{"pageNumber":"2713","pageRowStart":"67800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026285,"text":"70026285 - 2004 - Comparisons of ground motions from five aftershocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake with empirical predictions largely based on data from California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026285","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of ground motions from five aftershocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake with empirical predictions largely based on data from California","docAbstract":"The observed ground motions from five large aftershocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake are compared with predictions from four equations based primarily on data from California. The four equations for active tectonic regions are those developed by Abrahamson and Silva (1997), Boore et al. (1997), Campbell (1997, 2001), and Sadigh et al. (1997). Comparisons are made for horizontal-component peak ground accelerations and 5%-damped pseudoacceleration response spectra at periods between 0.02 sec and 5 sec. The observed motions are in reasonable agreement with the predictions, particularly for distances from 10 to 30 km. This is in marked contrast to the motions from the Chi-Chi mainshock, which are much lower than the predicted motions for periods less than about 1 sec. The results indicate that the low motions in the mainshock are not due to unusual, localized absorption of seismic energy, because waves from the mainshock and the aftershocks generally traverse the same section of the crust and are recorded at the same stations. The aftershock motions at distances of 30-60 km are somewhat lower than the predictions (but not nearly by as small a factor as those for the mainshock), suggesting that the ground motion attenuates more rapidly in this region of Taiwan than it does in the areas we compare with it. We provide equations for the regional attenuation of response spectra, which show increasing decay of motion with distance for decreasing oscillator periods. This observational study also demonstrates that ground motions have large earthquake-location-dependent variability for a specific site. This variability reduces the accuracy with which an earthquake-specific prediction of site response can be predicted. Online Material: PGAs and PSAs from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and five aftershocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030237","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wang, G., Boore, D., Igel, H., and Zhou, X., 2004, Comparisons of ground motions from five aftershocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake with empirical predictions largely based on data from California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6, p. 2198-2212, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030237.","startPage":"2198","endPage":"2212","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208365,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030237"},{"id":234075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c2e4b0c8380cd4d29f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, G.-Q.","contributorId":80046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.-Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Igel, H.","contributorId":66798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igel","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, X.-Y.","contributorId":83712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"X.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026295,"text":"70026295 - 2004 - Earthquake triggering at Alaskan volcanoes following the 3 November 2002 Denali fault earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T11:31:23.940861","indexId":"70026295","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake triggering at Alaskan volcanoes following the 3 November 2002 Denali fault earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>The 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake provided an excellent opportunity to investigate triggered earthquakes at Alaskan volcanoes. The Alaska Volcano Observatory operates short-period seismic networks on 24 historically active volcanoes in Alaska, 247-2159 km distant from the mainshock epicenter. We searched for evidence of triggered seismicity by examining the unfiltered waveforms for all stations in each volcano network for <span>∼</span>1 hr after the Mw 7.9 arrival time at each network and for significant increases in located earthquakes in the hours after the mainshock. We found compelling evidence for triggering only at the Katmai volcanic cluster (KVC, 720-755 km southwest of the epicenter), where small earthquakes with distinct P and 5 arrivals appeared within the mainshock coda at one station and a small increase in located earthquakes occurred for several hours after the mainshock. Peak dynamic stresses of <span>∼0.1 MPa</span> at Augustine Volcano (560 km southwest of the epicenter) are significantly lower than those recorded in Yellowstone and Utah (&gt;3000 km southeast of the epicenter), suggesting that strong directivity effects were at least partly responsible for the lack of triggering at Alaskan volcanoes. We describe other incidents of earthquake-induced triggering in the KVC, and outline a qualitative magnitude/distance-dependent triggering threshold. We argue that triggering results from the perturbation of magmatic-hydrothermal systems in the KVC and suggest that the comparative lack of triggering at other Alaskan volcanoes could be a result of differences in the nature of magmatic-hydrothermal systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040608","usgsCitation":"Moran, S., Power, J., Stihler, S., Sanchez, J., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2004, Earthquake triggering at Alaskan volcanoes following the 3 November 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. 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S.C. 0000-0001-7308-9649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":78896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stihler, S.D.","contributorId":42616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanchez, J.J.","contributorId":39168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, J.","contributorId":7057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026289,"text":"70026289 - 2004 - 40Ar/39Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: Summit flows, tephra, and caldera collapse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026289","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: Summit flows, tephra, and caldera collapse","docAbstract":"Eruptive activity has occurred in the summit region of Mount Erebus over the last 95 ky, and has included numerous lava flows and small explosive eruptions, at least one plinian eruption, and at least one and probably two caldera-forming events. Furnace and laser step-heating 40Ar/39Ar ages have been determined for 16 summit lava flows and three englacial tephra layers erupted from Mount Erebus. The summit region is composed of at least one or possibly two superimposed calderas that have been filled by post-caldera lava flows ranging in age from 17 ?? 8 to 1 ?? 5 ka. Dated pre-caldera summit flows display two age populations at 95 ?? 9 to 76 ?? 4 ka and 27 ?? 3 to 21 ??4 ka of samples with tephriphonolite and phonolite compositions, respectively. A caldera-collapse event occurred between 25 and 11 ka. An older caldera-collapse event is likely to have occurred between 80 and 24 ka. Two englacial tephra layers from the flanks of Mount Erebus have been dated at 71 ?? 5 and 15 ?? 4 ka. These layers stratigraphically bracket 14 undated tephra layers, and predate 19 undated tephra layers, indicating that small-scale explosive activity has occurred throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene eruptive history of Mount Erebus. A distal, englacial plinian-fall tephra sample has an age of 39 ?? 6 ka and may have been associated with the older of the two caldera-collapse events. A shift in magma composition from tephriphonolite to phonolite occurred at around 36 ka. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-004-0349-7","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Harpel, C., Kyle, P., Esser, R., McIntosh, W.C., and Caldwell, D., 2004, 40Ar/39Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: Summit flows, tephra, and caldera collapse: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, no. 8, p. 687-702, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-004-0349-7.","startPage":"687","endPage":"702","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-004-0349-7"}],"volume":"66","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e265e4b0c8380cd45b45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harpel, C.J.","contributorId":14159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harpel","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyle, P.R.","contributorId":78476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esser, R.P.","contributorId":58432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIntosh, W. C.","contributorId":68039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caldwell, D.A.","contributorId":54380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026294,"text":"70026294 - 2004 - The Susitna Glacier thrust fault: Characteristics of surface ruptures on the fault that initiated the 2002 Denali fault earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T17:53:17.132543","indexId":"70026294","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Susitna Glacier thrust fault: Characteristics of surface ruptures on the fault that initiated the 2002 Denali fault earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 3 November 2002&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.9 Denali fault earthquake sequence initiated on the newly discovered Susitna Glacier thrust fault and caused 48 km of surface rupture. Rupture of the Susitna Glacier fault generated scarps on ice of the Susitna and West Fork glaciers and on tundra and surficial deposits along the southern front of the central Alaska Range. Based on detailed mapping, 27 topographic profiles, and field observations, we document the characteristics and slip distribution of the 2002 ruptures and describe evidence of pre-2002 ruptures on the fault. The 2002 surface faulting produced structures that range from simple folds on a single trace to complex thrust-fault ruptures and pressure ridges on multiple, sinuous strands. The deformation zone is locally more than 1 km wide. We measured a maximum vertical displacement of 5.4 m on the south-directed main thrust. North-directed backthrusts have more than 4 m of surface offset. We measured a well-constrained near-surface fault dip of about 19° at one site, which is considerably less than seismologically determined values of 35°–48°. Surface-rupture data yield an estimated magnitude of&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.3 for the fault, which is similar to the seismological value of&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.2. Comparison of field and seismological data suggest that the Susitna Glacier fault is part of a large positive flower structure associated with northwest-directed transpressive deformation on the Denali fault. Prehistoric scarps are evidence of previous rupture of the Sustina Glacier fault, but additional work is needed to determine if past failures of the Susitna Glacier fault have consistently induced rupture of the Denali fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040619","usgsCitation":"Crone, A.J., Personius, S., Craw, P.A., Haeussler, P.J., and Staft, L.A., 2004, The Susitna Glacier thrust fault: Characteristics of surface ruptures on the fault that initiated the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S5-S22, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040619.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"S5","endPage":"S22","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Susitna Glacier thrust fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -149,\n              62.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.5,\n              62.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.5,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -149,\n              64\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0dee4b08c986b3250cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craw, P. A.","contributorId":54382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craw","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staft, L. A.","contributorId":20518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staft","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026193,"text":"70026193 - 2004 - Winter growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in experimental raceways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026193","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Winter growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in experimental raceways","docAbstract":"We used experimental raceways to determine overwinter mortality of wild-reared immature and mature post-young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Secondarily, we investigated the effects of differing treatments (velocity and shelter) on winter growth and survival. Overall survival from November to April was 94%, and survival of immature (98%) and mature (90%) parr, although statistically different, was very similar. Immature parr grew more in length than mature parr, and both immature and mature parr in higher velocity (12 cm??s-1) raceways grew more than those in lower velocity (0.6 cm??s-1) raceways. Stomach contents were twofold greater in parr occupying higher velocity raceways than those in lower velocity raceways. Caloric content of immature and mature parr did not differ in any of five monthly samples. Lowest caloric content occurred in early February and increased between February and March when water temperatures were well below those considered optimal for growth. Although ice cover was present, isolating parr from conditions that occur in natural settings may have helped parr achieve nearly 2.5 times greater survival than parr in the wild. Further, whereas previous studies showed parr select habitats to minimize energetic loss, our results show a distinct advantage for parr to expend energy to feed during winter. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f04-212","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Parrish, D., Hawes, E., and Whalen, K., 2004, Winter growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in experimental raceways, <i>in</i> Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 12, p. 2350-2357, https://doi.org/10.1139/f04-212.","startPage":"2350","endPage":"2357","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208844,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-212"},{"id":234892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd150e4b08c986b32f35d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, D.L.","contributorId":15144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawes, E.J.","contributorId":22544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawes","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whalen, K.G.","contributorId":88692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whalen","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026270,"text":"70026270 - 2004 - Winter orographic precipitation ratios in the Sierra Nevada: Large-scale atmospheric circulations and hydrologic consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:04:52","indexId":"70026270","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter orographic precipitation ratios in the Sierra Nevada: Large-scale atmospheric circulations and hydrologic consequences","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>The extent to which winter precipitation is orographically enhanced within the Sierra Nevada of California varies from storm to storm, and season to season, from occasions when precipitation rates at low and high altitudes are almost the same to instances when precipitation rates at middle elevations (considered here) can be as much as 30 times more than at the base of the range. Analyses of large-scale conditions associated with orographic precipitation variations during storms and seasons from 1954 to 1999 show that strongly orographic storms most commonly have winds that transport water vapor across the range from a more nearly westerly direction than during less orographic storms and than during the largest overall storms, and generally the strongly orographic storms are less convectively stable. Strongly orographic conditions often follow heavy precipitation events because both of these wind conditions are present in midlatitude cyclones that form the cores of many Sierra Nevada storms. Storms during La Niña winters tend to yield larger orographic ratios (ORs) than do those during El Niños. A simple experiment with a model of streamflows from a river basin draining the central Sierra Nevada indicates that, for a fixed overall basin-precipitation amount, a decrease in OR contributes to larger winter flood peaks and smaller springtime flows, and thus to an overall hastening of the runoff season.</p></div></div><div class=\"NLM_author-notes\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AMS","doi":"10.1175/JHM-390.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M., Redmond, K., and Cayan, D., 2004, Winter orographic precipitation ratios in the Sierra Nevada: Large-scale atmospheric circulations and hydrologic consequences: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 5, no. 6, p. 1102-1116, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-390.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1102","endPage":"1116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478192,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-390.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-390.1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd158e4b08c986b32f396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redmond, K.","contributorId":48355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redmond","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178206,"text":"70178206 - 2004 - Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc in fish from the Mississippi River Basin, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T13:26:58","indexId":"70178206","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc in fish from the Mississippi River Basin, 1995","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations and 12 National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations in the Mississippi River basin (MRB), and in late 1996 from a reference site in West Virginia. The NCBP sites represented key points (dams, tributaries, etc.) in the largest rivers of the MRB. The NAWQA sites were typically on smaller rivers and were selected to represent dominant land uses in their watersheds. The West Virginia site, which is in an Eastern U.S. watershed adjacent to the MRB, was selected to document elemental concentrations in fish used for other aspects of a larger study and to provide additional contemporaneous data on background elemental concentrations. At each site four samples, each comprising (nominally) 10 adult common carp (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cyprinus carpio</i><span>, `carp') or black bass (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Micropterus</i><span> spp., `bass') of the same sex, were collected. The whole fish were composited by station, species, and gender for analysis of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and selenium (Se) by atomic absorption spectroscopy and for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) by inductively-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Concentrations of most of the elements examined were lower in both carpand bass from the reference site, a small impoundment located in a rural area, than from the NCBP and NAWQA sites on rivers and larger impoundments. In contrast, there were few overall differences between NCBP sites NAWQA sites. The 1995 results generally confirmed the continued weathering and re-distribution of these elemental contaminants in the MRB; concentrations declined or were unchanged from 1984–1986 to 1995 at most NCBP sites, thus continuing two-decade trends. Exceptions were Se at Station 77 (Arkansas R. at John Martin Reservoir, CO), where concentrations have been elevated historically and increased slightly (to 3.8–4.7 μg g</span><sup>-1</sup><span> in bass and carp); and Pb, Cd, and Zn at Station 67 (Allegheny R. at Natrona, PA), where levels of these metals were high in the past and increased from 1986 to 1995.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:EMAS.0000003594.64248.0a","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., 2004, Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc in fish from the Mississippi River Basin, 1995: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 90, no. 1, p. 289-321, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000003594.64248.0a.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"321","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0dee4b02f1a881de97a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57868,"text":"ds87 - 2004 - Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay: June 1997 to June 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T18:52:14.736763","indexId":"ds87","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87","title":"Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay: June 1997 to June 1998","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents time-series photographs of the sea floor obtained from an instrumented tripod deployed at Site A in western Massachusetts Bay (42° 22.6' N., 70? 47.0' W., 30 m water depth, from June 1997 through June 1998. Site A is approximately 1 km south of an ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay in September 2000. Time-series photographs and oceanographic observations were initiated at Site A in December 1989 and are anticipated to continue to September 2005. This is the first in a series of reports planned to summarize and distribute these images in digital form. The objective of these reports is to enable easy and rapid viewing of the photographs and to provide a medium-resolution digital archive. The images, obtained every 4 hours, are presented as a movie (in .avi format, which may be viewed using an image viewer such as QuickTime or Windows Media Player) and as individual images (.tif format). The images provide time-series observations of changes of the sea floor and near-bottom water properties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds87","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Alexander, P., and Bothner, M., 2004, Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay: June 1997 to June 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 87, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds87.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-06-01","temporalEnd":"1998-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8200,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DS 87"},{"id":184628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0087/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":415279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71133.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.7861,\n              42.3792\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7861,\n              42.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7833,\n              42.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7833,\n              42.3792\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7861,\n              42.3792\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/index.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/index.html\">Woods Hole Science Center</a><br> 384 Woods Hole Road<br> Quissett Campus<br> Woods Hole, MA 02543</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Instrumentation</li><li>Instrument Deployments</li><li>Movie Creation</li><li>Description of Movie Frames</li><li>Play Movies and View Images</li><li>Highlights of Bottom Processes</li><li>Oceanographic Data</li><li>MATLAB Routines</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b65b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, P. Soupy sdalyander@usgs.gov","contributorId":82780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"P. Soupy","email":"sdalyander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70195438,"text":"70195438 - 2004 - Carbon, sulfur, and mercury - A biogeochemical axis of evil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:29:37","indexId":"70195438","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Carbon, sulfur, and mercury - A biogeochemical axis of evil","docAbstract":"<p>I welcome this opportunity to come and preach the gospel according to Aiken, which is that to really understand ecosystems we need to pay much more attention to reactions involving natural organic matter. It's taken me many years to convince my colleagues of the important role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the methylation of mercury. Methylmercury is a nasty player - it's a very efficient bioaccumulator that rockets up through the food chain, so even the very low concentrations (nanograms per liter) found in many ecosystems are significant. In most aquatic environments mercury is atmospherically deposited. Here in the Delta, we also have mercury from naturally occurring deposits, as well as from historic mercury and gold mining, coming in from the upstream watershed. Methylmercury is produced at the sediment-water interface by sulfate-reducing bacteria.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 CALFED Science Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Getting Results: Integrating Science and Management to Achieve System-Level Responses (2004 CALFED Science Conference)","conferenceDate":"October 4-6, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Sacramento, CA","language":"English","publisher":"CALFED Bay-Delta Program","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G.R., 2004, Carbon, sulfur, and mercury - A biogeochemical axis of evil, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2004 CALFED Science Conference, Sacramento, CA, October 4-6, 2004, p. 54-55.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351661,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://science.calwater.ca.gov/events/conferences/conferences_index.html"}],"publicComments":"This publication is part of </i>Section 5: Water Quality.</i>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0689e4b0da30c1bfcdb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170837,"text":"70170837 - 2004 - The role of fungal symbiosis in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:54:45","indexId":"70170837","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2764,"text":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of fungal symbiosis in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>All plants studied in natural ecosystemsare symbiotic with fungi that either resideentirely (endophytes) or partially(mycorrhizae) within plants. Thesesymbioses appear to adapt to biotic andabiotic stresses and may be responsible forthe survival of both plant hosts and fungalsymbionts in high stress habitats. Here wedescribe the role of symbiotic fungi inplant stress tolerance and present astrategy based on adaptive symbiosis topotentially mitigate the impacts of globalchange on plant communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:MITI.0000029922.31110.97","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R.J., Redman, R.S., and Henson, J.M., 2004, The role of fungal symbiosis in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 9, no. 3, p. 261-272, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000029922.31110.97.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"272","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbbbe4b0b13d3919a3d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Russell J.","contributorId":75035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redman, Regina S. 0000-0001-5108-7570","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-7570","contributorId":75829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henson, Joan M.","contributorId":168935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henson","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170835,"text":"70170835 - 2004 - Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) collected from the northern portion of Puget Sound, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:29:53","indexId":"70170835","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) collected from the northern portion of Puget Sound, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The initial characterization of a rhabdovirus isolated from a single, asymptomatic starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) collected during a viral survey of marine fishes from the northern portion of Puget Sound, Washington, USA, is reported. Virions were bullet-shaped and approximately 100 nm long and 50 nm wide, contained a lipid envelope, remained stable for at least 14 days at temperatures ranging from -80 to 5 degrees C and grew optimally at 15 degrees C in cultures of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. The cytopathic effect on EPC cell monolayers was characterized by raised foci containing rounded masses of cells. Pyknotic and dark-staining nuclei that also showed signs of karyorrhexis were observed following haematoxylin and eosin, May-Grunwald Giemsa and acridine orange staining. PAGE of the structural proteins and PCR assays using primers specific for other known fish rhabdoviruses, including Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Spring viremia of carp virus, and Hirame rhabdovirus, indicated that the new virus, tentatively termed starry flounder rhabdovirus (SFRV), was previously undescribed in marine fishes from this region. In addition, sequence analysis of 2678 nt of the amino portion of the viral polymerase gene indicated that SFRV was genetically distinct from other members of the family Rhabdoviridae for which sequence data are available. Detection of this virus during a limited viral survey of wild fishes emphasizes the void of knowledge regarding the diversity of viruses that naturally infect marine fish species in the North Pacific Ocean.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society","doi":"10.1099/vir.0.19459-0","usgsCitation":"Mork, C., Hershberger, P., Kocan, R., Batts, W.N., and Winton, J., 2004, Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) collected from the northern portion of Puget Sound, Washington, USA: Journal of General Virology, v. 85, p. 495-505, https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19459-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"505","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19459-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb6e4b0b13d3919a393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mork, Christina","contributorId":169136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mork","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocan, Richard","contributorId":58917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batts, William N. 0000-0002-6469-9004 bbatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":3815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"William","email":"bbatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, James R. jwinton@usgs.gov","contributorId":150220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James R.","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70194904,"text":"70194904 - 2004 - Plume-scale testing of a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T06:27:16","indexId":"70194904","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"4.5","title":"Plume-scale testing of a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil","docAbstract":"<p>Cost-effective methods are needed to detect contamination near radioactive-waste and other contaminated sites. Such methods should be capable of providing an early warning of contaminant releases and should be accurate and robust enough for assessing the long-term performance of waste-isolation facilities and remediation measures. Recently, a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil was developed (1). The method includes solar distillation of plant water from foliage, followed by filtration and adsorption of scintillation-interfering constituents on a graphite-based solid-phase-extraction column prior to direct-scintillation counting. The objectives of the in-progress study described here are to (i) test the simplified contamination-detection method for collection and analysis of plume-scale tritium data and (ii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint workshop on long-term monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface: Strategies, tools and case studies","conferenceDate":"April 21-22, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Integrated Sensor Technology and Environmental Monitoring Systems","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., Halford, K.J., and Michel, R.L., 2004, Plume-scale testing of a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil, <i>in</i> Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface, Reston, VA, April 21-22, 2004, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6d9dd4e4b06e28e9cac2b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":70035530,"text":"70035530 - 2004 - Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035530","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to determine potential maximum scour depths for the foundations of the replacement east span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, as part of the ongoing structural design. This effort presented unique challenges as strong tidal currents, large depths, and cohesive bottom sediments characterize the site. The authors met these challenges with a multi-faceted approach to the problem. First, design current velocities were determined using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of San Francisco Bay in conjunction with ADCP hydrographic surveys. Analytical scour calculations were performed and live-bed flume tests of the proposed foundations were also conducted. Finally, two separate methodologies were used to interpret the physical model tests in order to calculate potential scour depths around the foundations. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)16","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Shelden, J., Smith, E., Sheppard, D., and Odeh, M., 2004, Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)16.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)16"},{"id":244035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f6e4b0c8380cd5ebf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelden, J.G.","contributorId":76964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelden","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, E.D.","contributorId":81335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheppard, D.M.","contributorId":36336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026335,"text":"70026335 - 2004 - Seasonal variation in American black bear Ursus americanus activity patterns: Quantification via remote photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T15:21:54.296752","indexId":"70026335","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Seasonal variation in American black bear <i>Ursus americanus</i> activity patterns: Quantification via remote photography","title":"Seasonal variation in American black bear Ursus americanus activity patterns: Quantification via remote photography","docAbstract":"Activity pattern plasticity may serve as an evolutionary adaptation to optimize fitness in an inconstant environment, however, quantifying patterns and demonstrating variation can be problematic. For American black bears Ursus americanus, wariness and habitat inaccessibility further complicate quantification. Radio telemetry has been the primary technique used to examine activity, however, interpretation error and limitation on numbers of animals available to monitor prevent extrapolation to unmarked or untransmittered members of the population. We used remote cameras to quantify black bear activity patterns and examined differences by season, sex and reproductive class in the Alleghany Mountains of western Virginia, USA. We used 1,533 pictures of black bears taken during 1998-2002 for our analyses. Black bears generally were diurnal in summer and nocturnal in autumn with a vespertine activity peak during both seasons. Bear-hound training seasons occurred during September and may offer explanation for the observed shift towards nocturnal behaviour. We found no substantial differences in activity patterns between sex and reproductive classes. Use of remote cameras allowed us to efficiently sample larger numbers of individual animals and likely offered a better approximation of population-level activity patterns than individual-level, telemetry-based methodologies.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2981/wlb.2004.033","usgsCitation":"Bridges, A., Vaughan, M., and Klenzendorf, S., 2004, Seasonal variation in American black bear Ursus americanus activity patterns: Quantification via remote photography: Wildlife Biology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 277-284, https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.2004.033.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Alleghany Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.419677734375,\n              36.848856608486905\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.123779296875,\n              36.848856608486905\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.123779296875,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.419677734375,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.419677734375,\n              36.848856608486905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88e7e4b08c986b316c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, A.S.","contributorId":49961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughan, M.R.","contributorId":74925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klenzendorf, S.","contributorId":92842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klenzendorf","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027176,"text":"70027176 - 2004 - Evaluation of stomach tubes and gastric lavage for sampling diets from blue catfish and flathead catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027176","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of stomach tubes and gastric lavage for sampling diets from blue catfish and flathead catfish","docAbstract":"We compared the ability to extract all stomach contents by using stomach tubes or gastric lavage to sample diets from blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus and flathead catfish Pylodictus olivarus. Pulsed gastric lavage (PGL) removed a significantly greater proportion of stomach content mass (95.6%) from blue catfish than did stomach tubes (14.6%). Percent mass of flathead catfish contents removed with PGL (96.0%) was not significantly different from that removed with stomach tubes (86.9%). Based on the greater effectiveness of PGL for blue catfish, combined with a shorter mean time required per sample (69 versus 118 s) and the better preservation of extracted diet material, we recommend using PGL as a nonlethal technique to collect diet samples from large catfishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M02-156","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Waters, D., Kwak, T., Arnott, J., and Pine, W., 2004, Evaluation of stomach tubes and gastric lavage for sampling diets from blue catfish and flathead catfish: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 258-261, https://doi.org/10.1577/M02-156.","startPage":"258","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M02-156"},{"id":235299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cc7e4b0c8380cd52cc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waters, D.S.","contributorId":67701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnott, J.B.","contributorId":105500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnott","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pine, William E. III","contributorId":56759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pine","given":"William E.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027478,"text":"70027478 - 2004 - Interseismic strain and rotation rates in the northeast Mojave domain, eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T16:03:21.956714","indexId":"70027478","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interseismic strain and rotation rates in the northeast Mojave domain, eastern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northeast Mojave domain, a type locality for bookshelf faulting, is a region of east striking, left-lateral faults in the northeast corner of the Mojave block, a block otherwise dominated by ∼N40°W striking, right-lateral faults. Paleomagnetic evidence suggests that blocks within the domain have rotated clockwise about a vertical axis as much as 60° since 12.8 Ma [Schermer et al., 1996]</span><span>. In 1994, and again in 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey surveyed an array of 14 geodetic monuments distributed across the northeast Mojave domain. The 2002 survey results were adjusted to remove the coseismic offsets imposed by the nearby Hector Mine earthquake (16 October 1999,&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 7.1). The adjusted deformation across the array appears to be uniform and can be approximated by the principal strain rates ε</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;= 28.9 ± 9.1 N77.2°W ± 4.8° and ε</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;= −48.2 ± 8.9 N12.8°E ± 4.8° nstrain yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>; extension reckoned positive, and quoted uncertainties are standard deviations. That strain accumulation could be released by slip on faults striking N32°W but not by bookshelf faulting on the east striking faults alone. The vertical axis rotation rate of the northeast Mojave domain as a whole relative to fixed North America is 71.0 ± 6.4 nrad yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(4.07° ± 0.37° Myr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) clockwise, about twice the maximum tensor shear strain rate. The observed rotation rate acting over 12.8 Myr would produce a clockwise rotation of 52.1° ± 4.7°, exclusive of possible coseismic rotations. That rotation is in rough agreement with the paleomagnetic rotation accumulated in the individual fault blocks within the northeast Mojave domain since 12.8 Ma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002705","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Prescott, I.W., 2004, Interseismic strain and rotation rates in the northeast Mojave domain, eastern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 2, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002705.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.13671875,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.13671875,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3da7e4b0c8380cd6371f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, II W.","contributorId":50348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035643,"text":"70035643 - 2004 - Changes in the substrate of rivers in historic mining districts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035643","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Changes in the substrate of rivers in historic mining districts","docAbstract":"The restoration of rivers in watersheds with historic mining districts has become a topic of interest during the last decade. Rivers restoration in these areas is difficult because the mines and mills can be scattered over a wide area and often small. Many have also been abandoned. This paper presents two substrate related factors that are important in the evaluation of river restoration alternatives in watersheds with significance impacts from mines and mills most of which are old and abandoned. The two factors are 1) changes in the size distribution and specific weights of the substrate, and 2) the changes in quality of the interstecial waters caused by metals associated with the tailings in the substrate. The most important impacts of tailings from mills may be on the physical characteristics of the substrate (porosity) and on the quality of the pore waters. The measurements presented in this paper do show significant variation in the porosity in gravel bed rivers and in the quality of the pore waters. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)75","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R., 2004, Changes in the substrate of rivers in historic mining districts, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)75.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)75"},{"id":244172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f435e4b0c8380cd4bbdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, R.T.","contributorId":106845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026253,"text":"70026253 - 2004 - Toward a scientifically rigorous basis for developing mapped ecological regions.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:53:47","indexId":"70026253","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a scientifically rigorous basis for developing mapped ecological regions.","docAbstract":"Despite the wide use of ecological regions in conservation and resource-management evaluations and assessments, a commonly accepted theoretical basis for ecological regionalization does not exist. This fact, along with the paucity of focus on ecological regionalization by professional associations, journals, and faculties, has inhibited the advancement of a broadly acceptable scientific basis for the development, use, and verification of ecological regions. The central contention of this article is that ecological regions should improve our understanding of geographic and ecological phenomena associated with biotic and abiotic processes occurring in individual regions and also of processes characteristic of interactions and dependencies among multiple regions. Research associated with any ecoregional framework should facilitate development of hypotheses about ecological phenomena and dominant landscape elements associated with these phenomena, how these phenomena are structured in space, and how they function in a hierarchy. Success in addressing the research recommendations outlined in this article cannot occur within an ad hoc, largely uncoordinated research environment. Successful implementation of this plan will require activities--coordination, funding, and education--that are both scientific and administrative in nature. Perhaps the most important element of an infrastructure to support the scientific work of ecoregionalization would be a national or international authority similar to the Water and Science Technology Board of the National Academy of Sciences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-0170-2","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"McMahon, G., Wiken, E., and Gauthier, D., 2004, Toward a scientifically rigorous basis for developing mapped ecological regions.: Environmental Management, v. 34, p. S111-S124, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0170-2.","startPage":"S111","endPage":"S124","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269300,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0170-2"},{"id":234186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b1e4b08c986b32682e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, G.","contributorId":87263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiken, E.B.","contributorId":59592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiken","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gauthier, D.A.","contributorId":82099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gauthier","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035642,"text":"70035642 - 2004 - An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035642","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas","docAbstract":"In July 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey installed an acoustic Doppler velocity meter in the Colorado River, near the city of Matagorda in southeast Texas. The meter is part of an integrated system used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to control barge traffic that passes through a lock system located at the confluence of the Colorado River and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. The meter was installed on the river bottom as part of a system developed and used by the National Weather Service. The upward-looking meter measures the average velocity in the top 3 meters (10 feet) of the water column. These river-velocity data are used in conjunction with additional velocity and water-stage data, from proximal sites, by the barge operators to assess conditions at the Colorado River crossing and for lock operations. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)304","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"East, J.W., and Scheffler, C., 2004, An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)304.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216308,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)304"},{"id":244171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e0e4b0c8380cd484dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, J. W.","contributorId":99186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheffler, C.","contributorId":81336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheffler","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026940,"text":"70026940 - 2004 - Age of the Rockland tephra, western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T09:01:59","indexId":"70026940","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of the Rockland tephra, western USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The age of the Rockland&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Tephra from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/tephra\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/tephra\">tephra</a>, which includes an&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Ash Flow from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ash-flow\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ash-flow\">ash-flow</a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Tuff from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/tuff\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/tuff\">tuff</a>&nbsp;south and west of Lassen Peak in northern&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about California from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/california\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/california\">California</a>&nbsp;and a widespread ash-fall deposit that produced a distinct stratigraphic marker in western North&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Americas from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/americas\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/americas\">America</a>, is constrained to 565,000 to 610,000 yr by&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar and U–Pb dating.&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages on&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Plagioclase from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/plagioclase\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/plagioclase\">plagioclase</a>&nbsp;from&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Pumice from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/pumice\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/pumice\">pumice</a>&nbsp;in the Rockland have a weighted mean age of 609,000 ± 7000 yr. Isotopic ages of spots on individual&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Zircon from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zircon\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zircon\">zircon</a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Crystal from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/crystal\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/crystal\">crystals</a>, analyzed by the SHRIMP-RG&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Ion Microprobe from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ion-microprobe\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ion-microprobe\">ion microprobe</a>, range from ∼500,000 to ∼800,000 yr; a&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Subpopulation from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/subpopulation\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/subpopulation\">subpopulation</a>&nbsp;representing crystal&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Rim from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/rim\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/rim\">rims</a>&nbsp;yielded a weighted-mean age of 573,000 ± 19,000 yr. Overall stratigraphic&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Constraint from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/constraint\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/constraint\">constraints</a>&nbsp;on the age are provided by two volcanic units, including the underlying tephra of the&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Lava from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/lava\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/lava\">Lava</a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Creek from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/creek\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/creek\">Creek</a>&nbsp;Tuff erupted within Yellowstone&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about National Parks from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/national-parks\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/national-parks\">National Park</a>&nbsp;that has an age of 639,000 ± 2000 yr. The basaltic&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Andesite from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/andesite\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/andesite\">andesite</a>&nbsp;of Hootman Ranch stratigraphically overlies the Rockland in the Lassen Peak area and has&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages of 565,000 ± 29,000 and 565,000 ± 12,000 yr for plagioclase and groundmass, respectively. Identification of Rockland tephra in&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Ocean Drilling Program from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ocean-drilling-program\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ocean-drilling-program\">ODP</a>&nbsp;core 1018 offshore of central California is an important stratigraphic age that also constrains the eruption age to between 580,000 and 600,000 yr.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.03.001","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., Champion, D., Clynne, M., Lowenstern, J.B., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., and Wooden, J.L., 2004, Age of the Rockland tephra, western USA: Quaternary Research, v. 62, no. 1, p. 94-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.03.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.03.001"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f1e4b0c8380cd47fc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026499,"text":"70026499 - 2004 - Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T16:36:38.736359","indexId":"70026499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model","docAbstract":"Sensitivity analysis with a density-dependent ground water flow simulator can provide insight and understanding of salt water intrusion calibration problems far beyond what is possible through intuitive analysis alone. Five simple experimental simulations presented here demonstrate this point. Results show that dispersivity is a very important parameter for reproducing a steady-state distribution of hydraulic head, salinity, and flow in the transition zone between fresh water and salt water in a coastal aquifer system. When estimating dispersivity, the following conclusions can be drawn about the data types and locations considered. (1) The \"toe\" of the transition zone is the most effective location for hydraulic head and salinity observations. (2) Areas near the coastline where submarine ground water discharge occurs are the most effective locations for flow observations. (3) Salinity observations are more effective than hydraulic head observations. (4) The importance of flow observations aligned perpendicular to the shoreline varies dramatically depending on distance seaward from the shoreline. Extreme parameter correlation can prohibit unique estimation of permeability parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and flow parameters such as recharge in a density-dependent ground water flow model when using hydraulic head and salinity observations. Adding flow observations perpendicular to the shoreline in areas where ground water is exchanged with the ocean body can reduce the correlation, potentially resulting in unique estimates of these parameter values. Results are expected to be directly applicable to many complex situations, and have implications for model development whether or not formal optimization methods are used in model calibration.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.t01-2-.x","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., 2004, Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 6, p. 829-840, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.t01-2-.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3949e4b0c8380cd6188a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026333,"text":"70026333 - 2004 - Evaluating fault rupture hazard for strike-slip earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T11:39:29","indexId":"70026333","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating fault rupture hazard for strike-slip earthquakes","docAbstract":"We present fault displacement data, regressions, and a methodology to calculate in both a probabilistic and deterministic framework the fault rupture hazard for strike-slip faults. To assess this hazard we consider: (1) the size of the earthquake and probability that it will rupture to the surface, (2) the rate of all potential earthquakes on the fault (3) the distance of the site along and from the mapped fault, (4) the complexity of the fault and quality of the fault mapping, (5) the size of the structure that will be placed at the site, and (6) the potential and size of displacements along or near the fault. Probabilistic fault rupture hazard analysis should be an important consideration in design of structures or lifelines that are located within about 50m of well-mapped active faults.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects: Proceedings of Geo-Trans 2004","conferenceDate":"27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40744(154)66","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Cao, T., Dawson, T., Frankel, A.D., Wills, C., and Schwartz, D.P., 2004, Evaluating fault rupture hazard for strike-slip earthquakes, <i>in</i> Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 126 I, Los Angeles, CA, 27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004, p. 787-796, https://doi.org/10.1061/40744(154)66.","startPage":"787","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"126 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be3e4b0c8380cd52914","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","contributorId":128426,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","id":536595,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cao, Tianqing","contributorId":27965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"Tianqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Tim","contributorId":50692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wills, Chris","contributorId":61697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027112,"text":"70027112 - 2004 - Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T17:44:00.288567","indexId":"70027112","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>, the causative agent of whirling disease","title":"Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease","docAbstract":"<p><i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i><span>, the myxosporean parasite that causes whirling disease, has a number of deleterious effects on its salmonid host. Although it is well established that juvenile salmonids in the active stages of whirling disease mount an immune response to the pathogen, the occurrence and longevity of any related immunomodulatory effects are unknown. In this study, postyearling rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;infected with&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;were examined for leukocyte functions and for resistance to&nbsp;</span><i>Yersinia ruckeri</i><span>, a bacterial pathogen of salmonids. Compared with uninfected controls,&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish showed lower proliferative lymphocyte responses to four mitogens (concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide). Conversely,&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish displayed greater bactericidal activity of anterior kidney macrophages than did uninfected fish. After bath challenges with&nbsp;</span><i>Y. ruckeri</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish had slightly lower survival and a more rapid onset of mortality than did the control fish. Renal tissue and fecal samples from&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected and uninfected survivors were cultured for the presence of&nbsp;</span><i>Y. ruckeri</i><span>, and no difference in prevalence was noted between the two groups. Because immunomodulatory changes in the&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish involved functional enhancement and suppression of different leukocyte populations, disease resistance among&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish in the later stages of whirling disease will probably vary with the secondary pathogen and the nature of immune response the pathogen evokes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/H03-039.1","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C.L., Ottinger, C.A., Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L.R., and Smith, D., 2004, Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 16, no. 2, p. 73-82, https://doi.org/10.1577/H03-039.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38a3e4b0c8380cd61635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781 cdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":4560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"cdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2551-1985 cottinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":2559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","email":"cottinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":149414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":190787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026478,"text":"70026478 - 2004 - Precise hypocenter locations of midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T13:21:36.530462","indexId":"70026478","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precise hypocenter locations of midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji, Japan","docAbstract":"<p>Midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes (MLFs) have been observed at seismic stations around Mt. Fuji, Japan. In September - December 2000 and April - May 2001, abnormally high numbers of MLFs occurred. We located hypocenters for the 80 MLFs during 1998-2003 by using the hypoDD earthquake location program (Waldhauser and Ellsworth, 2000). The MLF hypocenters define an ellipsoidal volume some 5 km in diameter ranging from 11 to 16 km in focal depth. This volume is centered 3 km northeast of the summit and its long axis is directed NW-SE. The direction of the axis coincides with the major axis of tectonic compression around Mt. Fuji. The center of the MLF epicenters gradually migrated upward and 2-3 km from southeast to northwest during 1998-2001. We interpret that the hypocentral migration of MLFs reflects magma movement associated with a NW-SE oriented dike beneath Mt. Fuji.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/BF03352542","usgsCitation":"Nakamichi, H., Ukawa, M., and Sakai, S., 2004, Precise hypocenter locations of midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji, Japan: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 56, no. 12, p. e37-e40, https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352542.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"e37","endPage":"e40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03352542","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Fuji","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              138.50189208984372,\n              35.19625600786368\n            ],\n            [\n              138.92898559570312,\n              35.19625600786368\n            ],\n            [\n              138.92898559570312,\n              35.50651802802079\n            ],\n            [\n              138.50189208984372,\n              35.50651802802079\n            ],\n            [\n              138.50189208984372,\n              35.19625600786368\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a813ae4b0c8380cd7b40a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakamichi, H.","contributorId":92127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakamichi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ukawa, M.","contributorId":75029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ukawa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sakai, S.","contributorId":45195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026344,"text":"70026344 - 2004 - Slow recovery in desert perennial vegetation following prolonged human disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-28T17:02:21.778725","indexId":"70026344","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slow recovery in desert perennial vegetation following prolonged human disturbance","docAbstract":"Questions: How long may it take for desert perennial vegetation to recover from prolonged human disturbance and how do different plant community variables (i.e. diversity, density and cover) change during the recovery process? Location: Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA. Methods: Since protection from grazing from 1907 onwards, plant diversity, density and cover of perennial species were monitored intermittently on ten 10 m x 10 m permanent plots on Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Results: The study shows an exceptionally slow recovery of perennial vegetation from prolonged heavy grazing and other human impacts. Since protection, overall species richness and habitat heterogeneity at the study site continued to increase until the 1960s when diversity, density and cover had been stabilized. During the same period, overall plant density and cover also increased. Species turnover increased gradually with time but no significant relation between any of the three community variables and precipitation or Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was detected. Conclusions: It took more than 50 yr for the perennial vegetation to recover from prolonged human disturbance. The increases in plant species richness, density, and cover of the perennial vegetation were mostly due to the increase of herbaceous species, especially palatable species. The lack of a clear relationship between environment (e.g. precipitation) and community variables suggests that site history and plant life history must be taken into account in examining the nature of vegetation recovery processes after disturbance.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02318.x","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., 2004, Slow recovery in desert perennial vegetation following prolonged human disturbance: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 15, no. 6, p. 757-762, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02318.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"762","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","otherGeospatial":"Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.686279296875,\n              33.0178760185549\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.49951171875,\n              32.89803818160521\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.80712890625,\n              32.59310597426537\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.81811523437501,\n              32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.47802734375,\n              31.784216884487385\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.368408203125,\n              31.42866311735861\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.016845703125,\n              31.316101383495624\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.753173828125,\n              31.3348710339506\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.115966796875,\n              31.325486676506983\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.115966796875,\n              33.47727218776036\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.697265625,\n              33.47727218776036\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9173e4b08c986b3198f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}