{"pageNumber":"2712","pageRowStart":"67775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026660,"text":"70026660 - 2004 - Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026660","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2356,"text":"Journal of Insect Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Alien parasitic wasps, including accidental introductions and purposefully released biological control agents, have been implicated in the decline of native Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Understanding the potential impacts of alien wasps requires knowledge of ecological parameters that influence parasitism rates for species in their new environment. Sophora seed-feeding Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were surveyed for larval parasitoids to determine how native and alien wasps are partitioned over an elevation gradient (2200-2800 m) on Hawaii Island, Hawaii. Parasitism rate of native Euderus metallicus (Eulophidae) increased with increased elevation, while parasitism rate by immigrant Calliephialtes grapholithae (Ichneumonidae) decreased. Parasitism by Pristomerus hawaiiensis (Ichneumonidae), origins uncertain, also decreased with increased elevation. Two other species, Diadegma blackburni (Ichneumonidae), origins uncertain, and Brasema cushmani (Eupelmidae), a purposefully introduced biological control agent for pepper weevil, did not vary significantly with elevation. Results are contrasted with a previous study of this system with implications for the conservation of an endangered bird species that feed on Cydia larvae. Interpretation of results is hindered by lack of knowledge of autecology of moths and wasps, origins, phylogeny, systematics, competitive ability, and physiological limitations of each wasp species. These factors should be incorporated into risk analysis for biological control introductions and invasive species programs. ?? 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Insect Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10841-004-1356-x","issn":"1366638X","usgsCitation":"Oboyski, P., Slotterback, J., and Banko, P., 2004, Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii: Journal of Insect Conservation, v. 8, no. 2-3, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-004-1356-x.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208539,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-004-1356-x"},{"id":234348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00fce4b0c8380cd4fa1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oboyski, P.T.","contributorId":31950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oboyski","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotterback, J.W.","contributorId":46736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotterback","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banko, P.C. 0000-0002-6035-9803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":99531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026659,"text":"70026659 - 2004 - Slip history of the 2003 San Simeon earthquake constrained by combining 1-Hz GPS, strong motion, and teleseismic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026659","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip history of the 2003 San Simeon earthquake constrained by combining 1-Hz GPS, strong motion, and teleseismic data","docAbstract":"The slip history of the 2003 San Simeon earthquake is constrained by combining strong motion and teleseismic data, along with GPS static offsets and 1-Hz GPS observations. Comparisons of a 1-Hz GPS time series and a co-located strong motion data are in very good agreement, demonstrating a new application of GPS. The inversion results for this event indicate that the rupture initiated at a depth of 8.5 km and propagated southeastwards with a speed ???3.0 km/sec, with rake vectors forming a fan structure around the hypocenter. We obtained a peak slip of 2.8 m and total seismic moment of 6.2 ?? 1018 Nm. We interpret the slip distribution as indicating that the hanging wall rotates relative to the footwall around the hypocenter, in a sense that appears consistent with the shape of the mapped fault trace. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GL020448","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Ji, C., Larson, K., Tan, Y., Hudnut, K., and Choi, K., 2004, Slip history of the 2003 San Simeon earthquake constrained by combining 1-Hz GPS, strong motion, and teleseismic data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020448.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478304,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20101122-154926765","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020448"},{"id":234315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b914ae4b08c986b319805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, K.M.","contributorId":84949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tan, Y.","contributorId":40773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudnut, K.W.","contributorId":25179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Choi, K.","contributorId":105489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026658,"text":"70026658 - 2004 - Habitat disturbance and the diversity and abundance of ants (Formicidae) in the Southeastern Fall-Line Sandhills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T15:38:10.346133","indexId":"70026658","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2357,"text":"Journal of Insect Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat disturbance and the diversity and abundance of ants (Formicidae) in the Southeastern Fall-Line Sandhills","docAbstract":"<p>We examined habitat disturbance, species richness, equitability, and abundance of ants in the Fall-Line Sandhills, at Fort Benning, Georgia. We collected ants with pitfall traps, sweep nets, and by searching tree trunks. Disturbed areas were used for military training; tracked and wheeled vehicles damaged vegetation and soils. Highly disturbed sites had fewer trees, diminished ground cover, warmer soils in the summer, and more compacted soils with a shallower A-horizon. We collected 48 species of ants, in 23 genera (141,468 individuals), over four years of sampling. Highly disturbed areas had fewer species, and greater numbers of ants than did moderately or lightly disturbed areas. The ant communities in disturbed areas were also less equitable, and were dominated by <i>Dorymyrmex smithi</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1673/031.004.3001","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., Hughie, H., Jones, S., Wrinn, K., Krzysik, A., Duda, J., Freeman, D.C., Emlen, J., Zak, J., Kovacic, D., Chamberlin-Graham, C., and Balbach, H., 2004, Habitat disturbance and the diversity and abundance of ants (Formicidae) in the Southeastern Fall-Line Sandhills: Journal of Insect Science, v. 4, no. 30, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1673/031.004.3001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1673/031.004.3001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Benning","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.82681274414062,\n              32.37184274299272\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.78561401367188,\n              32.37184274299272\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.78561401367188,\n              32.40199431650887\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.82681274414062,\n              32.40199431650887\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.82681274414062,\n              32.37184274299272\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f08e4b0c8380cd5ca1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, J.H.","contributorId":77322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughie, H.H.","contributorId":48060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughie","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, S.","contributorId":43468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wrinn, K.","contributorId":65351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrinn","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krzysik, A.J.","contributorId":63188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krzysik","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Freeman, D. Carl","contributorId":31599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zak, J.C.","contributorId":82097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zak","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kovacic, D.A.","contributorId":102207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovacic","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Chamberlin-Graham, C.","contributorId":41228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamberlin-Graham","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Balbach, H.","contributorId":42778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balbach","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70026657,"text":"70026657 - 2004 - Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware River basin in northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T15:55:46.355933","indexId":"70026657","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware River basin in northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Avian biodiversity may be at risk in eastern parks and forests due to continued expansion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an exotic homopteran insect native to East Asia. To assess avian biodiversity, mesohabitat relations, and the risk of species loss with declining hemlock forests in Appalachian park lands, 80 randomly distributed fixed-radius plots were established in which territories of breeding birds were estimated on four forest-terrain types (hemlock and hardwood benches and ravines) in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Both species richness and number of territories were higher in hardwood than hemlock forest types and in bench than ravine terrain types. Four insectivorous species, Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarius), black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), and Blackburnian warbler (Dendroica fusca), showed high affinity for hemlock forest type and exhibited significantly greater numbers of territories in hemlock than hardwood sites. These species are hemlock-associated species at risk from continued hemlock decline in the Delaware River valley and similar forests of the mid-Atlantic east slope. Two of these species, the blue-headed vireo and Blackburnian warbler, appeared to specialize on ravine mesohabitats of hemlock stands, the vireo a low-to-mid canopy species, the warbler a mid-to-upper canopy forager. Unchecked expansion of the exotic adelgid and subsequent hemlock decline could negatively impact 3,600 pairs from the park and several million pairs from northeastern United States hemlock forests due to elimination of preferred habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Redell, L.A., Bennett, R., and Young, J.A., 2004, Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware River basin in northeastern United States: Natural Areas Journal, v. 24, no. 4, p. 307-315.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43912342"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River, Delaware Water Gap 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-75.16983032226562,\n              40.94515773672477\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5443e4b0c8380cd6cf1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Robert M.","contributorId":62562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Randy rmbennett@usgs.gov","contributorId":168440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Randy","email":"rmbennett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026656,"text":"70026656 - 2004 - Umbilical scarring in hatchling American alligators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026656","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Umbilical scarring in hatchling American alligators","docAbstract":"Umbilical scarring is the presence of excess scar tissue deposited between abdominal dermal layers at the site of yolk sac absorption in hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). The presence of this dermal condition plays a key evaluatory role in the overall quality and subsequent value for various commercial leather products. Despite the prevalent nature of this condition, currently the industry has no standardized protocols for its quantification. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between hatchling weight and age and incidence of umbilical scarring and to develop a quantifiable and reproducible technique to measure this dermal condition in hatchling American alligators. Thirty eggs from each of nine clutches were incubated in two separate incubators at different facilities and hatchling umbilical scarring was measured at 2 and 10 days of age using digital calipers. Umbilical area was calculated by multiplying umbilical length times umbilical width. There was a significant effect of both age and clutch on umbilical area (overall decline of 64%) by 10 days post-hatch. However, only five of the nine clutches utilized expressed a noticeable decline in the size of this dermal condition (range 67-74%). We had hypothesized that larger hatchlings would have larger umbilical areas and a slower rate of improvement in this condition during the first few days post-hatch. The differences in umbilical area and percent decline with age across clutches, however, were not associated with differences in initial hatchling weights. Within clutches and time periods, hatchling weight had no significant effect on the size and/or rate of decline of this condition. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.027","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Wiebe, J., Sepulveda, M.S., Buckland, J., Anderson, S.R., and Gross, T., 2004, Umbilical scarring in hatchling American alligators: Aquaculture, v. 239, no. 1-4, p. 155-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.027.","startPage":"155","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.027"},{"id":234278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"239","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc10e4b08c986b3289ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiebe, J.J.","contributorId":11171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiebe","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckland, J.E.","contributorId":53342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckland","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, S. R.","contributorId":93518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026655,"text":"70026655 - 2004 - Polar organic chemical integrative sampling and liquid chromatography- electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry for assessing selected prescription and illicit drugs in treated sewage effluents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:36:26","indexId":"70026655","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar organic chemical integrative sampling and liquid chromatography- electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry for assessing selected prescription and illicit drugs in treated sewage effluents","docAbstract":"<p><span>The purpose of the research presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to demonstrate the coupling of two state-of-the-art techniques: a time-weighted polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and microliquid chromatography–electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry and (2) to assess the ability of these methodologies to detect six drugs (azithromycin, fluoxetine, omeprazole, levothyroxine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in a real-world environment, e.g., waste water effluent. In the effluent from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), azithromycin was detected at concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 ng/L, which is equivalent to a total annual release of 1 to 4 kg into receiving waters. Detected and confirmed in the effluent from two WWTPs were two illicit drugs, methamphetamine and MDMA, at 2 and 0.5 ng/L, respectively. Although the ecotoxicologic significance of drugs in environmental matrices, particularly water, has not been closely examined, it can only be surmised that these substances have the potential to adversely affect biota that are continuously exposed to them even at very low levels. The potential for chronic effects on human health is also unknown but of increasing concern because of the multiuse character of water, particularly in densely populated, arid areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-004-3146-6","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Jones-Lepp, T., Alvarez, D., Petty, J.D., and Huckins, J., 2004, Polar organic chemical integrative sampling and liquid chromatography- electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry for assessing selected prescription and illicit drugs in treated sewage effluents: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 47, no. 4, p. 427-439, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-3146-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-3146-6"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cc5e4b0c8380cd79b83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones-Lepp, T. L.","contributorId":11806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Lepp","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026654,"text":"70026654 - 2004 - The challenge of effectively addressing the threat of invasive species to the National Park System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026654","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The challenge of effectively addressing the threat of invasive species to the National Park System","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Loope, L., 2004, The challenge of effectively addressing the threat of invasive species to the National Park System, <i>in</i> Park Science, v. 22, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa11e4b08c986b3226e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, L.","contributorId":86875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026652,"text":"70026652 - 2004 - Prevalence of the parasitic copepod Haemobaphes intermedius on juvenile buffalo sculpins from Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:01:23","indexId":"70026652","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence of the parasitic copepod Haemobaphes intermedius on juvenile buffalo sculpins from Washington State","docAbstract":"<p>The parasitic copepod, Haemobaphes intermedius, was detected in 62% of juvenile buffalo sculpins Enophrys bison, a previously unreported host, from the San Juan Islands archipelago in Washington State. Most infestations were characterized by the presence of a single female copepod infestations with multiple H. intermedius occurred either unilaterally or bilaterally in 29% of parasitized individuals. Impaired condition of parasitized hosts was indicated by significantly lower total lengths and weights (34.9 mm; 1.6 g) than in unparasitized cohorts (38.9 mm; 2.1 g). Host specificity was indicated by the failure to detect H. intermedius in 43 sympatric great sculpins Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus from the same location.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/H04-006.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Halpenny, C., Kocan, R.M., and Hershberger, P., 2004, Prevalence of the parasitic copepod Haemobaphes intermedius on juvenile buffalo sculpins from Washington State: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 16, no. 3, p. 161-163, https://doi.org/10.1577/H04-006.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H04-006.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.10317993164062,\n              48.62610126300646\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20960998535156,\n              48.62292419804796\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20823669433594,\n              48.54161415420273\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99400329589844,\n              48.41826449418743\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.94525146484375,\n              48.46563710044979\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.947998046875,\n              48.5370678355958\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.08189392089845,\n              48.62383195130112\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.10317993164062,\n              48.62610126300646\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b75e4b0c8380cd7e25f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halpenny, C.M.","contributorId":76523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpenny","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocan, R. M.","contributorId":41783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026651,"text":"70026651 - 2004 - Feeding ecology and energetic relationships with habitat of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, in the lower Mississippi River, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026651","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology and energetic relationships with habitat of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, in the lower Mississippi River, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"We examined feeding of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, collected from floodplain lake, secondary (side) river channel, and main river channel habitats in the lower Mississippi River (LMR), U.S.A. We described the feeding ecology of two large river catfish species within the context of whether off-channel habitats in the LMR (i.e., floodplain lakes and secondary channels) potentially provided energetic benefits to these fishes as purported in contemporary theory on the ecology of large rivers. We used diet composition and associated caloric densities of prey consumed as indicators of energetic benefit to catfishes. Differences in diet among habitats were strong for blue catfish, but weak for flathead catfish; consumed foods generally differed among habitats in caloric (energy) content. Caloric densities of consumed foods were generally greatest in floodplain lakes, least in the main river channel, and intermediate in secondary river channels. Strong between-year variation in diet was observed, but only for blue catfish. Blue catfish fed disproportionately on lower-energy zebra mussels in the main river channel during 1997, and higher-energy chironomids and oligochaetes in floodplain lakes during 1998. Results suggested that although off-channel habitats potentially provided greater energetic return to catfishes in terms of foods consumed, patterns of feeding and subsequent energy intake may vary annually. Energetic benefits associated with off-channel habitats as purported under contemporary theory (e.g., the 'flood-pulse concept') may not be accrued by catfishes every year in the LMR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EBFI.0000029341.45030.94","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Eggleton, M., and Schramm, H., 2004, Feeding ecology and energetic relationships with habitat of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, in the lower Mississippi River, U.S.A.: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 70, no. 2, p. 107-121, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000029341.45030.94.","startPage":"107","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208458,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000029341.45030.94"},{"id":234210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f6be4b0c8380cd538cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleton, M.A.","contributorId":40370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleton","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026650,"text":"70026650 - 2004 - Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026650","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y","docAbstract":"Studies of the Santa Barbara Basin off the coast of California have linked changes in its bottom-water oxygen content to millennial-scale climate changes as recorded by the oxygen isotope composition of Greenland ice. Through the use of detailed records from a sediment core collected off the Magdalena Margin of Baja California, Mexico, we demonstrate that this teleconnection predominantly arose from changes in marine productivity, rather than changes in ventilation of the North Pacific, as was originally proposed. One possible interpretation is that the modern balance of El Nin??o-La Nin??a conditions that favors a shallow nutricline and high productivity today and during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y. was altered toward more frequent, deep nutricline, low productivity, El Nin??o-like conditions during cool climate intervals. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20234.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, J., O’Connell, S.B., DelViscio, J., Dean, W., Carriquiry, J., Marchitto, T., Zheng, Y., and VanGeen, A., 2004, Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y: Geology, v. 32, no. 6, p. 521-524, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20234.1.","startPage":"521","endPage":"524","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208457,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20234.1"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a096fe4b0c8380cd51eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, J.D.","contributorId":37932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, S. B.","contributorId":72674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DelViscio, J.","contributorId":45592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelViscio","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carriquiry, J.D.","contributorId":51949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carriquiry","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marchitto, T.","contributorId":12752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchitto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zheng, Yen","contributorId":80842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026648,"text":"70026648 - 2004 - Efficacy of single calfhood vaccination of elk with Brucella abortus strain 19","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026648","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of single calfhood vaccination of elk with Brucella abortus strain 19","docAbstract":"Brucellosis has been eradicated from cattle in the states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, USA. However, free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) that use feedgrounds in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) and bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks still have high seroprevalence to the disease and have caused loss of brucellosis-free status in Wyoming. Management tools to control or eliminate the disease are limited; however, wildlife vaccination is among the methods currently used by wildlife managers in Wyoming. We conducted a controlled challenge study of single calfhood vaccination. Elk calves, caught in January and February of 1999 and 2000 and acclimated to captivity for 3 weeks, were randomly assigned to control or vaccinate groups. The vaccinate groups received Brucetta abortus vaccine strain 19 (S19) by hand-delivered intramuscular injection. Calves were raised to adulthood and bred at either 2.5 or 3.5 years of age for 2000 and 1999 captures, respectively. Eighty-nine (44 controls, 45 vaccinates) pregnant elk entered the challenge portion of the study. We challenged elk at mid-gestation with pathogenic B. abortus strain 2308 by intraconjunctival instillation. Abortion occurred in significantly more (P = 0.002) controls (42; 93%) than vaccinates (32; 71%), and vaccine protected 25% of the vaccinate group. We used Brucella culture of fetus/calf tissues to determine the efficacy of vaccination for preventing infection, and we found that the number of infected fetuses/calves did not differ between controls and vaccinates (P = 0.14). Based on these data, single calfhood vaccination with S19 has low efficacy, will likely have only little to moderate effect on Brucella prevalence in elk, and is unlikely to eradicate the disease in wildlife of the GYA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0830:EOSCVO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Roffe, T., Jones, L., Coffin, K., Drew, M., Sweeney, S., Hagius, S., Elzer, P., and Davis, D., 2004, Efficacy of single calfhood vaccination of elk with Brucella abortus strain 19: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 4, p. 830-836, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0830:EOSCVO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"830","endPage":"836","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208433,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0830:EOSCVO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0863e4b0c8380cd51ad1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roffe, T.J.","contributorId":22279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, L.C.","contributorId":87339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffin, K.","contributorId":26483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drew, M.L.","contributorId":77712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sweeney, Steven J.","contributorId":31159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hagius, S.D.","contributorId":80468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagius","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elzer, P.H.","contributorId":18538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elzer","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026647,"text":"70026647 - 2004 - Red spruce dynamics in an old southern Appalachian forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-28T16:31:59.945075","indexId":"70026647","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2571,"text":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Red spruce dynamics in an old southern Appalachian forest","docAbstract":"By the late 1980s the composition and structure of forest stands in the southern Appalachian spruce-fir zone were altered by insect infestations to Fraser fir. The response of red spruce, the sole remaining coniferous forest dominant, to this disturbance was followed over twenty years (1983-2003) in an old spruce-fir forest at Mt. Collins, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Although diameter growth of canopy red spruce (>30 cm dbh) at six plot sites was considerable (mean 10-yr increment 2.1 cm; 1993-2003), red spruce mortality increased sharply (mean 4% yr-1; 1993-2003). Wind-related mortality of canopy red spruce was substantial after the loss of Fraser fir from the canopy circa 1985 (>70% of the dead spruce had broken or uprooted boles; 1983-2003). Wind damage to red spruce was observed at most plot sites, but it was most pronounced on exposed topographic positions, where canopy gap expansion was extensive. The elevated mortality of red spruce at Mt. Collins was not associated with reduced diameter growth. Altered canopy structure has left large red spruce vulnerable to high winds. With the loss of canopy fir and the subsequent increase in mortality of canopy spruce, total live basal area has declined to about half of its pre-disturbance level.","language":"English","publisher":"JSTOR","doi":"10.2307/4126939","usgsCitation":"Busing, R.T., 2004, Red spruce dynamics in an old southern Appalachian forest: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, v. 131, no. 4, p. 337-342, https://doi.org/10.2307/4126939.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.836669921875,\n              35.39800594715108\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.177490234375,\n              35.39800594715108\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.177490234375,\n              35.7019167328534\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.836669921875,\n              35.7019167328534\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.836669921875,\n              35.39800594715108\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a381e4b0e8fec6cdb8c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busing, R. T.","contributorId":72162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busing","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026646,"text":"70026646 - 2004 - Divergence among barking frogs (<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>) in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T11:49:37","indexId":"70026646","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Divergence among barking frogs (<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>) in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Barking frogs (<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>) are distributed from southern Mexico along the Sierra Madre Occidental into Arizona and the Sierra Madre Oriental into Texas and New Mexico. Barking frogs in Arizona and most of Texas live in rocky areas in oak woodland, while those in New Mexico and far western Texas live in rodent burrows in desertscrub. Barking frogs in each of the three states have distinct coloration and differ in sexually dimorphic characters, female vocalization, and skin toxicity. We analyzed advertisement call variation and conducted a phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA sequences (ND2 and tRNA regions) for barking frogs from these three states. Advertisement calls of frogs from Arizona were significantly longer in duration, higher in frequency, and had longer duration pulses than those of frogs from either New Mexico or Texas; frogs from these latter two sites were indistinguishable in these call variables. Phylogenetic analysis showed deep divisions among barking frogs from the three states. Differences in call structure, coloration, and mitochondrial DNA sequences strongly suggest that barking frogs in Arizona are reproductively isolated from those in New Mexico and Texas. Our results indicate that either northern populations are connected via gene flow through southern Mexico (i.e., they are subspecies as currently recognized), or represent independent lineages as originally described (i.e., western barking frogs, <i>E. cactorum</i> in AZ, and the eastern barking frogs, <i>E. latrans</i> in NM, TX).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Chicago Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1655/03-81","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, C.S., Sullivan, B.K., Malone, J.H., and Schwalbe, C.R., 2004, Divergence among barking frogs (<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>) in the southwestern United States: Herpetologica, v. 60, no. 3, p. 312-320, https://doi.org/10.1655/03-81.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.87695312499999,\n              34.125447565116126\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.404296875,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.1513671875,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.0634765625,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.095703125,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0517578125,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.1162109375,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.99414062499999,\n              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K.","contributorId":177225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malone, John H.","contributorId":177226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12734,"text":"University of Texas at Arlington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwalbe, Cecil R. cschwalbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"Cecil","email":"cschwalbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026643,"text":"70026643 - 2004 - Density and habitat associations of Barred Owls at the edge of their range in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026643","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density and habitat associations of Barred Owls at the edge of their range in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"We assessed breeding-pair density and habitat associations of Barred Owls (Strix varia) at the edge of their range in north-central Oklahoma in 1995-1996. We played taped calls of Barred Owls to solicit and record responses (visual and auditory) and thereby determine density in our 1155-ha study area. Numbers of owls ranged from 7 pairs in 1995 to 11 pairs in 1996, or 1 Barred Owl pair/105-165 ha in a relatively contiguous bottomland forest. To assess habitat associations, we overlaid core areas of owl activity, as inferred from the locations of Barred Owl responses, on aerial photographs and quantified habitats in a 0.65-km2 cell surrounding owl core areas. Barred owl pairs were associated with closed-canopy forest (62.8%), fallow agricultural fields (10.6%), water (8.1%), and treeless (open) areas (6.2%), which differed from single owls (presumed nonbreeders) that showed a greater affinity for open-canopy forest and agricultural fields.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Winton, B.R., and Leslie, D., 2004, Density and habitat associations of Barred Owls at the edge of their range in Oklahoma: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 3, no. 3, p. 475-482.","startPage":"475","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fea1e4b0c8380cd4ee30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, Brian R.","contributorId":87493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026642,"text":"70026642 - 2004 - Contaminant trends in reservoir sediment cores as records of influent stream quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026642","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant trends in reservoir sediment cores as records of influent stream quality","docAbstract":"When reconstructing water-quality histories from lake and reservoir cores, it is sometimes assumed that the chemical signatures in the cores reflect historical water quality in the influent streams. To investigate this assumption, concentrations of metals, PAHs, and organochlorine compounds in sediment cores were compared to those associated with an influent-stream suspended sediment for three reservoirs in Fort Worth, TX, and two reservoirs in Boston, MA, U.S.A., and interpreted in light of land-use and regulation histories. In evaluating relations between suspended sediments and cores, three levels of preservation were indicated: (1) influent concentrations and historical trends are preserved in cores (metals at all sites; some organic contaminants at some sites); (2) some loss occurs during transport and initial deposition but relative historical trends are preserved in cores (some organic contaminants at some sites); and (3) neither stream concentrations nor relative historical trends are preserved (dieldrin and p,p???-DDT). The degree of preservation of influent concentration histories varied between lakes, particularly for PAHs. The results support the use of sediment cores to infer streamwater-quality histories for many contaminants but indicate that reservoir-bottom sediment samples might underestimate concentrations of organic contaminants in some streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es049859x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 2004, Contaminant trends in reservoir sediment cores as records of influent stream quality: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 11, p. 2978-2986, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049859x.","startPage":"2978","endPage":"2986","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049859x"},{"id":234098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa3ae4b0c8380cd4d9c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026640,"text":"70026640 - 2004 - Effects of an insecticide on amphibians in large-scale experimental ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-29T15:47:29.338005","indexId":"70026640","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an insecticide on amphibians in large-scale experimental ponds","docAbstract":"<p>We examined the effects of the insecticide carbaryl on larval amphibian communities in large-scale experimental ponds. Tadpoles of two anurans, Woodhouse's toad (<i>Bufo woodhousii</i>) and southern leopard Frog (<i>Rana sphenocephala</i>), were reared in ponds (800 m<sup>3</sup> volume) to determine the effects of tadpole density and carbaryl exposure on mass at metamorphosis and on time and survival to metamorphosis. Exposure to carbaryl significantly affected toads at metamorphosis, but not leopard frogs. Carbaryl exposure nearly doubled toad survival compared to controls; this effect may be attributable to an indirect effect of earbaryl increasing algal food resources. The competitive environment (i.e., density) and carbaryl exposure significantly affected the trade-off between mass and time to metamorphosis for toads. Our study is the first to demonstrate that in pond communities where predation and competition may be strong, short-lived insecticides can significantly alter the community dynamics of amphibians.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/02-5308","usgsCitation":"Boone, M., Semlitsch, R.D., Fairchild, J., and Rothermel, B., 2004, Effects of an insecticide on amphibians in large-scale experimental ponds: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 3, p. 685-691, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5308.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"691","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Missouri","state":"Boone County, Callaway County","city":"Columbia, Jefferson City","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.966552734375,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.966552734375,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0689e4b0c8380cd512c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, M.D.","contributorId":31157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rothermel, B.B.","contributorId":67251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothermel","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026639,"text":"70026639 - 2004 - Modern sediment yield compared to geologic rates of sediment production in a semi-arid basin, New Mexico: Assessing the human impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026639","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern sediment yield compared to geologic rates of sediment production in a semi-arid basin, New Mexico: Assessing the human impact","docAbstract":"In the semi-arid Arroyo Chavez basin of New Mexico, a 2.28 km2 sub-basin of the Rio Puerco, we contrasted short-term rates (3 years) of sediment yield measured with sediment traps and dams with long-term, geologic rates (???10 000 years) of sediment production measured using 10Be. Examination of erosion rates at different time-scales provides the opportunity to contrast the human impact on erosion with background or geologic rates of sediment production. Arroyo Chavez is grazed and we were interested in whether differences in erosion rates observed at the two time-scales are due to grazing. The geologic rate of sediment production, 0-27 kg m-2 a -1 is similar to the modern sediment yields measured for geomorphic surfaces including colluvial slopes, gently sloping hillslopes, and the mesa top which ranged from 0.12 to 1.03 kg m -2 a-1. The differences between modern sediment yield and geologic rates of sediment production were most noticeable for the alluvial valley floor, which had modern sediment yields as high as 3.35 kg m-2 a-1. The hydraulic state of the arroyo determines whether the alluvial valley floor is aggrading or degrading. Arroyo Chavez is incised and the alluvial valley floor is gullied and piped and is a source of sediment. The alluvial valley floor is also the portion of the basin most modified by human disturbance including grazing and gas pipeline activity, both of which serve to increase erosion rates. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1098","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., Pavich, M., Bierman, P., Clapp, E., Ellevein, A., and Aby, S., 2004, Modern sediment yield compared to geologic rates of sediment production in a semi-arid basin, New Mexico: Assessing the human impact: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 29, no. 11, p. 1359-1372, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1098.","startPage":"1359","endPage":"1372","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1098"},{"id":234061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c9de4b0c8380cd6fe13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, A. C.","contributorId":99590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bierman, P.R.","contributorId":49145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierman","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clapp, E.M.","contributorId":11805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellevein, A.","contributorId":35101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellevein","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aby, S.","contributorId":18148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aby","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026638,"text":"70026638 - 2004 - An exact solution for effects of topography on free Rayleigh waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026638","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exact solution for effects of topography on free Rayleigh waves","docAbstract":"An exact solution for the effects of topography on Rayleigh wave amplification is presented. The solution is obtained by incorporating conformal mapping into complex-variable stress functions developed for free Rayleigh wave propagation in an elastic half-space with a flat upper surface. Results are presented for free Rayleigh wave propagation across isolated symmetric ridges and valleys. It is found for wavelengths that are comparable to ridge widths that horizontal Rayleigh wave amplitudes are amplified at ridge crests and that vertical amplitudes are strongly reduced near ridge crests relative to horizontal and vertical amplitudes of free Rayleigh waves in the flat case. Horizontal amplitudes are strongly deamplified at valley bottoms relative to those for the flat case for Rayleigh wavelengths comparable to valley widths. Wave amplitudes in the symmetric ridges and valleys asymptotically approach those for the flat case with increased wavelengths, increased ridge and valley widths, and with horizontal distance from and depth below the isolated ridges and valleys. Also, prograde particle motion is predicted near crests of narrow ridges and near the bottoms of narrow valleys. Finally, application of the theory at two sites known for topographic wave amplification gives a predicted surface wave amplification ratio of 3.80 at the ridge center for a frequency of 1.0 Hz at Robinwood Ridge in northern California and a predicted surface wave amplification ratio of 1.67 at the ridge center for the same frequency at the Cedar Hill Nursery site at Tarzana in southern California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/012003200","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Savage, W.Z., 2004, An exact solution for effects of topography on free Rayleigh waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1706-1727, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003200.","startPage":"1706","endPage":"1727","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/012003200"},{"id":234026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea5ee4b0c8380cd487f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026637,"text":"70026637 - 2004 - Evaluation of nekton use and habitat characteristics of restored Louisiana marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026637","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of nekton use and habitat characteristics of restored Louisiana marsh","docAbstract":"Marsh terracing and coconut fiber mats are two wetland restoration techniques implemented at Sabine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, USA. Using nekton as an indicator of habitat quality, nekton community assemblages were compared between terraced, coconut-matted, unmanaged marsh (restoration goal), and open water (pre-restoration) habitats. Using a throw trap and a 3 m ?? 2 m straight seine, 192 nekton samples were collected over four dates in 2001 and 2002 at all habitats. Nekton abundance was similar at unmanaged marsh (restoration goal), coconut mat, and terrace edge, and significantly higher than at open water (pre-restoration) sites (P < 0.05). Coconut-matted habitat and unmanaged marsh edges had significantly higher numbers of benthic dependent species than terrace edges (P < 0.05), potentially because of differences in substrate. Terraced sites had lower organic matter and siltier substrate as compared to unmanaged marsh sites. At Sabine NWR, terracing increased nekton use as compared to pre-restoration conditions (open water samples) by providing marsh edge habitat, but failed to support a nekton community similar to unmanaged marsh (restoration goals) or coconut-matted sites. Future restoration projects may evaluate the combined use of coconut mats with terracing projects in order to enhance habitat for benthic dependent nekton.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.06.012","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Thom, C., Peyre, M., and Nyman, J., 2004, Evaluation of nekton use and habitat characteristics of restored Louisiana marsh: Ecological Engineering, v. 23, no. 2, p. 63-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.06.012.","startPage":"63","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208344,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.06.012"},{"id":234025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ca0e4b0c8380cd52c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thom, C.S.B.","contributorId":24964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thom","given":"C.S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peyre, M.K.G.L.","contributorId":41627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peyre","given":"M.K.G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyman, J.A.","contributorId":56835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026635,"text":"70026635 - 2004 - Pyroclastic flow hazard at Volcán Citlaltépetl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:21:25","indexId":"70026635","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyroclastic flow hazard at Volcán Citlaltépetl","docAbstract":"<p><span>Volc&aacute;n Citlalt&eacute;petl (Pico de Orizaba) with an elevation of 5,675 m is the highest volcano in North America. Its most recent catastrophic events involved the production of pyroclastic flows that erupted approximately 4,000, 8,500, and 13,000 years ago. The distribution of mapped deposits from these eruptions gives an approximate guide to the extent of products from potential future eruptions. Because the topography of this volcano is constantly changing computer simulations were made on the present topography using three computer algorithms: energy cone, FLOW2D, and FLOW3D. The Heim Coefficient (&mu;), used as a code parameter for frictional sliding in all our algorithms, is the ratio of the assumed drop in elevation (H) divided by the lateral extent of the mapped deposits (L). The viscosity parameter for the FLOW2D and FLOW3D codes was adjusted so that the paths of the flows mimicked those inferred from the mapped deposits. We modeled two categories of pyroclastic flows modeled for the level I and level II events. Level I pyroclastic flows correspond to small but more frequent block-and-ash flows that remain on the main cone. Level II flows correspond to more widespread flows from catastrophic eruptions with an approximate 4,000-year repose period. We developed hazard maps from simulations based on a National Imagery and Mapping Agency (</span><a class=\"reference-link webtrekk-track\" href=\"http://link.springer.com/search?dc.title=NIMA&amp;facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&amp;sortOrder=relevance\">NIMA</a><span>) DTED-1 DEM with a 90 m grid and a vertical accuracy of &plusmn;30 m. Because realistic visualization is an important aid to understanding the risks related to volcanic hazards we present the DEM as modeled by FLOW3D. The model shows that the pyroclastic flows extend for much greater distances to the east of the volcano summit where the topographic relief is nearly 4,300 m. This study was used to plot hazard zones for pyroclastic flows in the official hazard map that was published recently.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000037028.89829.d1","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Sheridan, M.F., Hubbard, B.E., Carrasco-Nunez, G., and Siebe, C., 2004, Pyroclastic flow hazard at Volcán Citlaltépetl: Natural Hazards, v. 33, no. 2, p. 209-221, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000037028.89829.d1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"221","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000037028.89829.d1"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a905be4b0c8380cd7fcb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheridan, Michael F.","contributorId":59413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo","contributorId":44714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasco-Nunez","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siebe, Claus","contributorId":24121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siebe","given":"Claus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026634,"text":"70026634 - 2004 - Effects of particulate carbonaceous matter on the bioavailability of benzo[a]pyrene and 2,2‘,5,5‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl to the clam, <i>Macoma balthica</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T13:58:37","indexId":"70026634","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of particulate carbonaceous matter on the bioavailability of benzo[a]pyrene and 2,2‘,5,5‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl to the clam, <i>Macoma balthica</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated the bioavailability via diet of spiked benzo[</span><i>a</i><span>]pyrene (BaP) and 2,2&lsquo;,5,5&lsquo;-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-52) from different carbonaceous (non-carbonate, carbon containing) particle types to clams (</span><i>Macoma balthica</i><span>) collected from San Francisco Bay. Our results reveal significant differences in absorption efficiency between compounds and among carbonaceous particle types. Absorption efficiency for PCB-52 was always greater than that for BaP bound to a given particle type. Among particles, absorption efficiency was highest from wood and diatoms and lowest from activated carbon. Large differences in absorption efficiency could not be simply explained by comparatively small differences in the particles' total organic carbon content. BaP and PCB-52 bound to activated carbon exhibited less than 2% absorption efficiency and were up to 60 times less available to clams than the same contaminants associated with other types of carbonaceous matter. These results suggest that variations in the amount and type of sediment particulate carbonaceous matter, whether naturally occurring or added as an amendment, will have a strong influence on the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants. This has important implications for environmental risk assessment, sediment management, and development of novel remediation techniques.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es049893b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McLeod, P.B., van den Heuvel-Greve, M.J., Allen-King, R., Luoma, S.N., and Luthy, R.G., 2004, Effects of particulate carbonaceous matter on the bioavailability of benzo[a]pyrene and 2,2‘,5,5‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl to the clam, <i>Macoma balthica</i>: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 17, p. 4549-4556, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049893b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4549","endPage":"4556","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049893b"}],"volume":"38","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a077ae4b0c8380cd516fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLeod, Pamela B.","contributorId":76913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLeod","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van den Heuvel-Greve, Martine J.","contributorId":60822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Heuvel-Greve","given":"Martine","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen-King, Richelle M.","contributorId":30009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen-King","given":"Richelle M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luthy, Richard G.","contributorId":99280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026633,"text":"70026633 - 2004 - Effects of behavioral and morphological plasticity on risk of predation in a Neotropical tadpole","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026633","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of behavioral and morphological plasticity on risk of predation in a Neotropical tadpole","docAbstract":"Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity is widespread among aquatic animals, however the relative contributions of behavioral and morphological shifts to reducing risk of predation remain uncertain. We tested the phenotypic plasticity of a Neotropical tadpole (Rana palmipes) in response to chemical cues from predatory Belostoma water bugs, and how phenotype affects risk of predation. Behavior, morphology, and pigmentation all were plastic, resulting in a predator-induced phenotype with lower activity, deeper tail fin and muscle, and darker pigmentation. Tadpoles in the predator cue treatment also grew more rapidly, possibly as a result of the nutrient subsidy from feeding the caged predator. For comparison to phenotypes induced in the experiment, we quantified the phenotype of tadpoles from a natural pool. Wildcaught tadpoles did not match either experimentally induced phenotype; their morphology was more similar to that produced in the control treatment, but their low swimming activity was similar to that induced by predator cues. Exposure of tadpoles from both experimental treatments and the natural pool to a free-ranging predator confirmed that predator-induced phenotypic plasticity reduces risk of predation. Risk of predation was comparable among wild-caught and predator-induced tadpoles, indicating that behavioral shifts can substantially alleviate risk in tadpoles that lack the typical suite of predator-induced morphological traits. The morphology observed in wild-caught tadpoles is associated with rapid growth and high competition in other tadpole species, suggesting that tadpoles may profitably combine a morphology suited to competition for food with behaviors that minimize risk of predation. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-004-1652-x","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"McIntyre, P., Baldwin, S., and Flecker, A., 2004, Effects of behavioral and morphological plasticity on risk of predation in a Neotropical tadpole: Oecologia, v. 141, no. 1, p. 130-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1652-x.","startPage":"130","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208298,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1652-x"},{"id":233951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0696e4b0c8380cd51304","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntyre, P.B.","contributorId":30738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldwin, S.","contributorId":33254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flecker, A.S.","contributorId":24139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flecker","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026632,"text":"70026632 - 2004 - Ad Duwayhi, Saudi Arabia: Geology and geochronology of a neoproterozoic intrusion-related gold system in the Arabian shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T12:14:02","indexId":"70026632","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ad Duwayhi, Saudi Arabia: Geology and geochronology of a neoproterozoic intrusion-related gold system in the Arabian shield","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The Ad Duwayhi gold deposit, located in the east-central part of the Arabian shield, is the newest gold discovery in Saudi Arabia. Exploration to date has identified a gold resource of greater than 1 million ounces (oz) with significant potential for expansion. Gold mineralization was closely associated, in time and space, with emplacement of a late- to postorogenic, intracrustal, northwest-oriented granite body (659 &plusmn; 7 Ma) and comagmatic square quartz porphyry (646 &plusmn; 11 Ma), a hypabyssal and perhaps younger phase of the granite.</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Mineralization was largely confined to northeast-striking, southeast-dipping fault zones. Hydrothermal alteration consisted of early biotitic alteration overprinted by sericitic alteration. Sericitic alteration was coincident with gold mineralization and produced a quartz-sericite-carbonate-pyrite-rutile mineral assemblage, found both as vein fill and wall-rock alteration products. Mineralization styles, in the following general paragenetic sequence, include (1) quartz-molybdenite veins in and near the granite stock, (2) low-grade gold-bearing quartz vein breccia in and along the margins of the granite stock, (3) gold-bearing stockwork and sheeted quartz veins, and (4) massive to banded gold-rich tabular quartz veins. The gold-bearing stockwork, sheeted, and tabular veins are generally spatially associated with square quartz porphyry dikes and more distal to the granite stock. Mineralized zones at Ad Duwayhi are characterized by low sulfide and base metal content and gold/silver ratios of approximately 6/1. Gold shows no significant correlation with other metals, except lead, and moderate correlation with silver.</p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">Re-Os dating of molybdenite from a quartz-molybdenite vein and a tabular quartz vein with cogenetic gold produced robust ages of 655.6 &plusmn; 2.7 and 649.9 &plusmn; 2.3 Ma, respectively, documenting that gold mineralization and crystallization of granite and square quartz porphyry were, within uncertainty, coeval events. This age correlation combined with granite textural features, the presence of unidirectional solidification textures in granite and square quartz porphyry, and the nature and time-space distribution of mineralization styles, all indicate that mineralization evolved in and near the interface between a crystallizing magma and the surrounding rocks and, thus, is consistent with an intrusion-related genesis.</p>\n<p id=\"p-4\">In light of our findings at Ad Duwayhi, a reassessment of similar intrusion-hosted deposits in the Arabian shield is warranted, and areas of late- to postorogenic plutonism, particularly in the Afif composite terrane, should be considered prospective for intrusion-related gold systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Economic Geology Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/99.4.713","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Doebrich, J.L., Zahony, S., Leavitt, J., Portacio, J., Siddiqui, A., Wooden, J., Fleck, R.J., and Stein, H., 2004, Ad Duwayhi, Saudi Arabia: Geology and geochronology of a neoproterozoic intrusion-related gold system in the Arabian shield: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 713-741, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.4.713.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              23\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              23\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              20\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6dfe4b0c8380cd476b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doebrich, Jeff L. 0009-0009-3427-0985 jdoebric@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3427-0985","contributorId":288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doebrich","given":"Jeff","email":"jdoebric@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zahony, S.G.","contributorId":31951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zahony","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavitt, J.D.","contributorId":14163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavitt","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Portacio, J.S. Jr.","contributorId":67264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portacio","given":"J.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siddiqui, A.A.","contributorId":89694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siddiqui","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stein, Holly J.","contributorId":46959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Holly J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026631,"text":"70026631 - 2004 - Using larval trematodes that parasitize snails to evaluate a saltmarsh restoration project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T13:26:30","indexId":"70026631","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using larval trematodes that parasitize snails to evaluate a saltmarsh restoration project","docAbstract":"We conducted a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) study using larval digeneans infecting the California horn snail, Cerithidea californica, to evaluate the success of an ecological restoration project at Carpinteria Salt Marsh in California, USA. Digenean trematodes are parasites with complex life cycles requiring birds and other vertebrates as final hosts. We tested two hypotheses for prevalence and species richness of larval trematodes in C. californica: (1) prior to the restoration, sites to be restored would have lower trematode prevalence and species richness relative to unimpacted control sites, and (2) that these differences would diminish after restoration. The sites to be restored were initially degraded for trematode species. They had a mean trematode prevalence (12%) and species richness (4.5 species) that were lower than control sites (28% trematode prevalence and 7 species). Despite the differences in prevalence, the proportional representation of each trematode species in the total community was similar between sites to be restored and control sites. Over the six years following restoration, trematode prevalence nearly quadrupled at restored sites (43%) while the prevalence at control sites (26%) remained unchanged. In addition, species richness at restored sites doubled (9 species), while species richness at the control sites (7.8 species) did not change. Immediately after restoration, the relative abundance of trematode species using fishes as second intermediate hosts declined while those using molluscs as second intermediate hosts increased. Trematode communities at restored and control sites gradually returned to being similar. We interpret the increase in trematode prevalence and species richness at restored sites to be a direct consequence of changes in bird use of the restored habitat. This study demonstrates a new comparative technique for assessing wetlands, and while it does not supplant biotic surveys, it informs such taxonomic lists. Most importantly, it provides a synthetic quantification of the linkages among species in wetland food webs.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/01-5346","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Huspeni, T.C., and Lafferty, K.D., 2004, Using larval trematodes that parasitize snails to evaluate a saltmarsh restoration project: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 3, p. 795-804, https://doi.org/10.1890/01-5346.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"804","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc064e4b08c986b32a0d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huspeni, Todd C.","contributorId":174948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huspeni","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026630,"text":"70026630 - 2004 - Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T18:35:43","indexId":"70026630","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance","docAbstract":"<p>A new method has been developed for quantifying smectite abundance by sorbing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on smectite particles dispersed in aqueous solution. The sorption density of PVP-55K on a wide range of smectites, illites and kaolinites is ~0.99 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, which corresponds to ~0.72 g of PVP-55K per gram of montmorillonite. Polyvinylpyrrolidone sorption on smectites is independent of layer charge and solution pH. PVP sorption on SiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO normalized to the BET surface area is similar to the sorption densities on smectites. γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, amorphous Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> and gibbsite have no PVP sorption over a wide range of pH, and sorption of PVP by organics is minimal. The insensitivity of PVP sorption densities to mineral layer charge, solution pH and mineral surface charge indicates that PVP sorption is not localized at charged sites, but is controlled by more broadly distributed sorption mechanisms such as Van der Waals’ interactions and/or hydrogen bonding. Smectites have very large surface areas when dispersed as single unit-cell-thick particles (~725 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and usually dominate the total surface areas of natural samples in which smectites are present. In this case, smectite abundance is directly proportional to PVP sorption. In some cases, however, the accurate quantification of smectite abundance by PVP sorption may require minor corrections for PVP uptake by other phases, principally illite and kaolinite. Quantitative XRD can be combined with PVP uptake measurements to uniquely determine the smectite concentration in such samples.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520505","usgsCitation":"Blum, A., and Eberl, D.D., 2004, Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 52, no. 5, p. 589-602, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520505.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"602","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52f8e4b0c8380cd6c7bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}