The elevated salinity of the Pecos River throughout much of its length is of paramount concern to water users and water managers. Dissolved-solids concentrations in the Pecos River exceed 3,000 milligrams per liter in many of its reaches in the study area, from Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico, to the confluence of the Pecos River with the Rio Grande, Texas. The salinity of the Pecos River increases downstream and affects the availability of useable water in the Pecos River Basin. In this report, “salinity” and “dissolved-solids concentration” are considered synonymous; both terms are used to refer to the total ionic concentration of dissolved minerals in water. The sources of salinity in the Pecos River Basin are natural (geologic) and anthropogenic, including but not limited to groundwater discharge, springs, and irrigation return flows. Previous studies in the Pecos River Basin were project specific and designed to address salinity issues in specific parts of the basin; therefore, in 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and Texas Water Development Board assessed the major sources of salinity throughout the extent of the basin where elevated salinity in the Pecos River is well documented (that is, in the drainage area of the Pecos River from Santa Rosa Lake to the confluence of the Pecos River and the Rio Grande). The goal was to gain a better understanding of how specific areas might be contributing to the elevated salinity in the Pecos River and how salinity of the Pecos River has changed over time. This assessment includes a literature review and compilation of previously published salinity-related data, which guided the collection of additional water-quality samples and streamflow gain-loss measurements. Differences in water quality of surface-water and groundwater samples, streamflow measurements, and geophysical data were assessed to gain new insights regarding sources of salinity in the Pecos River Basin and a more detailed assessment of potential areas of elevated salinity in the basin. The datasets compiled for this assessment are available in a companion data release.
The literature review identified several potential sources of salinity inputs to the Pecos River in New Mexico and Texas. In New Mexico, sources of salinity inputs included sinkhole springs discharging into El Rito Creek, the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge inflow to the Pecos River, inflow from the Rio Hondo, including the main channel and a restored channel at the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge referred to as the “Rio Hondo spring channel,” the outflow from Lea Lake at Bottomless Lakes State Park, and the Malaga Bend region of the Pecos River. In Texas, sources of salinity inputs included Salt Creek downstream from Red Bluff Reservoir and the area near the Horsehead Crossing ford on the Pecos River.
The compilation of historical water-quality data revealed a lack of consistent sampling of the same constituents at the same sites along the main stem of the Pecos River, which results in data gaps that hinder the ability to effectively analyze long-term changes in water quality that may help with the understanding of how salinity in the Pecos River has changed over time and identifying the sources of salinity in the Pecos River Basin. To help fill these data gaps, water-quality and streamflow data were collected in the study area in February 2015 by the U.S. Geological Survey. Historical water-quality data and newly collected data from February 2015 were evaluated for selected major-ion concentrations, dissolved-solids concentrations, and deuterium, oxygen, and strontium isotopes. Analysis of the data indicated several areas of increasing salinity in the Pecos River. Most notable increases were in two subreaches of the river, between Acme, N. Mex., and Artesia, N. Mex., and between Orla, Tex., and Grandfalls, Tex. Increasing sodium and chloride concentrations from Acme to Artesia coincided with changes in isotopic ratios within the Pecos River Basin. Changes in isotopic ratios in this reach indicate a likely inflow from an isotopically different source of water compared to the water in the main stem of the Pecos River, such as groundwater inflow, inflow from surface-water features distinct from the main stem of the Pecos River, or both. In the subreach between Orla and Grandfalls, an increase in dissolved-solids concentrations was observed along with a shift in isotope values, indicating that neither evaporative processes in Red Bluff Reservoir nor inflow from Salt Creek likely solely influences the salinity of the Pecos River in this subreach. The highest dissolved-solids concentrations in the Pecos River Basin were measured downstream from Grandfalls, where dissolved-solids concentrations are greater than 16,000 milligrams per liter near Iraan, Tex. Changes in isotopic values (deuterium, oxygen, and strontium) indicate mixing of different waters at several areas along the main stem of the Pecos River. The spatial distribution of the areas of interest from the literature review and the water-quality data are available in the companion data release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Houston, N.A., Thomas, J.V., Ging, P.B., Teeple, A.P., Pedraza, D.E., and Wallace, D.S., 2019, Pecos River Basin salinity assessment, Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico, to the confluence of the Pecos River and the Rio Grande, Texas, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5071, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195071.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 75 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"91","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083306","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369530,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DB800T","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water Quality, Streamflow Gain Loss, Geologic, and Geospatial Data Used in the Pecos River Basin Salinity Assessment from Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico to the Confluence of the Pecos River and the Rio Grande, Texas, 1900–2015"},{"id":369528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5071/sir20195071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.72 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5071"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.39257812499999,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -100.1513671875,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -103.5791015625,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -105.0732421875,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -106.787109375,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -102.39257812499999,\n 29.916852233070173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
From 2015 through 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services studied occurrences of high levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria at the Pawtuckaway State Park Beach in Nottingham, New Hampshire. Historic data collected by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services indicated that E. coli concentrations in the water typically increased through the beach season to levels considered potentially harmful to beachgoers. During the three beach seasons that were studied, E. coli samples were collected three to four times per week, and water-quality and meteorological data were collected continuously. The Virtual Beach software was used to generate a predictive model for each year of the study (2015–2017), and the model for each of these years was tested with data from the other two. Additionally, data from all study years were combined to generate a comprehensive model to help identify independent variables that might characterize environmental conditions relative to E. coli levels during multiple seasons. The accuracy of the models in predicting the occurrence of high E. coli levels was marginal, but the models did provide insights into the likely mechanisms for increased E. coli levels during the seasons. Variables most important in explaining high E. coli levels were the presence of geese at the beach, the progression of the season, the number of visitors at the beach, and wind vectors relative to beach orientation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195111","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Coles, J.F., and Bush, K.F., 2019, Evaluating associations between environmental variables and Escherichia coli levels for predictive modeling at Pawtuckaway Beach in Nottingham, New Hampshire, from 2015 to 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5111, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195111.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 28 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101776","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5111/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5cc70bf4e4b09b8c0b77e5b7","text":"USGS data release","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"Data collected at Pawtuckaway Beach in Nottingham, New Hampshire, 2015–2017"},{"id":369409,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5111/sir20195111.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5111"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Nottingham","otherGeospatial":"Pawtuckaway Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.1595630645752,\n 43.08080002811761\n ],\n [\n -71.14797592163086,\n 43.08080002811761\n ],\n [\n -71.14797592163086,\n 43.08650455068649\n ],\n [\n -71.1595630645752,\n 43.08650455068649\n ],\n [\n -71.1595630645752,\n 43.08080002811761\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
As much as 22 inches of rain fell in Oklahoma in May 2019, resulting in historic flooding along the Arkansas River in Oklahoma and Arkansas. The flooding along the Arkansas River and its tributaries that began in May continued into June 2019. Peaks of record were measured at 12 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages on various streams in eastern and northeastern Oklahoma. This report documents the peak streamflows and stages for seven selected streamgages along the Arkansas River in Oklahoma and Arkansas. Most of the flood peaks occurred from May 26 to June 4, 2019. The historic flooding caused homes to fall into the river as a result of bank erosion, forced some towns to be evacuated, and resulted in the highest flood depths in Tulsa, Oklahoma, since 1986. Along the Arkansas River, peak streamflows were recorded at six of the seven selected USGS streamgages, with the seventh streamgage on the Arkansas River having the second highest peak of record at that site since regulation began.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J.M., and Trevisan, A.R., 2019, Peak streamflow and stages at selected streamgages on the Arkansas River in Oklahoma and Arkansas, May to June 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1129, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191129.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112483","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369335,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1129/ofr20191129.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, Texas 78754–4501
Red tree corals (Primnoa pacifica) are abundant in the eastern Gulf of Alaska, from the glacial fjords of Southeast Alaska where they emerge to as shallow as 6 m, to the continental shelf edge and seamounts where they are more commonly found at depths greater than 150 – 500 m. This keystone species forms large thickets, creating habitat for many associated species, including economically valuable fishes and crabs, and so are important benthic suspension feeders in this region. Though the reproductive periodicity of this species was reported in 2014 from a shallow fjord (Tracy Arm), this study examined reproductive ecologies from 8 sites – two within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, three on the continental shelf edge, one within Endicott Arm (Holkham Bay) and two time points from the Tracy Arm (Holkham Bay) study. Male reproductive traits were similar at all sites but there were distinct differences in oogenesis. Though per polyp fecundity mostly showed no significant difference between sites, there was a non-significant trend of increasing number of oocytes with depth. In addition, the average oocyte size from Tracy Arm (the shallowest site) was 105 μm, whereas from Shutter Ridge (one of the deepest sites) the average size was 309 μm. Moreover, the maximum oocyte size at Endicott Arm was 221 μm and at Tracy Arm was 802 μm (both shallow sites), whereas at Dixon Entrance (a deep site) it was 2120 μm, a difference not usually observed within a single species. We propose two theories to explain the observed differences, (a) this species shows great phenotypic plasticity in reproductive ecology, adjusting to different environmental variables based on energetic need and potentially demonstrating micro-evolution; or (b) the fjord sites are at a reproductive dead end, with the stress of shallow-water conditions effectively preventing gametogenesis reaching full potential and likely limiting successful reproductive events from occurring, at least on a regular basis.
Large-scale assessments of rangeland runoff and erosion require methods to extend plot-scale parameterizations to large areas. In this study, Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) parameters were developed from plot-scale foliar and ground-cover transect data for an arid, grass-shrub rangeland in southern New Mexico, and a method was assessed to upscale transect-plot parameters to a large landscape. The transect-plot data compared favorably to corresponding cell data generated from publicly available geospatial data for total foliar cover but less favorably for litter cover and poorly for rock cover. The RHEM effective hydraulic conductivity (Ke) parameter was comparable between transect-plot and geospatial-cell methods, but the splash and sheet erosion factor (Kss) had poor agreement between the two methods. Simulated runoff and erosion reflected differences in transect-plot and geospatial-cell-based RHEM parameterizations, with low error and very good agreement for runoff but high error and poor agreement for soil loss. These results demonstrate that Ke parameters developed using geospatial data calibrated to plot data can be extrapolated to large spatial areas and provide reasonable simulation of runoff using RHEM. However, these same geospatial methods do not provide reasonable estimation of Kss or simulation of soil loss. Poor representation of litter and rock cover variables, which are highly spatially heterogeneous at the plot scale, was inadequate to accurately represent Kss or soil loss using RHEM. High resolution ground cover data, such as from unmanned aerial systems, may improve parameterization of Kss, and, ultimately, arid rangeland soil erosion simulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/aea.13275","usgsCitation":"Ball, G., and Douglas-Mankin, K., 2019, Geospatial scaling of runoff and erosion modeling in the Chihuahuan Desert: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 5, no. 35, p. 733-743, https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.13275.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"743","ipdsId":"IP-104120","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.732421875,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -105.13916015625,\n 33.60546961227188\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -105.75439453125,\n 32.491230287947594\n ],\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -107.1826171875,\n 33.970697997361626\n ],\n [\n -107.698974609375,\n 32.80574473290688\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 33.19273094190692\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 31.325486676506983\n ],\n [\n -108.226318359375,\n 31.325486676506983\n ],\n [\n -108.204345703125,\n 31.774877618507386\n ],\n [\n -106.578369140625,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -106.644287109375,\n 31.970803930433096\n ],\n [\n -103.11767578124999,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -103.084716796875,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -105.732421875,\n 34.88593094075317\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Grady 0000-0003-3030-055X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-055X","contributorId":220746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Grady","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas-Mankin, Kyle R. 0000-0002-3155-3666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-3666","contributorId":200849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas-Mankin","given":"Kyle R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206053,"text":"sim3444 - 2019 - Potentiometric surface of groundwater-level altitudes near the planned Highway 270 bypass, east of Hot Springs, Arkansas, July–August 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-19T17:19:14","indexId":"sim3444","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-19T13:49:10","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3444","displayTitle":"Potentiometric Surface of Groundwater-Level Altitudes Near the Planned Highway 270 Bypass, East of Hot Springs, Arkansas, July–August 2017","title":"Potentiometric surface of groundwater-level altitudes near the planned Highway 270 bypass, east of Hot Springs, Arkansas, July–August 2017","docAbstract":"The Ouachita Mountains aquifer system potentiometric-surface map is one component of the Hot Springs Bypass Groundwater Monitoring Project. The potentiometric-surface map provides a baseline assessment of shallow groundwater levels and flow directions before the construction of the Arkansas Department of Transportation planned extension of the Highway 270 bypass, east of Hot Springs, Arkansas. The map provides data regarding status of groundwater levels and potential effects on the recharge area in the Hot Springs National Park and to groundwater that supplies water to domestic users near the Highway 270 bypass.
Groundwater levels from 66 wells were measured in July–August 2017. Fifty nine of the 66 groundwater-level altitudes measured, along with select surface-water features and springs, were used to construct the Ouachita Mountains aquifer system potentiometric-surface map. The potentiometric surface, a two-dimensional representation, shows groundwater-level altitudes ranging from a maximum of 766 ft above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) to a minimum of 443 ft NAVD 88. The spring altitudes on the potentiometric-surface map range from 534 ft to 927 ft above NAVD 88. The study area, located in the Ouachita Mountains physiographic section of the Ouachita physiographic province, comprises narrow valleys and high ridges of Stanley Shale, Hot Springs Sandstone, Arkansas Novaculite, Missouri Mountain-Polk Creek Shale, and Bigfork Chert. The highest groundwater-level altitudes observed were in the Hot Springs Sandstone, Arkansas Novaculite, and Missouri Mountain-Polk Creek Shale. The springs discharge in outcrop areas of the Stanley Shale, Bigfork Chert, and Arkansas novaculite. The planned Highway 270 bypass will cut across ridges and valleys comprising these formations and, very importantly, across areas with elevations above 660 ft above NAVD 88 that define the hot springs recharge zone.
This potentiometric-surface map defines the status of the shallow groundwater potentiometric surface near the Highway 270 bypass prior to initiation of construction activities. A post-construction potentiometric map is planned. It must be noted that shallow groundwater levels are also subject to climatic effects including changes in amount and timing of precipitation and changes in temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3444","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Transportation and the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Nottmeier, A.M., and Hays, P.D., 2019, Potentiometric surface of groundwater-level altitudes near the planned Highway 270 bypass, east of Hot Springs, Arkansas, July–August 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3444, 13 p., 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3444.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: v, 13 p.; Sheet: 22 x 28 inches; Data Release","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092242","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369331,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TD9WK0","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Datasets of the Potentiometric Surface of Groundwater-Level Altitudes Near the Planned Highway 270 Bypass, East of Hot Springs, Arkansas, July–August 2017"},{"id":369328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3444/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369329,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3444/sim3444.pdf","text":"Sheet ","size":"2.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3444 ","linkHelpText":"– Potentiometric-surface map for the Ouachita Mountains aquifer, July–August 2017"},{"id":369330,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3444/sim3444_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"3.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3444 Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Garland County","city":"Hot Springs","otherGeospatial":"Highway 270 Bypass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.01935195922852,\n 34.50542493789137\n ],\n [\n -92.94931411743164,\n 34.50542493789137\n ],\n [\n -92.94931411743164,\n 34.5710371883746\n ],\n [\n -93.01935195922852,\n 34.5710371883746\n ],\n [\n -93.01935195922852,\n 34.50542493789137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
This field guide explores volcanic effusions, sediments, and landforms at Mount St. Helens in Washington. A detailed synopsis outlines the eruptive history of Mount St. Helens from about 300,000 years ago through 1980 and beyond.
The five days in the field include about 28 stops and 12 potential stops. Exposures in valleys surrounding Mount St. Helens reveal records of diverse Pleistocene and Holocene processes including debris avalanche, lahar, huge water wave on a nearby lake, pyroclastic density currents (surge and flow), tephra fall, lava flow, the growth of domes, and Pleistocene glaciation. Many of the stops explore effects of the several catastrophes that constituted the 18 May 1980 eruption and made Mount St. Helens famous.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175022E","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R.B., Major, J.J., Hoblitt, R.P., Van Eaton, A.R., and Clynne, M.A., 2019, Field trip guide to Mount St. Helens, Washington—Recent and ancient volcaniclastic processes and deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–E, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022E.","productDescription":"xii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076026","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/e/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369262,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/e/sir20175022E.pdf","text":"Report","size":"53.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5022–E"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.38494873046875,\n 46.12274903582433\n ],\n [\n -122.01141357421875,\n 46.12274903582433\n ],\n [\n -122.01141357421875,\n 46.3886223381617\n ],\n [\n -122.38494873046875,\n 46.3886223381617\n ],\n [\n -122.38494873046875,\n 46.12274903582433\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Identifying sources of sediment to streams in the Sprague River Basin, in south-central Oregon, is important for restoration efforts that are focused on reducing sediment erosion and transport. Reducing sediment loads in these streams also contributes to compliance with the total maximum daily load reduction requirements for total phosphorus in this basin. In the Sprague River Basin, phosphorus occurs in surface waters in both dissolved phase and particulate phase, and particulate phosphorus is readily transported in streams on fine-grained suspended sediments, which eventually deposit in Upper Klamath Lake. The lake has seasonal blooms of cyanobacteria that require phosphorus for growth and degrade water-quality conditions, violating State water-quality standards and creating conditions that are stressful to two endangered suckers that reside in the lake. Identifying sources of sediment to the Sprague River could help inform restoration actions by determining the principal locations in the basin contributing fine sediment to the river. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, conducted a proof-of-concept study to determine if sediment fingerprinting can differentiate sources of bank erosion by source material, basin, river reach, and soil horizon. The sediment fingerprinting approach uses properties of streambank and streambed sediment to differentiate between multiple sediment sources by determining a composite signature, or fingerprint. The composite fingerprint is established by combining fingerprint properties from laboratory results of elemental analysis, stable isotopes, and total carbon and nitrogen. The methods for differentiating sediment samples for this study include grouping bank and bed samples by basin, river reach, and soil horizon, and using non-parametric statistics to determine which fingerprint properties could be used to differentiate the sample groups. Results indicate that fingerprint properties differentiated source material, river reach, and basin, and were more successful at differentiating samples grouped by geographic location (basin and reach) compared to source material. Source material (banks, bed, levees) were differentiated with three fingerprint properties—Antimony (Sb), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). The basin category (South Fork and main-stem Sprague River) differentiated the South Fork and main stem with stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and vanadium (V). Specific river reaches within the study area were differentiated with 11 different fingerprint properties. These results can be used for apportionment studies using suspended sediment samples and mixing models to determine sediment source contributions within the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schenk, L.N., Harden, T.M., and Kelson, J.K., 2019, Differentiating sediment sources using sediment fingerprinting techniques, in the Sprague River Basin, south-central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1120, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191120.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; 2 Tables; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106755","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369299,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1120/ofr20191120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1120"},{"id":369302,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1120/ofr20191120_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1 –","size":"41 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2019-1120 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":" Analytical Results and Site Characteristics"},{"id":369298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1120/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369300,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1120/ofr20191120_table03.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"21 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2019-1120 Table 3"},{"id":369301,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1120/ofr20191120_table05.xlsx","text":"Table 5","size":"28 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2019-1120 Table 5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Sprague River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 41.95949009892467\n ],\n [\n -119.21264648437499,\n 41.95949009892467\n ],\n [\n -119.21264648437499,\n 44.04811573082351\n ],\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 44.04811573082351\n ],\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 41.95949009892467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) monitors volcanic and hydrothermal activity associated with the Yellowstone magmatic system, conducts research into magmatic processes occurring beneath Yellowstone Caldera, and issues timely warnings and guidance related to potential future geologic hazards. This report summarizes the activities and findings of YVO during the year 2017, focusing on the Yellowstone magmatic system. The most noteworthy event of the year was the Maple Creek earthquake swarm of June–September, about 15 kilometers north-northwest of West Yellowstone, Montana. Over 2,400 earthquakes were located, including a felt magnitude 4.4 earthquake on June 15. Deformation was mostly consistent throughout the year, with uplift of the Norris Geyser Basin area and subsidence of the caldera, both at rates of a few centimeters per year. The only significant interruption in this pattern was an ~2-week period of subsidence at Norris Geyser Basin in early December, after which deformation returned to uplift. Field work in 2017, conducted under research permits granted by the National Park Service, included routine maintenance visits to seismic and geodetic stations as well as deployment of a semipermanent Global Positioning System network during the summer months, installation of Multi-GAS and eddy covariance systems for tracking gas emissions at the Solfatara Plateau thermal area, deployment of a nodal seismic array in Upper Geyser Basin, and collection of gas and water samples from Boundary Creek on the western side of Yellowstone National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1456","usgsCitation":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 2019, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2017 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1456, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1456.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103262","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1456/cir1456.pdf","text":"Report","size":"67.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1456"},{"id":369305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1456/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -109.4293212890625,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -109.4293212890625,\n 45.0502402697946\n ],\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 45.0502402697946\n ],\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 43.8503744993026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683
Email: yvowebteam@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"The precise estimation of process effects in hydrological models requires applying models to large scales with extensive spatial variability in controlling factors. Despite progress in large‐scale applications of hydrological models in conterminous United States (CONUS) river basins, spatial constraints in model parameters have prevented the interbasin sharing of data, complicating quantification of process effects and limiting the accuracy of model predictions and uncertainties. Hierarchical Bayesian methods enable data sharing between basins and the identification of the causes of model uncertainties, which can improve model accuracy and interpretability; however, computational inefficiencies have been an obstacle to their large‐scale application. We used a new generation of Bayesian methods to develop a hierarchical version of a previous hybrid (statistical‐mechanistic) SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes model of long‐term mean annual streamflow in the CONUS. We identified hierarchical (regional) variations in model coefficients and uncertainties and evaluated their effects on model accuracy and interpretability across diverse environments in 16 major CONUS regions. Hierarchical coefficients significantly improved spatial accuracy of model predictions, with the largest improvements in humid eastern regions, where uncertainties were approximately one third of those in arid western regions. Half of the coefficients varied regionally, with the largest variations in coefficients associated with water losses in streams and reservoirs. Our unraveling of the causes of model uncertainties identified a small latent process component of runoff that varies inversely with river size in most CONUS regions. Our study advances the use of hierarchical Bayesian methods to improve the predictive capabilities of hydrological models.
The Coeur d’Alene mining district in northern Idaho historically was a globally important source of lead, zinc, and silver, but over 100 years of mining has left a legacy of metals contamination in the Coeur d’Alene River valley. Previous studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and others have indicated that groundwater discharging into the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River between Kellogg and Smelterville, Idaho, is a substantial source of dissolved zinc, dissolved cadmium, and total phosphorus. As part of its ongoing cleanup efforts, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is constructing a groundwater collection and treatment system to intercept and treat this contaminated water before it reaches the river.
To establish conditions prior to construction, the USGS conducted a seepage study in September 2017 to quantify the rate and quality of groundwater discharging into the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River between Kellogg and Smelterville. Repeated measurements of streamflow were taken at multiple locations in the river and tributaries, and water-quality samples were collected and analyzed for trace metals and nutrients. Results showed consistent increases in streamflow (5.8 ± 1.3 cubic feet per second); and in dissolved zinc (85 ± 9.3 kilograms per day [kg/d]), dissolved cadmium (0.58 ± 0.10 kg/d) and total phosphorus (6.3 ± 0.45 kg/d) loads in a discrete segment of the reach. These gains exceeded tributary inputs, thereby implicating groundwater discharge as the main source of loading. Zinc and cadmium loads from groundwater in 2017 were less than those measured in 1999 but comparable to those measured from 2003 to 2008. This suggests that remedial actions in the late 1990s and early 2000s decreased trace-metal loading from 1999 to 2003, but that conditions remained similar from 2003 to 2017. A second seepage study will be conducted after construction and treatment plant system optimization are complete; this second study will evaluate changes in groundwater discharge to and water quality in the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River compared to the pre-construction conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Zinsser, L.M., 2019, Trace metal and nutrient loads from groundwater seepage into the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River near Smelterville, northern Idaho, 2017 (ver. 1.1, April 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5113, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195113.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101400","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500444,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109356.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5113/sir20195113_RevisionHistory.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2019-5113 Revision History"},{"id":369260,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5113/sir20195113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5113"},{"id":369259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5113/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.9769287109375,\n 47.297859249409825\n ],\n [\n -116.14196777343749,\n 47.297859249409825\n ],\n [\n -116.14196777343749,\n 47.883197023516125\n ],\n [\n -116.9769287109375,\n 47.883197023516125\n ],\n [\n -116.9769287109375,\n 47.297859249409825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0; November 2019; Version 1.1: April 2023","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702–4520
The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) requested analysis of juvenile Chinook salmon survival in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (henceforth identified as “the Delta”) as part of an effects analysis that will be included in an Incidental Take Permit (ITP) Application. This application is in compliance with the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) and Environmental Impact Report (EIR), which is itself in compliance with California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). DWR is seeking an ITP and preparing CEQA compliance documentation for long-term operation of the State Water Project (SWP). DWR requested assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey to aid in determining the effect of two proposed projects on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations migrating through the Delta. Therefore, in this report we analyzed an 82-year time series of simulated river flows and Delta Cross Channel (DCC) gate operations under three scenarios constructed for the ITP: the proposed project (PP), the second proposed project (PP2b) and the existing (EX) scenarios.
To evaluate the proposed projects (PP and PP2b), we used the STARS model (Survival, Travel time, And Routing Simulation model), a stochastic, individual-based simulation model designed to predict survival of a cohort of fish that experience variable daily river flows during migration through the Delta. The STARS model uses parameter estimates from a Bayesian mark-recapture model that jointly estimates travel time and survival in eight discrete reaches of the Delta and migration routing at two key river junctions.
By applying the STARS model to the three 82-year scenarios, we found that both proposed projects had negative effects on survival, travel time, and routing in November but slightly positive effects in October, December, and May, and in June for only the PP. In November, there was a high probability that survival for PP and PP2b were less than EX and that travel time and routing to the Interior Delta for PP and PP2b were greater than for EX. We found that the magnitude of the difference in survival between scenarios was large in some years. For example, survival under both the PP and PP2b scenarios were 10 percent lower than EX in 25 percent of the water years in November. During this period, inflow to the Delta tended to be lower under the PP and PP2b scenarios, and the DCC gate was open more frequently under the PP and PP2b scenarios relative to the EX scenario. Lower inflow reduces survival, and more frequent operation of the DCC gate 1) increases the proportion of fish entering the Interior Delta, where survival is low, and thus 2) reduces survival in the Sacramento River in reaches downstream of the DCC. In contrast, during October, December, May (both PP and PP2b), and June (PP only), survival was slightly higher, travel times were lower, and routing to the Interior Delta was lower under the PP and PP2b relative to the EX scenario in the same time period, although the magnitude of the increase was relatively small in most years (less than two percent). This difference between scenarios was driven by higher river flows in some years under the PP and PP2b relative to the EX scenario. Overall, the differences in survival, travel time, and routing distance between the three operational scenarios were primarily driven by the timing and magnitude of the annual high river flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Hansen, A.C., Evans, S.D., and Kock, T.J., 2019, Using the STARS Model to evaluate the effects of two proposed projects for the long-term operation of State Water Project Incidental Take Permit Application and CEQA compliance (ver. 2.0, February 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1127, 39 p. plus appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191127.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 31 p.; Appendixes 1-8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112215","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372670,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127_Appendix7.pdf","text":"Appendix 7","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127 Appendix 7","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Routing by Year, Existing Conditions Compared to Proposed Project 2b Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":369242,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127_Appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Travel Time by Year, Existing Conditions Compared to Proposed Project Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":372669,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127_Appendix6.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127 Appendix 6","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Travel Time by Year, Existing Conditions Compared to Proposed Project 2b Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":372668,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127_Appendix5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127 Appendix 5","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Survival by Year, Existing Conditions Compared to Proposed Project 2b Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":369244,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127_Appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127 Appendix 4","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Proportion of Fish Entering the Interior Delta by Year, Existing Conditions Compared to Proposed Project Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":369243,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127_Appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127 Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Routing by Year, Existing Conditions Compared to Proposed Project Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":369239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":369240,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127"},{"id":369241,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127_Appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Survival by Year, Existing Conditions Compared to Proposed Project Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":372672,"rank":11,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/versionHist.txt","size":"8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":372671,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1127/ofr20191127_Appendix8.pdf","text":"Appendix 8","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1127 Appendix 8","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Proportion of Fish Entering the Interior Delta by Year, Existing Conditions Compared to Proposed Project 2b Scenarios, 1922–2003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9150390625,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -122.9150390625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -122.9150390625,\n 38.46219172306828\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: November 2019; Version 2.0: February 2020","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115–5016
The goal of this multiyear study was to examine how changes to an upstream fishway entrance impacted the passage rate of adult American shad (Alosa sapidissima). We evaluated a total of nine treatment conditions that consisted of three fishway entrance gate types and three submergence depths (i.e., the water surface elevation of the tailwater relative to the height of the gate crest). Approximately 2,000 wild, actively migrating shad participated in one of the 64 total trials (6–8 trials per treatment) that were conducted for this experiment. The three fishway entrance gate types were the vertical gate (the most common entrance gate type used in fishways), the overshot gate (less common in fishways), and the reversed overshot gate (novel to fishways). The submergence depths ranged from 30.5 to 91.4 cm above the gate crest. Increases to the submergence depth were shown to be the most influential predictor variable of passage time, followed by gate type and river temperature. The reversed overshot and overshot gates outperformed the vertical gate with the best performance occurring for the newly introduced reversed overshot gate type. The results of this study provide guidance on methods to improve fishway attraction and entry rates to numerous state and federal resource agencies and the hydropower industry.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2018WR024400","usgsCitation":"Mulligan, K., Haro, A.J., Towler, B., Sojkowski, B., and Noreika, J., 2019, Fishway entrance gate experiments with adult American Shad: Water Resources Research, v. 55, no. 12, p. 10839-10855, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024400.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"10839","endPage":"10855","ipdsId":"IP-095295","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulligan, Kevin 0000-0002-3534-4239 kmulligan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-4239","contributorId":177024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulligan","given":"Kevin","email":"kmulligan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Alexander J. 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":2917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":778133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Towler, Brett","contributorId":141164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towler","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sojkowski, Bryan","contributorId":221424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sojkowski","given":"Bryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40373,"text":"United States Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noreika, John 0000-0002-6637-5812 jnoreika@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-5812","contributorId":221425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"John","email":"jnoreika@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207154,"text":"70207154 - 2019 - Review of and recommendations for monitoring contaminants and their effects in the San Francisco Bay−Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-09T20:13:40","indexId":"70207154","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-15T15:46:17","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of and recommendations for monitoring contaminants and their effects in the San Francisco Bay−Delta","docAbstract":"Legacy and current-use contaminants enter into and accumulate throughout the San Francisco Bay−Delta (Bay−Delta), and are present at concentrations with known effects on species important to this diverse watershed. There remains major uncertainty and a lack of focused research able to address and provide understanding of effects across multiple biological scales, despite previous and ongoing emphasis on the need for it. These needs are challenging specifically because of the established regulatory programs that often monitor on a chemical-\nby-chemical basis, or in which decisions are grounded in lethality-based endpoints. To best address issues of contaminants in the Bay−Delta, monitoring efforts should consider effects of environmentally relevant mixtures and sub- lethal impacts that can affect ecosystem health. These efforts need to consider the complex environment in the Bay−Delta including variable abiotic (e.g., temperature, salinity) and biotic (e.g., pathogens) factors. This calls for controlled and focused research, and the development of a multi-disciplinary contaminant monitoring and assessment program that provides information across biological scales. Information gained in this manner will contribute toward evaluating parameters that could alleviate ecologically detrimental outcomes. This review is a result of a Special Symposium convened at the University of California−Davis (UCD) on January 31, 2017 to address critical information needed on how contaminants affect the Bay−Delta. The UCD Symposium focused on new tools and approaches for assessing multiple stressor effects to freshwater and estuarine systems. Our approach is similar to the recently proposed framework laid out by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) that uses weight of evidence to scale toxicological responses to chemical contaminants in a laboratory, and to guide the conservation of priority species and habitats. As such, we also aimed to recommend multiple endpoints that could be used to promote a multi-disciplinary understanding of contaminant risks in Bay−Delta while supporting management needs.","language":"English","publisher":"University of California-Davis","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2019v17iss4art2","usgsCitation":"Connon, R., Hasenbein, S., Brander, S.M., Poynton, H.C., Holland, E.B., Schlenk, D., Orlando, J., Hladik, M.L., Collier, T.K., Scholz, N.L., Incardona, J., Denslow, N.D., Hamdoun, A., Nicklisch, S., Garcia-Reyero, N., Perkins, E.J., Gallagher, E.P., Deng, X., Wang, D., Fong, S., Breuer, R.S., Hajibabei, M., Brown, J.B., Colbourne, J.K., Young, T.M., Cherr, G., Whitehead, A., and Todgham, A.E., 2019, Review of and recommendations for monitoring contaminants and their effects in the San Francisco Bay−Delta: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 17, no. 4, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2019v17iss4art2.","productDescription":"42 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States","docAbstract":"Floodplain inundation poses both risks and benefits to society. In this study, we characterize floodplain inundation across the United States using 5800 stream gages. We find that between 4% and 12.6% of a river’s annual flow moves through its floodplains. Flood duration and magnitude is greater in large rivers, whereas the frequency of events is greater in small streams. However, the relative exchange of floodwater between the channel and floodplain is similar across small streams and large rivers, with the exception of the water-limited arid river basins. When summed up across the entire river network, 90% of that exchange occurs in small streams on an annual basis. Our detailed characterization of inundation hydrology provides a unique perspective that the regulatory, management, and research communities can use to help balance both the risks and benefits associated with flooding.