{"pageNumber":"2711","pageRowStart":"67750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70027025,"text":"70027025 - 2004 - Scale effects on headwater catchment runoff timing, flow sources, and groundwater‐streamflow relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:03:15","indexId":"70027025","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale effects on headwater catchment runoff timing, flow sources, and groundwater‐streamflow relations","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of catchment size and landscape organization on runoff generation are poorly understood. Little research has integrated hillslope and riparian runoff investigation across catchments of different sizes to decipher first‐order controls on runoff generation. We investigated the role of catchment sizes on riparian and hillslope dynamics based on hydrometric and tracer data observed at five scales ranging from trenched hillslope sections (55–285 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) to a 280‐ha catchment at Maimai on the west coast of the South Island, New Zealand. The highly organized landscape is comprised of similar headwater catchments, regular geology, steep highly dissected topography, relatively consistent soil depths, and topographically controlled shallow through flow. We found a strong correlation between riparian zone groundwater levels and runoff for the headwaters, whereas the water tables in the valley bottom of the larger catchments were uncorrelated to runoff for 14 months of record. While there was no clear relationship between catchment size and new water contribution to runoff in the two storms analyzed in detail, lag times of tracer responses increased systematically with catchment size. The combination of hydrometric and tracer data allowed assessment of the runoff contributions from different parts of the landscape. Runoff was generated consistently in headwater riparian zones. This agreed also with the observed variations of tracer (</span><sup>18</sup><span>O and silica) responses for the different catchments. During wetter antecedent conditions or during larger events (&gt;30 mm under dry antecedent conditions) hillslope and valley bottom floodplains did contribute to event runoff directly. We propose that analysis of landscape‐scale organization and the distribution of dominant landscape features provide a structure for investigation of runoff production and solute transport, especially as catchment‐scale increases from headwaters to the mesoscale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002494","usgsCitation":"McGlynn, B.L., McDonnell, J.J., Seibert, J., and Kendall, C., 2004, Scale effects on headwater catchment runoff timing, flow sources, and groundwater‐streamflow relations: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 7, Article W07504; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002494.","productDescription":"Article W07504; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002494","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b870ae4b08c986b316288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGlynn, Brian L.","contributorId":83012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seibert, Jan","contributorId":176322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seibert","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026916,"text":"70026916 - 2004 - Assessing rarity of species with low detectability: Lichens in Pacific Northwest forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T16:55:04.870702","indexId":"70026916","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing rarity of species with low detectability: Lichens in Pacific Northwest forests","docAbstract":"We show how simple statistical analyses of systematically collected inventory data can be used to provide reliable information about the distribution and habitat associations of rare species. Using an existing design-based sampling grid on which epiphytic macrolichens had been inventoried in the Northwest Forest Plan area of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, we (1) estimate frequencies and standard errors for each of 25 lichen species having special management designation (i.e., Survey and Manage), (2) assess the probability that individual species were associated with specific land allocation and forest stand age classifications, and (3) provide estimates of sample sizes necessary to ensure sufficient detections for these analyses. We conclude with a discussion of management and conservation information needs that extant data can satisfy and identify advantages and limitations of random vs. nonrandom sampling strategies. Combining design-assisted and model-assisted approaches can overcome some of the limitations of either single strategy.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/02-5236","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T., Cutler, D., Geiser, L., Alegria, J., and McKenzie, D., 2004, Assessing rarity of species with low detectability: Lichens in Pacific Northwest forests: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 2, p. 414-424, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5236.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.62890625,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.365234375,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              42.61779143282346\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.71679687499999,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.365234375,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04687499999999,\n              37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08007812499999,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.201171875,\n              44.08758502824516\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.9375,\n              49.095452162534826\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              49.095452162534826\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.62890625,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddee4b0c8380cd49a76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cutler, D.R.","contributorId":89684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geiser, L.","contributorId":23498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiser","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alegria, J.","contributorId":97683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alegria","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027077,"text":"70027077 - 2004 - Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T19:00:24","indexId":"70027077","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor","docAbstract":"<p>New Mexico's population is concentrated along the corridor that extends from Belen in the south to Espa&ntilde;ola in the north and includes Albuquerque and Santa Fe. The Rio Grande rift, which encompasses the corridor, is a major tectonically, volcanically, and seismically active continental rift in the western U.S. Although only one large earthquake (moment magnitude (M) &ge; 6) has possibly occurred in the New Mexico portion of the rift since 1849, paleoseismic data indicate that prehistoric surface-faulting earthquakes of M 6.5 and greater have occurred on aver- age every 400 yrs on many faults throughout the Rio Grande rift.</p>\n<p>We have developed a series of nine scenario and probabilistic hazard maps that portray the ground shaking that could occur in the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe corridor from future earthquakes in New Mexico. These maps, at a scale of 1:500,000, display color-contoured ground-motion values in terms of the parameters of peak horizontal acceleration and horizontal spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 second (sec) periods. The maps depict surficial ground shaking and incorporate the site-response effects at locations underlain by unconsolidated sediments. The scenario maps are for a M 7.0 earthquake rupturing the Sandia-Rincon faults, which are adjacent to and dip west beneath Albuquerque. The probabilistic maps are for the two annual exceedance probabilities of building code relevance, 10% and 2% exceedance probabilities in 50 yrs (corresponding to return periods of 500 and 2,500 yrs, respectively).</p>\n<p>We included 57 Quaternary faults, all located within the Rio Grande rift, in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. These faults were characterized in terms of their geometry, rupture behavior (including possible segmentation), maximum expected earthquake magnitude, recurrence model, probability of activity, and slip rate. Preferred maximum magnitude values for these faults ranged from M 6.1 to 7.4 and preferred slip rates from 0.01 to approximately 0.12 mm/yr. Regional source zones and Gaussian smoothing of the historical seismicity were also included in the probabilistic hazard analysis to account for the hazard from background earthquakes (M &le; 6.5).</p>\n<p>A numerical ground-motion modeling approach and empirical attenuation relation- ships appropriate for extensional tectonic regimes were used to compute the scenario earthquake and probabilistic ground motions on rock. Amplification factors were then used to modify the rock motions and hence to incorporate site response into the hazard maps. These factors were based on three generalized geologic site-response categories (hard rock, soft rock, and firm/stiff soil) and were adopted from similar California-based categories because insufficient subsurface geologic and geotechnical data are available for the map area.</p>\n<p>The resulting hazard maps indicate that from both scenario and probabilistic perspectives, the ground-shaking hazard in the Albuquerque&ndash;Belen&ndash;Santa Fe corridor from future earthquakes could be severe, damaging, and potentially disastrous. In the event of a M 7.0 earthquake occurring on the Sandia&ndash;Rincon faults, ground shaking as characterized by peak ground acceleration could reach 0.7 g in much of the eastern half of the Albuquerque metropolitan area. (1 g = 980 cm/sec, the rate of gravitational acceleration.) These high ground motions will be attributable to the city&rsquo;s location directly over the Sandia&ndash;Rincon faults and the amplifying effect of the unconsolidated sediments within the Albuquerque Basin. These levels of ground shaking will probably result in severe damage to traditional adobe construction and even to modern buildings. Long- period ground motions (&gt; 1.0 sec), which are significant to long and tall structures (e.g., tall buildings, long bridges, and highway overpasses), will also be high (&gt; 1.0 g). Injuries and loss of life will be likely.</p>\n<p>For the 500- and 2,500-yr return period maps, the highest peak accelerations are predicted to be at the damaging levels of 0.3 g and 0.6 g, respectively. All maps show dramatically the frequency-dependent amplification of unconsolidated sediments in the basins along the Rio Grande valley (e.g., Albuquerque Basin). The pattern of amplification and deamplification is clearly a function of the distribution of unconsolidated sediments.</p>\n<p>These maps are not intended to be a substitute for site-specific studies for engineering design nor to replace standard maps commonly referenced in building codes. Rather, we hope that these maps will be used as a guide by government agencies; the engineering, urban planning, emergency preparedness, and response communities; and the general public as part of an overall program to reduce earthquake risk and losses in New Mexico.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources","issn":"0196948X","usgsCitation":"Wong, I., Olig, S., Dober, M., Silva, W., Wright, D., Thomas, P., Gregor, N., Sanford, A., Lin, K., and Love, D., 2004, Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor: New Mexico Geology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 3-33.","productDescription":"31","startPage":"3","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/nmg/backissues/home.cfml?SpecificYear=&FromYear=&ToYear=&Volume=26&Number=1&title=&author=&keywords=&NMcounty=ANY&Submit=Search"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              36.56260003738548\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.11767578124999,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.63330078125,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.63330078125,\n              31.89621446335144\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              31.82156451492074\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.21533203125,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.25927734375,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              31.3348710339506\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0502e4b0c8380cd50bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, I.","contributorId":20508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olig, S.","contributorId":80055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olig","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dober, M.","contributorId":44721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dober","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, W.","contributorId":52693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, D.","contributorId":6158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gregor, N.","contributorId":27242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregor","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanford, A.","contributorId":40361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lin, K.-W.","contributorId":64775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"K.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Love, D.","contributorId":15809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70026553,"text":"70026553 - 2004 - A GIS analysis of suitability for construction aggregate recycling sites using regional transportation network and population density features","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026553","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3267,"text":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A GIS analysis of suitability for construction aggregate recycling sites using regional transportation network and population density features","docAbstract":"Aggregate is used in road and building construction to provide bulk, strength, support, and wear resistance. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and reclaimed Portland cement concrete (RPCC) are abundant and available sources of recycled aggregate. In this paper, current aggregate production operations in Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia are used to develop spatial association models for the recycled aggregate industry with regional transportation network and population density features. The cost of construction aggregate to the end user is strongly influenced by the cost of transporting processed aggregate from the production site to the construction site. More than 60% of operations recycling aggregate in the mid-Atlantic study area are located within 4.8 km (3 miles) of an interstate highway. Transportation corridors provide both sites of likely road construction where aggregate is used and an efficient means to move both materials and on-site processing equipment back and forth from various work sites to the recycling operations. Urban and developing areas provide a high market demand for aggregate and a ready source of construction debris that may be processed into recycled aggregate. Most aggregate recycling operators in the study area are sited in counties with population densities exceeding 77 people/km2 (200 people/mile 2). No aggregate recycling operations are sited in counties with less than 19 people/km2 (50 people/mile2), reflecting the lack of sufficient long-term sources of construction debris to be used as an aggregate source, as well as the lack of a sufficient market demand for aggregate in most rural areas to locate a recycling operation there or justify the required investment in the equipment to process and produce recycled aggregate. Weights of evidence analyses (WofE), measuring correlation on an area-normalized basis, and weighted logistic regression (WLR), are used to model the distribution of RAP and RPCC operations relative to transportation network and population distribution data. The models can be used on a regional scale to quickly map the relative site suitability for a RAP or RPCC aggregate recycling operation in a particular area based on transportation network and population parameters. The results can be used to identify general areas to be further evaluated on a site-specific basis using more detailed marketplace information. As transportation or population features change due to planning or actual development, the models can be easily revised to reflect these changes. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.009","issn":"09213449","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., and Kapo, K., 2004, A GIS analysis of suitability for construction aggregate recycling sites using regional transportation network and population density features: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, v. 42, no. 4, p. 351-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.009.","startPage":"351","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.009"},{"id":234416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2dde4b0c8380cd45cc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapo, K. E.","contributorId":24835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapo","given":"K. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027069,"text":"70027069 - 2004 - The influence of Dworshak Dam on epilithic community metabolism in the Clearwater River, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T10:48:28","indexId":"70027069","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of Dworshak Dam on epilithic community metabolism in the Clearwater River, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Epilithic community metabolism was determined on a seasonal basis over two years in nonregulated and regulated reaches of the Clearwater River in northern Idaho, U.S.A. Metabolism was estimated using three, 12-liter recirculating chambers and the dissolved oxygen method, with parameters expressed as g O</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>&nbsp;d</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>. In the nonregulated reach above the reservoir, gross community productivity (GCP) ranged from 0.8 to 3.2, community respiration (CR</span><span>24</span><span>) from 0.3 to 1.2, and production/respiration (P/R) ratios from 1.2 to 3.3. Epilithic metabolism in the regulated reach immediately below the dam increased sharply; GCP ranged from 4.2 to 25.5, CR</span><span>24</span><span>&nbsp;from 1.9 to 9.7, and P/R ratios from 1.4 to 5.7. Increased primary production and respiration in the regulated reach was a result of extensive growth of an aquatic moss (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Fontanalis neo-mexicanus</i><span>). The influence of the dam on epilithic community metabolism was mitigated 2.5 km downstream of the dam due to the regulated North Fork of the Clearwater River (NFCR) merging with the larger, nonregulated Clearwater River. While the regulated Clearwater River below the confluence was somewhat affected by the regulated NFCR flows upstream, metabolism was similar to that found above the reservoir (GCP = 1.2 &ndash; 2.6, CR</span><span>24</span><span>&nbsp;= 0.6 &ndash; 1.3, and P/R = 1.4 &ndash; 2.2). This study demonstrates that while Dworshak Dam has altered both primary production and respiration directly below the dam, the placement of the dam only 2.5 km upstream from a nonregulated reach greatly mitigates its effects on stream metabolism downstream.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:hydr.0000018177.78841.08","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Munn, M., and Brusven, M., 2004, The influence of Dworshak Dam on epilithic community metabolism in the Clearwater River, U.S.A.: Hydrobiologia, v. 513, p. 121-127, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:hydr.0000018177.78841.08.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:hydr.0000018177.78841.08"}],"volume":"513","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad0ce4b08c986b32393e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brusven, M.A.","contributorId":35520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brusven","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027002,"text":"70027002 - 2004 - Colonization by aerobic bacteria in karst: Laboratory and in situ experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70027002","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colonization by aerobic bacteria in karst: Laboratory and in situ experiments","docAbstract":"Experiments were carried out to investigate the potential for bacterial colonization of different substrates in karst aquifers and the nature of the colonizing bacteria. Laboratory batch experiments were performed using limestone and PVC as substrates, a natural bacterial isolate and a known laboratory strain (Escherichia coli [E. coli]) as inocula, and karst ground water and a synthetic formula as growth media. In parallel, fragments of limestone and granite were submerged in boreholes penetrating two karst aquifers for more than one year; the boreholes are periodically contaminated by enteric bacteria from waste water. Once a month, rock samples were removed and the colonizing bacteria quantified and identified. The batch experiments demonstrated that the natural isolate and E. coli both readily colonized limestone surfaces using karst ground water as the growth medium. In contrast, bacterial colonization of both the limestone and granite substrates, when submerged in the karst, was less intense. More than 300 bacterial strains were isolated over the period sampled, but no temporal pattern in colonization was seen as far as strain, and colonization by E. coli was notably absent, although strains of Salmonella and Citrobacter were each observed once. Samples suspended in boreholes penetrating highly fractured zones were less densely colonized than those in the borehole penetrating a less fractured zone. The results suggest that contamination of karst aquifers by enteric bacteria is unlikely to be persistent. We hypothesize that this may be a result of the high flow velocities found in karst conduits, and of predation of colonizing bacteria by autochthonous zooplankton.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02621.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Personne, J., Poty, F., Mahler, B., and Drogue, C., 2004, Colonization by aerobic bacteria in karst: Laboratory and in situ experiments: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 4, p. 526-533, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02621.x.","startPage":"526","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02621.x"},{"id":235288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7b9e4b0c8380cd4cc8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personne, J.-C.","contributorId":26840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personne","given":"J.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poty, F.","contributorId":35522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poty","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drogue, C.","contributorId":50685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drogue","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008229,"text":"1008229 - 2004 - Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on the demography of sugar pine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:47:34","indexId":"1008229","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on the demography of sugar pine","docAbstract":"<p><span>An introduced pathogen, white pine blister rust (</span><span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Cronartium ribicola</span><span>), has caused declines in five-needled pines throughout North America. Simultaneously, fire exclusion has resulted in dense stands in many forest types, which may create additional stress for these generally shade-intolerant pines. Fire exclusion also allows fuels to accumulate, and it is unclear how affected populations will respond to the reintroduction of fire. Although white pine blister rust and fire exclusion are widely recognized threats, long-term demographic data that document the effects of these stressors are rare. We present population trends from 2168 individuals over 5–15 years for an affected species, sugar pine (</span><span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Pinus lambertiana</span><span>), at several burned and unburned sites in the Sierra Nevada of California. Size-based matrix models indicate that most unburned populations have negative growth rates (λ range: 0.82–1.04). The growth rate of most populations was, however, indistinguishable from replacement levels (λ = 1.0), implying that, if populations are indeed declining, the progression of any such decline is slow, and longer observations are needed to clearly determine population trends. We found significant differences among population growth rates, primarily due to variation in recruitment rates. Deaths associated with blister rust and stress (i.e., resource competition) were common, suggesting significant roles for both blister rust and fire exclusion in determining population trajectories. Data from 15 prescribed fires showed that the immediate effect of burning was the death of many small trees, with the frequency of mortality returning to pre-fire levels within five years. In spite of a poor prognosis for sugar pine, our results suggest that we have time to apply and refine management strategies to protect this species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5109","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N.L., Keifer, M., and Keeley, J.E., 2004, Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on the demography of sugar pine: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 5, p. 1590-1602, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5109.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1590","endPage":"1602","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keifer, MaryBeth","contributorId":21841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keifer","given":"MaryBeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027024,"text":"70027024 - 2004 - An association of benthic foraminifera and gypsum in Holocene sediments of estuarine Chesapeake Bay, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027024","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An association of benthic foraminifera and gypsum in Holocene sediments of estuarine Chesapeake Bay, USA","docAbstract":"Two cores of Holocene sediments recovered from the Cape Charles Channel of Chesapeake Bay yielded radiocarbon ages of about 6.8 to 5.8 ka for the lower intervals. Fossil foraminifera preserved in these lower sediments are dominated by species of Elphidium, which make up about 90% of the assemblage throughout, and probably signify deposition in hypersaline waters. Buccella frigida and Ammonia beccarii are the only other species commonly present. Hypersalinity of bottom waters seems to have been maintained by water-density stratification in a basin-like section of the channel. In core PTXT-4-P-1 transition to modern Chesapeake conditions, in which numbers of Ammonia beccarii exceed those of Elphidium, commenced about 400 years ago. In core PTXT-3-P-2 hypersalinity is further signified by the presence of abundant euhedral crystals of gypsum in association with the fossil Elphidium. This occurrence of gypsum is not attributed to palaeoclimatic aridity, but rather to inflow of groundwater from adjacent gypsiferous Miocene strata. The study shows that in palaeoclimatic investigations the significance of the presence of gypsum should be evaluated with caution - it does not necessarily signify an evaporative regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683604hl738rr","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Cann, J., and Cronin, T., 2004, An association of benthic foraminifera and gypsum in Holocene sediments of estuarine Chesapeake Bay, USA: Holocene, v. 14, no. 4, p. 614-620, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl738rr.","startPage":"614","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl738rr"},{"id":235087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1ce4b0c8380cd48636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cann, J.","contributorId":14172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cann","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008372,"text":"1008372 - 2004 - Diet composition of common ravens across the urban-wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:55:25","indexId":"1008372","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet composition of common ravens across the urban-wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"<p><span>Common ravens (</span><i>Corvus corax</i><span>) are human-subsidized scavengers and predators in the Mojave Desert. They have increased dramatically in number and have been implicated as contributors to the decline in desert tortoise (</span><i>Gopherus agassizii</i><span>) populations. Known patterns of increased fledging success near human developments suggested that food was the most likely resource subsidy received by ravens. Because ravens are opportunistic foragers with a generalist diet, we predicted that the types of resource subsidy provided by different kinds of human developments should be reflected in measures of diet composition of breeding ravens. We estimated diet composition from contents of raven pellets collected at nests and related diet composition to distance of the nests from roads and point sources of resource subsidies, such as towns or landfills. Ravens that nested close to point subsidies far from major roads had the greatest incidence of trash in their diets. Ravens that nested close to roads but far from point subsidies had a low incidence of trash and a higher incidence of presumably road-killed mammals and reptiles. Ravens far from both roads and point subsidies had more plant material and arthropods, and ravens close to both roads and point subsidies had more birds and amphibians. Diet diversity was not related to distance from roads or developments. Fledging success was correlated with diet composition, such that birds with diets consistent with trash or road-kill subsidies fledged the greatest number of chicks. Our results suggest that ravens forage opportunistically on foods available near their nests, and different kinds of human developments contribute different foods. Improved management of landfills and highway fencing to reduce road-kills may help slow the growth of raven populations in the Mojave.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[244:DCOCRA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kristan, W.B., Boarman, W., and Crayon, J.J., 2004, Diet composition of common ravens across the urban-wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 244-253, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[244:DCOCRA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"244","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d95d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kristan, William B.","contributorId":83623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristan","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boarman, William I.","contributorId":75462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"William I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crayon, John J.","contributorId":174935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crayon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027003,"text":"70027003 - 2004 - Proterozoic tectonostratigraphy and paleogeography of central Madagascar derived from detrital zircon U-Pb age populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T10:02:40","indexId":"70027003","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proterozoic tectonostratigraphy and paleogeography of central Madagascar derived from detrital zircon U-Pb age populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detrital zircon U‐Pb ages determined by SHRIMP distinguish two clastic sequences among Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks from central Madagascar. The Itremo Group is older: zircon data, stromatolite characteristics, and carbon isotope data all point to a depositional age around 1500–1700 Ma. The Molo Group is younger, deposited between ∼620 Ma (the age of the youngest zircon) and ∼560 Ma (the age of metamorphic overgrowths on detrital cores). Geochronologic provenance analysis of the Itremo Group points to sources in East Africa as well as local sources in central and southern Madagascar but provides no evidence for a detrital contribution from northern and eastern Madagascar nor from southern India. Detrital zircon and sedimentologic similarities between rocks of the Itremo Group and the Zambian Muva Supergroup suggest a lithostratigraphic correlation between the two. The Molo Group has a strong 1000–1100 Ma detrital signature that also indicates an east African provenance and suggests a Neoproterozoic geographic connection with Sri Lanka but shows no indication of input from the Dharwar craton and eastern Madagascar. Central Madagascar was probably juxtaposed with the Tanzanian craton in the Paleo‐ and Mesoproterozoic, whereas northern and eastern Madagascar were connected to India. Internal assembly of Madagascar postdates Neoproterozoic Molo Group sedimentation and is likely to have occurred at about 560 Ma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/421070","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Cox, R., Coleman, D., Chokel, C., DeOreo, S., Wooden, J.L., Collins, A., De Waele, B., and Kroner, A., 2004, Proterozoic tectonostratigraphy and paleogeography of central Madagascar derived from detrital zircon U-Pb age populations: Journal of Geology, v. 112, no. 4, p. 379-399, https://doi.org/10.1086/421070.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37413","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f7de4b0c8380cd7f7c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R.","contributorId":83719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, D.S.","contributorId":57607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chokel, C.B.","contributorId":35523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chokel","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeOreo, S.B.","contributorId":7059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeOreo","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":193587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collins, A.S.","contributorId":49160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De Waele, B.","contributorId":42004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Waele","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kroner, A.","contributorId":58785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026613,"text":"70026613 - 2004 - New constraints on the sources and behavior of neodymium and hafnium in seawater from Pacific Ocean ferromanganese crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026613","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New constraints on the sources and behavior of neodymium and hafnium in seawater from Pacific Ocean ferromanganese crusts","docAbstract":"The behavior of dissolved Hf in the marine environment is not well understood due to the lack of direct seawater measurements of Hf isotopes and the limited number of Hf isotope time-series obtained from ferromanganese crusts. In order to place better constraints on input sources and develop further applications, a combined Nd-Hf isotope time-series study of five Pacific ferromanganese crusts was carried out. The samples cover the past 38 Myr and their locations range from sites at the margin of the ocean to remote areas, sites from previously unstudied North and South Pacific areas, and water depths corresponding to deep and bottom waters. For most of the samples a broad coupling of Nd and Hf isotopes is observed. In the Equatorial Pacific ENd and EHf both decrease with water depth. Similarly, ENd and EHf both increase from the South to the North Pacific. These data indicate that the Hf isotopic composition is, in general terms, a suitable tracer for ocean circulation, since inflow and progressive admixture of bottom water is clearly identifiable. The time-series data indicate that inputs and outputs have been balanced throughout much of the late Cenozoic. A simple box model can constrain the relative importance of potential input sources to the North Pacific. Assuming steady state, the model implies significant contributions of radiogenic Nd and Hf from young circum-Pacific arcs and a subordinate role of dust inputs from the Asian continent for the dissolved Nd and Hf budget of the North Pacific. Some changes in ocean circulation that are clearly recognizable in Nd isotopes do not appear to be reflected by Hf isotopic compositions. At two locations within the Pacific Ocean a decoupling of Nd and Hf isotopes is found, indicating limited potential for Hf isotopes as a stand-alone oceanographic tracer and providing evidence of additional local processes that govern the Hf isotopic composition of deep water masses. In the case of the Southwest Pacific there is evidence that decoupling may have been the result of changes in weathering style related to the buildup of Antarctic glaciation. Copyright ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.009","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"van de Flierdt, T., Frank, M., Lee, D., Halliday, A.N., Reynolds, B., and Hein, J., 2004, New constraints on the sources and behavior of neodymium and hafnium in seawater from Pacific Ocean ferromanganese crusts: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 19, p. 3827-3843, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.009.","startPage":"3827","endPage":"3843","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.009"},{"id":234173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6567e4b0c8380cd72bab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van de Flierdt, T.","contributorId":55613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Flierdt","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, D.-C.","contributorId":38307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reynolds, B.C.","contributorId":90510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027099,"text":"70027099 - 2004 - Using lidar and effective LAI data to evaluate IKONOS and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation cover estimates in a ponderosa pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:56:23","indexId":"70027099","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using lidar and effective LAI data to evaluate IKONOS and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation cover estimates in a ponderosa pine forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>Structural and functional analyses of ecosystems benefit when high accuracy vegetation coverages can be derived over large areas. In this study, we utilize IKONOS, Landsat 7 ETM+, and airborne scanning light detection and ranging (lidar) to quantify coniferous forest and understory grass coverages in a ponderosa pine (</span><i>Pinus ponderosa</i><span>) dominated ecosystem in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Linear spectral mixture analyses of IKONOS and ETM+ data were used to isolate spectral endmembers (bare soil, understory grass, and tree/shade) and calculate their subpixel fractional coverages. We then compared these endmember cover estimates to similar cover estimates derived from lidar data and field measures. The IKONOS-derived tree/shade fraction was significantly correlated with the field-measured canopy effective leaf area index (LAI</span><sub>e</sub><span>) (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.55, </span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001) and with the lidar-derived estimate of tree occurrence (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.79, </span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001). The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) calculated from IKONOS imagery showed a negative correlation with the field measured tree canopy effective LAI and lidar tree cover response (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.30, </span><i>r</i><span>=−0.55 and </span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.41, </span><i>r</i><span>=−0.64, respectively; </span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001) and further analyses indicate a strong linear relationship between EVI and the IKONOS-derived grass fraction (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.99, </span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001). We also found that using EVI resulted in better agreement with the subpixel vegetation fractions in this ecosystem than using normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI). Coarsening the IKONOS data to 30 m resolution imagery revealed a stronger relationship with lidar tree measures (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.77, </span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001) than at 4 m resolution (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.58, </span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001). Unmixed tree/shade fractions derived from 30 m resolution ETM+ imagery also showed a significant correlation with the lidar data (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.66, </span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001). These results demonstrate the power of using high resolution lidar data to validate spectral unmixing results of satellite imagery, and indicate that IKONOS data and Landsat 7 ETM+ data both can serve to make the important distinction between tree/shade coverage and exposed understory grass coverage during peak summertime greenness in a ponderosa pine forest ecosystem.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.003","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., Vierling, L., Rowell, E., and DeFelice, T., 2004, Using lidar and effective LAI data to evaluate IKONOS and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation cover estimates in a ponderosa pine forest: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 91, no. 1, p. 14-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.003"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc068e4b08c986b32a0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, X.","contributorId":76527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vierling, Lee","contributorId":17022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vierling","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowell, E.","contributorId":26867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowell","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeFelice, Tom","contributorId":9829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFelice","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027006,"text":"70027006 - 2004 - A precise method for the analysis of δ18O of dissolved inorganic phosphate in seawater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-08T16:01:34.291794","indexId":"70027006","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A precise method for the analysis of δ18O of dissolved inorganic phosphate in seawater","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method for preparation and analysis of the oxygen isotope composition (δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O) of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) has been developed and preliminary results for water samples from various locations are reported. Phosphate is extracted from seawater samples by coprecipitation with magnesium hydroxide. Phosphate is further purified through a series of precipitations and resin separation and is ultimately converted to silver phosphate. Silver phosphate samples are pyrolitically decomposed to carbon monoxide and analyzed for δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O. Silver phosphate samples weighing 0.7 mg (3.5 µmol oxygen) can be analyzed routinely with an average standard deviation of about 0.3‰. There is no isotope fractionation during extraction and blanks are negligible within analytical error. Reproducibility was determined for both laboratory standards and natural samples by multiple analyses. A comparison between filtered and unfiltered natural seawater samples was also conducted and no appreciable difference was observed for the samples tested. The δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of DIP in seawater determined using this method range from 18.6‰ to 22.3‰, suggesting small but detectable natural variability in seawater. For the San Francisco Bay estuary DIP δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O is more variable, ranging from 11.4‰ near the San Joaquin River to 20.1‰ near the Golden Gate Bridge, and was well correlated with salinity, phosphate concentration, and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lom.2004.2.202","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, K., Silva, S., Kendall, C., Stuart-Williams, H., and Paytan, A., 2004, A precise method for the analysis of δ18O of dissolved inorganic phosphate in seawater: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 2, no. 7, p. 202-212, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2004.2.202.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"212","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2004.2.202","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70027490,"text":"70027490 - 2004 - High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T12:53:29","indexId":"70027490","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Siderite-bearing pedogenic horizons of the Nanushuk Formation of the North Slope, Alaska, provide a critical high paleolatitude oxygen isotopic proxy record of paleoprecipitation, supplying important empirical data needed for paleoclimatic reconstructions and models of \"greenhouse-world\" precipitation rates. Siderite ??18O values were determined from four paleosol horizons in the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPR-A) Grandstand # 1 Core, and the values range between -17.6??? and -14.3??? Peedee belemnite (PDB) with standard deviations generally less than 0.6??? within individual horizons. The ??13C values are much more variable, ranging from -4.6??? to +10.8??? PDB. A covariant ??18O versus ??13C trend in one horizon probably resulted from mixing between modified marine and meteoric phreatic fluids during siderite precipitation. Groundwater values calculated from siderite oxygen isotopic values and paleobotanical temperature estimates range from -23.0??? to -19.5??? standard mean ocean water (SMOW). Minor element analyses show that the siderites are impure, having enrichments in Ca, Mg, Mn, and Sr. Minor element substitutions and Mg/Fe and Mg/ (Ca + Mg) ratios also suggest the influence of marine fluids upon siderite precipitation. The pedogenic horizons are characterized by gleyed colors, rare root traces, abundant siderite, abundant organic matter, rare clay and silty clay coatings and infillings, some preservation of primary sedimentary stratification, and a lack of ferruginous oxides and mottles. The pedogenic features suggest that these were poorly drained, reducing, hydromorphic soils that developed in coal-bearing delta plain facies and are similar to modern Inceptisols. Model-derived estimates of precipitation rates for the Late Albian of the North Slope, Alaska (485-626 mm/yr), are consistent with precipitation rates necessary to maintain modern peat-forming environments. This information reinforces the mutual consistency between empirical paleotemperature estimates and isotope mass balance models of the hydrologic cycle and can be used in future global circulation modeling (GCM) experiments of \"greenhouse-world\" climates to constrain high latitude precipitation rates in simulations of ancient worlds with decreased equator-to-pole temperature gradients. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25289.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Ufnar, D.F., Ludvigson, G.A., Gonzalez, L.A., Brenner, R.L., and Witzke, B.J., 2004, High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3-4, p. 463-473, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25289.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"473","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211219,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25289.1"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30bee4b0c8380cd5d8e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, Richard L.","contributorId":94457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13387,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 669, Cordova, AK  99574","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witzke, Brian J.","contributorId":40347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":53435,"text":"ofr20041013 - 2004 - Maps showing the stratigraphic framework of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River to Winyah Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20041013","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1013","title":"Maps showing the stratigraphic framework of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River to Winyah Bay","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041013","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, W.E., Morton, R., Denny, J.F., Dadisman, S.V., Schwab, W.C., Gayes, P.T., and Driscoll, N.W., 2004, Maps showing the stratigraphic framework of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River to Winyah Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1013, 20 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041013.","productDescription":"20 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5215,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60632c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denny, Jane F. 0000-0002-3472-618X jdenny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-618X","contributorId":418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Jane","email":"jdenny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gayes, Paul T.","contributorId":86466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gayes","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":24750,"text":"Coastal Carolina University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":247587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Driscoll, Neal W.","contributorId":63266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027055,"text":"70027055 - 2004 - Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Hydraulic data collected in a flume fitted with pans of sawgrass were analyzed to determine the vertically averaged drag coefficient as a function of vegetation characteristics. The drag coefficient is required for modeling flow through emergent vegetation at low Reynolds numbers in the Florida Everglades. Parameters of the vegetation, such as the stem population per unit bed area and the average stem/leaf width, were measured for five fixed vegetation layers. The vertically averaged vegetation parameters for each experiment were then computed by weighted average over the submerged portion of the vegetation. Only laminar flow through emergent vegetation was considered, because this is the dominant flow regime of the inland Everglades. A functional form for the vegetation drag coefficient was determined by linear regression of the logarithmic transforms of measured resistance force and Reynolds number. The coefficients of the drag coefficient function were then determined for the Everglades, using extensive flow and vegetation measurements taken in the field. The Everglades data show that the stem spacing and the Reynolds number are important parameters for the determination of vegetation drag coefficient. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., Roig, L., Jenter, H., and Visser, H.M., 2004, Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades: Ecological Engineering, v. 22, no. 4-5, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001"},{"id":235552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03bee4b0c8380cd5062d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J. K.","contributorId":28233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roig, L.C.","contributorId":97687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Visser, H. M.","contributorId":53858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027004,"text":"70027004 - 2004 - Denitrification in the Upper Mississippi River: Rates, controls, and contribution to nitrate flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70027004","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in the Upper Mississippi River: Rates, controls, and contribution to nitrate flux","docAbstract":"We evaluated patterns of denitrification and factors effecting denitrification in the upper Mississippi River. Measurements were taken over 2 years, during which river discharge ranged from record flooding to base flow conditions. Over the period of study, average denitrification enzyme activity was highest in backwater lakes and lowest in the main channel. Throughout the study reach, highest denitrification enzyme activity occurred during fall and lowest occurred in winter. Rates during spring floods (2001) were only slightly higher than during the preceding winter. Mean unamended denitrification rates ranged from 0.02 (fall 2001 in backwaters) to 0.40 ??g N??cm -2??h-1 (spring 2001 in backwaters). Laboratory experiments showed that denitrification rates increased significantly with addition of NO3- regardless of sediment C content, while rates increased little with addition of labile C (glucose). Denitrification in this reach of the upper Mississippi River appears to be NO3- limited throughout the growing season and the delivery of NO 3- is strongly controlled by river discharge and hydrologie connectivity across the floodplain. We estimate that denitrification removes 6939 t N??year-1 or 6.9% of the total annual NO 3- input to the reach. Hydrologic connectivity and resultant NO3- delivery to high-C sediments is a critical determinant of reach-scale processing of N in this floodplain system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F04-062","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Richardson, W.B., Strauss, E., Bartsch, L., Monroe, E., Cavanaugh, J., Vingum, L., and Soballe, D., 2004, Denitrification in the Upper Mississippi River: Rates, controls, and contribution to nitrate flux: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 7, p. 1102-1112, https://doi.org/10.1139/F04-062.","startPage":"1102","endPage":"1112","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F04-062"},{"id":235325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe9ae4b0c8380cd4ee0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strauss, E.A.","contributorId":26010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartsch, L.A.","contributorId":7675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monroe, E.M.","contributorId":105822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cavanaugh, J.C.","contributorId":25269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavanaugh","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vingum, L.","contributorId":16204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vingum","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soballe, D.M.","contributorId":87654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soballe","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026271,"text":"70026271 - 2004 - Element content of Xanthoparmelia scabrosa growing on asphalt in urban and rural New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T18:29:06.762013","indexId":"70026271","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1087,"text":"Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Element content of <i>Xanthoparmelia scabrosa</i> growing on asphalt in urban and rural New Zealand","title":"Element content of Xanthoparmelia scabrosa growing on asphalt in urban and rural New Zealand","docAbstract":"<p><i>Xanthoparmelia scabrosa</i> is a foliose lichen that grows abundantly on pedestrian and automobile asphalt in New Zealand, which are considered inhospitable habitats for lichens. Samples were collected at eight localities ranging from urban streets to very rural roads and analyzed for 28 chemical elements in order to determine elemental chemistry and to test hypotheses about tolerance mechanisms. Anthropogenic elements (Cu, Pb, and Zn) decreased significantly from urban to rural areas, while nutritional elements (K, P, and S) increased. Samples from urban areas contained 10% calcium. Sulfur was elevated at both urban and rural sites, possibly due to pollution in the former site and higher levels of sulfur-containing scabrosin esters at the rural sites. The ability of this lichen to accumulate high levels of Cu, Pb and Zn may make it useful as a remediation tool.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1639/0007-2745(2004)107[421:ECOXSG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., and Wright, D., 2004, Element content of Xanthoparmelia scabrosa growing on asphalt in urban and rural New Zealand: Bryologist, v. 107, no. 4, p. 421-428, https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2004)107[421:ECOXSG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"428","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              173.759765625,\n              -37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              173.056640625,\n              -39.84228602074339\n            ],\n            [\n              171.03515625,\n              -41.11246878918086\n            ],\n            [\n              165.849609375,\n              -46.255846818480315\n            ],\n            [\n              167.6953125,\n              -47.4578085307503\n            ],\n            [\n              169.892578125,\n              -47.4578085307503\n            ],\n            [\n              172.44140625,\n              -44.4023918290939\n            ],\n            [\n              178.41796874999997,\n              -39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              178.857421875,\n              -37.16031654673676\n            ],\n            [\n              175.95703125,\n              -35.96022296929668\n            ],\n            [\n              173.759765625,\n              -34.66935854524544\n            ],\n            [\n              172.265625,\n              -34.52466147177172\n            ],\n            [\n              173.759765625,\n              -37.579412513438385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08b4e4b0c8380cd51c2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, D.M.","contributorId":54945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027054,"text":"70027054 - 2004 - Assessing subglacial processes from diatom fragmentation patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027054","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing subglacial processes from diatom fragmentation patterns","docAbstract":"Reconstructing the size and glacial style of past ice-sheet advances requires interpreting complex glacial sedimentary facies. We use diatoms, a major component of Antarctic continental shelf deposits, to infer the physical conditions under which these deposits were emplaced. The degree of diatom fragmentation and the presence of diatoms of varying stratigraphic age in glacial sediments provide means to qualitatively gauge glacial mixing and transport. Here we report an experimentally calibrated index of diatom fragmentation that provides a simple but objective method of assessing the degree of subshearing imparted on marine glacial sedimentary deposits. By using a ring-shear device to subject diatomaceous sediment to stresses comparable to those beneath the Ross ice streams, we quantitatively assess patterns of diatom comminution resulting from compaction and from progressive shear stress. Elongate pennate diatoms are found to break disproportionately to discoid centric diatoms when subjected to shear stress; thus, a simple ratio of unbroken centric to pennate diatoms provides a reliable gauge of past shearing. Comparison of ring-shear results with a suite of previously analyzed sediments that represent a variety of glacial, glacial-marine, and hemipelagic settings of the Ross Sea and subglacial Ross Embayment demonstrates that this index can be employed for estimating relative subglacial stresses in this setting. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20423.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Scherer, R., Sjunneskog, C., Iverson, N., and Hooyer, T., 2004, Assessing subglacial processes from diatom fragmentation patterns: Geology, v. 32, no. 7, p. 557-560, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20423.1.","startPage":"557","endPage":"560","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20423.1"},{"id":235551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede3e4b0c8380cd49a9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scherer, R.P.","contributorId":74558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sjunneskog, C.M.","contributorId":35105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sjunneskog","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, N.R.","contributorId":19682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooyer, T.S.","contributorId":83242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooyer","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027026,"text":"70027026 - 2004 - Secondary invasion following the reduction of Coronilla varia (Crownvetch) in sand prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T16:51:58","indexId":"70027026","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary invasion following the reduction of Coronilla varia (Crownvetch) in sand prairie","docAbstract":"<p><span>I investigated the effect of&nbsp;</span><i>Coronilla varia</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>invasion and subsequent reduction on the plant community and soil nitrogen availability in a degraded Illinois sand prairie. The presence of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C. varia</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>significantly increased soil nitrogen availability and significantly decreased native species richness and cover, but neither helped nor hindered a common non-native grass,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Poa pratensis</i><span>. One year after the drastic reduction of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C. varia</i><span>, soil nitrogen remained somewhat elevated and native species richness and cover low, but<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. pratensis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>cover increased nearly six-fold. These results suggest that<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C. varia</i><span>'s impact might be continued through altered soil nitrogen. More important, however, was the strong response of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. pratensis</i><span>, which could hinder restoration efforts by competing with native species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0183:SIFTRO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A., 2004, Secondary invasion following the reduction of Coronilla varia (Crownvetch) in sand prairie: American Midland Naturalist, v. 152, no. 1, p. 183-189, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0183:SIFTRO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b891fe4b08c986b316d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":2611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027201,"text":"70027201 - 2004 - The origin and mechanisms of salinization of the Lower Jordan River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027201","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin and mechanisms of salinization of the Lower Jordan River","docAbstract":"The chemical and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr, ??11B, ??34Ssulfate, ??18Owater, ??15Nnitrate) compositions of water from the Lower Jordan River and its major tributaries between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea were determined in order to reveal the origin of the salinity of the Jordan River. We identified three separate hydrological zones along the flow of the river: (1) A northern section (20 km downstream of its source) where the base flow composed of diverted saline and wastewaters is modified due to discharge of shallow sulfate-rich groundwater, characterized by low 87Sr/86Sr (0.7072), ??34Ssulfate (-2???), high ??11B (???36???), ??15Nnitrate (???15???) and high ??18Owater (-2 to-3???) values. The shallow groundwater is derived from agricultural drainage water mixed with natural saline groundwater and discharges to both the Jordan and Yarmouk rivers. The contribution of the groundwater component in the Jordan River flow, deduced from mixing relationships of solutes and strontium isotopes, varies from 20 to 50% of the total flow. (2) A central zone (20-50 km downstream from its source) where salt variations are minimal and the rise of 87Sr/86Sr and SO4/Cl ratios reflects predominance of eastern surface water flows. (3) A southern section (50-100 km downstream of its source) where the total dissolved solids of the Jordan River increase, particularly during the spring (70-80 km) and summer (80-100 km) to values as high as 11.1 g/L. Variations in the chemical and isotopic compositions of river water along the southern section suggest that the Zarqa River (87Sr/86Sr???0.70865; ??11B???25???) has a negligible affect on the Jordan River. Instead, the river quality is influenced primarily by groundwater discharge composed of sulfate-rich saline groundwater (Cl-=31-180 mM; SO4/Cl???0.2-0.5; Br/Cl???2-3??10-3; 87Sr/86Sr???0.70805; ??11B???30???; ??15Nnitrate ???17???, ??34Ssulfate=4-10???), and Ca-chloride Rift valley brines (Cl-=846-1500 mM; Br/Cl???6-8??10-3; 87Sr/86Sr???0.7080; ??11B???40???; ??34Ssulfate=4-10???). Mixing calculations indicate that the groundwater discharged to the river is composed of varying proportions of brines and sulfate-rich saline groundwater. Solute mass balance calculations point to a ???10% contribution of saline groundwater (Cl-=282 to 564 mM) to the river. A high nitrate level (up to 2.5 mM) in the groundwater suggests that drainage of wastewater derived irrigation water is an important source for the groundwater. This irrigation water appears to leach Pleistocene sediments of the Jordan Valley resulting in elevated sulfate contents and altered strontium and boron isotopic compositions of the groundwater that in turn impacts the water quality of the lower Jordan River. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.021","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Farber, E., Vengosh, A., Gavrieli, I., Marie, A., Bullen, T., Mayer, B., Holtzman, R., Segal, M., and Shavit, U., 2004, The origin and mechanisms of salinization of the Lower Jordan River: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 9, p. 1989-2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.021.","startPage":"1989","endPage":"2006","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.021"}],"volume":"68","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae64e4b08c986b324073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farber, E.","contributorId":31955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farber","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vengosh, A.","contributorId":88925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gavrieli, I.","contributorId":88134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavrieli","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marie, Amarisa","contributorId":83090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marie","given":"Amarisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayer, B.","contributorId":84538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holtzman, R.","contributorId":9044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtzman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Segal, M.","contributorId":104683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shavit, U.","contributorId":15807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shavit","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70027053,"text":"70027053 - 2004 - Estimating Dungeness crab (<i>Cancer magister</i>) abundance: Crab pots and dive transects compared","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:31:07","indexId":"70027053","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating Dungeness crab (<i>Cancer magister</i>) abundance: Crab pots and dive transects compared","docAbstract":"<p>Dungeness crabs (<i>Cancer magister</i>) were sampled with commercial pots and counted by scuba divers on benthic transects at eight sites near Glacier Bay, Alaska. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) from pots was compared to the density estimates from dives to evaluate the bias and power of the two techniques. Yearly sampling was conducted in two seasons: April and September, from 1992 to 2000. Male CPUE estimates from pots were significantly lower in April than in the following September; a step-wise regression demonstrated that season accounted for more of the variation in male CPUE than did temperature. In both April and September, pot sampling was significantly biased against females. When females were categorized as ovigerous and nonovigerous, it was clear that ovigerous females accounted for the majority of the bias because pots were not biased against nonovigerous females. We compared the power of pots and dive transects in detecting trends in populations and found that pots had much higher power than dive transects. Despite their low power, the dive transects were very useful for detecting bias in our pot sampling and in identifying the optimal times of year to sample so that pot bias could be avoided.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Taggart, S.J., O’Clair, C.E., Shirley, T.C., and Mondragon, J., 2004, Estimating Dungeness crab (<i>Cancer magister</i>) abundance: Crab pots and dive transects compared: Fishery Bulletin, v. 102, no. 3, p. 488-497.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"497","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fishbull.noaa.gov/1023/1023toc.htm","text":"Fishery Bulletin: Volume 102, Issue 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -137.04345703125,\n              58.25028193440733\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.4010009765625,\n              58.25028193440733\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.4010009765625,\n              58.77104825721719\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.04345703125,\n              58.77104825721719\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.04345703125,\n              58.25028193440733\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0afde4b0c8380cd524f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shirley, Thomas C.","contributorId":17409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026982,"text":"70026982 - 2004 - Inferring time‐varying recharge from inverse analysis of long‐term water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:23:32","indexId":"70026982","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferring time‐varying recharge from inverse analysis of long‐term water levels","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water levels in aquifers typically vary in response to time‐varying rates of recharge, suggesting the possibility of inferring time‐varying recharge rates on the basis of long‐term water level records. Presumably, in the southwestern United States (Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, southern California, and southern Utah), rates of mountain front recharge to alluvial aquifers depend on variations in precipitation rates due to known climate cycles such as the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation index and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. This investigation examined the inverse application of a one‐dimensional analytical model for periodic flow described by Lloyd R. Townley in 1995 to estimate periodic recharge variations on the basis of variations in long‐term water level records using southwest aquifers as the case study. Time‐varying water level records at various locations along the flow line were obtained by simulation of forward models of synthetic basins with applied sinusoidal recharge of either a single period or composite of multiple periods of length similar to known climate cycles. Periodic water level components, reconstructed using singular spectrum analysis (SSA), were used to calibrate the analytical model to estimate each recharge component. The results demonstrated that periodic recharge estimates were most accurate in basins with nearly uniform transmissivity and the accuracy of the recharge estimates depends on monitoring well location. A case study of the San Pedro Basin, Arizona, is presented as an example of calibrating the analytical model to real data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002650","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, J.E., Hanson, R.T., Ferre, T., and Leake, S.A., 2004, Inferring time‐varying recharge from inverse analysis of long‐term water levels: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 7, Article W07403; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002650.","productDescription":"Article W07403; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002650","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aede4b0c8380cd620ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferre, T.P.A.","contributorId":196167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferre","given":"T.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008514,"text":"1008514 - 2004 - A simple technique for trapping Siren lacertian, Amphiuma means, and other aquatic vertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T17:10:19.633475","indexId":"1008514","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A simple technique for trapping <i>Siren lacertian</i>,<i> Amphiuma means</i>, and other aquatic vertebrates","title":"A simple technique for trapping Siren lacertian, Amphiuma means, and other aquatic vertebrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a commercially-available funnel trap for sampling aquatic vertebrates. The traps can be used in heavily vegetated wetlands and can be set in water up to 60 cm deep without concern for drowning the animals. They were especially useful for capturing the aquatic salamanders&nbsp;</span><i>Siren lacertina</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Amphiuma means</i><span>, which have been difficult to capture with traditional sampling methods. They also were effective for sampling small fishes, particularly centrarchids, and larval anurans. In total, 14 species of amphibians, nine species of aquatic reptiles, and at least 32 fish species were captured. The trap we describe differs significantly from traditional funnel traps (e.g., minnow traps) and holds great promise for studies of small, aquatic vertebrates, in particular&nbsp;</span><i>Siren</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Amphiuma</i><span>&nbsp;species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2004.9664540","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S., and Barichivich, W., 2004, A simple technique for trapping Siren lacertian, Amphiuma means, and other aquatic vertebrates: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 19, no. 2, p. 263-269, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2004.9664540.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              30.939924331023445\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.451171875,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.2646484375,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              29.53522956294847\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0673828125,\n              29.954934549656144\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9248046875,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8369140625,\n              27.72243591897343\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.30957031249999,\n              26.43122806450644\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              25.878994400196202\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.474609375,\n              25.363882272740256\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              25.085598897064752\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              24.966140159912975\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              27.254629577800063\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37597656249999,\n              28.07198030177986\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              28.92163128242129\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              31.615965936476076\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              32.62087018318113\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a64e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, S. A.","contributorId":53723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barichivich, W.J. 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":91435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008108,"text":"1008108 - 2004 - Saguaros Under Siege: Invasive Species and Fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:37","indexId":"1008108","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1380,"text":"Desert Plants","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saguaros Under Siege: Invasive Species and Fire","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Desert Plants","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Schwalbe, C., Haines, D., and Halvorson, W.L., 2004, Saguaros Under Siege: Invasive Species and Fire: Desert Plants, v. 20, p. 49-55.","productDescription":"p. 49-55","startPage":"49","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, D.F.","contributorId":80602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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