.553871428571405],[-113.5037,48.5552],[-113.507,48.55598]],[[-113.49433333333334,48.55178888888889],[-113.491,48.5514],[-113.49078771796816,48.55142918877938],[-113.49433333333334,48.55178888888889]],[[-113.48433333333321,48.552316666666684],[-113.48306609469336,48.55249091197967],[-113.4831,48.5525],[-113.48433333333321,48.552316666666684]],[[-113.47233333333332,48.50109999999995],[-113.472,48.4991],[-113.4693333333334,48.495766666666746],[-113.4718,48.4991],[-113.47233333333332,48.50109999999995]],[[-113.4693333333334,48.49129999999987],[-113.472,48.4857],[-113.469,48.4793],[-113.469,48.4742],[-113.474,48.47],[-113.47600000000006,48.46809999999996],[-113.4738,48.47],[-113.4686,48.4742],[-113.4688,48.4793],[-113.4718,48.4857],[-113.4693333333334,48.49129999999987]],[[-113.4753333333333,48.45002222222221],[-113.472,48.4488],[-113.466,48.4443],[-113.46500000000006,48.44340000000006],[-113.4659,48.4443],[-113.4715,48.4488],[-113.4753333333333,48.45002222222221]],[[-113.46201840490798,48.44071656441718],[-113.462,48.4407],[-113.45209010540633,48.44129459367562],[-113.4521,48.4413],[-113.46201840490798,48.44071656441718]],[[-113.35989808566313,48.423774645365654],[-113.35,48.4116],[-113.35071428571428,48.40567142857152],[-113.3495,48.4116],[-113.3595,48.4239],[-113.35989808566313,48.423774645365654]],[[-113.35071428571428,48.401471428571355],[-113.35,48.3969],[-113.34642857142863,48.39361428571434],[-113.3495,48.3969],[-113.35071428571428,48.401471428571355]],[[-113.34242857142851,48.390785714285684],[-113.336,48.387],[-113.33488888888888,48.38138888888887],[-113.3355,48.387],[-113.34242857142851,48.390785714285684]],[[-113.35978130841121,48.357893894080995],[-113.375,48.3502],[-113.389,48.3434],[-113.379,48.3367],[-113.37499999999982,48.33369999999986],[-113.3788,48.3367],[-113.3886,48.3434],[-113.3746,48.3502],[-113.3679,48.3531],[-113.35978130841121,48.357893894080995]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Flathead\",\"state\":\"MT\"}}]}","volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe01e4b0c8380cd4ea72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pederson, G.T.","contributorId":19353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graumlich, L.J.","contributorId":30417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027013,"text":"70027013 - 2004 - Joint inversion of gravity and arrival time data from Parkfield: New constraints on structure and hypocenter locations near the SAFOD drill site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027013","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint inversion of gravity and arrival time data from Parkfield: New constraints on structure and hypocenter locations near the SAFOD drill site","docAbstract":"Taking advantage of large datasets of both gravity and elastic wave arrival time observations available for the Parkfield, California region, we generated an image consistent with both types of data. Among a variety of strategies, the best result was obtained from a simultaneous inversion with a stability requirement that encouraged the perturbed model to remain close to a starting model consisting of a best fit to the arrival time data. The preferred model looks essentially the same as the best-fit arrival time model in areas where ray coverage is dense, with differences being greatest at shallow depths and near the edges of the model where ray paths are few. Earthquake locations change by no more than about 100 m, the general effect being migration of the seismic zone to the northeast, closer to the surface trace of the San Andreas Fault. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003GL019396","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Roecker, S., Thurber, C., and McPhee, D., 2004, Joint inversion of gravity and arrival time data from Parkfield: New constraints on structure and hypocenter locations near the SAFOD drill site: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019396.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019396"},{"id":235439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4002e4b0c8380cd649cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roecker, S.","contributorId":10173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roecker","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, C.","contributorId":107046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPhee, D.","contributorId":62388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027035,"text":"70027035 - 2004 - Application of chemical coagulation aids for the removal of suspended solids (TSS) and phosphorus from the microscreen effluent discharge of an intensive recirculating aquaculture system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027035","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of chemical coagulation aids for the removal of suspended solids (TSS) and phosphorus from the microscreen effluent discharge of an intensive recirculating aquaculture system","docAbstract":"An evaluation of two commonly used coagulation-flocculation aids (alum and ferric chloride) was conducted to determine optimum conditions for treating the backwash effluent from microscreen filters in an intensive recirculating aquaculture system. Tests were carried out to evaluate the dosages and conditions (mixing and flocculation stirring speeds, durations, and settling times) required to achieve optimum waste capture. The orthophosphate removal efficiency for alum and ferric chloride were greater than 90% at a dosage of 60 mg/L. Optimum turbidity removal was achieved with a 60-mg/L dosage for both alum and ferric chloride. Both alum and ferric chloride demonstrated excellent removal of suspended solids from initial total suspended solid values of approximately 320 mg/L to approximately 10 mg/L at a dosage of 60 mg/L. Flocculation and mixing speed and duration played only a minor role in the removal efficiencies for both orthophosphates and suspended solids. Both coagulation-flocculation aids also exhibited excellent settling characteristics, with the majority of the floc quickly settling out in the first 5 min.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/A03-056.1","issn":"15222055","usgsCitation":"Ebeling, J., Ogden, S., Sibrell, P., and Rishel, K., 2004, Application of chemical coagulation aids for the removal of suspended solids (TSS) and phosphorus from the microscreen effluent discharge of an intensive recirculating aquaculture system: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 66, no. 3, p. 198-207, https://doi.org/10.1577/A03-056.1.","startPage":"198","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/A03-056.1"},{"id":235257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec98e4b0c8380cd49384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebeling, J.M.","contributorId":58068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebeling","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogden, S.R.","contributorId":105498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogden","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rishel, K.L.","contributorId":87344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rishel","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027038,"text":"70027038 - 2004 - Assessing denitrification in groundwater using natural gradient tracer tests with 15N: In situ measurement of a sequential multistep reaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:29:46","indexId":"70027038","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Assessing denitrification in groundwater using natural gradient tracer tests with <sup>15</sup>N: In situ measurement of a sequential multistep reaction","title":"Assessing denitrification in groundwater using natural gradient tracer tests with 15N: In situ measurement of a sequential multistep reaction","docAbstract":"<p><span>Denitrification was measured within a nitrate‐contaminated aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, using natural gradient tracer tests with&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N nitrate. The aquifer contained zones of relatively high concentrations of nitrite (up to 77 μM) and nitrous oxide (up to 143 μM) and has been the site of previous studies examining ground water denitrification using the acetylene block technique. Small‐scale (15–24 m travel distance) tracer tests were conducted by injecting<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>15</sup><span>N nitrate and bromide as tracers into a depth interval that contained nitrate, nitrite, nitrous oxide, and excess nitrogen gas. The timing of the bromide breakthrough curves at down‐gradient wells matched peaks in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>15</sup><span>N abundance above background for nitrate, nitrite, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen gas after more than 40 days of travel. Results were simulated with a one‐dimensional transport model using linked reaction kinetics for the individual steps of the denitrification reaction pathway. It was necessary to include within the model spatial variations in background concentrations of all nitrogen oxide species. The model indicated that nitrite production (0.036–0.047 μmol N (L aquifer)</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) was faster than the subsequent denitrification steps (0.013–0.016 μmol N (L aquifer)</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>d</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for nitrous oxide and 0.013–0.020 μmol N (L aquifer)</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>d</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for nitrogen gas) and that the total rate of reaction was slower than indicated by both acetylene block tracer tests and laboratory incubations. The rate of nitrate removal by denitrification was much slower than the rate of transport, indicating that nitrate would migrate several kilometers down‐gradient before being completely consumed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002919","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Bohlke, J., Garabedian, S.P., Revesz, K.M., and Yoshinari, T., 2004, Assessing denitrification in groundwater using natural gradient tracer tests with 15N: In situ measurement of a sequential multistep reaction: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002919.","productDescription":"W07101; 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002919","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd0e4b0c8380cd49a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Revesz, Kinga M. krevesz@usgs.gov","contributorId":506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","email":"krevesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":412095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoshinari, Tadashi","contributorId":44335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoshinari","given":"Tadashi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027040,"text":"70027040 - 2004 - A modern vs. Permian black shale - the hydrography, primary productivity, and water-column chemistry of deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027040","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modern vs. Permian black shale - the hydrography, primary productivity, and water-column chemistry of deposition","docAbstract":"The sediment currently accumulating in the Cariaco Basin, on the continental shelf of Venezuela, has an elevated organic-carbon content of approximately 5%; is accumulating under O2-depleted bottom-water conditions (SO42- reduction); is composed dominantly of foraminiferal calcite, diatomaceous silica, clay, and silt; and is dark greenish gray in color. Upon lithification, it will become a black shale. Recent studies have established the hydrography of the basin and the level of primary productivity and bottom-water redox conditions. These properties are used to model accumulation rates of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn on the seafloor. The model rates agree closely with measured rates for the uppermost surface sediment.The model is applied to the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation, a phosphate deposit of Permian age in the northwest United States. It too has all of the requisite properties of a black shale. Although the deposit is a world-class phosphorite, it is composed mostly of phosphatic mudstone and siltstone, chert, limestone, and dolomite. It has organic-carbon concentrations of up to 15%, is strongly enriched in several trace elements above a terrigenous contribution and is black. The trace-element accumulation defines a mean primary productivity in the photic zone of the Phosphoria Basin as moderate, at 500 g m-2 year-1 organic carbon, comparable to primary productivity in the Cariaco Basin. The source of nutrient-enriched water that was imported into the Phosphoria Basin, upwelled into the photic zone, and supported primary productivity was an O2 minimum zone of the open ocean. The depth range over which the water was imported would have been between approximately 100 and 600 m. The mean residence time of bottom water in the basin was approximately 4 years vs. 100 years in the Cariaco Basin. The bottom water was O2 depleted, but it was denitrifying, or NO3- reducing, rather than SO42- reducing. Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.006","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., and Perkins, R., 2004, A modern vs. Permian black shale - the hydrography, primary productivity, and water-column chemistry of deposition: Chemical Geology, v. 206, no. 3-4, p. 177-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.006.","startPage":"177","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.006"},{"id":235328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e483e4b0c8380cd466a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, R.B.","contributorId":49501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026239,"text":"70026239 - 2004 - Phytosociological study of the dwarf shrub heath of Simeonof Wilderness, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:27:15","indexId":"70026239","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3079,"text":"Phytocoenologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytosociological study of the dwarf shrub heath of Simeonof Wilderness, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"The maritime dwarf shrub heath vegetation of the Northern Pacific, Simeonof Island, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska, was studied according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. Based on 30 releve??s of 16 m2 that include vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens, two new associations could be described belonging to the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea (order Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia): Rubo-Empetretum nigri and Carici-Empetretum nigri. The wind-sheltered Rubo-Empetretum nigri (alliance Phyllodoco-Vaccinion) mainly occurs in the lowlands on level terrain or sloping sites at lower foot slopes of mountains on deeper, mesic soil; this association is the zonal vegetation of the lowlands. Boreal, widespread and amphi-Beringian species are prominent in the distribution-type spectrum of the vascular plants. Two variants of Rubo-Empetretum nigri are described. A Geranium erianthum variant occurs on south-facing slopes and is rich in vascular plants species. A Plagiothecium undulatum variant is restricted to northern exposures and is rich in bryophytes and lichens. A Carici-Empetretum nigri (alliance Loiseleurio-Diapension) occurs on shallow soil on wind exposed sites at higher elevations in the mountains. It is very rich in lichen species of arctic-alpine distribution. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggests that altitude, nutrient content of the soil and exposition are the most important differential ecological factors. Soil depth, total carbon and nitrogen content, plant available phosphorus and all other measured cation contents are higher in Rubo-Empetretum than in Carici-Empetretum. Literature comparisons confirm the occurrence of both associations in other areas on the Southwest Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands. Presumably both associations have an amphi-Beringian distribution. The syntaxonomy of boreal-montane dwarf shrub heaths and synecological aspects are briefly discussed. ?? 2004 Gebru??der Borntraeger.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Phytocoenologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1127/0340-269X/2004/0034-0465","issn":"0340269X","usgsCitation":"Daniels, F.J., Talbot, S., Talbot, S.L., and Schofield, W., 2004, Phytosociological study of the dwarf shrub heath of Simeonof Wilderness, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska: Phytocoenologia, v. 34, no. 3, p. 465-489, https://doi.org/10.1127/0340-269X/2004/0034-0465.","startPage":"465","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208306,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269X/2004/0034-0465"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b3fe4b0c8380cd79338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, Fred J.A.","contributorId":70702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schofield, Wilfred B.","contributorId":97827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Wilfred B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026601,"text":"70026601 - 2004 - Analytical error in the identification of fibrous and asbestiform amphiboles: Implications for the analytical and regulatory communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026601","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analytical error in the identification of fibrous and asbestiform amphiboles: Implications for the analytical and regulatory communities","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1431927604882400","issn":"14319276","usgsCitation":"Meeker, G., and Lowers, H., 2004, Analytical error in the identification of fibrous and asbestiform amphiboles: Implications for the analytical and regulatory communities, <i>in</i> Microscopy and Microanalysis, v. 10, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 902-903, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604882400.","startPage":"902","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604882400"},{"id":233988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb68e4b0c8380cd48da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, H.A. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":31843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026459,"text":"70026459 - 2004 - Using an ecoregion framework to analyze land-cover and land-use dynamics.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:55:27","indexId":"70026459","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using an ecoregion framework to analyze land-cover and land-use dynamics.","docAbstract":"The United States has a highly varied landscape because of wide-ranging differences in combinations of climatic, geologic, edaphic, hydrologic, vegetative, and human management (land use) factors. Land uses are dynamic, with the types and rates of change dependent on a host of variables, including land accessibility, economic considerations, and the internal increase and movement of the human population. There is a convergence of evidence that ecoregions are very useful for organizing, interpreting, and reporting information about land-use dynamics. Ecoregion boundaries correspond well with patterns of land cover, urban settlement, agricultural variables, and resource-based industries. We implemented an ecoregion framework to document trends in contemporary land-cover and land-use dynamics over the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000. Examples of results from six eastern ecoregions show that the relative abundance, grain of pattern, and human alteration of land-cover types organize well by ecoregion and that these characteristics of change, themselves, change through time.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-0145-3","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., Loveland, T., Sohl, T.L., and Napton, D., 2004, Using an ecoregion framework to analyze land-cover and land-use dynamics.: Environmental Management, v. 34, p. S89-S110, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0145-3.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"S89","endPage":"S110","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269302,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0145-3"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc033e4b08c986b329fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Napton, D.E.","contributorId":23720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napton","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027041,"text":"70027041 - 2004 - CORRELATOR 5.2 - A program for interactive lithostratigraphic correlation of wireline logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027041","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CORRELATOR 5.2 - A program for interactive lithostratigraphic correlation of wireline logs","docAbstract":"The limited radius of investigation of petrophysical measurements made in boreholes and the relatively large distances between wells result in an incomplete sensing of the subsurface through well logging. CORRELATOR is a program for estimating geological properties between logged boreholes. An initial and fundamental step is the lithostratigraphic correlation of logs in different wells. The method employed by the program closely emulates the process of visual inspection used by experienced subsurface geologists in manual correlation. Mathematically, the determination of lithostratigraphical equivalence is based on the simultaneous assessment of similarity in shale content, similarity in the patterns of vertical variation in a petrophysical property that is measured with high vertical resolution, and spatial consistency of stratigraphic relationships as determined by an expert system. Multiple additional options for processing log readings allow maximization in the extraction of information from pairs of logs per well and great flexibility in the final display of results in the form of cross sections and dip diagrams. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2004.01.006","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., 2004, CORRELATOR 5.2 - A program for interactive lithostratigraphic correlation of wireline logs: Computers & Geosciences, v. 30, no. 6, p. 561-567, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2004.01.006.","startPage":"561","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2004.01.006"},{"id":235329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2e1e4b0c8380cd4b461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027042,"text":"70027042 - 2004 - Earthquake source parameters determined by the SAFOD Pilot Hole seismic array","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70027042","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake source parameters determined by the SAFOD Pilot Hole seismic array","docAbstract":"We estimate the source parameters of #3 microearthquakes by jointly analyzing seismograms recorded by the 32-level, 3-component seismic array installed in the SAFOD Pilot Hole. We applied an inversion procedure to estimate spectral parameters for the omega-square model (spectral level and corner frequency) and Q to displacement amplitude spectra. Because we expect spectral parameters and Q to vary slowly with depth in the well, we impose a smoothness constraint on those parameters as a function of depth using a linear first-differenfee operator. This method correctly resolves corner frequency and Q, which leads to a more accurate estimation of source parameters than can be obtained from single sensors. The stress drop of one example of the SAFOD target repeating earthquake falls in the range of typical tectonic earthquakes. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GL019420","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Imanishi, K., Ellsworth, W., and Prejean, S., 2004, Earthquake source parameters determined by the SAFOD Pilot Hole seismic array: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019420.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019420"},{"id":235365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0504e4b0c8380cd50c00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imanishi, K.","contributorId":51956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imanishi","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, S. G. 0000-0003-0510-1989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":18935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027043,"text":"70027043 - 2004 - Comparison of genetic diversity in the recently founded Connecticut River Atlantic salmon population to that of its primary donor stock, Maine's Penobscot River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70027043","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of genetic diversity in the recently founded Connecticut River Atlantic salmon population to that of its primary donor stock, Maine's Penobscot River","docAbstract":"Anadromous Atlantic salmon returning to the Connecticut River (CR) from 1996 to 1999 were assayed for variability at nine microsatellite DNA loci. Heterozygosity and allele frequencies were compared to the anadromous Atlantic salmon returning to Maine's Penobscot River from 1998 to 2000. The Penobscot River was the primary source of the salmon used to found the previously extirpated population in the Connecticut River. While there were no significant differences in heterozygosity between the source population and the Connecticut River sea-run spawners, microsatellite allele frequencies were significantly different between the populations. Two techniques of estimating effective population size (Ne) suggested a healthy level of genetic variation in the Connecticut River population of anadromous Atlantic salmon. This is significant because the sea-run population is maintained almost entirely through hatchery production. Healthy ratios of Ne to N indicate that hatchery production has not resulted in excessive inbreeding to date. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.017","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Spidle, A., King, T., and Letcher, B., 2004, Comparison of genetic diversity in the recently founded Connecticut River Atlantic salmon population to that of its primary donor stock, Maine's Penobscot River: Aquaculture, v. 236, no. 1-4, p. 253-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.017.","startPage":"253","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.017"},{"id":235366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"236","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f865e4b0c8380cd4d091","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spidle, A.P.","contributorId":93429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spidle","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}